托福TPO阅读题目汇总

1: The amount of air exchanged is even lower in REM than NREM because, although breathing is more rapid in REM, it is also more irregular, with brief episodes of shallow breathing or absence of breathing.

○Because breathing is more shallow and irregular in REM than in NREM, less air is exchanged in REM.

○Breathing in NREM is less effective than breathing in REM because of irregular episodes of rapid breathing during NREM.

○Because breathing is more rapid in NREM sleep than in REM sleep, breathing often becomes shallow.

○Although REM has brief episodes of shallow breathing or lack of breathing, breathing is more rapid than in NREM. 2: Fladmark’s hypothesis received additional support form from the fact that the greatest diversity in native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americas, suggesting that this region has been settled the longest.

○Because this region has been settled the longest, it also displays the greatest diversity in Native American languages.

○Fladmark's hypothesis states that the west coast of the Americas has been settled longer than any other region.

○The fact that the greatest diversity of Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans lends strength to Fradmark's hypothesis.

○According to Fladmark, Native American languages have survived the longest along the west coast of the Americas. 3: The tradition of religious sculpture extends over most historical periods but is less clearly delineated than that of stonewares or porcelains, for it embraces the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural ornament.

○ While stonewares and porcelains are found throughout most historical periods, religious sculpture is limited to the ancient period.

○ Religious sculpture was created in most periods, but its history is less clear than that of stonewares or porcelains

because some old forms continued to be used even when new ones were developed.

○While stonewares and porcelains changed throughout history, religious sculpture remained uniform in form and use.

○The historical development of religious sculpture is relatively unclear because religious sculptures sometimes resemble earthenware architectural ornaments.

4: Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic).

○ The fossil record suggests that there was an abrupt extinction of many plants and animals at the end of the Mesozoic era.

○ Few fossils of the Mesozoic era have survived in the rocks that mark the end of the Cretaceous.