公司理财-金融学案例原题及答案-Solution to Case 24-Debt Versus Equity Financing
《公司理财》试题及答案
《公司理财》试题及答案第一章公司理财概述一、单项选择题1、在筹资理财阶段，公司理财的重点内容是( B ) 。
A 有效运用资金B 如何设法筹集到所需资金C 研究投资组合D 国际融资二、填空题1、在内部控制理财阶段，公司理财的重点内容是如何有效地(运用资金) 。
2 、西方经济学家和企业家以往都以(利润最大化)作为公司的经营目标和理财目标。
3、现代公司的理财目标是(股东财富最大化) 。
4、公司资产价值增加，生产经营能力提高，意味着公司具有持久的、强大的获利能力和(偿债能力) 。
5、公司筹资的渠道主要有两大类，一是(自有资本)的筹集，二是(借入资本)的筹集。
三、简答题1、为什么以股东财富最大化作为公司理财目标？(1)考虑到了货币时间价值和风险价值； (2)体现了对公司资产保值增值的要求； (3)有利于克服公司经营上的短期行为，促使公司理财当局从长远战略角度进行财务决策，不断增加公司财富。
2、公司理财的具体内容是什么？(1)筹资决策； (2)投资决策； (3)股利分配决策。
第二章财务报表分析一、单项选择题1、资产负债表为( B ) 。
A 动态报表B 静态报表C 动态与静态相结合的报表D 既不是动态报表也不是静态报表2、下列负债中属于长期负债的是( D ) 。
A 应付账款B 应交税金C 预计负债D 应付债券3、公司流动性最强的资产是( A ) 。
A 货币资金B 短期投资C 应收账款D 存货4、下列各项费用中属于财务费用的是( C ) 。
A 广告费B 劳动保险费C 利息支出D 坏账损失5、反映公司所得与所占用的比例关系的财务指标是( B ) 。
A 资产负债率B 资产利润率C 销售利润率D 成本费用利润率二、多项选择题1、与资产负债表中财务状况的计量直接联系的会计要素有( ABC ) 。
A 资产B 负债C 所有者权益D 成本费用E 收入利润2、与利润表中经营成果的计量有直接联系的会计要素有( BCD ) 。
A 资产B 收入C 成本和费用D 利润E 所有者权益三、填空题1、资产的实质是(经济资源) 。
公司理财习题及答案
思考题:一、问答题1.谈谈你对时间价值的理解。
2.试比较单利和复利在计算上的异同。
3.试述你对期限结构理论的理解。
4.试述时间价值计算在股票估价上的局限性。
5.试比较资本资产定价模型与套利定价模型的区别。
二、案例分析题股评专家经常告诉股民：某只股票的价值被市场低估，具有投资价值，投资者可以介入。
可是，投资者购买了这只股票之后，却被长期“套牢”，更谈不上获利。
于是，投资者大骂股评专家被人收买，为“庄家”说话。
请讨论：6、股评专家说“某只股票的价值被市场低估”的依据是什么？7、股评专家果真被“庄家”收买吗？8、股票内在价值与市场价格关系如何？如何正确看待这种关系？练习题：一、名词解释时间价值复利年金现值终值永续年金永久性债券零息债券附息债券风险资本资产定价模型套利定价理论二、计算分析题1.现有本金2 000元，年利率为8%,每年计息一次，到期一次还本付息，则第5年年末的本利和是多少？2.假设企业按10%的年利率取得贷款100 000元，要求在6年内每年年末等额偿还，则每年的偿付金额应为多少元？3.有一项现金，前3年无流入，后5年每年年末流入500万元，年利率为10%,其现值为多少？4.某公司优先股每年可分得股息0.5元，要想获得每年8%的收益，股票的价格最高为多少时才值得购买？5.某公司拟于2008年4月1日购买一张面额1 000元的债券，其票面利率为12%, 每年4月1日计算并支付一次利息，并于5年后的3月31日到期。
市场利率为10%,债券的市价为1080元，问是否值得购买该债券?6.某债券面值1000元，期限10年，票面利率为10%,市场利率为8%,到期一次还本付息，如在发行时购买，多高的价格是可接受的？7.某公司必要报酬率为15%,第一年支付的股利为2元，股利的年增长率为11%,则股票的理论价格为多少？8.某公司的普通股基年股利3元，估计股利年增长率为8%,期望收益率为15%,打算3年以后转让出去，估计转让价格为20元，试计算该普通股的理论价格。
《公司理财》案例题解读
[12]企业准备投资某项目，计划项目经营 企业准备投资某项目， 企业准备投资某项目 五年， 五年，预计每年分别可获得投资收益为 200，000元、250，000元、300， ， 元 ， 元 ， 000元、280，000元、260，000元、 元 ， 元 ， 元 在保证项目的投资收益率为12%的条件 在保证项目的投资收益率为 的条件 企业目前投资额应在多少元之内？ 下，企业目前投资额应在多少元之内？
付款方式： 答：A付款方式： 付款方式 P=80000[（P/A，14%，8-1）+ 1 ] （ ， ， ） =80000[ 4.2882 + 1 ]=423056（元） （ B付款方式：P=132000[（P/A，14% ， 付款方式： 付款方式 （ ， 7）—（P/A，14%，2）] ） （ ， ， ） =132000[4.2882–1.6467]=348678（元） （ C付款方式：P=100000+90000（P/A，14%， 付款方式： 付款方式 （ ， ， 6） ） =100000 + 90000×3.888=449983 （元） × 应选择B付款方式 付款方式。 应选择 付款方式。
答： F = P（F/P，i, n） （ ， ） =1280000×(F/P,12%,8) × =1280000×2.4760 × =3169280 （ 元）
[4]某企业需要在 年后有 某企业需要在4年后有 某企业需要在 年后有1500000元的现 元的现 金需求， 金需求，现在某投资基金的年收益率为 18%，如果，企业现在投资该基金应投 ，如果， 入多少元才能获得4年后所需的资金 年后所需的资金？ 入多少元才能获得 年后所需的资金？ 分析：F=150000; i =18%; n=4 分析
公司理财第九版罗斯课后案例答案 Case Solutions Corporate Finance
公司理财第九版罗斯课后案例答案 Case Solutions CorporateFinance1. 案例一：公司资金需求分析问题：一家公司需要资金支持其新项目。
通过分析现金流量，推断该公司是否需要向外部借款或筹集其他资金。
解答：为了确定公司是否需要外部资金，我们需要分析公司的现金流量状况。
首先，我们需要计算公司的净现金流量（净收入加上非现金项目）。
然后，我们需要将净现金流量与项目的投资现金流量进行对比。
假设公司预计在项目开始时投资100万美元，并在项目运营期为5年。
预计该项目每年将产生50万美元的净现金流量。
现在，我们需要进行以下计算：净现金流量 = 年度现金流量 - 年度投资现金流量年度投资现金流量 = 100万美元年度现金流量 = 50万美元净现金流量 = 50万美元 - 100万美元 = -50万美元根据计算结果，公司的净现金流量为负数（即净现金流出），意味着公司每年都会亏损50万美元。
因此，公司需要从外部筹集资金以支持项目的运营。
2. 案例二：公司股权融资问题：一家公司正在考虑通过股权融资来筹集资金。
根据公司的财务数据和资本结构分析，我们需要确定公司最佳的股权融资方案。
解答：为了确定最佳的股权融资方案，我们需要参考公司的财务数据和资本结构分析。
首先，我们需要计算公司的资本结构比例，即股本占总资本的比例。
然后，我们将不同的股权融资方案与资本结构比例进行对比，选择最佳的方案。
假设公司当前的资本结构比例为60%的股本和40%的债务，在当前的资本结构下，公司的加权平均资本成本（WACC）为10%。
现在，我们需要进行以下计算：•方案一：以新股发行筹集1000万美元，并将其用于项目投资。
在这种方案下，公司的资本结构比例将发生变化。
假设公司的股本增加至80%，债务比例减少至20%。
根据资本结构比例的变化，WACC也将发生变化。
新的WACC可以通过以下公式计算得出：新的WACC = (股本比例 * 股本成本) + (债务比例 * 债务成本)假设公司的股本成本为12%，债务成本为8%：新的WACC = (0.8 * 12%) + (0.2 * 8%) = 9.6%•方案二：以新股发行筹集5000万美元，并将其用于项目投资。
《公司理财》课后习题与答案
《公司理财》考试围：第3~7章，第13章，第16~19章，其中第16章和18章为较重点章节。
书上例题比较重要，大家记得多多动手练练。
PS：书中课后例题不出，大家可以当习题练练~考试题型：1.单选题10分 2.判断题10分 3.证明题10分 4.计算分析题60分 5.论述题10分注：第13章没有答案第一章1.在所有权形式的公司中,股东是公司的所有者。
股东选举公司的董事会,董事会任命该公司的管理层。
企业的所有权和控制权分离的组织形式是导致的代理关系存在的主要原因。
管理者可能追求自身或别人的利益最大化,而不是股东的利益最大化。
在这种环境下,他们可能因为目标不一致而存在代理问题。
2.非营利公司经常追求社会或政治任务等各种目标。
非营利公司财务管理的目标是获取并有效使用资金以最大限度地实现组织的社会使命。
3.这句话是不正确的。
管理者实施财务管理的目标就是最大化现有股票的每股价值，当前的股票价值反映了短期和长期的风险、时间以及未来现金流量。
4.有两种结论。
一种极端,在市场经济中所有的东西都被定价。
因此所有目标都有一个最优水平，包括避免不道德或非法的行为，股票价值最大化。
另一种极端,我们可以认为这是非经济现象,最好的处理方式是通过政治手段。
一个经典的思考问题给出了这种争论的答案:公司估计提高某种产品安全性的成本是30美元万。
然而,该公司认为提高产品的安全性只会节省20美元万。
请问公司应该怎么做呢?”5.财务管理的目标都是相同的,但实现目标的最好方式可能是不同的,因为不同的国家有不同的社会、政治环境和经济制度。
6.管理层的目标是最大化股东现有股票的每股价值。
如果管理层认为能提高公司利润，使股价超过35美元,那么他们应该展开对恶意收购的斗争。
如果管理层认为该投标人或其它未知的投标人将支付超过每股35美元的价格收购公司,那么他们也应该展开斗争。
然而,如果管理层不能增加企业的价值,并且没有其他更高的投标价格,那么管理层不是在为股东的最大化权益行事。
公司理财习题参考答案
公司理财习题参考答案第三章 财务管理价值观念三、计算题3．甲银行可提供2年期定期存款服务，名义年利率为4%，该存款每季计息一次；乙银行同样可提供2年期定期存款服务，名义年利率为3.9%，该存款每月计息一次。
王先生手上有现金100万元，请问他应选择哪一家银行储蓄？4．王先生打算为其刚出生的儿子储蓄大学教育经费，假设王先生的儿子将在16岁上大学。
目前大学学杂费一年需要10万元，且每年以5%增加。
若王先生打算从明年开始，连续16年，每年存一笔固定金额的钱。
若年利率为8%，试问王先生每年应存多少钱？6．甲公司从某租赁公司租入一设备，设备价款及各项费用合计500万元，合同期为8年，合同规定甲公司每年年末支付租金，合同期满后，该设备归甲公司所有，设备净残值为0，现市场利率为6%。
请问：（1）甲公司每期支付的租金为多少？（2）如果合同规定甲公司须于每年年初支付租金，那么甲公司每期支付的租金应为多少？3.解：甲银行的实际利率为：4)4%41()1(+=+甲i%06.4=甲i乙银行的实际利率为：12)12%9.31()1(+=+乙i%97.3= i甲银行的实际利率高，所以应该选择甲银行。
4.解：)16%8/()16%5/(10，，，，A F A P F =⨯ A ⋅=⨯324.301829.210（万元）39.1=A 6.解： （1）)8%,6,/(500A P A ⨯=（万元）52.80=A （2）[]1)7%,6,/(500+⨯=A P A （万元）82.74=A第四章 有价证券估价三、计算题1．某债券面值为1000元，票面利率为12%，期限为5年，某公司对此债券进行投资，要求获得15%的报酬率，则该债券价格为多少时才能进行投资？2．有一面值为1000元的债券，票面利率为8%，每年支付一次利息，2000年5月1日发行，2005年4月30日到期。
现在是2003年4月1日，假设投资的必要报酬率为10%，问该债券的价值是多少？3．股票市场预期A 公司的股票股利将在未来三年内高速增长，增长率达15%，以后转为正常增长，增长率为10%，已知A 公司最近支付的股利为每股3元，投资者要求的最低报酬率为12%。
公司理财习题及答案
工程一财务管理总体认知一、单项选择题1．以下各项企业财务管理目标中，能够同时考虑资金的时间价值和投资风险因素的是(D )。
A．产值最大化B．利润最大化C．每股收益最大化D．企业价值最大化2．企业筹资活动的最终结果是( D )。
A.银行借款B.发行债券C.发行股票D.资金流入7．相对于每股收益最大化目标而言，企业价值最大化目标的缺乏之处是( D )。
A．没有考虑资金的时间价值B．没有考虑投资的风险价值C．不能反映企业潜在的获利能力D．*些情况下确定比拟困难9．以下法律法规同时影响企业筹资、投资和收益分配的是( A )。
A．公司法B．金融法C．税法D．企业财务通则10．在市场经济条件下，财务管理的核心是〔B 〕。
A.财务预测B.财务决策C.财务控制D.财务分析二、多项选择题2．企业财务管理的根本容包括( ACD )。
A. 筹资决策B．技术决策C．投资决策D．盈利分配决策3．财务管理的环境包括( ABCD )。
A．技术环境B．经济环境C．金融环境D．法律环境4．以下工程中属于“利润最大化〞目标存在的问题有( ABCD )。
A．没有考虑利润实现时间和资金时间价值B．没有考虑风险问题C．没有反映创造的利润与投入的资本之间的关系D．可能导致企业短期财务决策倾向，影响企业长远开展5．以股东财富最大化作为财务管理目标存在的问题有( ABC )。
A．通常只适用于上市公司B．股价不能完全准确反映企业财务管理状况C．对其他相关者的利益重视不够D．没有考虑风险因素6．以下财务管理的目标当中，考虑了风险因素的有( BCD )。
A．利润最大化B．股东财富最大化C．企业价值最大化D．相关者利益最大化7．在分配活动中，企业财务管理的核心任务是( BC )。
A. 确定筹资构造B. 确定分配规模C．确定分配方式D. 确定投资方向8．利润最大化目标和每股利润最大化目标存在的共同缺陷有( ABD )。
A．没有考虑货币时间价值B．没有考虑风险因素C．没有考虑利润与资本的关系 D. 容易导致短期行为11．以下属于货币市场工具的有(BD )。
公司理财带答案
第七章11、敏感性分析与盈亏平衡点我们正评估一个项目，该项目成本为724000美元，存续期限为8年，残值为0。
假设在项目生命期内以直线折旧法计提折旧，最终账面值为0。
预计每年的销售量为75000单位，每单位的价格为39美元，每单位的可变成本为23美元，每年固定成本为850000美元。
税率为35%，我们对该项目要求的收益率为15%。
a.计算会计盈亏平衡点b.计算基本情况下的现金流与净现值。
净现值对销售数额变动的敏感性如何？根据你的答案，说明当预测销售量减少500单位时会发生什么情况？c.营运现金流(OCF)对可变成本数值变动的敏感性如何？根据你的答案，说明当估计的可变成本降低1美元时会发生什么情况？14、题财务盈亏平衡点LJ 玩具公司刚刚购买了一台250000 美元的机器，以生产玩具车。
该机器将在其5 年的使用期限内以直线折旧法计提折旧。
每件玩具售价为25 美元。
每件玩具的可变成本为6 美元，每年公司的固定成本为360000 美元。
公司税率为34％。
适当的折现率为12％。
请问项目的财务盈亏平衡点是多少?解答：【EAC+固定成本*（1-税率）—折旧*税率】/（销售单价—单位变动成本）*（1—税率）则：EAC = 初始投资额/ PVIFA12%,5=$250,000 / 3.60478=$69,352.43每年的折旧：$250,000 / 5=$50,000现值盈亏平衡点=[EAC + FC(1 –tC) –Depreciation(tC)] / [(P –VC)(1 –tC)]= [$69,352.43 + $360,000(1 –0.34) –$50,000(0.34)] / [($25 –6)(1 –0.34)]= 23,122.20 或23,122 件第八章25.债券估值Morgan集团公司目前发行在外的有两份债券。
债券M面值为20000美元，20年后到期。
债券在前6年中不进行任何的利息支付，而后在接下来的8年中每6个月支付800美元，并在最后6年中每6个月支付1000美元。
公司理财Corporate_Finance_第九版_CASE答案(完整资料).doc
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】Case SolutionsFundamentals of Corporate FinanceRoss, Westerfield, and Jordan9th editionCHAPTER 1THE McGEE CAKE COMPANY1.The advantages to a LLC are: 1) Reduction of personal liability. A soleproprietor has unlimited liability, which can include the potential loss of all personal assets. 2) Taxes. Forming an LLC may mean that more expenses can be considered business expenses and be deducted from the company’s income. 3) Improved credibility. The business may have increased credibility in the business world compared to a sole proprietorship. 4) Ability to attract investment. Corporations, even LLCs, can raise capital through the sale of equity. 5) Continuous life. Sole proprietorships have a limited life, while corporations have a potentially perpetual life. 6) Transfer of ownership. It is easier to transfer ownership in a corporation through the sale of stock.The biggest disadvantage is the potential cost, although the cost of forminga LLC can be relatively small. There are also other potential costs, includingmore expansive record-keeping.2.Forming a corporation has the same advantages as forming a LLC, but thecosts are likely to be higher.3.As a small company, changing to a LLC is probably the most advantageousdecision at the current time. If the company grows, and Doc and Lyn are willing to sell more equity ownership, the company can reorganize as a corporation at a later date. Additionally, forming a LLC is likely to be less expensive than forming a corporation.CHAPTER 2CASH FLOWS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AT SUNSET BOARDS Below are the financial statements that you are asked to prepare.1.The income statement for each year will look like this:Income statement2008 2009Sales $247,259 $301,392Cost of goods sold 126,038 159,143Selling & administrative 24,787 32,352Depreciation 35,581 40,217EBIT $60,853 $69,680Interest 7,735 8,866EBT $53,118 $60,814Taxes 10,624 12,163Net income $42,494 $48,651Dividends $21,247 $24,326Addition to retainedearnings 21,247 24,3262.The balance sheet for each year will be:Balance sheet as of Dec. 31, 2008C-26 CASE SOLUTIONSCash $18,187 Accounts payable $32,143 Accountsreceivable 12,887 Notes payable 14,651 Inventory 27,119 Current liabilities $46,794 Current assets $58,193Long-term debt $79,235 Net fixed assets $156,975 Owners' equity 89,139Total assets $215,168 Total liab. &equity $215,168In the first year, equity is not given. Therefore, we must calculate equity as a plug variable. Since total liabilities & equity is equal to total assets, equity can be calculated as:Equity = $215,168 – 46,794 – 79,235Equity = $89,139CHAPTER 2 C-5Balance sheet as of Dec. 31, 2009Cash $27,478 Accounts payable $36,404 Accountsreceivable 16,717 Notes payable 15,997 Inventory 37,216 Current liabilities $52,401 Current assets $81,411Long-term debt $91,195 Net fixed assets $191,250 Owners' equity 129,065Total assets $272,661 Total liab. &equity $272,661The owner’s equity for 2009 is the beginning of year owner’s equity, plus the addition to retained earnings, plus the new equity, so:Equity = $89,139 + 24,326 + 15,600Equity = $129,065ing the OCF equation:OCF = EBIT + Depreciation – TaxesThe OCF for each year is:OCF2008 = $60,853 + 35,581 – 10,624OCF2008 = $85,180OCF2009 = $69,680 + 40,217 – 12,163OCF2009 = $97,734C-26 CASE SOLUTIONS4.To calculate the cash flow from assets, we need to find the capital spendingand change in net working capital. The capital spending for the year was: Capital spendingEnding net fixed assets $191,250– Beginning net fixedassets 156,975+ Depreciation 40,217Net capital spending $74,492And the change in net working capital was:Change in net working capitalEnding NWC $29,010– Beginning NWC 11,399Change in NWC $17,611CHAPTER 2 C-5 So, the cash flow from assets was:Cash flow from assetsOperating cash flow $97,734– Net capital spending 74,492– Change in NWC 17,611Cash flow from assets $ 5,6315.The cash flow to creditors was:Cash flow to creditorsInterest paid $8,866– Net new borrowing 11,960Cash flow to creditors –$3,0946.The cash flow to stockholders was:Cash flow tostockholdersDividends paid $24,326– Net new equityraised 15,600Cash flow tostockholders $8,726Answers to questions1.The firm had positive earnings in an accounting sense (NI > 0) and hadpositive cash flow from operations. The firm invested $17,611 in new netC-26 CASE SOLUTIONSworking capital and $74,492 in new fixed assets. The firm gave $5,631 to its stakeholders. It raised $3,094 from bondholders, and paid $8,726 to stockholders.2.The expansion plans may be a little risky. The company does have a positivecash flow, but a large portion of the operating cash flow is already going to capital spending. The company has had to raise capital from creditors and stockholders for its current operations. So, the expansion plans may be too aggressive at this time. On the other hand, companies do need capital to grow. Before investing or loaning the company money, you would want to know where the current capital spending is going, and why the company is spending so much in this area already.CHAPTER 3RATIOS ANALYSIS AT S&S AIR1.The calculations for the ratios listed are:Current ratio = $2,186,520 / $2,919,000Current ratio = 0.75 timesQuick ratio = ($2,186,250 – 1,037,120) / $2,919,000Quick ratio = 0.39 timesCash ratio = $441,000 / $2,919,000Cash ratio = 0.15 timesTotal asset turnover = $30,499,420 / $18,308,920Total asset turnover = 1.67 timesInventory turnover = $22,224,580 / $1,037,120Inventory turnover = 21.43 timesReceivables turnover = $30,499,420 / $708,400Receivables turnover = 43.05 timesTotal debt ratio = ($18,308,920 – 10,069,920) / $18,308,920 Total debt ratio = 0.45 timesDebt-equity ratio = ($2,919,000 + 5,320,000) / $10,069,920C-26 CASE SOLUTIONSDebt-equity ratio = 0.82 timesEquity multiplier = $18,308,920 / $10,069,920Equity multiplier = 1.82 timesTimes interest earned = $3,040,660 / $478,240Times interest earned = 6.36 timesCash coverage = ($3,040,660 + 1,366,680) / $478,420 Cash coverage = 9.22 timesProfit margin = $1,537,452 / $30,499,420Profit margin = 5.04%Return on assets = $1,537,452 / $18,308,920Return on assets = 8.40%Return on equity = $1,537,452 / $10,069,920Return on equity = 15.27%CHAPTER 3 C-11 2. Boeing is probably not a good aspirant company. Even though bothcompanies manufacture airplanes, S&S Air manufactures small airplanes, while Boeing manufactures large, commercial aircraft. These are two different markets. Additionally, Boeing is heavily involved in the defense industry, as well as Boeing Capital, which finances airplanes.Bombardier is a Canadian company that builds business jets, short-range airliners and fire-fighting amphibious aircraft and also provides defense-related services. It is the third largest commercial aircraft manufacturer in the world. Embraer is a Brazilian manufacturer than manufactures commercial, military, and corporate airplanes. Additionally, the Brazilian government is a part owner of the company. Bombardier and Embraer are probably not good aspirant companies because of the diverse range of products and manufacture of larger aircraft.Cirrus is the world's second largest manufacturer of single-engine, piston-powered aircraft. Its SR22 is the world's best selling plane in its class. The company is noted for its innovative small aircraft and is a good aspirant company.Cessna is a well known manufacturer of small airplanes. The company produces business jets, freight- and passenger-hauling utility Caravans, personal and small-business single engine pistons. It may be a good aspirant company, however, its products could be considered too broad and diversified since S&S Air produces only small personal airplanes.3. S&S is below the median industry ratios for the current and cash ratios.This implies the company has less liquidity than the industry in general.However, both ratios are above the lower quartile, so there are companiesC-26 CASE SOLUTIONSin the industry with lower liquidity ratios than S&S Air. The company may have more predictable cash flows, or more access to short-term borrowing.If you created an Inventory to Current liabilities ratio, S&S Air would havea ratio that is lower than the industry median. The current ratio is below theindustry median, while the quick ratio is above the industry median. This implies that S&S Air has less inventory to current liabilities than the industry median. S&S Air has less inventory than the industry median, but more accounts receivable than the industry since the cash ratio is lower than the industry median.The turnover ratios are all higher than the industry median; in fact, all three turnover ratios are above the upper quartile. This may mean that S&S Air is more efficient than the industry.The financial leverage ratios are all below the industry median, but above the lower quartile. S&S Air generally has less debt than comparable companies, but still within the normal range.The profit margin, ROA, and ROE are all slightly below the industry median, however, not dramatically lower. The company may want to examine its costs structure to determine if costs can be reduced, or price can be increased.Overall, S&S Air’s performance seems good, although the liquidity ratios indicate that a closer look may be needed in this area.CHAPTER 3 C-11 Below is a list of possible reasons it may be good or bad that each ratio is higher or lower than the industry. Note that the list is not exhaustive, but merely one possible explanation for each ratio.Ratio Good BadCurrent ratio Better at managingcurrent accounts. May be having liquidity problems.Quick ratio Better at managingcurrent accounts. May be having liquidity problems.Cash ratio Better at managingcurrent accounts. May be having liquidity problems.Total asset turnover Better at utilizing assets. Assets may be older anddepreciated, requiringextensive investmentsoon.Inventory turnover Better at inventorymanagement, possibly dueto better procedures.Could be experiencinginventory shortages.Receivables turnover Better at collectingreceivables.May have credit termsthat are too strict.Decreasing receivablesturnover may increasesales.Total debt ratio Less debt than industrymedian means thecompany is less likely toexperience creditproblems. Increasing the amount of debt can increase shareholder returns. Especially notice that it will increase ROE.Debt-equity Less debt than industry Increasing the amount ofC-26 CASE SOLUTIONSratio median means thecompany is less likely toexperience creditproblems. debt can increase shareholder returns. Especially notice that it will increase ROE.Equity multiplier Less debt than industrymedian means thecompany is less likely toexperience creditproblems.Increasing the amount ofdebt can increaseshareholder returns.Especially notice that itwill increase ROE.TIE Higher quality materialscould be increasing costs. The company may have more difficulty meeting interest payments in a downturn.Cash coverage Less debt than industrymedian means thecompany is less likely toexperience creditproblems. Increasing the amount of debt can increase shareholder returns. Especially notice that it will increase ROE.Profit margin The PM is slightly belowthe industry median. Itcould be a result of higherquality materials or bettermanufacturing. Company may be having trouble controlling costs.ROA Company may have newerassets than the industry. Company may have newer assets than the industry.ROE Lower profit margin maybe a result of higherquality. Profit margin and EM are lower than industry, which results in the lower ROE.CHAPTER 4PLANNING FOR GROWTH AT S&S AIR1.To calculate the internal growth rate, we first need to find the ROA and theretention ratio, so:ROA = NI / TAROA = $1,537,452 / $18,309,920ROA = .0840 or 8.40%b = Addition to RE / NIb = $977,452 / $1,537,452b = 0.64Now we can use the internal growth rate equation to get:Internal growth rate = (ROA × b) / [1 – (ROA × b)]Internal growth rate = [0.0840(.64)] / [1 – 0.0840(.64)]Internal growth rate = .0564 or 5.64%To find the sustainable growth rate, we need the ROE, which is:ROE = NI / TEROE = $1,537,452 / $10,069,920ROE = .1527 or 15.27%C-26 CASE SOLUTIONSUsing the retention ratio we previously calculated, the sustainable growth rate is:Sustainable growth rate = (ROE × b) / [1 – (ROE × b)]Sustainable growth rate = [0.1527(.64)] / [1 – 0.1527(.64)]Sustainable growth rate = .1075 or 10.75%The internal growth rate is the growth rate the company can achieve with no outside financing of any sort. The sustainable growth rate is the growth rate the company can achieve by raising outside debt based on its retained earnings and current capital structure.CHAPTER 4 C-21 2.Pro forma financial statements for next year at a 12 percent growth rate are:Income statementSales $ 34,159,35COGS 24,891,530 Other expenses 4,331,600 Depreciation 1,366,680EBIT $ 3,569,541Interest 478,240Taxable income $ 3,091,301Taxes (40%) 1,236,520Net income $ 1,854,78Dividends $ 675,583C-26 CASE SOLUTIONSAdd to RE 1,179,197Balance sheetAssets Liabilities & EquityCurrent Assets Current LiabilitiesCash $ 493,92AccountsPayable $ 995,680Accounts rec. 793,408 Notes Payable 2,030,000 Inventory 1,161,574 Total CL $ 3,025,680 Total CA $ 2,448,902Long-term debt $ 5,320,000ShareholderEquityCommon stock $ 350,000Fixed assets Retainedearnings 10,899,117Net PP&E $ 18,057,088 Total Equity $ 11,249,117Total Assets $ 20,505,990 Total L&E $ 19,594,787CHAPTER 4 C-21 So, the EFN is:EFN = Total assets – Total liabilities and equityEFN = $20,505,990 – 19,594,797EFN = $911,193The company can grow at this rate by changing the way it operates. For example, if profit margin increases, say by reducing costs, the ROE increases, it will increase the sustainable growth rate. In general, as long as the company increases the profit margin, total asset turnover, or equity multiplier, the higher growth rate is possible. Note however, that changing any one of these will have the effect of changing the pro forma financial statements.C-26 CASE SOLUTIONS3.Now we are assuming the company can only build in amounts of $5 million.We will assume that the company will go ahead with the fixed asset acquisition. To estimate the new depreciation charge, we will find the current depreciation as a percentage of fixed assets, then, apply this percentage to the new fixed assets. The depreciation as a percentage of assets this year was:Depreciation percentage = $1,366,680 / $16,122,400Depreciation percentage = .0848 or 8.48%The new level of fixed assets with the $5 million purchase will be:New fixed assets = $16,122,400 + 5,000,000 = $21,122,400So, the pro forma depreciation will be:Pro forma depreciation = .0848($21,122,400)Pro forma depreciation = $1,790,525We will use this amount in the pro forma income statement. So, the pro forma income statement will be:Income statementSales $ 34,159,35COGS 24,891,530 Other expensesCHAPTER 4 C-214,331,600Depreciation 1,790,525EBIT $ 3,145,696Interest 478,240Taxable income $ 2,667,456Taxes (40%) 1,066,982Net income $ 1,600,473Dividends $ 582,955Add to RE 1,017,519C-26 CASE SOLUTIONSThe pro forma balance sheet will remain the same except for the fixed asset and equity accounts. The fixed asset account will increase by $5 million, rather than the growth rate of sales.Balance sheetAssets Liabilities & EquityCurrent Assets Current LiabilitiesCash $ 493,92AccountsPayable $ 995,680Accounts rec. 793,408 Notes Payable 2,030,000 Inventory 1,161,574 Total CL $ 3,025,680 Total CA $ 2,448,902Long-term debt $ 5,320,000ShareholderEquityCommon stock $ 350,000Fixed assets Retainedearnings 10,737,439Net PP&E $ 21,122,400 Total Equity $ 11,087,439Total Assets $ 23,571,302 Total L&E $ 19,433,119CHAPTER 4 C-21 So, the EFN is:EFN = Total assets – Total liabilities and equityEFN = $23,581,302 – 19,433,119EFN = $4,138,184Since the fixed assets have increased at a faster percentage than sales, the capacity utilization for next year will decrease.CHAPTER 6THE MBA DECISION1. Age is obviously an important factor. The younger an individual is, the moretime there is for the (hopefully) increased salary to offset the cost of the decision to return to school for an MBA. The cost includes both the explicit costs such as tuition, as well as the opportunity cost of the lost salary.2. Perhaps the most important nonquantifiable factors would be whether ornot he is married and if he has any children. With a spouse and/or children, he may be less inclined to return for an MBA since his family may be less amenable to the time and money constraints imposed by classes. Other factors would include his willingness and desire to pursue an MBA, job satisfaction, and how important the prestige of a job is to him, regardless of the salary.3.He has three choices: remain at his current job, pursue a Wilton MBA, orpursue a Mt. Perry MBA. In this analysis, room and board costs are irrelevant since presumably they will be the same whether he attends college or keeps his current job. We need to find the aftertax value of each, so:Remain at current job:Aftertax salary = $55,000(1 – .26) = $40,700CHAPTER 6 C-27 His salary will grow at 3 percent per year, so the present value of his aftertax salary is:PV = C {1 – [(1 + g)/(1 + r)]t} / (r–g)]PV = $40,700{[1 – [(1 +.065)/(1 + .03)]38} / (.065 – .03)PV = $836,227.34Wilton MBA:Costs:Total direct costs = $63,000 + 2,500 + 3,000 = $68,500PV of direct costs = $68,500 + 68,500 / (1.065) = $132,819.25PV of indirect costs (lost salary) = $40,700 / (1.065) + $40,700(1 + .03) / (1 + .065)2 = $75,176.00Salary:PV of aftertax bonus paid in 2 years = $15,000(1 –.31) / 1.0652= $9,125.17Aftertax salary = $98,000(1 – .31) = $67,620C-26 CASE SOLUTIONSHis salary will grow at 4 percent per year. We must also remember that he will now only work for 36 years, so the present value of his aftertax salary is: PV = C {1 – [(1 + g)/(1 + r)]t} / (r–g)]PV = $67,620{[1 – [(1 +.065)/(1 + .04)]36} / (.065 – .04)PV = $1,554,663.22Since the first salary payment will be received three years from today, so we need to discount this for two years to find the value today, which will be: PV = $1,544,663.22 / 1.0652PV = $1,370,683.26So, the total value of a Wilton MBA is:Value = –$75,160 – 132,819.25 + 9,125.17 + 1,370,683.26 =$1,171,813.18Mount Perry MBA:Costs:Total direct costs = $78,000 + 3,500 + 3,000 = $86,500. Note, this is also the PV of the direct costs since they are all paid today.PV of indirect costs (lost salary) = $40,700 / (1.065) = $38,215.96Salary:CHAPTER 6 C-27 PV of aftertax bonus paid in 1 year = $10,000(1 – .29) / 1.065 = $6,666.67 Aftertax salary = $81,000(1 – .29) = $57,510His salary will grow at 3.5 percent per year. We must also remember that he will now only work for 37 years, so the present value of his aftertax salary is: PV = C {1 – [(1 + g)/(1 + r)]t} / (r–g)]PV = $57,510{[1 – [(1 +.065)/(1 + .035)]37} / (.065 – .035)PV = $1,250,991.81Since the first salary payment will be received two years from today, so we need to discount this for one year to find the value today, which will be:PV = $1,250,991.81 / 1.065PV = $1,174,640.20So, the total value of a Mount Perry MBA is:Value = –$86,500 – 38,215.96 + 6,666.67 + 1,174,640.20 = $1,056,590.90C-26 CASE SOLUTIONS4.He is somewhat correct. Calculating the future value of each decision willresult in the option with the highest present value having the highest future value. Thus, a future value analysis will result in the same decision. However, his statement that a future value analysis is the correct method is wrong since a present value analysis will give the correct answer as well.5. To find the salary offer he would need to make the Wilton MBA asfinancially attractive as the as the current job, we need to take the PV of his current job, add the costs of attending Wilton, and the PV of the bonus on an aftertax basis. So, the necessary PV to make the Wilton MBA the same as his current job will be:PV = $836,227.34 + 132,819.25 + 75,176.00 – 9,125.17 = $1,035,097.42This PV will make his current job exactly equal to the Wilton MBA on a financial basis. Since his salary will still be a growing annuity, the aftertax salary needed is:PV = C {1 – [(1 + g)/(1 + r)]t} / (r–g)]$1,035,097.42 = C {[1 – [(1 +.065)/(1 + .04)]36} / (.065 – .04)C = $45,021.51This is the aftertax salary. So, the pretax salary must be:Pretax salary = $45,021.51 / (1 – .31) = $65,248.576.The cost (interest rate) of the decision depends on the riskiness of the use offunds, not the source of the funds. Therefore, whether he can pay cash orCHAPTER 6 C-27 must borrow is irrelevant. This is an important concept which will be discussed further in capital budgeting and the cost of capital in later chapters.CHAPTER 7FINANCING S&S AIR’S EXPANSION PLANS WITH A BOND ISSUEA rule of thumb with bond provisions is to determine who benefits by theprovision. If the company benefits, the bond will have a higher coupon rate.If the bondholders benefit, the bond will have a lower coupon rate.1. A bond with collateral will have a lower coupon rate. Bondholders have theclaim on the collateral, even in bankruptcy. Collateral provides an asset that bondholders can claim, which lowers their risk in default. The downside of collateral is that the company generally cannot sell the asset used as collateral, and they will generally have to keep the asset in good working order.2.The more senior the bond is, the lower the coupon rate. Senior bonds getfull payment in bankruptcy proceedings before subordinated bonds receive any payment. A potential problem may arise in that the bond covenant may restrict the company from issuing any future bonds senior to the current bonds.3. A sinking fund will reduce the coupon rate because it is a partial guaranteeto bondholders. The problem with a sinking fund is that the company must make the interim payments into a sinking fund or face default. This means the company must be able to generate these cash flows.4. A provision with a specific call date and prices would increase the couponrate. The call provision would only be used when it is to the company’s advantage, thus the bondholder’s disadvantage. The downside is theCHAPTER 7 C-29 higher coupon rate. The company benefits by being able to refinance at a lower rate if interest rates fall significantly, that is, enough to offset the call provision cost.5. A deferred call would reduce the coupon rate relative to a call provision witha deferred call. The bond will still have a higher rate relative to a plain vanillabond. The deferred call means that the company cannot call the bond for a specified period. This offers the bondholders protection for this period. The disadvantage of a deferred call is that the company cannot call the bond during the call protection period. Interest rates could potentially fall to the point where it would be beneficial for the company to call the bond, yet the company is unable to do so.6. A make-whole call provision should lower the coupon rate in comparison toa call provision with specific dates since the make-whole call repays thebondholder the present value of the future cash flows. However, a make-whole call provision should not affect the coupon rate in comparison to a plain vanilla bond. Since the bondholders are made whole, they should be indifferent between a plain vanilla bond and a make-whole bond. If a bond with a make-whole provision is called, bondholders receive the market value of the bond, which they can reinvest in another bond with similar characteristics. If we compare this to a bond with a specific call price, investors rarely receive the full market value of the future cash flows.CASE 3 C-30 7. A positive covenant would reduce the coupon rate. The presence of positivecovenants protects bondholders by forcing the company to undertake actions that benefit bondholders. Examples of positive covenants would be: the company must maintain audited financial statements; the company must maintain a minimum specified level of working capital or a minimum specified current ratio; the company must maintain any collateral in good working order. The negative side of positive covenants is that the company is restricted in its actions. The positive covenant may force the company into actions in the future that it would rather not undertake.8. A negative covenant would reduce the coupon rate. The presence ofnegative covenants protects bondholders from actions by the company that would harm the bondholders. Remember, the goal of a corporation is to maximize shareholder wealth. This says nothing about bondholders.Examples of negative covenants would be: the company cannot increase dividends, or at least increase beyond a specified level; the company cannot issue new bonds senior to the current bond issue; the company cannot sell any collateral. The downside of negative covenants is the restriction of the company’s actions.9.Even though the company is not public, a conversion feature would likelylower the coupon rate. The conversion feature would permit bondholders to benefit if the company does well and also goes public. The downside is that the company may be selling equity at a discounted price.10. The downside of a floating-rate coupon is that if interest rates rise, thecompany has to pay a higher interest rate. However, if interest rates fall, the company pays a lower interest rate.CHAPTER 8STOCK VALUATION AT RAGAN, INC.1.The total dividends paid by the company were $126,000. Since there are100,000 shares outstanding, the total earnings for the company were: Total earnings = 100,000($4.54) = $454,000This means the payout ratio was:Payout ratio = $126,000/$454,000 = 0.28So, the retention ratio was:Retention ratio = 1 – .28 = 0.72Using the retention ratio, the company’s growth rate is:g = ROE × b = 0.25*(.72) = .1806 or 18.06%The dividend per share paid this year was:= $63,000 / 50,000D= $1.26DNow we can find the stock price, which is:C-84 CASE SOLUTIONSP 0 = D 1 / (R – g )P 0 = $1.26(1.1806) / (.20 – .1806)P 0 = $76.752.Since Expert HVAC had a write off which affected its earnings per share, we need to recalculate the industry EPS. So, the industry EPS is:Industry EPS = ($0.79 + 1.38 + 1.06) / 3 = $1.08Using this industry EPS, the industry payout ratio is:Industry payout ratio = $0.40/$1.08 = .3715 or 37.15%So, the industry retention ratio isIndustry retention ratio = 1 – .3715 = .6285 or 62.85%。
《公司理财》课后习题答案
《公司理财》考试范围：第3~7章，第13章，第16~19章，其中第16章和18章为较重点章节。
书上例题比较重要，大家记得多多动手练练。
PS：书中课后例题不出，大家可以当习题练练~考试题型：1.单选题10分 2.判断题10分 3.证明题10分 4.计算分析题60分 5.论述题10分注：第13章没有答案第一章1.在所有权形式的公司中,股东是公司的所有者。
股东选举公司的董事会,董事会任命该公司的管理层。
企业的所有权和控制权分离的组织形式是导致的代理关系存在的主要原因。
管理者可能追求自身或别人的利益最大化,而不是股东的利益最大化。
在这种环境下,他们可能因为目标不一致而存在代理问题。
2.非营利公司经常追求社会或政治任务等各种目标。
非营利公司财务管理的目标是获取并有效使用资金以最大限度地实现组织的社会使命。
3.这句话是不正确的。
管理者实施财务管理的目标就是最大化现有股票的每股价值，当前的股票价值反映了短期和长期的风险、时间以及未来现金流量。
4.有两种结论。
一种极端,在市场经济中所有的东西都被定价。
因此所有目标都有一个最优水平，包括避免不道德或非法的行为，股票价值最大化。
另一种极端,我们可以认为这是非经济现象,最好的处理方式是通过政治手段。
一个经典的思考问题给出了这种争论的答案:公司估计提高某种产品安全性的成本是30美元万。
然而,该公司认为提高产品的安全性只会节省20美元万。
请问公司应该怎么做呢”5.财务管理的目标都是相同的,但实现目标的最好方式可能是不同的,因为不同的国家有不同的社会、政治环境和经济制度。
6.管理层的目标是最大化股东现有股票的每股价值。
如果管理层认为能提高公司利润，使股价超过35美元,那么他们应该展开对恶意收购的斗争。
如果管理层认为该投标人或其它未知的投标人将支付超过每股35美元的价格收购公司,那么他们也应该展开斗争。
然而,如果管理层不能增加企业的价值,并且没有其他更高的投标价格,那么管理层不是在为股东的最大化权益行事。
《公司理财》习题及答案.doc
《公司理财》习题答案第一章公司理财概论案例：华旗股份公司基本财务状况华旗股份有限公司，其前身是华旗饮料厂，创办于20世纪80年代，当时是当地最大的饮料企业，生产的“华旗汽水”是当地的名牌产品，市场占有率较高。
2003年改组为华旗股份有限公司，总股本2 500万股。
公司章程中规定，公司净利润按以下顺序分配：(1)弥补上一年度亏损；(2) 提取10%的法定公积金；(3)提取15%任意公积金；(4)支付股东股利。
公司实行同股同权的分配政策。
公司董事会在每年会计年度结束后提出分配预案，报股东大会批准实施。
除股东大会另有决议外，股利每年派发一次，在每个会计年度结束后六个月内，按股东持股比例进行分配。
当董事会认为必要时，在提请股东大会讨论通过后，可増派年度屮期股利。
随着市场经济的不断深化，我国饮品市场发展越来越迅猛，全球市场--体化趋势在饮品市场尤为突出，一些国内外知名饮品，如可口可乐、百事可乐、汇源等，不断涌入木地市场，饮品行业竞争日益激烈。
华旗公司的市场占有率不断降低，经营业绩也随之不断下降，公司管理层对此忧心忡忡，认为应该对华旗公司各个方面进行重新定位，其中包括股利政策。
华旗公司于2015年1月15 FI召开董事会会议，要求公司的总会计师对公司目前财务状况做出分析，同时提出新的财务政策方案，以供董事会讨论。
总会计师为此召集有关人员进行了深入细致的调查，获得了以下有关资料：(-)我国饮品行业状况近几年我国饮品行业发展迅速，在国民经济各行业中走在了前列，冃前市场竞争非常激烈，但市场并没有饱和。
从资料看，欧洲每年人均各类饮品消费量为200公斤，我国每年人均消费各种饮料还不到10公斤。
可见，我国饮品仍有着巨大的市场潜力。
果味饮料、碳酸饮料市场日趋畏缩，绿色无污染保健饮品、纯果汁饮品、植物蛋白饮品，以及茶饮品，正在成为饮品家族的新牛力量，在市场上崭露头角，市场潜力巨大。
(-)华旗公司目前经营状况公司目前的主要能力主要用于三大类产品，其中40%的生产能力用于生产传统产品——碳酸饮料和果味饮料；50%的生产能力用于生产第二大类产品——矿泉水和瓶装纯净水，是公司目前利润的主要来源。
(完整版)公司理财习题及答案
C ．分工理论．投资组合理论1.5.1 单项选择题1 ．不能偿还到期债务是威胁企业生存的（ ）。
A ．外在原因B ．内在原因C ．直接原因D ．间接原因 2．下列属于有关竞争环境的原则的是（）。
A ．净增效 益原则B ．比较 优势 原则C ．期权 原则D ．自利行为原则3．属于信号传递原则进一步运用的原则是指（ ）4 ．从公司当局可控因素来看，影响报酬率和风险的财务活动是 （ ）。
A ．筹资活动B ．投资活动C ．营运活动D ．分配活动 5 ．自利行为原则的依据是（ ）。
A ．理性的经济人假设B ．商业交易至少有两方、交易是“零和 博弈”，以及各方都是自利的6 ．下列关于“有价值创意原则”的表述中，错误的是（习题一A ． 自 利行 为 原 则D ．期权原则B ．比较优势原 则C . 引 导原则A ．任何一项创新的优势都是暂时的B ．新的创意可能会减少现有项目的价值或者使它变得毫无意义C ．金融资产投资活动是“有价值创意原则”的主要应用领域D ．成功的筹资很少能使企业取得非凡的获利能力7 ．通货膨胀时期，企业应优先考虑的资金来源是（）A ．长期负债B ．流动负债C ．发行新股D ．留存收、人益8．股东和经营者发生冲突的根本原因在于（）。
A ．具体行为目标不一致B ．掌握的信息不一致C ．利益动机不同D ，在企业中的地位不同9 ．双方交易原则没有提到的是（）。
A ．每一笔交易都至少存在两方，双方都会遵循自利行为原则B ．在财务决策时要正确预见对方的反映C ．在财务交易时要考虑税收的影响D ．在财务交易时要以“自我为中心”10．企业价值最大化目标强调的是企业的（）A ．预计获利能力B ．现有生产能力C ．潜在销售能力D ．实际获利能力11．债权人为了防止其利益受伤害，通常采取的措施不包括（）。
A ．寻求立法保护B ．规定资金的用途C ．提前收回借款D ．不允许发行新股12．理性的投资者应以公司的行为作为判断未来收益状况的依据是基于（）的要求。
《公司理财》教材习题答案
第一章现代公司制度一、名词解释：1.合伙制企业：合伙企业是依法设立，由各合伙人订立合伙协议，共同出资，合伙经营，共享收益，共担风险，并对合伙企业债务承担无限连带责任的营利组织。
合伙制企业分为两大类：一般合伙制和有限合伙制。
在一般合伙制企业中，所有合伙人共同提供一定比例的工作和资金，并且分享相应的利润或亏损，每一个合伙人承担合伙制企业中的相应债务。
具体的合作模式由合伙人的协议来规定。
在一般合伙制当中，所有合伙人都承担债务的无限责任。
有限合伙制允许某些合伙人的责任仅限于其在合伙制企业的出资额。
在有限合伙制下，通常要求至少有一人为一般合伙人，并且有限合伙人不参与企业管理。
国外很多基金管理公司是以有限合伙的形式存在的。
合伙企业特点：①有两个以上所有者(出资者)。
②合伙人对企业债务承担连带无限责任。
③合伙人通常按照他们对合伙企业的出资比例分享利润或分担亏损。
④合伙企业本身一般不交纳企业所得税。
其收益直接分配给合伙人。
石油、天然气勘探和房地产开发企业通常按合伙企业组织形式组建。
合伙企业的价值是合伙人转让其出资可以得到的现金。
合伙企业优点：创建容易，成本较低。
合伙企业缺点：与个体企业类似，筹资难，无限债务，有限寿命，难转移所有权。
2.公司制企业：公司是依据一国公司法组建的、具有法人地位的、以盈利为目的的企业组织形式。
公司制具有两个主要特点。
第一，公司就是法人。
公司是一个法人团体，具有法人地位，具有与自然人相同的民事行为能力。
这是现代公司制的根本特点。
公司是由出资者(股东)入股组成的法人团体，没有意识和意志，由所有者、董事会和高级执行者经理组成的组织机构，在其法人财产基础上营运。
所有者将自己的资产交由公司董事会托管；公司董事会是公司的最高决策机构，拥有对高级经理人员的聘用、奖惩以及解雇权，高级经理人员受雇于董事会，组成在董事会领导下的执行机构，在董事会的授权范围内经营企业。
第二，公司对自己的行为负有限责任。
公司是以责任形式设立的，容纳各方面授资者的投资。
《公司理财》习题及标准答案
《公司理财》习题及答案————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《公司理财》习题答案第一章公司理财概论案例：华旗股份公司基本财务状况华旗股份有限公司，其前身是华旗饮料厂，创办于20世纪80年代，当时是当地最大的饮料企业，生产的“华旗汽水”是当地的名牌产品，市场占有率较高。
2003年改组为华旗股份有限公司，总股本2 500万股。
公司章程中规定，公司净利润按以下顺序分配：（1）弥补上一年度亏损；（2）提取10%的法定公积金；（3）提取15%任意公积金；（4）支付股东股利。
公司实行同股同权的分配政策。
公司董事会在每年会计年度结束后提出分配预案，报股东大会批准实施。
除股东大会另有决议外，股利每年派发一次，在每个会计年度结束后六个月内，按股东持股比例进行分配。
当董事会认为必要时，在提请股东大会讨论通过后，可增派年度中期股利。
随着市场经济的不断深化，我国饮品市场发展越来越迅猛，全球市场一体化趋势在饮品市场尤为突出，一些国内外知名饮品，如可口可乐、百事可乐、汇源等，不断涌入本地市场，饮品行业竞争日益激烈。
华旗公司的市场占有率不断降低，经营业绩也随之不断下降，公司管理层对此忧心忡忡，认为应该对华旗公司各个方面进行重新定位，其中包括股利政策。
华旗公司于2015年1月15日召开董事会会议，要求公司的总会计师对公司目前财务状况做出分析，同时提出新的财务政策方案，以供董事会讨论。
总会计师为此召集有关人员进行了深入细致的调查，获得了以下有关资料：（一）我国饮品行业状况近几年我国饮品行业发展迅速，在国民经济各行业中走在了前列，目前市场竞争非常激烈，但市场并没有饱和。
从资料看，欧洲每年人均各类饮品消费量为200公斤，我国每年人均消费各种饮料还不到10公斤。
可见，我国饮品仍有着巨大的市场潜力。
果味饮料、碳酸饮料市场日趋畏缩，绿色无污染保健饮品、纯果汁饮品、植物蛋白饮品，以及茶饮品，正在成为饮品家族的新生力量，在市场上崭露头角，市场潜力巨大。