“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解
“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解
新希望英语语法精讲—--—--“It"作形式主语和形式宾语“It"作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。
无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it 用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一.现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法,进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。
一、It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词(短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾.此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义.e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie。
(说谎是错误的.) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。
）〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。
) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕It 作形式主语的常见句型：①It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that ….e。
g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. （学一门外语非常重要.)It is useless crying over the spilt milk。
（覆水难收.）It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。
)②It + be +名词词组+ doing / that ….e。
g。
It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。
）It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. （你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。
高考语法it用法详解
一. it作人称代词在特定的环境中，it可指人，如指婴儿、性别不详或身份不明的人。
e.g.1. The baby stopped crying as soon as it saw the woman.（指婴儿）2. —Who is it?—It’s me.（性别不详或身份不明）二. it作形式主语或形式宾语it可以作形式主语或形式宾语而把真正的主语或宾语后置。
1. 用it作形式主语的情况：(1) It＋系动词＋形容词＋that从句It is necessary/important/surprising/strange＋that从句，从句中谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”形式，且should可省略。
(2) It＋系动词＋名词＋that从句It is a pity/a shame/good news/a fact/an honour/a wonder/no wonder/our duty＋that从句。
e.g. It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success.难怪你取得了如此大的成功。
(3) It＋不及物动词＋that从句It seems/happened/turned out /occurs/appears＋that从句。
e.g. It happened that he was out when I called on him.当我去拜访他的时候，碰巧他出去了。
(4) It＋系动词＋过去分词＋that从句It is said /reported/ announced/ believed/ thought/ well known/ hoped/ pointed out/ found out/ suggested/ ordered/ advised/ requested/ insisted/ required/ demanded＋that从句。
“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解
it作形式主语和形式宾语it既可作人称代词，用来表示动物或无生命的物体等，也可以作无人称代词，在句中作主语，表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。
它还可以引导强调句，使语气得以加强。
此外，it在句中能作引导词，充当句子中的形式上的成分，如形式主语、形式宾语等。
㈠it作形式主语：it作形式主语时没有具体的意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去，使句子显得平稳一些。
it作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。
1. it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中：It + be +形容词+ (for/of sb.) to do sth.It + be + 名词+ to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务如：①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law）②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese）③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps）④It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge）⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。
It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解
“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解"It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下：一、It用作实词表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……二、It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式主语的常见句型：1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous…例It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.例It's kind of you to help me with the problem.(3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型It's no good/use doing…It's (well)worth doing…It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do…It's (well)worth while doing/ to do例It's no use crying over spilt milk.2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型(1) It is + noun +从句例It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.(2) It is adj. +clauseIt's surprising that… (should)………竟然……It's a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然……例It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…例It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)(4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)例It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)(5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know)例It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)(6) It is v-ed that … (should)…(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend例It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.三、It作主语的句型1. It takes sb. … to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多长时间做某事例It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do…(不)像某人做某事的风格例It was (just) like him to think of helping us.3. It's (about/high) time that… should /v-ed…是该做某事的时候了例It's(about/high) time that we should take action.4. It's the x-th time (that) … have v-ed…第几次做某事了例It's the third time that he has failed the driving test.5. It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已有多长时间不发生了例It's 10 years that he lived here6. It was(not)… before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了例It was not long before they arrived.四、It 作形式宾语用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
it作形式主语或形式宾语的用法
it作形式主语或形式宾语的用法1. it用作形式主语当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。
如：It’s a pity to refuse. 拒绝是令人遗憾的。
It’s no use saying any more about it.再谈这事没有用。
It’s not known where she went.她到哪里去了没人知道。
注：It is said / reported / believed / understood that…这类结构中的 it 也是形式主语。
如：It’s reported that two people were injured in the accident. 据报导这次事故中有两人受伤。
2. it用作形式宾语当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。
如：I find it easy to get on with her. 我发现她很容易相处。
I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
They haven’t made it known where they are to hold the conference. 他们还没宣布会议在哪里开。
几种特殊的形式宾语it1. enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后接 if 从句或 when 从句，通常应先在动词后接 it 作形式宾语。
如：She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。
He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
I hate it if you say such things in public. 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。
it考点讲义：it用作形式主语和形式宾语的用法归纳总结- 高考英语语法二轮复习专题.docx
高中英语语法高考二轮复习it考点讲义【精讲版】it用作形式主语和形式宾语的用法归纳总结一、用作形式主语当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语厄而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。
如：It is stupid to do such a thing.做这种事真蠢。
It's no good sitting up too late.熬夜没有好处。
It is necessary that he should be sent there at once.有必要马上派他到那里去。
注：类似以下句子中的il也可视为形式主语：It happened that the harvest was bad in 1988.碰巧1988 年的收成很不好。
It seems that she is afraid to tell them about it.似乎她怕将此事告诉他们。
二、用作形式宾语当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。
如：I've made it a rule never to hurry,我已养成凡事从容不迫的习惯。
Do you think it possible to root out crime?你认为可以根除犯罪吗？He found il difficult to breathe at high altitudes.他觉得在高空呼吸困难。
注：通常意义的形式宾语主要见于真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形，即用于“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”这样的结构，但以下两类形式宾语却比较特殊，其后没有宾语补足语:1.由于介词后通常不能直接跟that从句作宾语，有个别特殊结构就在介词后先接it作形式宾语，再跟that从句。
如：You may depend on it that it is true.你可以相信这是真的。
it作形式主语和宾语的几种结构
“It”作形式主语和宾语It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一。
纵观历届高考题，无论是单项选择，还是完形填空，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。
现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析。
一、It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。
此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie.(说谎是错误的。
) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕It is no use arguing about it.(争吵是没用的。
) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕It is uncertain who will come.(谁要来还不确定。
) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕It 作形式主语的常见句型：① It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that ….e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language.(学一门外语非常重要。
)It is useless crying over the spilt milk.(覆水难收。
)It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。
)② It + be +名词词组+ doing / that ….e.g. It is no good telling lies.(撒谎没好处。
)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday.(你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。
高考英语备考之it作形式主语和形式宾语
2012高考备考英语之it作形式主语和形式宾语it既可作人称代词，用来表示动物或无生命的物体等，也可以作无人称代词，在句中作主语，表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。
它还可以引导强调句，使语气得以加强。
此外，it在句中能作引导词，充当句子中的形式上的成分，如形式主语、形式宾语等。
㈠ it作形式主语：it作形式主语时没有具体的意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去，使句子显得平稳一些。
it作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。
⒈ it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中：It + be +形容词 + (for/of sb.) to do sth.It + be + 名词 + to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务如：①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。
（ it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law）②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。
（ it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese）③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps）④It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
（ it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge）⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。
it作形式主语和形式宾语用法
it作形式主语和形式宾语用法2009-09-21 09:58:41| 分类：study | 标签：|字号大中小订阅一、It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。
此时it只起先行引导作用 ...一、It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。
此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie.(说谎是错误的。
) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕It is no use arguing about it.(争吵是没用的。
) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕It is uncertain who will come.(谁要来还不确定。
) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕It 作形式主语的常见句型：①It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that ….e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language.(学一门外语非常重要。
)It is useless crying over the spilt milk.(覆水难收。
)It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。
)②It + be +名词词组+ doing / that ….e.g. It is no good telling lies.(撒谎没好处。
)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterda y.(你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。
It在句子作形式主语和形式宾语的用法
It在句子作形式主语和形式宾语的用法
It作形式主语和形式宾语一直是学生感到困惑的难点之一。
针对这个问题特录制了本微课让学生学习，以更好的掌握此知识点。
首先，我使用两个例句导入。
让学生找出句子中的错误。
分别是把that改成it，作形式主语和形式宾语。
然后在呈现四个基本句型:It + be +形容词 + 从句
It + be + 名词 +从句
It + 不及物动词+从句
It + be + 过去分词 + 从句
通过举例说明和习题加以巩固。
并和定语从句，主语从句进行比较。
接着，我又给出了it的另外一个句型。
为了记忆方便我们把该句型总结为"6123结构"。
6think, believe, make, find, consider, feel
1指的是形式宾语it
2
3指的是真正宾语的三种形或从句。
同样用举例说明和习题加以巩固。
通过本次微课，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助。
谢谢。
it作形式主语和形式宾语
it作形式主语和形式宾语it既可作人称代词，用来表示动物或无生命的物体等，也可以作无人称代词，在句中作主语，表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。
它还可以引导强调句，使语气得以加强。
此外，it在句中能作引导词，充当句子中的形式上的成分，如形式主语、形式宾语等。
㈠it作形式主语：it作形式主语时没有具体的意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去，使句子显得平稳一些。
it作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。
⒈it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中：It + be +形容词+ (for/of sb.) to do sth.It + be + 名词+ to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务如：①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law）②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese）③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps）④It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge）⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。
“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解
it作形式主语和形式宾语一、it作形式主语：当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。
此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
it作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。
1. it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中：如：It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。
It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。
It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。
It is up to us to help those in need.帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。
eg. It’s important for us to learn English well.学好英语对我们来说是重要的。
It’s kind of you to help me.感谢你对我的帮助。
⒉ it代替动名词短语：It’s no good/use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/浪费时间①It is no good/ use having a car if you can’t drive.如果你不会开车，有车也没用。
②It is a waste of time watching TV.看电视是浪费时间。
（it作形式主语,代替动名词短语watching TV）⒊ it代替主语从句：这个主语从句可以用连词that引导，也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。
如：①It was clear that they had no desire for peace.很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。
“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解
“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下:一、It用作实词表达以下概念：指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this，that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……二、It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾.It 作形式主语的常见句型：1。
代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为（1)It be adj。
（for sb.)to do sth.此处adj。
通常为描述事件的形容词:easy，difficult，hard,necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right,wrong，important,unimportant，legal，illegal，well—mannered,ill-mannered,polite，impolite,clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful,useless，dangerous…例It is illegal（for a teenager)to drive a car without a license.(2）It be adj. of sb。
to do sth.此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful，careless，silly，foolish,stupid，clever,wise，crazy。
例It’s kind of you to help me with the problem.（3）It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型It’s no good/use doing…It's（well）worth doing…It's（well）worth one’s while doing/to do…It’s（well)worth while doing/ to do例It's no use crying over spilt milk.2。
it作形式主语和宾语的几种结构
B. 动词+ it + that从句。常见于like, take, have, put等少数动词之后（it相当于that从句的同位语）。
I take it that they will succeed sooner or later.
我认为他们迟早会成功的。
The newspapers have it that some Japanese firms have gone bankrupt.
（他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。）
I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.
（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）
He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
（他立志决不向别人借钱。）
(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)
It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.
(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。)
How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train?
(据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。)
It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.
(大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。)
It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.
英语中it用法全解析
英语中it用法全解析摘要本文主要介绍了英语中it的用法，包括以下几个方面：it作为人称代词，指代前文提到的或语境中明确的人或物。
it作为非人称代词，表示天气、时间、温度、距离等抽象概念。
it作为形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句等真正的主语或宾语。
it用于强调句型，突出句子中的某一成分。
it用于其他常见的句式和短语，表达不同的意思和功能。
1. it作为人称代词it作为人称代词，通常指代前文提到的或语境中明确的人或物。
它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语或表语等。
例如：句子说明He took a quick look at the house and noticed it was veryold.it指代前文提到的house，作主语。
John hates children, and it is difficult to say why.it指代前面提到的事情，作主语。
She made it clear (that) we were not welcome.it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句。
It's me.it作形式主语，真正的主语是me。
2. it作为非人称代词it作为非人称代词，表示天气、时间、温度、距离等抽象概念。
它在句中通常作主语或宾语。
例如：句子说明It is raining.it表示天气，作主语。
It is an hour's walk from my home to the school.it表示距离，作主语。
It is a pity that I didn't think of it earlier.it表示一般情况，作主语。
I don't like it when you are angry.it指代后面的when引导的从句，作宾语。
3. it作为形式主语或形式宾语当不定式、动名词或从句等用作主语或宾语时，为避免头重脚轻或保持句子平衡，通常在句首使用形式主语或形式宾语it，而把真正的主语或宾语置于句尾。
“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解
“It"用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点,因此应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下：一、It用作实词表达以下概念：指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this，that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……二、It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾.It 作形式主语的常见句型：1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为（1）It be adj.（for sb。
）to do sth。
此处adj。
通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal,well —mannered，ill-mannered，polite，impolite,clear，obvious，certain，suitable,proper，fit，useful，useless,dangerous…例It is illegal（for a teenager）to drive a car without a license.（2）It be adj。
of sb. to do sth。
此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind,nice，rude，cruel，considerate,thoughtful，thoughtless,careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise,crazy.例It’s kind of you to help me with the problem。
形式主语与形式宾语
i t作形式主语和形式宾语的用法it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法It除了用作代词表示指代意义以外,还可以用作形式主语和形式宾语;这种用法是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一;纵观历届中考题,无论是单项选择、完型填空,还是句型转换或翻译,it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一;现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法,进行如下归纳分析,以供读者学习和参考;一、It 用作形式主语1．当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语放在句尾;此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义;例如：It is wrong to tell a lie. 说谎是错误的;It is no use arguing about it. 争吵是没用的;It is uncertain who will come. 谁要来还不确定;2．It 作形式主语的常见句型① It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that ….;例如：It is very important to learn a foreign language. 学一门外语非常重要;It is useless crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收;It was really surprising that she married a man like that.她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶;② It + be +名词词组+ doing / that ….,例如：It is no good telling lies. 撒谎没好处;It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. 你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾;It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.没有共产党就没有新中国,这是毋庸质疑的;③ It + be + 过去分词+ that ….：该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.;例如：It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. 据说他们发明了一种新型电脑;It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列;It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.据报道,至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生;④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词+ that ….;例如：It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲;It appears that Tom might change his mind. 看来汤姆可能会改变主意;⑤若句子是疑问形式,就只能用it作形式主语;例如：Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow 他们明天不来很重要吗Is it true that he will go abroad next week 他下周出国是真的吗⑥ It + takes + sb. + some time + to do sth.这是一个表示“某人花多少时间干某事”的句型,其中it是形式主语,代替后面的不定式to do sth.,句型中的sb.也可以省略;例如：It took me some time to read the reading materials.我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料;It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时;How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.我不能肯定,但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿;二、It 用作形式宾语：当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句在某个句子中作宾语时,为保持句子结构平衡,避免句式结构的混乱,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾;此时it仍只起先行引导作用,本身无词义;it 作形式宾语多用于下列句型中;①当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时如think, make,find, consider, feel, suppose等;例如：They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快;I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难;He makes it a rule never to borrow money. 他立志决不向别人借钱;I think it no need talking about it with them. 我认为没必要跟他们谈;②某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词,如like, enjoy, love, hate等,往往不能直接接宾语从句;例如I don’t like it that he’s so lazy. 我不喜欢他那么懒惰;I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. 我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋;③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语;例如：You may depend on it that we shall always help you.尽管放心,我们会随时帮你的;Would you see to it that she gets home early 你负责保证她早到家,好吗He insisted on it that he was innocent. 他坚持说自己是无辜的;④由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中,宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时,须借用it;例如：I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.我让你自己判断这事是否该做; We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.多亏了你才没有发生严重事故;考研难度It作形式主语和形式宾语,虽然是我们高中就学过的语法点,但在考研英语题型中,无论是在阅读还是翻译,常会考查该知识点;一.it作形式主语;英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句在作主语时主语往往显得很长,使整个句子看上去有点头重脚轻,这样就借助“it”来作形式上的主语,而把真正的主语移到句子后边去,使全句结构上前后平衡; “it”并无实际意义;It之后的谓语部分,可以是be+形容词,be+名词词组,或be+过去分词等;1.不定式做真正主语例句1：If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are co mmon to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing re mark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad tas te in ties. 2002 Text1结构分析本句包含由and连接两个并列分句;第一个分句主干为you will be in a position,不定式to know the experiences and problems 做定语,修饰p osition,其中which引导定语从句,修饰the experiences and problems;第二个分句为it’ll be appropriate for you to …,其中it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式to make a passing remark about…;参考译文如果你是你谈话听众中的一员,你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题,而且你也可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者领导在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足;例句2：Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insi sting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure;2005 Text2结构分析本句的主干是voices come from…,现在分词短语insisting…作voi ce的后置定语,insiste后接两个that引导的宾语从句,分别为that the science about global warming is incomplete和that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure,第二个that从句中,it是形式主语,真正的主语由不定式短语充当,until we know for sure为时间状语从句;参考译文就像吸烟问题一样,来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球气候变暖的科学资料还不完整;在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断地排放气体;2.主语从句做句子真正主语主语从句做句子真正主语,其结构组成一般是“形式主语it +谓语+ 关系连词+从句”;例句1：Further more,it is obvious that the strength of a country’s ec onomy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and indu stry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technol ogists of all kinds. 2000-72结构分析本句主干为it is obvious that…,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语为and连接的两个that引导的名词性从句that the strength of a country’s econ omy is…和that this in turn rests…;第一个主语从句中,代词its指代country’s;第二个主语从句中,this指代efficiency of its agriculture and industry;参考译文再者,显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力;例句2：It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to f igure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have elu ded some of the best poets and philosophers;2007Text2结构分析本句中It为形式主语,真正主语是其后how引导的主语从句,how t he capacity suits one to answer questions,两个不定式结构to…作capacity的后置定语, questions后面的that引导定语从句,关系代词that在从句中作主语;参考译文人们非常不清楚的是：智商考试这种在心里想象物体的形状或数字模式的能力,怎么能回答一些已经困惑了最优秀的诗人和哲学家多年的问题呢3. 动名词做真正主语这类句子常见结构为It's +n.名词或名词短语/adj.形容词+ doing sth.;1下列形容词后常用动名词作真正主语：nice, good, useless, hard, foolis h, enjoyable, worthwhile等;例如：形式主语与实际主语形式宾语与实际宾语2下列名词或名词短语作表语时常用动名词作真正主语：use, good, fun, a waste of, job, task等;例如：It's a waste of time doing this. 这样做是浪费时间的;It's no good /use doing that. 那样做没好处没用;二.it作形式宾语不定式、动名词或从句在句中做宾语时,由于该宾语成分过长,为保持句子平衡,常使用it做形式宾语,将真正宾语置于句后;这时,it也无实际意义;这种情况通常只用于能带以名词或形容词作宾语补语的动词后面,比如think,make,find,cons ider,feel,suppose等;例句1：The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that th e brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary;2005完形结构分析本句的主干为主系表结构The explanation…seems to be…,表语部分由that引导的表语从句充当;在此从句中,使用了find it +adj.+to do 结构, it是形式宾语,真正的宾语由不定式短语充当;but并列了the brain后的两个谓语finds it inefficient to keep…和can create new receptors if necessary;参考译文对气味的不敏感似乎可以这样解释,大脑发现让所有的气味感觉器官一直工作效率会很低,但在需要的时候仍可以创造新的感觉器官;。
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新希望英语语法精讲------“It”作形式主语和形式宾语“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。
无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it 用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。
现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。
一、 It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。
此时it 只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。
) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。
) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。
) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕It 作形式主语的常见句型：① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that ….. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。
)It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。
)It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。
)② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that ….. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。
)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。
) It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.(没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。
)③ It + be + 过去分词 + that ….该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. . It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。
) It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.(大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。
)It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.(据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。
)④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that ….. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.(似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
)It appears that Tom might change his mind. (看来汤姆可能会改变主意。
)⑤若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。
. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow (他们明天不来很重要吗)Is it true that he will go abroad next week (他下周出国是真的吗)⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth. 这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。
. It took me some time to read the reading materials.(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。
)It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。
)How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train (从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间)I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.(我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。
)二、It 用作形式宾语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。
此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语：①当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.（他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。
）I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English. （我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。
）He makes it a rule never to borrow money. （他立志决不向别人借钱。
）I think it no need talking about it with them. （我认为没必要跟他们谈。
）②某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy. （我不喜欢他那么懒惰。
）I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. （我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。
）③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；. You may depend on it that we shall always help you. （尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。
）Would you see to it that she gets home early （你负责保证她早到家，好吗）He insisted on it that he was innocent. （他坚持说自己是无辜的。
）④由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。
. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it. （我让你自己判断这事是否该做。
）We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident. （多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。
）练习一1. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day A. this B. that C.it D. he2. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work..A. thisB. thatC. itsD. it3. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time A. this B. that C. he D.it4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____ didn’t help. A. he B. which C. she D. it5. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It6. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. theseD. them7. Don’t _______ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the most successful. A. take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for grantedD. take it for granted8. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. thatC. itD. one练习二1. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the . This; that B. That; that C. It; thatD. He; that2. We took _______ for granted that they would accept our . that B. this C. it D. them3. ______ that the scientist will give us a talk next monthA. Is true B. Is it true C. It’s true D. It’s truly4. ____ doesn’t matter much _____ dress you are going to . This; that B. That; who C. It; whichD. It; who5. _______ is going to America for further study.A. He is said thatB. People said that heC. It was said heD. It is said that he6. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so . This B. ThatC. ThereD. It7. Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceshipA. this B. there C. thatD. it8. She liked _______ when he kissed her. A. him B. that C. one D. it9. _______ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. A. It B. There C. ThoseD. One10. We think _______ our duty to pay taxes to our . that B. this C. its D. itKey: 练习一1-8 CDDDDADC 练习二1-5 CCBCD 6-10 DDDADit作形式主语和形式宾语it既可作人称代词，用来表示动物或无生命的物体等，也可以作无人称代词，在句中作主语，表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。