重型汽车维修手册

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汽车维修手册.pdf_1702094884.5274398说明书

IndexAccessories and Modifications.... 123Accessories and Modifications.... 123Accessories................................. 123Additional Safety Precaution.... 124Modifications............................. 124ACCESSORY (Ignition KeyPosition)........................................ 70AddingAutomatic TransmissionFluid........................................ 176Brake Fluid................................. 177Clutch Fluid................................ 179Engine Coolant........................... 170Engine Oil................................... 165Manual Transmission Fluid ..... 177Power Steering Fluid................. 179Windshield Washer Fluid......... 175Additional Information AboutYour Seat Belts........................ 42Lap Belt......................................... 43Lap/Shoulder Belt....................... 42Seat Belt Maintenance................ 44Seat Belt System Components (42)Additional Information AboutYour SRS................................... 45Additional Safety Precautions.... 48How the SRS Indicator LightWorks....................................... 47How Your Airbags Work............ 45SRS Components......................... 45Additives, Engine Oil..................... 167AdjustmentsHeadlights.................................. 198Head Restraints........................... 75Mirrors.......................................... 80Seats.............................................. 75Steering Wheel............................ 65Airbag (SRS) ...................................... 9Air Cleaner Element...................... 180Air Conditioning............................... 88Maintenance............................... 188Usage........................................... 88Air Outlets (Vents).......................... 90Air Pressure, Tires........................ 190Alcohol in Gasoline........................ 249Aluminum Wheels, Cleaning........ 211Antifreeze....................................... 170Anti-lock Brakes (ABS)Indicator Light.....................55, 142Operation.................................... 140Anti-theft Steering ColumnLock.............................................. 70Appearance Care........................... 209Ashtrays............................................ 85Audio System................................... 96Automatic Speed Control................ 66Automatic Transmission............... 134Capacity, Fluid........................... 245Checking Fluid Level................ 176Shifting........................................ 134Shift Lever Position Indicator.. 134Shift Lever Positions................. 134Shift Lock Release (137)BatteryCharging SystemIndicator............................ 54, 230Jump Starting............................. 225Maintenance............................... 184Specifications............................. 245Before Driving (87)CONTINUEDIndexBelts, Seat (8)Beverage Holder (83)Body Repair (215)BrakesAnti-lock System (ABS) (140)Break-in, New Linings (116)Fluid (177)Light, Burned-out (202)Parking (81)System Indicator................. 54, 232Wear Indicators (139)Brakes, ABS Operation (140)System Indicator................. 55, 142Braking System (139)Break-in, New Car (116)Brightness Control, Instruments (62)Brights, Headlights (61)Bulb ReplacementBack-up Lights (205)Brake Lights (202)Ceiling Light (206)Front Parking Lights (201)Front Side Marker Lights (201)Headlights (200)High-mount Brake Light (202)License Plate Lights (205)Rear Side Marker Lights (202)Specifications (245)Spotlights (206)Trunk Light (207)Turn Signal Lights (201)Bulbs, Halogen (200)Cables, Jump Starting With (225)Capacities Chart (244)Carbon Monoxide Hazard (49)Carrying Cargo (124)Cassette PlayerCare (112)Operation (109)CAUTION, Explanation of (ii)CD Changer (105)CD Player (103)Certification Label (242)Chains (195)Change OilHow to (168)When to (156)Changing a Flat Tire (219)Changing Engine Coolant (170)Charging System Indicator...54,230CheckingAutomatic TransmissionFluid (176)Battery Condition (184)Brake Fluid (177)Clutch Fluid (179)Drive Belts (189)Engine Coolant (121)Engine Oil (120)Fuses (235)Manual Transmission Fluid (177)Power Steering Fluid (179)Checklist, Before Driving (130)Childproof Door Locks (72)Cleaner, Air (180)CleaningExterior (210)Interior (212)Seat Belts (212)Vinyl (212)Windows (213)Clock, Setting the (82)Clutch Fluid (179)CO in the Exhaust.........................251IndexCold Weather, Starting in (131)Compact Spare............................... 218Console Compartment.................... 84Consumer Information*................ 256Controls, Instruments and.. (51)CoolantAdding......................................... 170Checking..................................... 121Proper Solution.......................... 170Replacing.................................... 172Temperature Gauge.. (58)Corrosion Protection..................... 214Crankcase Emissions ControlSystem......................................... 251Cruise Control Operation............... 66Customer Relations Office.. (256)DANGER, Explanation of................. ii Dashboard....................................... 52Dead Battery, What to Do............ 225Defects, Reporting Safety............. 258Defog and Defrost........................... 94Defogger, Rear Window................. 64Defrosting the Windows.. (94)DEXRON ® III AutomaticTransmission Fluid.................... 176Dimensions..................................... 244Dimming the Headlights. (61)DipstickAutomatic Transmission (176)Engine Oil................................... 120Directional Signals........................... 62Disabled, Towing Your Car If...... 239Disc Brake Wear Indicators......... 139Disposal of Used Oil...................... 169DoorsLocking and Unlocking............... 71Open Indicator............................. 55Power Door Locks....................... 71DOT Tire Quality Grading........... 247Downshifting, 5-speed ManualTransmission.............................. 132Driver and Passenger Safety............ 5Drive Belts...................................... 189Driving............................................ 129Economy..................................... 122In Bad Weather.. (143)In Foreign Countries (250)Economy, Fuel (122)Emergencies on the Road............. 217Battery, Jump Starting.............. 225Brake System Indicator............ 232Changing a Flat Tire................. 219Charging System Indicator...... 230Checking the Fuses................... 235Low Oil Pressure Indicator...... 229Malfunction Indicator Lamp.... 231Manually Closing Moonroof.... 233Overheated Engine................... 227Emergency Brake............................ 81Emergency Flashers....................... 64Emissions Controls........................ 251EngineCoolant Temperature Gauge..... 58Malfunction IndicatorLamp................................ 55, 231Oil Pressure Indicator......... 54, 229Oil, What Kind to Use............... 165Overheating................................ 227Specifications.. (244)CONTINUEDIndexEthanol in Gasoline ....................... 249Evaporative Emissions Controls.. 251Exhaust Fumes................................ 49Expectant Mothers, Use of SeatBelts by......................................... 19Exterior, Cleaning the. (210)Fabric, Cleaning............................. 212Fan, Interior...................................... 88Features, Comfort andConvenience................................. 87Filling the Fuel Tank..................... 117FiltersAir................................................ 180Oil................................................ 1685-speed Manual TransmissionChecking Fluid Level................ 177Shifting the................................. 132Flashers, Hazard Warning.............. 64Flat Tire, Changing a.................... 219FluidsAutomatic Transmission........... 176Brake.......................................... 177Clutch (179)Manual Transmission............... 177Power Steering........................... 179Windshield Washer................... 175FM Stereo RadioReception.................................... 101Folding Rear Seat............................ 76Foreign Countries, Driving in...... 250Four-way Flashers........................... 64Front End, Towing byEmergency Wrecker................. 239Fuel................................................. 116Fill Door and Cap....................... 117Gauge............................................ 58Octane Requirement................. 116Oxygenated................................ 249Reserve Indicator......................... 55Tank. Filling the......................... 117Fuses, Checking the. (235)Gas Mileage, Improving................ 122Gasohol.......................................... 249Gasoline.......................................... 116Fuel Reserve Indicator................ 55Gauge.. (58)Octane Requirement................. 116Tank, Filling the......................... 117Gas Station Procedures................. 117GaugesEngine Coolant Temperature .... 58Fuel............................................... 58Maintenance RequiredIndicator.................................... 59Gearshift Lever PositionsAutomatic Transmission........... 1345-speed ManualTransmission.......................... 133Glass Cleaning............................... 213Glove Box.. (74)Halogen Headlight Bulbs.............. 200Hazard Warning Flashers............... 64HeadlightsAiming......................................... 198High Beam Indicator................... 56High Beams, Turning on............ 61Low Beams, Turning on ............. 61Reminder Chime.......................... 61Replacing Halogen Bulbs .........200IndexHead Restraints............................... 75Heating and Cooling........................ 88High Altitude, Starting at.............. 131High-Low Beam Switch .................. 61High-mount Brake Light............... 202Hood Latch..................................... 181Hood, Opening the ........................ 118Horn.................................................. 60Hot Coolant, Warning about........ 170Hydraulic Clutch............................ 179Hydroplaning. (144)Identification Number, Vehicle.... 242If Your Car Has to be Towed....... 239IgnitionKeys............................................... 69Switch............................................ 69Important Safety Precautions .......... 6Indicator Lights, InstrumentPanel.............................................. 53Infant Restraint................................ 29Inflation, Proper Tire .................... 190Inside Mirror (80)LightsBulb Replacement..................... 200Indicator........................................ 53Parking.......................................... 61Turn Signal................................... 62LOCK (Ignition Key Position)....... 70LocksAnti-theft Steering Column........ 70Fuel Fill Door............................. 117Glove Box..................................... 74Power Door.................................. 71Trunk............................................ 72Low Coolant Level......................... 121Low Fuel Indicator .......................... 55Lower Gear, Downshifting to a.... 132Low Oil Pressure Indicator.... 54, 229Lubricant Specifications Chart.... 244Luggage (124)Maintenance................................... 151Owner Maintenance Checks.... 163Record.................................. 161-162CONTINUEDInspection, Tire.............................. 190Instrument Panel............................. 52Instrument Panel Brightness......... 62Interior Cleaning............................ 212Interior Light.................................... 86Introduction.. (i)Jacking up the Car......................... 220Jack, Tire....................................... 219Jump Starting (225)Keys (69)Label, Certification........................ 242Lane Change, Signaling.................. 62Lap Belt............................................. 43Lap/Shoulder Belts......................... 42Leaking of Exhaust into Car.......... 49Leather, Cleaning..........................212。

汽车维修操作手册

汽车维修操作手册第1章汽车维修基础 (5)1.1 汽车维修工具与设备 (5)1.1.1 手动工具 (5)1.1.2 电动工具 (6)1.1.3 检测设备 (6)1.1.4 液压工具 (6)1.1.5 焊接设备 (6)1.1.6 检测仪器 (6)1.2 汽车维修安全知识 (6)1.2.1 个体防护 (6)1.2.2 场所安全 (6)1.2.3 电气安全 (6)1.2.4 液压安全 (6)1.2.5 火灾预防 (6)1.3 汽车维修流程概述 (6)1.3.1 故障诊断 (7)1.3.2 维修方案制定 (7)1.3.3 零部件拆卸 (7)1.3.4 零部件检测与更换 (7)1.3.5 零部件安装 (7)1.3.6 调试与试车 (7)1.3.7 清理维修现场 (7)1.3.8 填写维修记录 (7)第2章发动机维修 (7)2.1 发动机总体结构 (7)2.1.1 发动机基本组成 (7)2.1.2 发动机类型 (8)2.2 发动机拆卸与安装 (8)2.2.1 发动机拆卸 (8)2.2.2 发动机安装 (8)2.3 发动机故障诊断与排除 (8)2.3.1 启动困难 (8)2.3.2 发动机异响 (9)2.3.3 发动机过热 (9)第3章变速器维修 (9)3.1 手动变速器维修 (9)3.1.1 维修工具与设备准备 (9)3.1.2 拆卸手动变速器 (9)3.1.3 检查与维修 (9)3.1.4 组装与安装 (9)3.2 自动变速器维修 (10)3.2.2 拆卸自动变速器 (10)3.2.3 检查与维修 (10)3.2.4 组装与安装 (10)3.3 变速器故障诊断与排除 (10)3.3.1 故障现象收集 (10)3.3.2 故障诊断 (11)3.3.3 故障排除 (11)第4章底盘维修 (11)4.1 传动系统维修 (11)4.1.1 离合器维修 (11)4.1.1.1 离合器故障诊断 (11)4.1.1.2 离合器拆卸与安装 (11)4.1.1.3 离合器片的检查与更换 (11)4.1.1.4 离合器压盘的检查与更换 (11)4.1.1.5 离合器轴承的检查与更换 (11)4.1.2 变速器维修 (11)4.1.2.1 变速器故障诊断 (11)4.1.2.2 手动变速器拆卸与安装 (11)4.1.2.3 自动变速器拆卸与安装 (11)4.1.2.4 变速器油的检查与更换 (11)4.1.2.5 变速器齿轮的检查与更换 (11)4.1.3 传动轴维修 (11)4.1.3.1 传动轴故障诊断 (12)4.1.3.2 传动轴的拆卸与安装 (12)4.1.3.3 传动轴万向节的检查与更换 (12)4.1.3.4 传动轴防尘套的检查与更换 (12)4.2 制动系统维修 (12)4.2.1 制动器维修 (12)4.2.1.1 制动器故障诊断 (12)4.2.1.2 制动器的拆卸与安装 (12)4.2.1.3 制动片（鼓式制动器）的检查与更换 (12)4.2.1.4 制动盘（盘式制动器）的检查与更换 (12)4.2.1.5 制动鼓的检查与更换 (12)4.2.2 制动主缸与制动轮缸维修 (12)4.2.2.1 制动主缸与制动轮缸故障诊断 (12)4.2.2.2 制动主缸的拆卸与安装 (12)4.2.2.3 制动轮缸的拆卸与安装 (12)4.2.2.4 制动液检查与更换 (12)4.2.3 驻车制动系统维修 (12)4.2.3.1 驻车制动系统故障诊断 (12)4.2.3.2 驻车制动器的拆卸与安装 (12)4.2.3.3 驻车制动线的检查与更换 (12)4.3 悬挂系统维修 (12)4.3.1.1 麦弗逊式悬挂故障诊断 (12)4.3.1.2 麦弗逊式悬挂部件的拆卸与安装 (12)4.3.1.3 悬挂弹簧的检查与更换 (12)4.3.1.4 悬挂减震器的检查与更换 (12)4.3.2 双叉臂式悬挂维修 (12)4.3.2.1 双叉臂式悬挂故障诊断 (12)4.3.2.2 双叉臂式悬挂部件的拆卸与安装 (12)4.3.2.3 悬挂臂的检查与更换 (13)4.3.2.4 悬挂拉杆的检查与更换 (13)4.3.3 稳定杆维修 (13)4.3.3.1 稳定杆故障诊断 (13)4.3.3.2 稳定杆的拆卸与安装 (13)4.3.3.3 稳定杆连杆的检查与更换 (13)4.3.3.4 稳定杆橡胶衬套的检查与更换 (13)第5章电气系统维修 (13)5.1 蓄电池维修与保养 (13)5.1.1 蓄电池检查 (13)5.1.2 蓄电池充电 (13)5.1.3 蓄电池更换 (13)5.2 发电机与启动机维修 (13)5.2.1 发电机检查 (13)5.2.2 发电机维修 (13)5.2.3 启动机检查 (14)5.2.4 启动机维修 (14)5.3 灯光与信号系统维修 (14)5.3.1 灯光系统维修 (14)5.3.2 信号系统维修 (14)第6章暖风与空调系统维修 (14)6.1 暖风系统维修 (14)6.1.1 暖风系统概述 (14)6.1.2 暖风系统主要部件检查与更换 (14)6.1.3 暖风系统故障排除 (15)6.2 空调系统维修 (15)6.2.1 空调系统概述 (15)6.2.2 空调系统主要部件检查与更换 (15)6.2.3 空调系统故障排除 (15)6.3 暖风与空调系统故障诊断 (15)6.3.1 故障诊断方法 (15)6.3.2 故障诊断流程 (15)6.3.3 常见故障诊断与排除 (16)第7章车身维修 (16)7.1 车身钣金修复 (16)7.1.1 车身钣金修复的基本原理 (16)7.1.3 车身钣金修复的注意事项 (16)7.2 喷涂工艺与设备 (16)7.2.1 喷涂工艺 (16)7.2.2 喷涂设备 (17)7.3 车身附件维修 (17)7.3.1 车身附件的种类 (17)7.3.2 车身附件维修方法 (17)7.3.3 车身附件维修的注意事项 (17)第8章检测设备使用 (17)8.1 故障诊断仪使用 (17)8.1.1 准备工作 (17)8.1.2 连接故障诊断仪 (18)8.1.3 选择车型及系统 (18)8.1.4 读取故障码 (18)8.1.5 故障码解析 (18)8.1.6 清除故障码 (18)8.1.7 数据流分析 (18)8.2 示波器使用 (18)8.2.1 准备工作 (18)8.2.2 连接示波器 (18)8.2.3 设置信号源 (18)8.2.4 波形分析 (18)8.2.5 测量参数 (18)8.3 传感器模拟器使用 (19)8.3.1 准备工作 (19)8.3.2 连接传感器模拟器 (19)8.3.3 设置传感器模拟器 (19)8.3.4 模拟传感器信号 (19)8.3.5 观察系统反应 (19)8.3.6 故障排除 (19)第9章汽车维护与保养 (19)9.1 日常保养项目与操作 (19)9.1.1 更换机油及机油滤清器 (19)9.1.2 检查冷却液 (19)9.1.3 检查制动系统 (19)9.1.4 检查轮胎气压和磨损 (19)9.1.5 更换空气滤清器和燃油滤清器 (19)9.1.6 检查电池和电缆 (20)9.2 季节性保养要点 (20)9.2.1 春季保养 (20)9.2.2 夏季保养 (20)9.2.3 秋季保养 (20)9.2.4 冬季保养 (20)9.3.1 检查发动机机油、冷却液、制动液和转向助力油 (20)9.3.2 检查轮胎气压、花纹深度和磨损情况 (20)9.3.3 检查制动系统 (20)9.3.4 检查悬挂系统和转向系统 (20)9.3.5 检查车内设备 (21)9.3.6 准备应急工具和备品 (21)第10章汽车维修案例解析 (21)10.1 发动机故障案例 (21)10.1.1 发动机异响案例 (21)10.1.2 发动机抖动案例 (21)10.1.3 发动机油耗过高案例 (21)10.1.4 发动机启动困难案例 (21)10.1.5 发动机水温过高案例 (21)10.2 变速器故障案例 (21)10.2.1 变速器异响案例 (21)10.2.2 变速器换挡困难案例 (21)10.2.3 变速器漏油案例 (21)10.2.4 变速器冲击案例 (21)10.2.5 变速器无法启动案例 (21)10.3 电气系统故障案例 (21)10.3.1 蓄电池故障案例 (21)10.3.2 发电机故障案例 (21)10.3.3 启动机故障案例 (21)10.3.4 灯光系统故障案例 (21)10.3.5 仪表盘故障案例 (21)10.4 车身及附件故障案例 (21)10.4.1 刮水器故障案例 (22)10.4.2 空调系统故障案例 (22)10.4.3 轮胎故障案例 (22)10.4.4 悬挂系统故障案例 (22)10.4.5 车身锈蚀案例 (22)第1章汽车维修基础1.1 汽车维修工具与设备汽车维修工作涉及各类工具与设备的使用，以下为进行汽车维修所需的主要工具与设备分类介绍。

重型汽车维修手册

重型汽车维修手册2007-02-15 12:53重型汽车将会分为公路运输车辆和工程、码头、油田、矿山等工程用车辆。

公路运输由于受国家法规的限制，将很快向多轴化、大马力方向发展。

如8x4、10x4等车型；而其他工程用车辆车型将会继续得到巩固和发展。

随着整个重型汽车市场的发展变化，其主要总成"车桥"也会随之发生变化。

在公路运输车辆向大吨位、多轴化、大马力方向发展同时，使得其驱动桥总成也向传动效率高的单级减速方向发展，也会相应带动非驱动桥，如转向前轴和承载轴的增长。

而作为双级减速的STR驱动桥将会继续巩固工程车辆的市场。

公路运输以10T及以上级单级减速驱动桥、承载轴为主；工程、港口等用车以10T级以上双级减速驱动桥为主.斯太尔平台中济南重汽、陕西重汽、重庆红岩及福田欧曼作为四强，将控制国内重卡平台30%以上的份额。

未来几年斯太尔平台的竞争将更趋激烈化。

动力转向系统转向机采用整体式液压动力转向系统。

装用引进德国ZF公司技术生产的叶片泵和转向机。

转向机仅有两种规格，以适应转向扭矩不同的全轮驱动与公路用车对转向的不同需要。

转向助力泵参数型号转速(转/分) 流量(升/分) 排量(毫升/转) 最大压力(巴) 流量检测叶片宽度(毫米) 重量(公斤) 生产厂家转速(转/分) 最大压力(巴) 最小流量(升/分)ZF7672 750-3900 6-16 13.5 130 500 50 5.5 16 4.7ZF7673 500-3500 9-20 16.5 130 500 50 6.6 19.54.3ZF7674 500-3500 12-25 20.5 130 500 50 8.0 23.54.4ZYB-1316 500-3900 16-20 16.5 130 500 50 6.6秦川机床厂动力转向系统的检查和调整转向机的拆装修理必须在规定的清洁条件下，以及必须要有一定修理技能的人员还要依据于一定的工具和设备才能完成。

汽车维修手册.pdf_1702090250.0742981说明书

IndexAccessories and Modifications.... 107Accessories................................. 107Additional Safety Precaution.... 108Modifications............................. 108ACCESSORY (Ignition KeyPosition)........................................ 67Accessory Power Socket................ 75AddingAutomatic TransmissionFluid........................................ 153Brake Fluid................................. 155Clutch Fluid................................ 155Engine Coolant........................... 147Engine Oil................................... 143Manual Transmission Fluid..... 154Power Steering Fluid................. 156Windshield Washer Fluid......... 152Additional Information AboutYour Seat Belts........................ 42Lap Belt......................................... 43Lap/Shoulder Belt....................... 42Seat Belt Maintenance................ 44Seat Belt System Components (42)Additional Information AboutYour SRS................................... 45Additional Safety Precautions.... 48How the SRS IndicatorWorks........................................ 47How Your Airbags Work............ 45SRS Components......................... 45Additives, Engine Oil..................... 144AdjustmentsHead Restraints........................... 70Mirrors.......................................... 73Seats.............................................. 69Steering Wheel............................ 65Airbag (SRS)................................ 9, 45Air Cleaner Element...................... 157Air Conditioning System................. 78Maintenance............................... 164Usage............................................. 78Air Outlets (Vents).......................... 80Air Pressure, Tires........................ 166High Speed Driving................... 167Normal Driving.......................... 167Alcohol in Gasoline........................ 220Antifreeze....................................... 147Anti-theft Steering ColumnLock (67)Appearance Care........................... 183Ashtrays (Optional)......................... 75Audio System................................... 86Automatic Transmission............... 118Capacity, Fluid........................... 216Checking Fluid Level................ 153Shifting........................................ 118Shift Position Indicator............. 118Shift Lever Positions................. 119Shift Lock Release (122)BatteryCharging SystemIndicator............................ 55, 202Jump Starting............................. 197Maintenance............................... 160Specifications............................. 217Before Driving................................. 99Belts, Seat..................................... 8, 42Beverage Holder.............................. 74Body Repairs. (188)CONTINUEDIndexBrakesBreak-in, New Linings .............. 100Fluid............................................ 154Light, Burned-out...................... 177Parking.......................................... 73System Indicator.................. 55, 204Wear Indicators......................... 124Braking System.............................. 124Break-in, New Car......................... 100Brightness Control, Instruments... 62Brights, Headlights......................... 61Bulb ReplacementBack-up Lights........................... 177Brake Light................................ 177Front Parking Lights................. 175Front Side Marker Lights......... 175Headlights.................................. 174High-mount Brake Light.......... 178Interior Light.............................. 180License Plate Lights.................. 179Rear Side Marker Lights.......... 177Specifications............................. 217Turn Signal Lights..................... 175Bulbs, Halogen. (174)Cables, Jump Starting With.......... 197Capacities Chart............................. 216Carbon Monoxide Hazard.............. 49Cargo Area Cover............................ 72Carrying Cargo.............................. 109Cassette PlayerCare............................................... 94Operation...................................... 92CAUTION, Explanation of............... ii CD Changer...................................... 95CD Player.......................................... 95Certification Label......................... 214Chains............................................. 171Change OilHow to......................................... 145When to....................................... 134Changing a Flat Tire..................... 191Changing Engine Coolant............. 149Charging System Indicator.... 55, 202CheckingAutomatic TransmissionFluid........................................ 153Battery Condition...................... 160Brake Fluid (155)Clutch Fluid................................ 155Drive Belts.................................. 165Engine Coolant........................... 105Engine Oil................................... 104Fuses.......................................... 205Manual Transmission Fluid..... 154Power Steering Fluid................. 156Checklist, Before Driving............. 114Child Safety...................................... 21Cleaner Element, Air..................... 157CleaningExterior....................................... 184Interior........................................ 186Seat Belts.................................... 186Vinyl............................................ 186Windows..................................... 187Clock, Setting the ............................ 91Clutch Fluid.................................... 155CO in the Exhaust......................... 222Cold Weather, Starting in............. 115Compact Spare............................... 190Consumer Information*................ 226Controls, Instruments and.............. 51CoolantAdding......................................... 147Checking.....................................105IndexProper Solution.......................... 147Replacing.................................... 149Temperature Gauge.................... 58Corrosion Protection..................... 187Crankcase Emissions ControlSystem......................................... 222Customer Relations Office.. (226)DANGER, Explanation of................. ii Dashboard.................................... 2, 52Daytime Running Lights................. 61Dead Battery, What to Do............ 197Defects, Reporting Safety............. 230Defog and Defrost........................... 83Defogger, Rear Window................. 64Defrosting the Windows................. 83DEXRON ® III AutomaticTransmission Fluid.................... 153Dimensions..................................... 216Dimming the Headlights................ 61DipstickAutomatic Transmission........... 153Engine Oil................................... 104Directional Signals (62)Disabled, Towing Your Car If...... 210Disc Brake Wear Indicators......... 124Disposal of Used Oil...................... 146DoorsLocking and Unlocking............... 68DOT Tire Quality Grading........... 218Downshifting, 5-speed ManualTransmission.............................. 116Drive Belts...................................... 165Driver and Passenger Safety............ 5Driving............................................ 113Economy..................................... 106In Bad Weather.......................... 126In Foreign Countries.. (221)Economy, Fuel............................... 106Emergencies on the Road............. 189Battery, Jump Starting.............. 197Brake System Indicator............ 204Changing a Flat Tire................. 191Charging System Indicator...... 202Checking the Fuses................... 206Low Oil Pressure Indicator...... 201Malfunction Indicator Lamp. (203)Overheated Engine................... 199Emergency Brake............................ 73Emergency Flashers....................... 64Emergency Towing....................... 210Emissions Controls........................ 222EngineBelts.............................................165Coolant Temperature Gauge..... 58Malfunction IndicatorLamp................................. 56, 203Oil Pressure Indicator......... 55, 201Oil, What Kind to Use............... 143Overheating................................ 199Specifications............................. 216Engine Speed Limiter .......... 117, 121Ethanolin Gasoline....................... 220Evaporative Emissions Controls.. 222Exhaust Fumes................................ 49Expectant Mothers, Use of SeatBelts by......................................... 19Exterior, Cleaning the. (184)CONTINUEDIndexFabric, Cleaning............................. 186Fan, Interior...................................... 78Features, Comfort andConvenience................................. 72Filling the Fuel Tank..................... 101FilterAir Cleaner................................. 157Oil................................................ 1455-speed Manual TransmissionChecking Fluid Level................ 154Shifting the................................. 116Flashers, Hazard Warning.............. 64Flat Tire, Changing a.................... 191FluidsAutomatic Transmission........... 153Brake........................................... 154Clutch.......................................... 154Manual Transmission............... 154Power Steering........................... 156Windshield Washer................... 152FM Stereo RadioReception...................................... 89Folding Rear Seat............................ 71Foreign Countries, Driving in (221)Four-way Flashers........................... 64Front End, Towing byEmergency Wrecker................. 210Fuel.................................................. 100Fill Door and Cap....................... 101Gauge............................................ 58Octane Requirement................. 100Oxygenated................................ 220Reserve Indicator......................... 56Tank, Filling the......................... 101Fuses, Checking the. (205)Gas Mileage, Improving................ 106Gasohol........................................... 220Gasoline.......................................... 100Fuel Reserve Indicator................ 56Gauge............................................ 58Octane Requirement................. 100Tank, Filling the......................... 101Gas Station Procedures................. 101GaugesEngine CoolantTemperature............................ 58Fuel (58)Gearshift Lever PositionsAutomatic Transmission........... 1185-speed ManualTransmission.......................... 116Glass Cleaning............................... 187Glove Box.. (74)Halogen Headlight Bulbs.............. 174HatchOpening the.................................. 68Open Monitor Light.................... 56Hazard Warning Flashers............... 64HeadlightsDaytime Running Lights............. 61High Beam Indicator................... 56High Beams, Turning on............ 61Low Beams, Turning on............. 61Reminder Beeper......................... 61Replacing Halogen Bulbs ......... 174Turning on.................................... 61Head Restraints............................... 70Heating and Cooling........................ 78High Altitude, Starting at.............. 115High-Low Beam Switch ..................61IndexHood Latch..................................... 158Hood, Opening the........................ 102Horn............................................... 3, 60Hot Coolant, Warning about........ 147Hydraulic Clutch............................ 155Hydroplaning. (127)Identification Number, Vehicle.... 214If Your Car Has to be Towed....... 210IgnitionKeys.............................................. 66Switch............................................ 66Timing Control System............. 223Important Safety Precautions .......... 6Indicator Lights, InstrumentPanel.............................................. 53Infant Restraint................................ 29Inflation, Proper Tire .................... 166High Speed Driving................... 167Normal Driving.......................... 167Inside Mirror.................................... 73Inspection, Tire.............................. 168Instrument Panel............................. 53Instrument Panel Brightness (62)Interior Cleaning............................ 186Interior Light.................................... 76Introduction.. (i)Jacking up the Car......................... 192Jack, Tire........................................ 191Jump Starting (197)Keys (66)Label, Certification........................ 214Lane Change, Signaling.................. 62Lap Belt............................................. 43Lap/Shoulder Belt........................... 42Leaking of Exhaust into Car.......... 49LightsBulb Replacement..................... 174Indicator........................................ 53Parking.......................................... 61Turn Signal.. (62)Load Limit...................................... 110LOCK (Ignition Key Position)....... 67LocksAnti-theft Steering Column........ 67Fuel Fill Door............................. 101Hatch............................................ 68Low Coolant Level......................... 105Low Fuel Indicator.......................... 56Lower Gear, Downshifting to a.... 116Low Oil Pressure Indicator.... 55, 201Lubricant Specifications Chart.... 216Luggage (109)Maintenance................................... 129Owner Maintenance Checks.... 141Record.................................. 139-140Required Indicator....................... 59Safety...........................................130Schedule.............................. 134-138Malfunction Indicator Lamp.. 56, 203Manual Transmission.................... 116Manual Transmission Fluid (154)CONTINUED。

汽车维修常识手册

汽车维修常识手册【汽车维修常识手册】一、车辆故障分类及处理方法1. 发动机相关故障- 可能原因：燃油供应问题、点火系统故障、机油问题等。

- 处理方法：检查供油系统、检查点火系统、检查机油等。

2. 刹车系统故障- 可能原因：刹车片磨损、制动液不足、刹车盘变形等。

- 处理方法：更换刹车片、检查制动液、修复或更换刹车盘等。

3. 轮胎故障- 可能原因：胎压不足、轮胎老化、轮胎磨损不均等。

- 处理方法：充气，更换轮胎，定期轮胎调换等。

4. 电气系统故障- 可能原因：电池电量不足、线路短路等。

- 处理方法：充电或更换电池、检查线路、修复短路等。

5. 冷却系统故障- 可能原因：散热器堵塞、水泵故障等。

- 处理方法：清洁散热器、更换水泵等。

二、维护保养常识1. 机油更换- 机油类型选择：根据车辆使用手册建议选择合适的机油类型。

- 更换周期：按照车辆使用手册中的建议时间或里程进行定期更换。

2. 轮胎保养- 胎压检查：定期检查胎压，确保在正常范围内。

- 轮胎磨损检查：定期检查轮胎磨损情况，如果磨损达到规定值，应及时更换。

3. 刹车系统保养- 制动液检查：定期检查制动液量，如低于标准要求，应及时添加或更换。

- 刹车片检查：定期检查刹车片磨损情况，达到规定值时，应及时更换。

4. 冷却系统保养- 散热器清洁：定期清洗散热器，防止堵塞。

- 水泵检查：定期检查水泵工作状态，如异常应及时更换。

5. 电气系统保养- 电池维护：定期检查电池电量，如电量不足应及时充电或更换。

三、常见故障自行排除方法1. 发动机无法启动- 检查电池电量是否足够。

- 检查点火系统。

- 检查燃油供应问题。

2. 车辆漏油- 检查机油塞是否松动或密封圈老化。

- 检查机油滤清器是否损坏。

3. 车辆冷却系统异常- 检查散热器是否堵塞。

- 检查水泵是否工作正常。

4. 车辆刹车不灵敏- 检查刹车片磨损情况。

- 检查制动液量是否充足。

5. 车辆轮胎磨损不均- 检查轮胎气压是否均匀。

汽车维修质量手册

汽车维修质量手册第一章汽车维修基础 (3)1.1 维修工具与设备 (3)1.1.1 常用维修工具 (3)1.1.2 维修设备 (4)1.2 维修安全规范 (4)1.2.1 工作场所安全 (4)1.2.2 个人防护 (4)1.2.3 操作安全 (4)1.3 维修工艺流程 (4)1.3.1 接车检查 (4)1.3.2 故障诊断 (4)1.3.3 维修方案制定 (5)1.3.4 维修操作 (5)1.3.5 验收交车 (5)第二章发动机维修 (5)2.1 发动机机械维修 (5)2.2 发动机电控系统维修 (5)2.3 发动机故障诊断 (6)第三章变速器维修 (6)3.1 手动变速器维修 (6)3.1.1 拆卸与安装 (6)3.1.2 故障检查与诊断 (6)3.1.3 维修方法 (7)3.2 自动变速器维修 (7)3.2.1 拆卸与安装 (7)3.2.2 故障检查与诊断 (7)3.2.3 维修方法 (7)3.3 变速器故障诊断 (7)3.3.1 故障现象分析 (7)3.3.2 诊断工具与设备 (7)3.3.3 诊断方法 (8)第四章制动系统维修 (8)4.1 制动器维修 (8)4.2 防抱死制动系统（ABS）维修 (8)4.3 制动系统故障诊断 (9)第五章转向系统维修 (9)5.1 转向器维修 (9)5.1.1 维修前的准备 (9)5.1.2 转向器的拆卸 (9)5.1.3 转向器的检查与维修 (9)5.1.4 转向器的安装与调试 (10)5.2.1 维修前的准备 (10)5.2.2 转向助力系统的拆卸 (10)5.2.3 转向助力系统的检查与维修 (10)5.2.4 转向助力系统的安装与调试 (10)5.3 转向系统故障诊断 (10)5.3.1 故障现象的观察 (10)5.3.2 故障原因的分析 (10)5.3.3 故障部位的检查 (10)5.3.4 故障的排除与维修 (11)第六章悬挂系统维修 (11)6.1 减振器维修 (11)6.1.1 维修前的准备 (11)6.1.2 维修步骤 (11)6.2 弹簧和连杆维修 (11)6.2.1 维修前的准备 (11)6.2.2 维修步骤 (12)6.3 悬挂系统故障诊断 (12)6.3.1 故障现象观察 (12)6.3.2 故障部位定位 (12)6.3.3 故障原因分析 (12)6.3.4 故障排除 (12)第七章车轮与轮胎维修 (13)7.1 车轮维修 (13)7.1.1 车轮变形修复 (13)7.1.2 车轮表面修复 (13)7.1.3 车轮平衡修复 (13)7.2 轮胎更换与修补 (13)7.2.1 轮胎更换 (13)7.2.2 轮胎修补 (13)7.3 车轮定位与平衡 (13)7.3.1 车轮定位 (13)7.3.2 车轮平衡 (14)第八章电气系统维修 (14)8.1 电池与发电机维修 (14)8.1.1 电池维修 (14)8.1.2 发电机维修 (14)8.2 照明与信号系统维修 (15)8.2.1 照明系统维修 (15)8.2.2 信号系统维修 (15)8.3 电气系统故障诊断 (15)第九章冷却系统维修 (16)9.1 散热器维修 (16)9.1.1 故障现象及原因 (16)9.2 水泵与风扇维修 (16)9.2.1 故障现象及原因 (16)9.2.2 维修方法 (16)9.3 冷却系统故障诊断 (17)9.3.1 故障诊断方法 (17)9.3.2 故障处理 (17)第十章暖风、通风与空调系统维修 (17)10.1 暖风与通风系统维修 (17)10.1.1 检查与维护 (17)10.1.2 故障排除 (17)10.2 空调系统维修 (18)10.2.1 检查与维护 (18)10.2.2 故障排除 (18)10.3 空调系统故障诊断 (18)第十一章车身维修 (19)11.1 车身钣金维修 (19)11.2 车身涂装维修 (19)11.3 车身电气系统维修 (20)第十二章维修质量控制与检验 (20)12.1 维修过程质量控制 (20)12.1.1 维修人员培训 (20)12.1.2 维修设备与工具 (20)12.1.3 维修工艺与流程 (20)12.1.4 维修过程监督 (20)12.2 维修检验标准与流程 (21)12.2.1 维修检验标准 (21)12.2.2 维修检验流程 (21)12.3 维修质量改进与售后服务 (21)12.3.1 维修质量改进 (21)12.3.2 售后服务 (21)第一章汽车维修基础1.1 维修工具与设备在汽车维修过程中，掌握正确的维修工具与设备使用方法。

2013全新中国重型汽车维修手册修订版

2013年全新高级修订版本《中国重型汽车维修手册》隆重推出
简介
2013版最新完全版《中国重型汽车维修手册》，共四册。

本书由中国汽车技术信息资料中心组织权威专家、资深教授根据斯太尔系列重型载货汽车相关技术资料编写而成，此版本在保留原12版内容的基础上，经过多次修订汇总新增添了10款
HW7E(EGR)共轨发动机电气电路系统、电器控制系统诊断、HOWO A7车门电器控制系统（配遥控）使用维修、空调系统原理分析及故障检测、WABCO系统维修、重汽桥箱产离合器维修保养，重汽WD615潍柴天然气发动机使用技术故障排除维修、重汽黄河王子电气电路图等新的内容，技术含量更高。

本手册涵盖了以斯太尔技术平台开发提升的所有重型汽车车型，内容包括各总成部件的结构特点、工作原理、拆装程序、维修及调整规范（主要零部件的配合间隙、使用极限、装配工艺及扭矩和技术要求）、主要故障的排除以及维修专用工具的使用，是重型汽车维修人员和汽车培训学校技术人员培训必不可少的教材。

也适用汽车使用、维修、车管人员阅读应用，也可以供其他重型汽车维护保养等有关技术人员参考。

汽车维修手册pdf带目录

汽车维修手册pdf带目录本文档旨在提供一份汽车维修手册的PDF版本，该版本附带了详细的目录。

这份手册旨在帮助汽车维修人员和车主更好地理解和修复汽车故障。

手册的目录部分将列出各个章节和其对应的页码，以便读者能够快速定位到所需的信息。

这将提高维修的效率和准确性。

请注意，本手册仅提供基本的汽车维修知识和常见故障修复方法。

对于更复杂的问题和专业性的修复需求，建议咨询专业的汽车维修人员或相关技术手册。

希望这份"汽车维修手册pdf带目录"能为您的汽车维修工作提供有用的信息和指导，祝您修车愉快！本文档为汽车维修手册的PDF文件，附带目录以方便查阅。

以下为主要内容和章节的概述：第一章：机械基础知识介绍汽车的基本构造和工作原理，包括发动机、传动系统、悬挂系统等。

第一章：机械基础知识介绍汽车的基本构造和工作原理，包括发动机、传动系统、悬挂系统等。

第二章：电气系统维修讲解汽车电气系统的组成和维修方法，包括充电系统、点火系统、灯光系统等。

第三章：燃油系统维修解析汽车燃油系统的结构和故障排除方法，包括燃油喷射系统、燃油泵等。

第四章：制动系统维修介绍汽车制动系统的原理和常见故障修理，包括刹车片更换、制动液维护等。

汽车维修手册.pdf_1702096992.0768037说明书

AccessoriesInstallation.................................. 115ACCESSORY (Ignition KeyPosition) .......................................51AddingAutomatic TransmissionFluid........................................ 162Brake Fluid................................. 164Clutch Fluid................................ 164Differential Oil ...........................163Engine Coolant.......................... 157Engine Oil ..................................152Manual Transmission Fluid...... 163Power Steering Fluid................. 166Windshield Washer fluid .......... 161Additional Safety Information......... 17Door Locks................................... 18Driving with Pets......................... 18Head Restraint Position .............. 17Seat-back Position ....................... 17Storing Cargo Safety ................... 18Additives, Engine Oil..................... 154AdjustmentsHeadlights (184)Head Restraints ...........................58Mirrors .........................................68Seats.............................................. 55Steering Wheel............................ 45Adult Safely Belt Usage .....................5Airbag (SRS) .....................................11Airbag, Passenger's .........................14Air Cleaner...................................... 167Air Conditioning ...............................79Maintenance............................... 176Usage............................................79Air Outlets (Vents) ...........................78Air Pressure, Tires......................... 179Alarm, Anti-theft............................. 105Alcohol and Drugs ...........................25Aluminum Wheels, Cleaning........ 197Antenna, Cleaning.......................... 196Antifreeze........................................ 157Anti-lock Brakes (ABS)Description.................................232Operation.................................... 131Warning Light .....................33, 132Anti-theft, Audio System................ 103Anti-theft Steering ColumnLock ..............................................51Anti-theft System. (105)Appearance Care............................ 195Ashtrays............................................73Audio Controls, Remote ..........50, 102Audio System....................................92Automatic Climate ControlSystem ..........................................85Automatic Speed Control ................47Automatic Transmission ............... 126Capacity, Fluid ...........................230Checking Fluid Level................ 162Shifting ....................................... 126Shift Lever Positions ................. 126Shift Lock Release (129)Back-up Lamp Replacement......... 189BatteryCharging System WarningLight..........................................32Jump Starting .............................212Maintenance............................... 171Specifications .............................231Before Driving................................ 107Belts, Seat . (5)CONTINUEDBeverage Holder ..............................71Body Repair ................................... 202Brakes............................................. 130Anti-lock System (ABS) ............ 131Break-in, New Linings............... 108Fluid............................................ 164Light, Burned-out ......................189Parking .........................................69System Light ................................32Wear Indicators......................... 130Brakes, ABSDescription.................................232Operation.................................... 131Indicator Light ....................33, 132Braking System.............................. 130Break-in, New Car.......................... 108Brightness Control,Instruments..................................41Brights, Headlights ..........................40Bulb Replacement.......................... 184Back-up Lights........................... 189Brake Lights............................... 189Courtesy Lights ......................... 191Front Parking Lighs .................. 188Front Side Marker Lights......... 188Headlights. (186)High-mount Brake Light........... 190License Plate Lights .................. 190Specifications .............................231Trunk light................................ 193Turn Signal Lights..................... 187Bulbs, Halogen . (186)Cables, Jump Starting With ..........212Cancel Button ...................................49Capacities Chart .............................230Carbon Monoxide Hazard ...............26Cargo, Loading............................... 116Cassette PlayerCare............................................. 104Operation (Std) ............................96CAUTION, Explanation of................ii CD Player.......................................... 98Ceiling Lights ...................................73Certification Label.......................... 228Chains.............................................. 183Change OilHow to......................................... 154When to ...................................... 146Changing a Flat Tire . (205)Changing Engine Coolant............. 158Charging System Light............32, 217Check Engine Light .................33, 218CheckingAutomatic TransmissionFluid........................................ 162Battery Condition ...................... 171Brake Fluid................................. 164Clutch Fluid ...............................166Differential Oil ...........................163Drive Belts ................................. 177Engine Coolant.......................... 157Engine Oil ..................................152Fuses .......................................... 220Manual Transmission Fluid...... 163Power Steering Fluid ............... 166Checklist, Before Driving.............. 118Child Proof Door Locks................... 53Child Safety....................................... 19Cigarette Lighter.............................. 72Cleaner, Air..................................... 167Cleaning.......................................... 196Antenna....................................... 196Aluminum Wheels..................... 197Carpeting.................................... 199Exterior .......................................196Fabric.......................................... 199Interior........................................ 199Leather....................................... 200Seat Belts.................................... 199Vinyl............................................ 199Washing...................................... 196Waxing........................................ 197Wood Trim................................. 200CLEAN Light.................................. 104Climate Control System ..................85Clock, Setting the............................. 70Clutch Fluid.................................... 166Code, Audio System....................... 103CO in the Exhaust............................26Cold Weather, Starting in..............120Compact Spare ...............................204Console Compartment.....................72Consumer Information ..................241Controls, Instruments and ..............29CoolantAdding ........................................ 157Checking.................................... 157Proper solution .......................... 157Temperature Gauge ....................37Corrosion Protection .....................201Courtesy Lights.. (74)Crankcase Emission ControlSystem ........................................238Customer Relations Office ............243Cruise Control Operation. (47)DANGER, Explanation of.................. ii Dashboard ........................................30Daytime Running Lights .................40Dead Battery, What to Do .............212Defects, Reporting Safety ................27Defogger, Rear Window.................. 44Defrosting the Windows..................84Dexron® II Automatic Transmission Fluid ................................................162Dimensions.....................................230Dimming the Headlights................. 40DipstickAutomatic Transmission...........162Engine Oil ..................................152Directional Signals ...........................41Disabled, Towing Your Car If....... 225Disc Brake Wear Indicators.......... 130Disposal of Used Oil ......................156DoorsLocking and Unlocking...............52Lockout Prevention .....................52Monitor Light...............................33Power Door Locks.......................52DOT Tire Quality Grading ............235Downshifting, ManualTransmission.............................. 121Driving ............................................117Economy..................................... 114In Bad Weather ..........................135In Foreign Countries.................109Driving Position MemorySystem (60)Economy, Fuel ...............................114Emergencies on the Road .............203Battery, Jump Starting ..............212Changing a Flat Tire .................205Charging System Indication .....217Check Engine Light ..................218Checking the Fuses................... 221Low Oil Pressure .......................216Malfunction Indicator Lamp .. (218)CONTINUEDManually Closing Moonroof ....219Overheated Engine ...................214Emergency Brake ............................69Emergency Flashers........................44Emission Controls..........................237EngineBelts............................................ 177Check Light......................... 33, 218Coolant Temperature Gauge ......37Malfunction IndicatorLamp................................33, 218Oil Pressure Light ...............32, 216Oil, What Kind to Use ...............153Overheating ...............................214Specifications............................. 230Ethanol in Gasoline........................ 109Evaporative EmissionControls...................................... 237Exhaust Fumes ................................26Exhaust Gas Recirculation ............238Expectant Mothers, Use of SeatBelts by ......................................... 10Exterior, Cleaning the . (196)Fabric, Cleaning............................. 199Fan, Interior ...............................79, 90Features, Comfort andConveniences............................... 77Filling the Fuel Tank ..................... 110FiltersFuel............................................. 168Oil................................................ 154First Gear, Shifting......................... 1285-Speed Manual TransmissionChecking Fluid Level................ 163Shifting the................................. 121Flashers, Hazard Warning ..............44Flat Tire, Changing a..................... 205FluidsAutomatic Transmission........... 162Brake...........................................164Clutch .........................................166Differential Oil ...........................163Manual Transmission ............... 163Power Steering .......................... 166Windshield Washer................... 161FM Stereo RadioReception (94)Foreign Countries, Driving in....... 109Four-way Flashers............................ 44Front End, Towing by Emergency Wrecker......................................225Fuel ................................................108Fill Door and Cap ...................... 110Filter............................................ 168Gauge............................................37Octane Requirement .................109Oxygenated................................ 108Reserve Indicator.........................35Tank, Filling the ........................110Fuses, Checking the . (220)Gas Mileage, Improving................ 114Gasohol........................................... 108Gasoline .......................................... 108Filter ............................................168Fuel Reserve Indicator ................35Gauge............................................37Octane Requirement................. 108Oxygenated Fuels .....................108Tank, Filling the ........................110Gas Station Procedures .................110Gauges ..............................................36Engine Coolant Temperature .....37Fuel ...............................................37GAWR (Gross Axle WeightRating) ........................................ 137Gearshift Lever PositionsAutomatic Transmission........... 1265-speed ManualTransmission......................... 1216-speed ManualTransmission......................... 123Glass Cleaning................................ 200Glove Box..........................................54GVWR (Gross Vehicle WeightRating) (137)Halogen Headlight Bulbs.............. 186Hazard Warning Flashers ...............44HeadlightsAiming........................................ 184Daytime Running Lights............. 40High Beam Indicator ...................34High Beams, Turning on ............40Low Beams, Turning on.. (40)Reminder Chime .........................40Replacing Halogen Bulbs ......... 186Turning on....................................40Heating and Coolling .......................78High Altitude, Starting at.............. 120High-Low Beam Switch ...................40Hood, Opening the......................... 111Horn ..................................................49Hot Coolant, Warning about......... 157Hydraulic Clutch ............................166Hydroplaning. (136)Identification Number, Vehicle ....228If Your Car Has to be Towed ........225IgnitionKeys ..............................................50Switch ...........................................51Timing Control System .............238Important Facts About Airbags ...... 13Indicator Lights, InstrumentPanel.............................................31Infant Restraint .................................21Inflation, Proper Tire .....................178Inside Mirror (68)Inspection, Tire .............................. 179Instrument Panel..............................31Instrument Panel Brightness ..........41Interior Cleaning............................ 199Interior Lights ..................................73Introduction.. (i)Jacking up the Car .........................207Jack, Tire......................................... 206Jump Starting. (212)Keys (50)Label, Certification .........................228Lane Change, Signaling...................41Lap/Shoulder Belts............................6Lap Belt ...............................................6Leaking of Exhaust into Car ...........26Leather, Cleaning (200)CONTINUED。

汽车维修手册

汽车维修手册第一章：汽车保养与维修的重要性汽车作为现代人生活中不可或缺的交通工具，其保养与维修显得尤为重要。

本章将介绍汽车保养与维修的重要性，以及如何正确进行汽车保养。

第二章：汽车保养基础知识2.1 发动机保养2.1.1 更换机油与机滤2.1.2 水箱水位检查与添加2.1.3 点火系统维护2.2 刹车系统保养2.2.1 刹车片和刹车盘的检查与更换2.2.2 刹车油的检查与更换2.2.3 刹车系统的排气2.3 轮胎与悬挂系统保养2.3.1 轮胎的检查与充气2.3.2 悬挂系统的检查与维修第三章：常见故障与解决方法3.1 发动机故障3.1.1 发动机无法启动3.1.2 发动机漏油3.1.3 发动机异响3.2 刹车系统故障3.2.1 刹车失灵3.2.2 刹车异响3.2.3 刹车抖动3.3 电气系统故障3.3.1 电瓶电量不足3.3.2 灯光问题3.3.3 电路故障第四章：常见维修工具及其使用方法4.1 扳手与扳子4.2 螺丝刀与螺丝批4.3 汽车千斤顶与千斤顶支架4.4 电瓶充电器与电压表第五章：安全驾驶与事故处理5.1 安全驾驶常识5.1.1 驾驶员注意事项5.1.2 道路交通规则5.2 汽车事故处理5.2.1 事故现场的保护与警示5.2.2 事故责任的判断与处理5.2.3 事故报案与理赔流程结语汽车维修手册是汽车保养与维修的重要参考资料，通过学习和掌握其中的知识，我们可以更好地保养和维护自己的爱车，延长其使用寿命，同时也能提高行车安全。

希望本手册能为广大车主提供帮助，使他们能够更好地享受驾驶的乐趣。

MAN公司重型卡车系列直列式D2066发动机维修手册

各缸之间允许压力最大差值………………max.4 bar
润滑油……………………36-42L
燃油系统……………………博世EDC7
风扇 ……………………硅油／带电控电磁阀
重量…………………………967Kg
K值 ……………………1.2/m
总长（带风扇）………………1499mm
D 2066 LF 01 EURO 3
8作为选装系统，可以选用EVB系统，提高制动性能。
9作为制动性能的进一步提高，可采用全新技术、前所未有的曲轴主驱动制动系统（带优先级别的液体缓速器）。
D20..欧3/4共轨系统
发动机系列参数
发动机
(ISO 1585-88195 EEC)（起始号码）
D 2066 LF 04Euro 3TGA310 HP / 228 KWWMAH..
D 2066 LF 03Euro 3TGA350 HP / 257 KWWMAH..
D 2066 LF 02Euro 3TGA390 HP / 287 KWWMAH..
D 2066 LF 01Euro 3TGA430 HP / 316 KWWMAH..
关键指数含义
例如：
TGA 26.430
T——卡车
发动机培训教程
D2066 LF..
EDC 7
共轨
该文件仅用于培训,且未包含日常更新服务内容。
D 2066
基本信息
D2066系列直列式发动机是MAN公司重型卡车发动机的新型产品,主要描述如下: 1输出功率高，扭矩大。
2增加发动机的峰值有效压力，全新的燃烧原理带有共轨系统，提高了发动机的效率并降低了燃油消耗。
缸径/行程…………………………120/155
点火顺序…………………………1-5-3-6-2-4

汽车维修服务流程标准化手册

汽车维修服务流程标准化手册第一章概述 (4)1.1 服务宗旨 (4)1.2 服务范围 (4)1.3 服务流程概述 (4)3.1 接车 (4)3.2 故障诊断 (4)3.3 维修报价 (4)3.4 维修施工 (5)3.5 质量检验 (5)3.6 交车 (5)3.7 售后服务 (5)3.8 信息反馈 (5)第二章接车与登记 (5)2.1 接车流程 (5)2.1.1 接车准备 (5)2.1.2 接车操作 (5)2.1.3 接车交接 (6)2.2 车辆信息登记 (6)2.2.1 登记基本信息 (6)2.2.2 登记维修记录 (6)2.2.3 登记其他信息 (6)2.3 客户需求确认 (6)2.3.1 确认维修项目 (6)2.3.2 确认维修费用 (6)2.3.3 确认维修时间 (6)第三章故障诊断 (6)3.1 故障现象记录 (7)3.1.1 接车时，维修人员应主动询问客户车辆故障的具体表现，包括但不限于：故障发生的频率、故障现象、故障发生时的环境条件等。

(7)3.1.2 维修人员应详细记录车辆的基本信息，如车型、车牌号码、发动机号、行驶里程等。

(7)3.1.3 对车辆进行初步检查，观察车辆外观、内饰、功能部件等，记录明显的故障现象。

(7)3.1.4 使用专业检测工具对车辆进行检测，记录相关数据，如发动机故障码、传感器数据等。

(7)3.1.5 整理故障现象记录，包括文字描述、图片、视频等，为后续故障原因分析提供依据。

(7)3.2 故障原因分析 (7)3.2.1 维修人员应根据故障现象记录，结合自身经验和专业知识，初步判断故障的可能原因。

(7)3.2.2 对故障原因进行分类，如机械故障、电子故障、软件故障等，以便有针对性地进3.2.3 采用逻辑推理、排除法等方法，逐步分析故障原因，排除不可能的原因。

(7)3.2.4 对于难以判断的故障，维修人员可借助专业设备和技术手段进行检测，如电路检测、压力测试等。

汽车维修技师手册

汽车维修技师手册第1章汽车维修基础 (4)1.1 汽车维修工具与设备 (4)1.1.1 手动工具 (4)1.1.2 电动工具 (4)1.1.3 检测设备 (4)1.1.4 检修设备 (4)1.1.5 涂装设备 (4)1.2 汽车维修安全知识 (5)1.2.1 个人防护 (5)1.2.2 场地安全 (5)1.2.3 设备安全 (5)1.2.4 防火防爆 (5)1.3 汽车维修流程与规范 (5)1.3.1 故障诊断 (5)1.3.2 维修方案制定 (5)1.3.3 维修操作 (5)1.3.4 质量检查 (5)1.3.5 交车验收 (5)第2章发动机维修 (5)2.1 发动机结构与原理 (6)2.1.1 发动机类型 (6)2.1.2 发动机结构 (6)2.1.3 发动机工作原理 (6)2.2 发动机拆卸与组装 (6)2.2.1 拆卸工具与设备 (6)2.2.2 拆卸步骤 (6)2.2.3 组装步骤 (6)2.3 发动机故障诊断与排除 (6)2.3.1 故障诊断方法 (6)2.3.2 常见故障与排除 (6)2.3.3 故障案例分析 (6)第3章变速器维修 (7)3.1 手动变速器维修 (7)3.1.1 概述 (7)3.1.2 维修工具与设备 (7)3.1.3 维修步骤 (7)3.1.4 注意事项 (7)3.2 自动变速器维修 (7)3.2.1 概述 (7)3.2.2 维修工具与设备 (7)3.2.3 维修步骤 (8)3.2.4 注意事项 (8)3.3 变速器故障诊断与排除 (8)3.3.1 故障诊断方法 (8)3.3.2 常见故障及排除方法 (8)3.3.3 注意事项 (8)第4章底盘维修 (9)4.1 制动系统维修 (9)4.1.1 制动盘检查与更换 (9)4.1.2 制动片检查与更换 (9)4.1.3 制动液检查与更换 (9)4.1.4 制动器检查与维修 (9)4.2 悬挂系统维修 (9)4.2.1 减振器检查与更换 (9)4.2.2 弹簧检查与更换 (9)4.2.3 悬挂臂检查与维修 (9)4.3 轮胎与轮轴维修 (10)4.3.1 轮胎检查与更换 (10)4.3.2 轮轴检查与维修 (10)4.3.3 轮胎平衡与轮胎四轮定位 (10)第5章电气系统维修 (10)5.1 电源系统维修 (10)5.1.1 电源系统概述 (10)5.1.2 蓄电池维修 (10)5.1.3 发电机维修 (10)5.1.4 调节器维修 (11)5.2 启动系统维修 (11)5.2.1 启动系统概述 (11)5.2.2 启动机维修 (11)5.2.3 启动开关维修 (11)5.2.4 启动继电器维修 (11)5.3 灯光与信号系统维修 (11)5.3.1 灯光系统维修 (11)5.3.2 信号系统维修 (11)第6章空调系统维修 (12)6.1 空调系统结构与原理 (12)6.1.1 空调系统组成 (12)6.1.2 空调系统工作原理 (12)6.2 空调系统故障诊断与排除 (12)6.2.1 故障诊断流程 (12)6.2.2 常见故障排除 (12)6.3 空调系统维修操作 (12)6.3.1 维修前准备 (12)6.3.2 维修操作步骤 (13)第7章电子控制系统维修 (13)7.1 发动机电子控制单元维修 (13)7.1.1 发动机电子控制单元概述 (13)7.1.2 发动机电子控制单元故障诊断 (13)7.1.3 发动机电子控制单元维修操作 (13)7.1.4 发动机电子控制单元维修实例 (13)7.2 变速器电子控制单元维修 (13)7.2.1 变速器电子控制单元概述 (13)7.2.2 变速器电子控制单元故障诊断 (14)7.2.3 变速器电子控制单元维修操作 (14)7.2.4 变速器电子控制单元维修实例 (14)7.3 车身电子控制单元维修 (14)7.3.1 车身电子控制单元概述 (14)7.3.2 车身电子控制单元故障诊断 (14)7.3.3 车身电子控制单元维修操作 (14)7.3.4 车身电子控制单元维修实例 (14)第8章汽车保养与维护 (14)8.1 日常保养项目与操作 (14)8.1.1 更换机油及机油滤清器 (14)8.1.2 检查并更换空气滤清器 (14)8.1.3 检查并更换燃油滤清器 (14)8.1.4 检查并补充冷却液 (14)8.1.5 检查并调整轮胎气压 (15)8.1.6 更换火花塞 (15)8.1.7 检查并更换制动液 (15)8.2 长途行驶前的检查与准备 (15)8.2.1 检查发动机润滑油及机油滤清器 (15)8.2.2 检查冷却系统 (15)8.2.3 检查制动系统 (15)8.2.4 检查轮胎及备胎 (15)8.2.5 检查车辆电气系统 (15)8.2.6 准备随车工具及应急物品 (15)8.3 换季保养要点 (15)8.3.1 春季保养 (16)8.3.2 夏季保养 (16)8.3.3 秋季保养 (16)8.3.4 冬季保养 (16)第9章汽车美容与装饰 (16)9.1 车身美容 (16)9.1.1 车身清洗 (16)9.1.2 车身打蜡 (16)9.1.3 车身封釉 (16)9.1.4 车身镀膜 (17)9.2 内饰美容 (17)9.2.1 内饰清洁 (17)9.2.2 内饰护理 (17)9.2.3 内饰改装 (17)9.3 汽车装饰与改装 (17)9.3.1 车身贴膜 (17)9.3.2 汽车改装 (17)9.3.3 汽车装饰件 (17)9.3.4 汽车用品 (18)第10章汽车故障案例分析 (18)10.1 发动机故障案例 (18)10.1.1 故障案例一：某款轿车发动机无法启动 (18)10.1.2 故障案例二：某款SUV发动机异响 (18)10.2 变速器故障案例 (18)10.2.1 故障案例一：某款轿车自动变速器无法换挡 (18)10.2.2 故障案例二：某款SUV手动变速器异响 (18)10.3 综合故障案例解析 (19)第1章汽车维修基础1.1 汽车维修工具与设备本章主要介绍汽车维修过程中常用的工具与设备。

汽车维修手册.pdf_1702093083.1311035说明书

IndexAccessoriesInstallation.................................. 105ACCESSORY (Ignition KeyPosition)........................................ 50AddingAutomatic TransmissionFluid........................................ 149Brake Fluid................................. 151Clutch Fluid................................ 153Engine Coolant........................... 144Engine Oil................................... 138Manual Transmission Fluid..... 150Power Steering Fluid................. 153Windshield Washer Fluid......... 148Additional Safety Information........ 16Door Locks................................... 16Driving with Pets......................... 17Seat-back Position........................ 16Storing Cargo Safely................... 17Additives, Engine Oil..................... 140AdjustmentsMirrors.......................................... 61Seats.............................................. 53Steering Wheel. (45)Airbag (SRS)...................................... 9Air Cleaner..................................... 154Air Conditioning............................... 74Maintenance............................... 162Usage............................................. 72Air Outlets (Vents).......................... 72Air Pressure, Tires........................ 164Alcohol and Drugs........................... 24Alcohol in Gasoline.......................... 98Antenna, Cleaning......................... 178Antifreeze....................................... 140Anti-lock Brakes (ABS)Description................................. 216Indicator Light..................... 34, 119Operation.................................... 118Anti-theft Steering ColumnLock............................................... 50Appearance Care........................... 181Ashtray.............................................. 66Audio System................................... 79Automatic Speed Control................ 46Automatic Transmission............... 113Capacity, Fluid........................... 215Checking Fluid Level................ 149Shifting........................................ 113Shift Lever Positions.. (113)Shift Lock Release (116)BatteryCharging System Light............... 33Jump Starting............................. 197Maintenance............................... 157Specifications............................. 215Before Driving................................. 97Belts, Seat........................................... 5Body Repair.................................... 187BrakesAnti-lock System (ABS)............ 118Break-in, New Linings................. 98Fluid............................................ 151Light, Burned-out...................... 174Parking.......................................... 63System Indicator.......................... 33Wear Indicators......................... 117Brakes, ABSDescription................................. 216Operation.................................... 118System Indicator.................. 34, 119CONTINUEDIndexBraking System.............................. 117Break-in, New Car........................... 98Brightness Control,Instruments.................................. 43Brights, Headlights......................... 42Bulb ReplacementBack-up Lights........................... 174Brake Lights............................... 174Front Parking Lights................. 170Front Side Marker Lights......... 171Headlights.................................. 169High-mount Brake Light.......... 173License Plate Lights.................. 176Rear Side Marker Lights.......... 175Specifications............................. 215Turn Signal Lights..................... 172Bulbs, Halogen. (169)Cables, Jump Starting With.......... 198Capacities Chart............................. 214Carbon Monoxide Hazard.............. 25Cargo, Loading............................... 106Cassette PlayerCare (94)Operation...................................... 87CAUTION, Explanation of............... ii Certification Label......................... 212Chains............................................. 168Change OilHow to......................................... 141When to....................................... 132Changing a Flat Tire..................... 191Changing Engine Coolant............. 146Charging System Indicator.... 33, 202Check Engine Light................ 34, 203CheckingAutomatic TransmissionFluid........................................ 149Battery Condition...................... 157Brake Fluid................................. 151Clutch Fluid................................ 153Drive Belts.................................. 163Engine Coolant........................... 144Engine Oil................................... 138Fuses........................................... 205Manual Transmission Fluid..... 150Power Steering Fluid................. 153Checklist, Before Driving............. 108Child Safety...................................... 18Cigarette Lighter.. (65)Cleaner, Air.................................... 154CleaningAluminum Wheels..................... 183Antenna....................................... 182Carpeting.................................... 185Exterior....................................... 182Fabric.......................................... 185Interior........................................ 185Leather........................................ 185Seat Belts.................................... 185Vinyl............................................ 185Washing...................................... 182Waxing........................................ 183Windows..................................... 186CLEAN Light................................... 94Clock, Setting the............................ 64Clutch Fluid.................................... 153CO in the Exhaust......................... 221Cold Weather, Starting in............. 110Compact Spare............................... 190Consumer Information.................. 227Controls, Instruments and.............. 29CoolantAdding......................................... 144Checking..................................... 144Proper Solution..........................144IndexTemperature Gauge.................... 40Corrosion Protection..................... 186Crankcase Emission ControlSystem......................................... 221Cruise Control Operation............... 46Customer Relations Office.. (227)DANGER, Explanation of................. ii Dashboard........................................ 30Daytime Running Lights................. 42Dead Battery, What to Do............ 197Defects, Reporting Safety............... 26Defogger, Rear Window................. 58Defrosting the Windows................. 78DEXRON ® II AutomaticTransmission Fluid.................... 150Dimensions..................................... 214Dimming the Headlights................ 42DipstickAutomatic Transmission........... 149Engine Oil................................... 138Directional Signals........................... 43Disabled, Towing Your Car If...... 210Disc Brake Wear Indicators (117)Disposal of Used Oil...................... 143DoorsLocking and Unlocking............... 51Power Door Locks....................... 51DOT Tire Quality Grading........... 219Downshifting, 5-speed ManualTransmission.............................. 111Drive Belts...................................... 163Driving............................................ 107Economy..................................... 104In Bad Weather.......................... 120In Foreign Countries. (99)Economy, Fuel............................... 104Emergencies on the Road............. 189Battery, Jump Starting.............. 197Changing a Flat Tire................. 191Charging System Indicator...... 202Check Engine Light.................. 203Checking the Fuses................... 206Low Oil Pressure Indicator...... 201Malfunction Indicator Lamp.... 203Manually Closing Sunroof........ 204Overheated Engine. (199)Emergency Brake............................ 63Emergency Flashers....................... 58Emission Controls......................... 221EngineBelts............................................. 163Check Light.......................... 34, 203Coolant Temperature Gauge ..... 40Malfunction IndicatorLamp................................. 34, 203Oil Pressure Indicator......... 33, 201Oil, What Kind to Use............... 139Overheating................................ 199Specifications............................. 214Ethanol in Gasoline ......................... 99Evaporative Emission Controls.... 221Exhaust Fumes................................ 25Expectant Mothers, Use of SeatBelts by........................................... 8Exterior, Cleaning the. (182)Fabric, Cleaning............................. 185Fan, Interior.. (74)CONTINUEDIndexFan, Radiator.................................... 27Features, Comfort andConvenience................................. 71Filling the Fuel Tank..................... 100FiltersFuel.............................................. 155Oil................................................ 141First Gear, Shifting........................ 1115-speed Manual Transmission,Checking Fluid Level................ 150Shifting the................................. 111Flashers, Hazard Warning.............. 58Flat Tire, Changing a.................... 191FluidsAutomatic Transmission........... 149Brake........................................... 151Clutch.......................................... 153Manual Transmission............... 150Power Steering........................... 153Windshield Washer................... 148FM Stereo RadioReception...................................... 81Folding Rear Seat............................ 57Foreign Countries, Driving in........ 99Four-way Flashers (58)Four Wheel Steering (4WS)Description................................. 217Indicator Light............................. 35Operation.................................... 119Front End, Towing byEmergency Wrecker................. 210Fuel.................................................... 98Fill Door and Cap....................... 100Filter............................................ 155Gauge............................................ 38Octane Requirement................... 98Oxygenated.................................. 98Tank, Filling the......................... 100Fuses, Checking the. (205)Gas Mileage, Improving................ 104Gasohol............................................. 98Gasoline............................................ 98Filter............................................ 155Gauge............................................ 40Octane Requirement................... 98Tank, Filling the......................... 100Gas Station Procedures.. (100)GaugesEngine Coolant Temperature .... 40Fuel................................................ 40Gearshift Lever PositionsAutomatic Transmission........... 1135-speed ManualTransmission.................... 111Glass Cleaning............................... 186Glove Box.. (64)Halogen Headlight Bulbs.............. 169Hazard Warning Flashers............... 58HeadlightsDaytime Running Lights............. 42High Beam Indicator................... 36High Beams, Turning on............ 42Low Beams, Turning on............. 42Reminder Chime.......................... 42Replacing Halogen Bulbs......... 169Turning on.................................... 42Heating and Cooling........................ 72High Altitude, Starting at.............. 110High-Low Beam Switch.................. 42Hood, Opening the........................101IndexHorn................................................... 49Hot Coolant, Warning about........ 144Hydraulic Clutch............................ 153Hydroplaning. (121)Identification Number,Vehicle........................................ 212If Your Car Has to be Towed....... 210IgnitionKeys............................................... 49Switch............................................ 50Timing Control System............. 222Indicator Lights, InstrumentPanel.............................................. 31Infant Restraint................................ 19Inflation, Proper Tire .................... 164Inside Mirror.................................... 61Inspection, Tire.............................. 165Instrument Panel............................. 30Instrument Panel Brightness......... 43Interior Cleaning............................ 185Interior Lights.................................. 68Introduction.........................................iJacking up the Car......................... 193Jack, Tire........................................ 191Jump Starting.................................197Keys...................................................49Label, Certification........................ 212Lane Change, Signaling.................. 43Lap/Shoulder Belts........................... 6Leaking of Exhaust into Car.......... 25Lighter, Cigarette............................ 65LightsBulb Replacement..................... 169Indicator........................................ 31Parking.......................................... 42Turn Signal................................... 43Loading Cargo................................ 106LOCK (Ignition Key Position)....... 50LocksAnti-theft Steering Column (50)Fuel Fill Door............................. 100Glove Box..................................... 64Power Door.................................. 51Trunk............................................ 52Low Coolant Level......................... 144Lower Gear, Downshifting to a.... 111Low Oil Pressure Indicator.... 33, 201Lubricant Specifications Chart.... 214Luggage (106)Maintenance................................... 127Periodic Items............................ 136Record................................. 134 - 135Schedule.............................. 130 - 133Manual Transmission.................... 111Manual Transmission Fluid......... 150Maximum Shift Speeds......... 112, 115Meters, Gauges................................ 38Methanol in Gasoline...................... 98Mirrors, Adjusting (61)CONTINUED。

汽车维修保养手册

汽车维修保养手册1. 汽车维修基础知识1.1 常见汽车故障排查方法•发动机无法启动问题的排查方法•刹车失灵问题的排查方法•空调不制冷问题的排查方法•轮胎漏气问题的排查方法•排气管异响问题的排查方法1.2 维护汽车电子系统•更换燃油泵和喷油嘴的步骤和注意事项•如何更换或修复点火系统中的零件（如点火线圈、点火塞等）•维护电池，检查电池酸液，清洁接线端口等1.3 维护机械部件和传动系统•更换发动机机油和滤清器的步骤和注意事项•检查并更换刹车片、刹车盘、离合器等零件•轮胎保养与更换规则2. 正确使用维修工具2.1 常用维修工具介绍与操作技巧•扳手和扳子的类别及正确使用方法•螺丝刀种类及使用场景介绍•汽车维修专用工具的介绍与操作技巧3. 汽车保养常识与维护技巧3.1 汽车养护周期与保养项目•分析不同类型汽车的保养周期和项目•引擎机油更换频率及注意事项•空调滤清器、空气滤清器等配件更换规则3.2 避免常见汽车故障的保养技巧•如何正确驾驶，减少磨损和故障发生的概率•常见故障的预防措施，如冷却液泄漏、轮胎磨损等4. 常见问题解答与故障排除指南4.1 常见问题解答•开车时遇到异响是什么原因？•车辆行驶过程中出现抖动是为什么？•排气管冒黑烟是什么问题？4.2 故障排除指南提供一些常见故障的描述，并根据可能原因给出初步的排查方法。

结论：本手册提供了对汽车维修保养知识全面且详尽的介绍。

内容包括汽车维修基础知识、正确使用维修工具、汽车保养常识与维护技巧，以及常见问题解答和故障排除指南。

读者可以参考本手册来了解如何排查并修复常见的汽车故障，如发动机无法启动、刹车失灵、空调不制冷等问题。

此外，书中还提供了有效的汽车保养技巧，帮助避免常见故障的发生，并延长汽车寿命。

```货车维修技术手册：从入门到精通,助您快速掌握货车修理方法```

```货车维修技术手册：从入门到精通，助您快速掌握货车修理方法```Title: A Guide to Truck RepairIntroduction:Trucks play a crucial role in transportation and logistics industries. However, like any other vehicle, they require regular maintenance and repairs to ensure optimal performance and longevity. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide to truck repair, covering common issues, troubleshooting techniques, and preventive measures.Content:1. Understanding Common Truck Problems:- Engine issues: such as overheating, poor fuel efficiency, or starting problems.- Brake system malfunction: including worn-out brake pads, hydraulic leaks, or ABS failures.- Electrical system failures: like faulty wiring, dead batteries, or malfunctioning alternators.- Transmission problems: such as slipping gears, delayedshifting, or fluid leaks.- Suspension and steering issues: including worn-out shocks, misalignment, or power steering failures.2. Troubleshooting Techniques:- Conducting regular inspections: checking fluid levels, tire pressure, and overall vehicle condition.- Using diagnostic tools: to identify and address specific issues accurately.- Consulting repair manuals: that provide step-by-step instructions for troubleshooting and repair.- Seeking professional help: when encountering complex or potentially dangerous problems.3. Preventive Maintenance:- Following manufacturer's guidelines: for oil changes, filter replacements, and scheduled maintenance.- Regularly inspecting and replacing worn-out parts: such as belts, hoses, and brake pads.- Keeping the truck clean: to prevent rust and corrosion.- Maintaining proper tire pressure: to ensure safety and fuel efficiency.- Storing the truck in a suitable environment: protecting it from extreme weather conditions.Conclusion:Truck repair is an essential aspect of maintaining a reliable and efficient fleet. By understanding common problems, utilizing troubleshooting techniques, and implementing preventive maintenance measures, truck owners can minimize downtime and costly repairs. Remember, timely repairs and regular maintenance are key to extending the lifespan of your truck and ensuring the safety of both the driver and cargo.中文回答：标题：货车修理指南介绍：货车在运输和物流行业中扮演着至关重要的角色。

重汽MC发动机超速作业指导书(新)

编号：tz-202009202MC/MT发动机超速故障售后维修作业指导书中国重型汽车集团有限公司2020年09月一、适用范围本作业指导书主要用于主营单位及服务站在售后服务过程中，判定是否因发动机超速导致MC/MT 系列发动机故障的依据。

二、售后常见故障模式及排查思路 1. 故障模式根据发动机不同的运行转速，可将MC/MT 系列发动机超速故障模式分为以下两种：1.1 发动机运行在2400rpm 至飞脱转速之间转速运行区间：2400rpm —飞脱转速故障模式分析：正常工况下，气门运动是受凸轮型线控制的，气门的落座速度及落座力均符合设计指标；当出现倒拖超速工况（2400rpm 以上），气门运动不受凸轮型线控制，气门落座速度及落座力可能会超出限值，继而引发配气机构冲击、磨损等问题，如下图所示：A. 气门桥磨损，气门间隙变大，发动机飞脱转速随之降低，加剧气门落座速度和冲击，可能造成气门/活塞碰顶，以致气门弯曲，无法落座密封；或是气门掉头，头部落入缸内，导致活塞、气门、缸盖、缸套等配件遭受撞击损坏。

气门桥气门接触区域磨损锁夹凸筋磨损B. 锁夹凸筋磨损，当锁夹凸筋磨光时，锁夹失去对气门的夹紧，气门落座时，弹簧座带动锁夹脱出，气门则在落座反作用力下落入缸内，继而导致活塞、气门、缸盖、缸套等配件遭受撞击损坏。

1.2 发动机运行在飞脱转速以上转速运行区间：飞脱转速以上失效模式分析：发动机倒拖转速已超过飞脱转速，但又不足以瞬间导致气门弯曲掉头，会在短期内造成气门桥、锁夹的异常磨损，进而引发上述A 、B 的失效模式。

随着磨损的加剧，飞脱转速会进一步降低，导致更为严重的失效。

发动机倒拖转速极高，瞬间即可造成气门/活塞碰顶，以致气门弯曲，无法落座密封；或是气门掉头，头部落入缸内，导致活塞、气门、缸盖、缸套等配件遭受撞击损坏。

因发动机转速过高，活塞也无法承受此状态下的工作强度，有可能导致活塞自活塞销处上下撕裂，引发捣缸故障（多表现为两缸以上同时捣缸）。

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重型汽车维修手册2007-02-15 12:53重型汽车将会分为公路运输车辆和工程、码头、油田、矿山等工程用车辆。

公路运输由于受国家法规的限制，将很快向多轴化、大马力方向发展。

如8x4、10x4等车型；而其他工程用车辆车型将会继续得到巩固和发展。

随着整个重型汽车市场的发展变化，其主要总成"车桥"也会随之发生变化。

而作为双级减速的STR驱动桥将会继续巩固工程车辆的市场。

未来几年斯太尔平台的竞争将更趋激烈化。

动力转向系统转向机采用整体式液压动力转向系统。

装用引进德国ZF公司技术生产的叶片泵和转向机。

转向机仅有两种规格，以适应转向扭矩不同的全轮驱动与公路用车对转向的不同需要。

因此一般来说不允许不具备条件的单位进行拆装和修理。

但是下面的工作却是用户以及修理部门可以、而且是必须进行的工作。

a、检查油量、加油与放气在储油罐上安装有油尺，正常情况当柴油机不工作时，要求油量加至油尺的上限刻度为准，当柴油机以中速稳定旋转时，储油罐的油量高于上限刻度1—2厘米为正常。

当动力转向系统缺油时，可直接向储油罐中补充新油至上述标准。

当系统严重缺油或在系统中已存在空气的情况下，补充新油的同时要进行放气。

首先用千斤顶将汽车前轴顶起，启动柴油机在低速稳定转速下运转，随着向储油罐逐渐加注新油的同时，慢慢地转动方向盘从一侧极限位置转至另一极限位置反复进行，直至储油罐回油没有空气排出为止，将油补充至上述标准。

检查助力系统是否有空气有两个方法：一个是观察在发动机动转过程中，储油罐的回油口所回的助力油是否还有气泡。

另一种办法是在发动机停转时，将油加至油尺上刻线位置，然后发动机以中速旋转，观察油罐液面高出上刻线如果大于2厘米，说明系统内还存有空气。

助力系统存有空气时，转向阻力系统在工作时还会产生噪音。

b、转向助力油泵的检查首先将开关全开，启动柴油机并稳定在低转速范围运转，逐渐关闭开关，注意观察压力表读数，直至将开关全部关闭，如果压力表指示130巴±10％范围，则泵是正常的。

如果泵压达不到规定值，则说明泵的流量控制阀、安全阀产生故障或泵损坏。

泵压的检查应注意开关要逐渐关闭，同时关闭时间不能过长。

检查过程中柴油机要稳定低速状态下工作。

C、转向限位阀的检查与调整首先将前轮分别向左、右转至极限位置，检查和调整前轮转角使其符合整车性能参数的要求。

启动柴油机并使其在低速范围稳定运转，然后将前轮着地以增加转向阻力，向左转动方向，注意观察压力表读数。

当转向轮极限位置调整螺钉距前轴限位凸块3毫米处表压明显下降说明左极限位置限位阀此刻开启卸荷。

如若此刻表压读数仍不下降或过早下降都说明需要调整。

调整方法是：将限位阀锁紧螺母松开，表压过早下降则需将调整螺栓向外旋出。

然后用3毫米厚的钢板置于转向节的极限位置调整螺钉和工字梁限位凸台之间，将方向盘打到底，使螺钉与凸台将钢板夹紧。

此时压力表读数将持续升高，旋人限位阀调整螺栓直到表压突然降低为止，将调整螺栓锁帽锁紧。

另一侧的限位阀调整方法相同。

如果方向盘转至极限位置，表压不仅不下降，而且持续上升，则说明转向节已到极限位置，而限位阀还没有打开。

此时只需将调整螺栓向里旋人，直到表压突然降底为止，将锁帽锁紧。

d、转向机密封性的检查在转向限位阀调整完毕之后，将前轴用千斤顶再次顶起使车轮脱离地面。

在转限位螺钉与前轴转向限位凸块之间放置一块约15毫米厚的钢板，柴油机保持低速稳定运转状态，将前轮转至极限位置，观察压力表读数是否达到130土10％巴，如压力低于规定数值说明转向机内部泄漏，必须检查修理。

该项检查左、右两个方向都必须进行。

e、方向盘自由行程量的检查与调整将压力表更换成量程10巴的表头，柴油机保持低速稳定运转，将车轮转至直线行驶位置，此刻测出的系统无负荷循环压力约5巴。

然后向一侧慢慢转动方向盘直到表压上升1巴时，测量方向盘的这一侧游动量应小于20毫米。

再测量另一侧方向盘游动量同样应小于20毫米，两则相加方向盘总自由行程应小于40毫米。

方向盘自由行程主要取决于转向机活塞齿与转向轴扇形齿间的间隙。

因扇形齿齿厚制成锥形结构，因此调整转向轴的轴向位置即可调整方向自由量。

在方向机侧端盖上有一调整螺杆，向里旋进该螺杆可将自由行程调小，调整结束应将锁紧螺母锁紧。

转向横直拉杆接头如果间隙过大会影响方向盘自由行程，检查时应预注意转向系统的故障不过是方向重与方向跑偏两种情况。

在分析判断故障时应注意从两个方面去查找：一是转向系统的机械部分，另一方面是转向助力部分。

三、动力转向系统的使用与保养陕汽一斯太尔汽车采用整体式液压助力转向系统，它在使用与保养中应注意如下几点：a、因助力泵采用转子叶片泵，转子叶片泵的最大优点就是体积小、效率高。

然而对比其它泵来讲，叶片泵最大的弱点就是低压腔的吸油能力较低。

因此，储油罐中的助力油滤清器，并没有安装在泵的吸油端，而是安装在转向机的回油端。

换句话说，转向助力系统采用的是回油滤清方式。

这种滤清器仅起一个系统净化的作用，即系统的机械磨料经滤清器过滤使助力油总保持纯净。

如果储油罐里掉进脏物或机械杂质，那么很快就会直接被吸人助力泵，造成助力泵的早期磨损或拉伤。

因此保持储油罐内的清洁是至关重要的。

这就要求在更换或补充助力油时，应特别注意首先将储油罐擦干净，而且应在无尘埃的场地进行作业，特别要注意不要将脏污掉进储油罐。

实践证明，助力泵以及转向机磨损、拉伤损坏的主要原因就是油脏。

b、转向助力系统是高度精密的液压系统，因此在使用中应注意经常进行检查和调整。

发生故障应急时处理，否则造成机件的磨损与损坏后，有时将会是不能修复的。

往往因为一个很小的精密配合零件的损坏而造成整个部件的报废。

c、转向助力系统使用专用的AFF自动传动油。

国产N32号自动传动油可常年加注在助力系统。

但这种油价格较高而且往往买不到。

我们通常使用国产30D(30号低凝点)工程液压油来代用，这种油冬、夏通用。

如果这种油也买不到时，夏季可使用30号工程液压油冬季使用20号工程液压油代用。

在紧急情况下(例如行驶在边远或不具备购油条件买不到上述规定油品，而又必须补充或添加助力油时)，可用透平油(又称汽轮机油)、变压器油甚至机械油临时代用或补充，但回到基地必须立即将代用油排掉，而以规定油品加注。

这是由于上述规定油品具有适合动态液压系统工作的特性，例如抗泡性、防腐蚀性以及对橡胶件的溶涨性都符合要求。

而下面介绍的临时代作用油品则在这些性能上较差。

注意在进行上述工作时，必须将旧油从系统中排净，必要的时候最好用新油将系统情洗一遍，放掉后再重新加注新油。

切记不可以将不同品牌的油长期混装。

d、汽车一斯太尔汽车前桥转向系统横、直拉杆的球形联接是不可调整间隙的，因此需经常检查其间隙，发现间隙超差的必须急时更换。

四、转向系统常见故障以及排除如下：一般来讲引起方向重的原因有如下几种：1)助力泵故障通过试验判断助力泵的泵压达不到标准值时，显然方向沉重与此有关。

首先应检查流量控制阀与阀座的啮合面、安全阀钢球是否封闭不严。

如果是流量阀或安全阀泄漏，可通过研磨的方法修复。

其次再检查安全阀的弹簧是否失效。

这点可通过在弹簧后面加垫片的方法检查，如果在弹簧后面增加一垫片后，最大泵压有明显增加，说明弹簧失效。

如果这两个部位都无问题，则应拆卸解体助力泵，观察叶片泵的腔壁是否磨损和拉伤。

因腔壁拉伤会使高、低压腔相通，从而造成压力建立不起来。

一般拉伤的原因都是油脏所至。

如果方向突然沉重，则应检查是否是泵轴断裂所致。

2)转向机故障通过检查如果发现是转向机助力油压较低时，说明方向重的原因在转向机。

此时应请专业厂家来进行修理。

一般来讲转向机故障大部分是由于活塞、缸筒拉伤、或是活塞上密封圈损坏造成活塞两腔相通，使助力压力不能有效地建立。

此外，活塞圆周面上的各种密封圈、转向螺杆上的密封圈破损，也会造成高压卸荷，而使助力压力降底。

3)缺油，系统有空气如果助力系统缺油，造成系统内有空气，此时不仅转向沉重，而且在转向时还有噪音。

此时按加油与放气的程序进行排气即可。

4)储油罐内回油滤清器堵塞储油罐内回油滤清器长期不保养、更换，造成堵塞，使助力油循环不畅，造成回油背压增大，同样会使方向沉重。

5)．两个限位阀的密封圈失效，使活塞两腔相通造成助力失效。

a、两侧方向都沉重。

如果遇有方向沉重的故障，特别是向两侧打方向都沉重，应当从两个方面去查找原因：一方面查找转向机械部分的原因，如果机械部分没有问题，再查找转向助力方面的原因。

引起方向沉重机械方面的原因主要在于转向节。

长时间不保养，使转向立柱和衬套严重缺油、磨损甚至烧蚀，都会引起方向沉重。

因此在保养时，必须向转向立柱空腔内注满润滑脂，而且每次注油时需用千斤将前桥支承起来，要注到立柱上、下两支承面都有润滑脂挤出为止，此时说明立柱与衬套间已注满滑脂。

转向立柱的平面止推轴承如果严重磨损，或是损坏，也会造成方向重的故障。

机械部分的故障可以用眼观察转向立柱、转向节的外观和用搬动前轮来感受一下前轮左、右摆动的阻力来检查。

如果通过检查转向机械部分没有问题，那么显然是转向助力部分产生故障。

我们可以通过上一节介绍的方法，即迅速又准确地查出引起方向重故障的部位，然后通过拆检，查明故障的原因。

b、单边转向沉重在实际中往往发生向一个方向转向轻快，而向另一个方向转向沉重的故障，这一般是由于负责密封一侧高压腔的密封件漏损所至。

倒如转向螺杆密封圈、活塞圆周上油道密封圈等。

还有一种情况应当注意，那就是转向沉重，一侧的限位阀封闭不严。