利用邻苯二甲酸氢钾以标定所配制之氢氧化钠溶液浓度
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If 100.0 mL of 1.00 M NaOH and 100.0 mL of 0.500 M H2SO4 solutions are mixed, what will the concentration of the resulting solution be? What is the balanced reaction?
2KOH+ H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2H2O
2 mol 1mol 1 mol 2 mol 0.130 mol 0.05 mol 0.030 mol 0 mol 0.05 mol 0.1 mol
•What is the total volume of solution? 130.0 mL + 100.0 mL = 230.0 mL
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
1mol 2mol or
Reaction ratio
1mol 2mol
1mol H2SO4 2mol NaOH
2mol NaOH
1mol H2SO4
3
Calculations Involving Molarity
Example 11-1: Acid-Base Reactions
• What is the molarity of the solution? M = 0.05 mol/0.2 L = 0.250 M Na2SO4
5
Calculations Involving Molarity
Example 11-2: Acid-Base Reactions
If 130.0 mL of 1.00 M KOH and 100.0 mL of 0.500 M H2SO4 solutions are mixed, what will be the concentration of KOH and K2SO4 in the resulting solution?
7
Example 11-3: Acid-Base Reactions What volume of 0.750 M NaOH solution would be required to completely neutralize 100 mL of 0.250 M H3PO4?
It is very important that we always use a balanced chemical reaction when doing stoichiometric calculations.
2NaOH+ H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
M=mole/liter mole= M x liter
Chapter Goals
Aqueous Acid-Base Reactions 酸鹼中和反應
• Calculations ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้nvolving Molarity 有關體積莫耳濃度的 計算
• Titrations 滴定 • Calculations for Acid-Base Titrations 酸鹼滴定的計算
1
Concentrations of Solutions
❖ Second common unit of concentration:
Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per literof solution. 體積莫耳濃度 M是ola指rity每= 公Nu升m溶ber液of中mo所les含of的sol溶ute質莫耳數
NaOH =1.00M x 0.1L =0.1 mole H2SO4 =0.500M x 0.1L =0.05 mole
4
Calculations Involving Molarity
2NaOH+ H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Reaction Ratio
2 mol
1 mol
1 mol
2 mol
What is the balanced reaction?
2 KOH+ H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2H2O
M=mole/liter mole= M x liter
KOH =1.00M x 0.130L =0.130 mole H2SO4 =0.500M x 0.1L =0.05 mole
6
Reaction Ratio Before Reaction After Reaction
•What are the potassium hydroxide and potassium sulfate amounts?
0.03 mol & 0.05 mol • What is the molarity of the solution?
M = 0.03 mol/0.230 L = 0.130 M KOH M = 0.05 mol/0.230 L = 0.217 M K2SO4
Before Reaction 0.1 mol 0.05 mol
After Reaction
0 mol 0 mol 0.05 mol 0.1 mol
•What is the total volume of solution? 100.0 mL + 100.0 mL = 200.0 mL
•What is the sodium sulfate amount, in mol? 0.05 mol
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化還原反應
• Balancing Redox Equations 氧化還原方程式平衡 • Adding in H+, OH- , or H2O to Balance Oxygen or
Hydrogen • Calculations for Redox Titrations 計算氧化反原滴定
Number of liters of solution
M = moles L
M = mmoles mL
M x L = moles solute and
M x mL = mmol solute
2
Calculations Involving Molarity
❖ The reaction ratio is the relative number of moles of reactants and products shown in the balanced equation.
2KOH+ H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2H2O
2 mol 1mol 1 mol 2 mol 0.130 mol 0.05 mol 0.030 mol 0 mol 0.05 mol 0.1 mol
•What is the total volume of solution? 130.0 mL + 100.0 mL = 230.0 mL
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
1mol 2mol or
Reaction ratio
1mol 2mol
1mol H2SO4 2mol NaOH
2mol NaOH
1mol H2SO4
3
Calculations Involving Molarity
Example 11-1: Acid-Base Reactions
• What is the molarity of the solution? M = 0.05 mol/0.2 L = 0.250 M Na2SO4
5
Calculations Involving Molarity
Example 11-2: Acid-Base Reactions
If 130.0 mL of 1.00 M KOH and 100.0 mL of 0.500 M H2SO4 solutions are mixed, what will be the concentration of KOH and K2SO4 in the resulting solution?
7
Example 11-3: Acid-Base Reactions What volume of 0.750 M NaOH solution would be required to completely neutralize 100 mL of 0.250 M H3PO4?
It is very important that we always use a balanced chemical reaction when doing stoichiometric calculations.
2NaOH+ H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
M=mole/liter mole= M x liter
Chapter Goals
Aqueous Acid-Base Reactions 酸鹼中和反應
• Calculations ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้nvolving Molarity 有關體積莫耳濃度的 計算
• Titrations 滴定 • Calculations for Acid-Base Titrations 酸鹼滴定的計算
1
Concentrations of Solutions
❖ Second common unit of concentration:
Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per literof solution. 體積莫耳濃度 M是ola指rity每= 公Nu升m溶ber液of中mo所les含of的sol溶ute質莫耳數
NaOH =1.00M x 0.1L =0.1 mole H2SO4 =0.500M x 0.1L =0.05 mole
4
Calculations Involving Molarity
2NaOH+ H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Reaction Ratio
2 mol
1 mol
1 mol
2 mol
What is the balanced reaction?
2 KOH+ H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2H2O
M=mole/liter mole= M x liter
KOH =1.00M x 0.130L =0.130 mole H2SO4 =0.500M x 0.1L =0.05 mole
6
Reaction Ratio Before Reaction After Reaction
•What are the potassium hydroxide and potassium sulfate amounts?
0.03 mol & 0.05 mol • What is the molarity of the solution?
M = 0.03 mol/0.230 L = 0.130 M KOH M = 0.05 mol/0.230 L = 0.217 M K2SO4
Before Reaction 0.1 mol 0.05 mol
After Reaction
0 mol 0 mol 0.05 mol 0.1 mol
•What is the total volume of solution? 100.0 mL + 100.0 mL = 200.0 mL
•What is the sodium sulfate amount, in mol? 0.05 mol
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化還原反應
• Balancing Redox Equations 氧化還原方程式平衡 • Adding in H+, OH- , or H2O to Balance Oxygen or
Hydrogen • Calculations for Redox Titrations 計算氧化反原滴定
Number of liters of solution
M = moles L
M = mmoles mL
M x L = moles solute and
M x mL = mmol solute
2
Calculations Involving Molarity
❖ The reaction ratio is the relative number of moles of reactants and products shown in the balanced equation.