大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练(十三)

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大学英语四级考试阅读练习和答案

大学英语四级考试阅读练习和答案

大学英语四级考试阅读练习和答案The political background of the atomic scientists work was the determination to defeat the Nazis. It was heldI think rightlythat a Nazi victory would be an appalling (令人惊骇的 ) disaster. It was also held, in Western countries, that German scientists must be well advanced towards making an A-bomb, and that if they succeeded before the West did they would probably win the war. When the war was over, it was discovered, to the complete astonishment of both American and British Scientists, that the Germans were nowhere near success, and, as everybody knows, the Germans were defeated before any nuclear weapons had been made. But I do not think that nuclear scientists of the West can be blamed for thinking the work urgent and necessary. Even Einstein favored it.When, however, the German war was finished thegreat majority of those scientists who hadcollaborated toward making the A-bomb considered thatit should not be used against the Japanese, who were already on the verge of defeat and, in any case, did not constitute such a threat to the world as Hitler. Many of them made urgent representations to the American government advocating that, instead of using the bomb as a weapon of war, they should, after a public announcement, explode it in a desert, and that future control of nuclear energy should be placed in the hands of an international authority. Seven of the most famous of nuclear scientists drew up what is known as the Franck Report which they presented to the Secretary of War in June 1945. This is a very admirable and far-seeing document, and if it had won the assent of the politicians, none of our subsequent terrors would have arisen.21. We may infer that the writers attitude towards the A-bomb is that______.A. it is absolutely necessaryB. it is a terrible threat to the whole of mankindC. it played a vital part in defeating the JapaneseD. it was a wonderful invention22. The American and British scientists were astonished at the end of the Second World War against Germany because______.A. the Germans had been defeated without the useof nuclear weaponsB. the Western countries had won before they had invented nuclear weaponsC. they thought the Germans would probably win the warD. the Germans had made little progress in developing nuclear weapons23. According to the writer, most scientists who had helped in making the A-bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese because______.A. it was such a dangerous weaponB. its use against the Japanese was unnecessaryC. it was a very inhumane weaponD. the German war was finished24. The passage implies, but does not directly say, that the nuclear scientists______.A. might not have agreed to develop the bomb if there had been no Nazi threatB. would have developed the bomb even without the Nazi threatC. would have made the bomb, under peace-time conditions, but only for the use of an international authorityD. developed the bomb because Einstein thought it urgent and necessary25. The main point in the second paragraphis______.A. that nuclear weapons proved unnecessaryB. that the Franck Report, which recommended that the bomb should be placed in the hands of an international authority, was rejectedC. that many scientists tried, unsuccessfully, to persuade the politicians to abandon nuclear bombs, and place nuclear energy in the hands of an international authorityD. both A and C21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. CFriends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for granted, we often dont clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few, for example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationships, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasonsfor their shared interest vary enormously. As we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in commonthey often talk about being on the same wavelength. It generally takes timeto reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Equally, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, whichcan overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.26. According to the author, _______.A. all those who get on well with each other are friendsB. friends are closer than people who just get on well with each otherC. everyone understands clearly how to makefriendsD. every student has 6 friends27. When we make friends, we consider such things as age, race, and background, because _______.A. it is not easy to have a friendly relationship with people when there is a marked difference in age and backgroundB. the degree of friendship between two people and the reasons for their shared interest can vary greatlyC. friends need to know all these thingsD. these are the most important factors to make friends28. In Paragraph 2, being on the same wavelength means_______.A. using the same frequency while talkingB. keeping the same friendly relationship as other people doC. having similar ideas, beliefs, attitudes and interestsD. having the same background29. Which of the following is not implied in the passageA. Even friends may have differences of opinion.B. Friends never argue with each other.C. It generally takes time for people to become close friends.D. Someones habits may annoy his friends.30. To strengthen friendly relationship,people_______.A. must hold friendship ceremoniesB. have to eliminate differences in backgroundC. should make friends with those who are of the same age and of the same raceD. should support and understand each other through shared experiences and emotions26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D。

英语四级阅读理解考前必练及答案

英语四级阅读理解考前必练及答案

英语四级阅读理解考前必练及答案Method of Scientific InquiryWhy the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at theculmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years—and why in thefollowing two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated,which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justlyregarded as the products of our own times—are questions which have interested the modernphilosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediatelyconversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greatervirtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin?Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth?Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents—tothe influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in theomnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deductionchiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be toonarrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrastthat is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledgeis founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis,by induction anddeduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals toobservation under the guidance of deduction—by steps which are indeed correlative parts ofone method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or partsof one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, animperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness inobservation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation—these arethe faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or themoderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greatervirtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the suddengrowth of science in recent times.The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and“theories” or “facts” and “ideas”—in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their tooexclusive attention to the latter—proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge ofvagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are notcoordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts—a particular class of facts indeed, generallycomplex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positiveattributes of theories.Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of truemethod in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in truemethod. A factis a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of afact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. Toconvert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the fullcharacteristics of a fact.1. The title that best expresses the ideas of thispassage is[A]. Philosophy of mathematics. [B]. The RecentGrowth in Science.[C]. The Verification of Facts. [C]. Methods of Scientific Inquiry.2. According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during thedays of the ancient Greeks and in modern times is[A]. the similarity between the two periods.[B]. that it was an act of God.[C]. that both tried to develop the inductive method.[D]. due to the decline of the deductive method.3. The difference between “fact” and “theory”[A]. is that the latter needs confirmation.[B]. rests on the simplicity of the former.[C]. is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks.[D]. helps us to understand the deductive method.4. According to the author, mathematics is[A]. an inductive science. [B]. in need of simple verification.[C]. a deductive science. [D]. based on fact and theory.5. The statement “Theories are facts” may be called.[A]. a metaphor. [B]. a paradox.[C]. an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods.[D]. a pun.词汇1. inductive 归纳法induction n.归纳法2. deductive 演绎法 deduction n 演绎法3. culmination 到达顶/极点4. conversant (with) 熟悉的,精通的5. exercise 运用,实行,执行仪式singular 卓越的,非凡的,独一无二的6. conjunction 结合,同时发生7. omnipotence 全能,无限权/威力8. Providence (大写)指上帝,天道,天令9. commonplace 平凡的,陈腐的10. inquiry 调查,探究(真理,知识等)11. doctrine 教义,学说,讲义12. correlative 相互关联的13. antithesis 对立面,对偶(修辞学中),对句14. coordinate 同等的,并列的15. subsist 生存,维持生活16. attribute 特征,属性17. connote 意味着,含蓄(指词内涵)长句解析1. Why the inductive and mathematical sciences,after their first rapid development at theculmination of Greek civilization, advanced soslowly for two thousand years are questions whichhave interested the modern philosopher not less thanthe objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant.[结构简析] 破折号后面的内容(见难句译注2)先撇开。

大学英语四级阅读理解精练附答案

大学英语四级阅读理解精练附答案

大学英语四级阅读理解精练附答案Americans Looking To Chinese CultureTo Enrich Their Life The latest Chinese cultural icon to make its impact there is feng shui1, Chinasancient art of placement. In my recent trip to California, virtually all leading book stores and publiclibraries were well-stocked with plenty of publications on this highly esoteric subject.Why do Americans take to feng shui like fish to water? It owed its early success to the doggedefforts of a handful of Chinese feng shui experts. But from around 1990 onwards, numerous fengshui schools have sprung up in large American cities including San Francisco, New York, Chicago,Boston and Houston. Their enrolments have risen by leaps and bounds.Its adherents find its commonsensible approach to daily living an effective counterweight tomaterialism, and helps them to reduce the intrusion of technology into their lives. With itsemphasis on achieving balance and harmony and peace and tranquillity at home and at work,this time-honoured art relaxes their minds and helps them overcome stresses and strains ofmodern living. They firmly believe that once their mental and physical well-being are inequilibrium2, then good health, work efficiency and prosperity will come their way naturally.A conspicuous manifestation of feng shui is through the proliferation of miniature fountainsstrategically placed in the homes, offices, shops, restaurants and at other public places. This isbecause water attracts the all-important life -sustaining qi, or energy. The soothing rhythm ofrunning water gently beating down on pebbles or bamboos can uplift ones spirits as it symbolises avital source of life .Underpinning the growing popularity of Chinese things is the emergence of China as a potentialworld political and economic superpower. This coincided with its reopening up to the outside worldwhich has enabled an increasing number of Americans to travel there in order to experience at firsthand3 the splendours of this venerable civilisation.Added to this, the thriving Chinese communities in many American urban centres and theirreputation as a model minority have aroused further their interests in this distant land, which is sovastly different from theirs.One of the palpable strengths of the United States is that it is truly an open society. This makes iteasier for it to absorb cultural values and practices from other countries and to nurture them sothat they become part of the social fabric of its own multiethnic and multicultural community. 练习题:Ⅰ. Choose the best words to fill the blanks:1. Hitler, the enemy of Poland and the rest of European world, became more and more warlike.A. publicB. potentialC. ancientD. effective2. People who enjoy a good are respected by many.A. balanceB. harmonyC. tranquilityD. reputation3. The growing of Internet makes the parents worry about its negative side over their kids.A. equilibriumB. popularityC. iconD. emergence4. The main of feng shui is to reconsider mans relationship with nature .A. proliferationB. valueC. practiceD. fabricⅡ. Question:Which reason below Ca n No t explain why feng shui is so popular in US?A. The United States is truly an open society.B. The emergence of China as a potential world political and economic superpower.C. Feng shui as an effective counterweight to materialism.D. The dogged efforts of a handful of Chinese feng shui experts.E. Feng shuis theory and practice becoming easy.Ⅰ. 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. BⅡ. E。

大学英语四级阅读理解试题(内含答案)

大学英语四级阅读理解试题(内含答案)

大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之一(含答案)There are three kinds of goals:short-term,medium-range and long-term goals.Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed.As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future.They might cover five years or more.Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal答案:adcbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之二(含答案)The economy of the United states after1952was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people.Despit occasional alarms,the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom.A n economic survey of the year1955,a typical year of the1950’s,may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade.The national output was value at10percent above that of1954(1955output was estimated at392billion dollars).The production of manufacturers was about40percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War2.The country’s business spent about30billion dollars for new factories and machinery.National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in1950.Consumers spent about256billion dollars;that is about700million dollars a day,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour,all round the clock.Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them.Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room.To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s.As farmer’s shre of their products declined,marketing costs rose.But there were,among the observers of the national economy,a few who were not as confident as the majority.Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1.What is the best title of the passage?a.The Agriculatural Trends of1950’sb.The Unemployment Rate of1950’sc.U.S.Economy in the50’sd.The Federal Budget of19522.In Line3,the word“boom”could best be replaced by______.a.nearby explosionb.thunderous noisec.general public supportd.rapid economic growth3.It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in1955viewed the national economy with an air of_________.a.confidenceb.confusionc.disappointmentd.suspicion4.Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the1950’s?a.Economistsb.Frmaersc.Politiciansd.Steelworkers5.The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S.was greater in1955than in1950.How much was it?a.60%b.50%c.33%d.90%答案:cdabc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之三(含答案)Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors.In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a1987update,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs. College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus,many times in order for her to succeed,she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist. "Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University."Spirduso said."If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here,they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage,we know that_____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in1987was greater than that of1985b.the number of women professors in the University in1987was smaller than that of1985c.the number of women professors was the same as that of1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that_____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5.The title for this passage should be_______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia答案:ddabd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之四(含答案)Today,as in every other day of the year,more than3000U.S.adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults.During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these3000about23will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents,and nearly750will be killed by a smoking-related disease.The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors,whether voluntary or involuntary,as a cause of death.Since the late1970s,when daily smoking among high school seniors reached30precent,smoking rates among youth have declined.While the decline is impressive,several important issues must be raised.First,in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little.Second,in the late1970s,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly10percent.The statistic is reversing.Third,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates,as much as75percent.Finally,thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist.Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute(NCI)began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author,the deaths among youth are mainly caused by_____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By"dropout"the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案:bdbdb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之五(含答案)The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat,it has,at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery.In1945,about35years ago,government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer.Yet,these carcinogenic additives remain in our food,and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals,and because of this,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow.Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons.The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market.Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has tried repeatedly to control these procedures,the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science,diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word'carcinogenic'most nearly means'_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing答案:cacbd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之六(含答案)As the pace of life continues to increase,we are fast losing the art of relaxation.Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night,it is hard to slow down.But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it.In fact,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be.A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life.It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities.Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties.When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically.In fact we make choice between "fight"or"flight"and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death.The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response.It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer,the most important character for a good manager is his________.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is always harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph3,"such a reaction"refers back to_______.a."making a choice between'flight'or'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so"refers to______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"答案:dadbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之七(含答案)In the1960s,many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society.They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S.epual.Some of them decided to"drop out"of American society and form their own societies. They formed utopian communities,which they called"communes,"where they could follow their philosophy of"do your own thing."A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called"Drop City."Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars.Other groups,such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters,the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin,and a group that called itself the Hog Farm,lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States.The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in1969.Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee,but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of"do you own thing,"however Twin Oaks,a commune founded in Virgiania in the late1960s,was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner.The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's"conditioning"techniques to do things that were good for the community.In1972,Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti,a utopian city Arizsona where2500people will live closely together in one large building called an"archology"Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to"drop out"of scoiety during the1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a.In dome-shaped houseb.In old school husesc.On a farm inTennesseed.In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a.Paolo Solerib.B.G.Skinnerc.Steve Gaskind.Buckminster Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on?a.The philosophy of"do your own thing"b.Virginaia in the late1960sc.The ideas of psychologistd.The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an"archology"?a.A person who studies archaeologyb.A large building where people live closely togetherc.A city in A rizonad.A technique to contorl people答案:abdcb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之八(含答案)There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence.The first is the sort of brain he is born with.Human brains differ considerably,some being more capable than others.But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with,an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared.If an individual is handicapped envionmentally,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins,Peter and Mark X.Being identical,the twins had identical brains at birth,and their growth processes were the same.When the twins were three months old,their parents died,and they were placed in separate foster homes.Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college.He was read to as a child,sent to good schools,and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens,when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence.Mark's I.Q.was125,twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.Given equal opportunities,the twins,having identical brains,would have tested at roughly thesame level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that_____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced.persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage,the average I.Q.is_____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that_______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual's I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood答案:bcbcc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之九(含答案)As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother,who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience:people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest,Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display."They are real silk,"the assistant assured her,trying to tempt her."Worth double the price."But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance,stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter.She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable.Edith did not hesitate for long:although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally,she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag,her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood,"Y our father has at last to decided to stop smoking."She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father_______.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.a.attractiveb.interested in tiesc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.a.coustomers trod on each other's toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry答案:dbdcd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之十(含答案)If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate,there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the21st century,if present trends continue,we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else.But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable ofsupporting life at present.One possible solution to the problem,however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of V enus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself.The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on V enus.As soon as this has been done,the algae will be placed in smallrockets.Spaceship will then fly to V enus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere.In a fairly short time,the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work,the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on V enus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain.The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on V enus.1.Inte long run,the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that V enus might be colonized from earth because_____a.it might be possible to change its atmosphereb.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc.there is a good supply of water on V enusd.the days on V enus are long enough3.On V enus there is a lot of________.a.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5.Man can land on V enus only when_______.a.the algae have done their workb.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there答案:cabdd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之十一(含答案)What is your favourite colour?Do you like yellow,orange,red?If you do,you must be an optimist,a leader,an active person who enjoys life,people and excitement.Do you prefer greys and blues?Then you are probably quiet,shy,and you would rather follow than lead.You tend to be a pessimist.At least,this is what psychologists tell us,and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference,as well as the effect that colours have on human beings.They tells us,among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown,you did so,as soon as you opened your eyes,or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it.A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one;and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day.On the other hand,black is depressing.A black bridge over the Thames River,near London,used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active.It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."Y ou would rather follow than red"means_______.a.you don't like to follow othersb.you would be a member rather than a leaderc.you would be afraid of following othersd.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2.If one enjoys life,one is sure to prefer________.a.red to yellowb.blue to orangec.red to greyd.blue to yellow3."They tell us,among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up.""Among other facts" means______.a.besides other factsb.in regard to other factsc.not considering other factsd.according to other facts4.Which of the following is facts?a.People's preference of one colour to another is instinctb.People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.c.More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were bornd.Colours have little influence on our moods5.Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near london to others because of_______.。

大学生英语四级阅读模拟练习题带答案

大学生英语四级阅读模拟练习题带答案

大学生英语四级阅读模拟练习题带答案大学生英语四级阅读模拟练习题带答案2017年英语考试备考工作正在进行中,备考复习资料必不可少,下面是小编为大家搜索整理的英语四级辅导练习,希望能给大家带来帮助!As regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known English class system. 『This is an embarrassing subject for English people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system less rigid.』① But it still exists below the surface. Broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and the “working class”. (We shall ignore for a moment the old “upper class”, including the hereditary aristocracy, since it is extremely small in numbers; but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords, and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life.) The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers.The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. Middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of E nglish spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two-class education system. To have been to a so-called “public school” immediately marks you out as one of the middle class. The middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usuallymore cultured. Their midday meal is “lunch” and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner”, whereas the working man‘s dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper.As we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions. 『Working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. 』②However, regardless of one‘s social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a labourer with the same respect he gives an important businessman. Servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike. Even the word “sir”, except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army etc.) sounds too servile to be commonly used.1. The middle class mainly refers to people ______.A. who were born as aristocratB. who have the right to sit in the House of LordsC. who speak in many different local accentsD. who are prosperous businessmen or who work in some professions2. The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in English is their ______.A. dressB. workC. accentD. meal3. Why isn‘t the word “sir” commonly used in Britain?A. Because it sounds too servile and is likely to cause embarrassment.B. Because it can only be used in some certain occupations.C. Because it is an impolite word.D. Because it shows that the speaker is not a well-bred person.4. The “upper class” in England today ______.A. are extremely small in number so that media pays no attention to themB. still uses old words like “Sir” in their everyday lifeC. includes the hereditary aristocracyD. refers only to the royal family5. Which of the following is not true about the English class system?A. It is an embarrassing subject for English people.B. Working-class students cannot receive a university education.C. The class system is much less rigid than it was.D. The class system still exists below the surface.词汇与短语1. convention n. 习俗2. embarrass v. 使困窘3.rigid adj. 严格4. hereditary adj. 世袭的5.manual adj. 体力的6. accent n. 口音7. received pronunciation adj. (英语的)标准发音8.well-bred adj. 有教养的9. servility n. 卑屈10. occupation n. 职业长难句解析①【解析】这是一个复合句,主句由“and”引导的两个并列句组成,“though”引导的让步状语从句,也是由两个并列的句子组成。

大学英语四级级阅读理解每日一练

大学英语四级级阅读理解每日一练

大学英语四级级阅读理解每日一练一Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on peoples physical or psychological health. What are positive ions Well, the air is full of ions,electrically charged particles, and generally thereis a rough balance between the positive and thenegative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm,earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral, Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoorsfrom carpets or clothing made of man-made fibres, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens. When a large number of positive ions are present inthe air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and someparticularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected,particularly before earthquakes, snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California. Conversely,when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls. To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionisers: small portable machines, which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve thehealth of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists,who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.1.What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some peopleA.They think they are insane.B.They feel rather bad-tempered and short-fussed.C.They become violently sick.D.They are too tired to do anything.2.In accordance with the passage, static electricity can be caused by___.ing home-made electrical goods.B.wearing clothes made of natural materials.C.walking on artificial floor coverings.D.copying TV programs on a computer.3.A high negative ion count is likely to befound___.A.near a pound with a water pump.B.close to a slow-flowing river.C.high in some barren mountains.D.by a rotating water sprinkler.4.What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoorsA.Ionisers.B.Air-conditioners.C.Exhaust-fansD.Vacuum pumps.5.Some scientists believe that___.A.watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismography.B.the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trusted.C.neither watching nor using seismographs is reliable.D.earthquake答案:BCDAA二Which is safer-staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working in the officeSurprisingly, each of these carries the same risk,which is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact, the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately, they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at Texas City (1947),Flixborough (1974), Seveso (1976),Pemex (1984) and Bhopal (1984)。

大学英语四级阅读练习及参考答案

大学英语四级阅读练习及参考答案

大学英语四级阅读练习及参考答案导读:我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《大学英语四级阅读练习及参考答案》的内容,具体内容:下面是我整理的,希望对大家有帮助。

:Directions:There are 2 passages in this secaon.Each passage isfoll...下面是我整理的,希望对大家有帮助。

:Directions:There are 2 passages in this secaon.Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each ofthem there arefour choices marked A.,B.,C.andD..You shouM decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuesaons 56 to60 are based on thefollowingpassage.When it comes to noise cancelling headphones,sometimes the best offense is a good defense.While there are plenty of active noise cancelling headphones that use a complex(and pricey)method to block distracting sounds,there are simpler ways.How about headphones with a snug fit that simply plug up your ear canals?This process is called passive isolation.Its not uncommon for a consumer faced with the choice between thedescriptors"passive"and"active"to choose the stronger-sounding technology,but great passive isolation can be just as effective and cost a lot less.The AKG K323 XS headphones($59 MSRP)are just such a pair.Sleek and portable,they produce a huge sound marked with prominent bass,supportive mids,and very healthy highs.Theyre also the best passive isolators that weve tested in a long time.Like most in-ears,the XS headphones are quite small and simply designed,available in white,blue,orange.yellow,green—the list goes on.The Android version packs a one-button universal remote,and theres also a three.button version for iOS.The XSs teeny formfactor,featherweight frame,and smalI carry case are additional on.the.go perks(特权享受).The cable is simple,but of decent quality,Its shorter than most cords—just 3.5 feet—which may or may not be desirable depending on how you use them.Ears come in all different shapes.and so do the speaker covers.AKG includes four different options:extra small,small,medium,and large.In the audio test labs.these AKGs proved to be a straight.A student.Thanks to moderate bass notes and very prominent middle and high notes,music sounds both full and balanced.From classical,to jazz,to hip hop,every genre benefits from this even-handed sound quality.Listeners will enjoy big,thumping bass that doesnt obscure subtler insmunents like violin and piano.These tiny in.ears aced distortion tests,to—you wont find one drop of unwanted or distorted sound.The K323 XS really shines.even in a crowded market.Its hard to pick which glowing attribute to praise first:The massive,well.balanced sound stage?The distortion.free listening experience?The$59 price tag?The monster isolation?Thetiny,portable design?These AKGs are simply aces(王牌),and online sale prices of around$40 kick everything up another notch(等级).56.What can you learn from the first two paragraphs?A.All active isolators are technically complex.B.Consumers are more likely to choose active isolators.C. Passive isolation isnt as effective as the active one.D.Consumers prefer those low-priced passive isolators.57.What are the extra perks of XS?A. The tiny shape。

大学生英语四级考试阅读练习题及答案

大学生英语四级考试阅读练习题及答案

大学生英语四级考试阅读练习题及答案大学生英语四级考试阅读精选练习题及答案英语作为文科科目当中的一个重要组成部分,需要记忆理解的东西比理科要多的多,所以复习的战线需要拉得更长,下面是小编为大家搜索整理的英语四级辅导练习,希望能给大家带来帮助!According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today’s traditional-agecollege freshmen are ”more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective “is to be financially well o ff. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the“altruistic”fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job-even before she completed her two-yearassociate degree.While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions m be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying thediverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business.No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,”he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”From the long-term point of view, that’s what education really ought to be about.练习题:Choose correct answers to the question:1. According to the author’s observati on, college students _______.A. have never been so materialistic as todayB. have never been so interested in the artsC. have never been so financially well off as todayD. have never attached so much importance to moral sense2. The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _______.A. the influences of their instructorsB. the financial goals they seek in lifeC. their own interpretations of the coursesD. their understanding of the contributions of others3. By saying “While it’s true that ... be they scientific or artistic” (Lines 1-3, Para. 5), the author means that _______.A. business management should be included in educational programsB. human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC. human intellectual development has reached new heightsD. the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked4. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________.A. create varying artistic interestsB. help people see things in their right perspectiveC. help improve connections among peopleD. regulate the behavior of modern people5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B. Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C. People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D. Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.参考答案1.[A]事实细节题。

大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练

大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练

大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练近年来,大学英语四级考试越来越重视阅读能力的考查。

每年出现在考试中的阅读材料多样化,不仅涵盖了各个领域的内容,同时也注重培养学生的跨文化交际能力。

因此,养成每日阅读习惯,进行阅读练习是每个英语四级考试考生必备的基本素质。

每日阅读不仅可以增加阅读量,提高阅读速度,同时也可以在短时间内丰富词汇量,掌握语言表达。

许多英语四级考生可能会抱怨阅读材料难度太高,生词量太大,但事实上,如果每天坚持读一些英文原版书籍、杂志或报纸,逐渐习惯英文文章的阅读和思考,那么对于四级阅读材料的应对能力一定会有大幅度提高。

同时,阅读过程中不应只注重获取表面意义,而应努力理解文章背后的文化内涵和语言特征。

阅读材料中常常包含了许多老派文化、流行文化、社会现象和当地习惯等等,这些内容虽然和考试难度关系不大,但却是培养跨文化交际能力的重要手段。

其次,多样化的阅读内容,可以让英语四级考生对不同领域的词汇、句式有所了解。

例如科技、经济、文化、历史等各个领域的原版材料中蕴含的词汇、句式对于扩充英语理解和翻译能力有
着不可忽视的意义。

同时,每个领域领域之间的关联性也将帮助英语四级考生形成更完整的语言认知结构。

最后,考生在阅读材料中应注重阅读技巧的培养。

对于文章的整体理解、段落理解和语句理解都需要细节把握来保持准确性。

同时,在考试时,正确运用推断、归纳、判断的方法对文章进行分析,是获取高分的关键。

综上所述,无论是对于英语四级考试还是英语学习在普及阶段的考生来说,每日英语阅读都是必不可少的。

除了帮助考生提升语言技能,拓宽数量同样重要的也包括拓宽思维,从全新的文化角度去思考和理解世界。

大学英语四级阅读练习附答案

大学英语四级阅读练习附答案

大学英语四级阅读练习附答案Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receivesupport from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on theirinterpersonal ties. Those of us with strong supportsystems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles 困难. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over arange of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off 挡开 illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health morelikely.Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted byothers despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them.Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting 转移…注意力 us fromour worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope withour problems.36. Interpersonal relationships are important because ________.A they are indispensable to people’s social well-beingB the y awaken people’s desire to exchange resourcesC they help people to cope with life in the information eraD they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc37. Research shows that people’s physical and mental health ________.A relies on the social welfare systems which support themB has much to do with the amount of support they get from othersC depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troublesD is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives38. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions” Line 1, Para. 2?A Adds up to.B Does away with.C Lessens the effect of.D Lays the foundation for.39. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of________.A instrumental supportB informational supportC social companionshipD the strengthening of self-respect40. Social companionship is beneficial in that ________.A it helps strengthen our ties with relativesB it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakesC it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyableD it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles36. A 37. B 38. C 39.A 40. DDogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even biteyou. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behaviorproblems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just aboutany problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary toestablish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack 群 by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate 从属的 role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs loveperforming tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely beallowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.21. Behavior problems of dogs are believe to ________.A be just part of their natureB worsen in modern societyC occur when they go wildD present a threat to the community22. The primary purpose of obedience training is to ________.A teach the dog to perform clever tricksB make the dog aware of its owner’s authorityC provide the dog with outlets for its wild behaviorD enable the dog to regain its normal behavior23. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is ________.A essential to solving the dog’s behavior problemsB the foundation for dogs to perform tasksC a good way to teach the dog new tricksD an extreme measure in obedience training24. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?A To avoid being punished.B To show their affection for their masters.C To win leadership of the dog pack.D To show their willingness to obey.25. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner ________.A can give the dog more rewardsB will enjoy a better family lifeC can give the dog more freedomD will have more confidence in himself21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. C感谢您的阅读,祝您生活愉快。

英语四级阅读理解强化练习附答案

英语四级阅读理解强化练习附答案

英语四级阅读理解强化练习附答案英语四级阅读理解强化练习1:Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should "cut the (umbilical) cord" and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" and to "stand on their own two feet".Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing autonomy. Nine-or ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers (13 to 18 years) may baby-sit neighbors homes in order to earn a few dollar a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them forfuture financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciate the value of money.21. According to this passage, the way people treat newborns _____.A) is a sign of their customsB) is an indication of their level of knowledgeC) symbolizes their social systemD) varies from culture to culture22. The expression, "to cut the cord", is used to show that _____.A) children dont like their parentsB) parents dont feel close to their childrenC) parents would not like to live together with their childrenD) independence from ones family is an important personal goal in USA23. Children who are "tied to the apron strings" _____.A) are caught in their mothers apronsB) must always wear an apron when they eatC) are very dependent on their mothersD) are independent from their parents24. American people often let their children work for money outside the home at a very early age because _____.A) children have to earn money to help the familyB) they need more moneyC) they want them to begin establishing autonomyD) children have to save money for future use25. It can be inferred from this passage that _____.A) Americans are money loversB) Americans admire independenceC) Americans are good at decision-makingD) Americans are all responsible英语四级阅读理解强化练习答案:ADCCB英语四级阅读理解强化练习2:Many people believe that the glare from snow causes snowblindness. Yet, dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light".The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a mans eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation byproducing more and more fluid which covers the eyeballs. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obscured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness.Experiments led to the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.26. To prevent headache, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark glasses are _____.A) indispensableB) usefulC) ineffectiveD) available27. When the eyes are sore tears are produced to _____.A) clear the visionB) remedy snowblindnessC) ease the irritationD) loosen the muscles28. Snowblindness may be avoided by _____.A) concentrating on the solid white terrainB) searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrainC) providing the eyes with something to focus onD) covering the eyeballs with fluid29. The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because _____.A) tears cover the eyeballsB) the eyes are irritated by blinding sunlightC) the eyes are irritated by blinding snowD) there is nothing to focus on30. A suitable title for the passage would be _____.A) Snowblindness and How to Overcome ItB) Natures Cure for SnowblindnessC) Soldiers in the SnowD) Snow Vision英语四级阅读理解强化练习答案:CCCDA。

CET4级阅读每日一练

CET4级阅读每日一练

More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (诈骗) the most confidential (保密)records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.1. It can be concluded from the passage that _______________.A) it is still impossible to detect computer crimes todayB)people commit computer crimes at the request of their companyC) computer criminals escape punishment because they can’t be detectedD) computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions2. It is implied in the third paragraph that _________________.A) most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luckB)the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problemC) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimesD) many more computer crimes go undetected that are discovered3. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?A) A strict law against computer crimes must be enforcedB) Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputationC) Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputationD) Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information4. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?A) With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.B)They may walk away and easily find another job.C) They will be denied access to confidential recordsD) They must leave the country to go to jail.5. The passage is mainly about _________________.A) why computer criminals are often able to escape punishmentB)why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspectionsC) how computer criminals mange to get good recommendations from their former employersD) why computer crimes can’t be eliminated1. D) 本题主要由第一段的内容推理出来,同时兼用排除法。

四级阅读理解精炼习题及参考答案

四级阅读理解精炼习题及参考答案

四级阅读理解精炼习题及参考答案参考答案:Ⅰ. 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. FⅡ. Not totally, they offer more luxurious services,longer hours. 译文:在临东京湾的时髦地区出现了奇特的仿古式场景。

它是一个温泉疗养中心, 里面逼真地模拟了日本江户末年街道、小餐馆、商店的情景, 那些年日本尚未因外来力量的冲击而发生改变。

这个名为“江户温泉神话”的浴场是董事长中村勇夫多年的梦想。

中村勇夫惋惜战后日*化的美国化及其对东京的影响。

“过去我们告诉国外游客到京都去体味和享受古朴的日本, ”中村说:“如今他们可以来这里。

”在日本的黄金时代温泉浴行业有前景的想法已经得到映证。

现在人们甚至用一个专门的词——— iyashi-sangyo , 即治疗产业, 来表示这一行业。

该行业通过提供各种服务来缓解日本似乎无止尽的经济衰退引起的焦虑。

其中包括: 熏香、按摩和短期的田间劳作, 但这些都不及温泉受欢迎, 温泉的治疗效果已是久负盛名。

日本是火山群岛, 有三万多处然温泉和三千多处大多分布在乡间小旅馆里的温泉胜地。

中村建设中的这家浴场规模和排场都是史无前例的, 是一座位于东京市中心的具有乡村风情的庞大的浴室和主题公园。

另外还有两家温泉疗养中心正在建设中, 其中一家造价比中村浴场的四千六百万美元几乎高出三倍。

在一所大学研究温泉文化的教授松田忠德说, 在市中心快速矗立起的这些庞大的设施, 暗示人们对经济的焦虑“已经一触即发”, 而投资者们想从中渔利。

东京新的浴场和传统的澡堂大同小异。

在一般的澡堂, 客人花4 美元用普通的水洗刷一下, 午夜打烊时, 他们就得离开。

东京所有新建的浴场都要用抽自地下1 700 米深处的真正的矿物温泉水。

他们提供每次最低消费为20 美元的时间更长、更舒适的服务。

尽管这股建设热潮中存在风险, 但是在日本温泉浴行业似乎充满了商机: 现有的温泉浴场每年接待3 亿白天来访的客人。

大学CET4考试阅读练习及答案

大学CET4考试阅读练习及答案

大学CET4考试阅读练习及答案大学CET4考试阅读练习及答案学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的大学CET4考试阅读练习及答案,希望能个大家带来帮助!The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the massacre on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people or ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence.Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychological condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can distort drivers' reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one's emotions under control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers. Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations; they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents. And many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicle havebeen raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things pose a threat to those with whom they share the road.62. The word “massacre” in line 3 paragraph one means _____A) mass-killing.B) disaster.C) tragedy.D) accident.63. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A) T o show that the motor vehicle is a very dangerous invention.B) To promote understanding between careless drivers and street walkers.C) To discuss traffic problems and propose possible solutions.D) To warn drivers of the importance of safe driving.64. According to the passage, traffic accidents may be regarded as a social problem because _____.A) autos have become most destructive to mankindB) people usually pay little attention to law and moralityC) civilization brings much harm to peopleD) the lack of virtue is becoming more severe65. Why does the author mention the psychological condition of the driver in Paragraph Three?A) To give an example of the various reasons for road accidents.B) To show how important it is for drivers to be emotionally healthy.C) To show some of the inaccurate estimations by researchers.D) To illustrate the hidden tensions in the course of driving.66. Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accidents?A) Careless bicycle-riders.B) Mindless people walking in the street.C) Irresponsible drivers.D) Irresponsible manufactures of automobiles.答案解析:62-66:ACBBD。

英语等级考试四级阅读题每日一练

英语等级考试四级阅读题每日一练

英语等级考试四级阅读题每日一练英语等级考试四级阅读题每日一练Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的'英语等级考试四级阅读题每日一练,希望能给大家带来帮助!Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War Ⅱ,an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy...demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate." Americans have responded to Lebow's call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economics-Japan and the United States-show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent. Overconsumption by the world's fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate. Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches. Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow, that misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what areessentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things. Of course, the opposite of overconsumption, poverty, is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash, and burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert. If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough .What level of consumption can the earth support ?When dose having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?1. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II .A) led to the reform of the retailing systemB) resulted in the worship of consumerismC )ve rise to the dominance of the new egoismD) gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers2. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption isA) the people's desire for a rise in their living standardsB) the concept that one's success is measured by how much they consumeC) the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD) the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals3. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A) Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B) Because overconsumption won't last long due to unrestricted population growth.C) Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.D) Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.4. According to the passage, consumerist culture .A) will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countriesB) will not aggravate environmental problemsC) cannot thrive on a fragile economyD) cannot satisfy human spiritual needs5. It can be inferred from the passage that .A) human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB) whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueC) how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemD) there is never an end to satisfying people's material needs。

大学英语四级考试阅读练习题及答案

大学英语四级考试阅读练习题及答案

大学英语四级考试阅读练习题及答案2022年大学英语四级考试阅读练习题及答案现如今,我们或多或少都会接触到练习题,通过这些形形色色的习题,使得我们得以有机会认识事物的方方面面,认识概括化图式多样化的具体变式,从而使我们对原理和规律的认识更加的深入。

什么样的习题才能有效帮助到我们呢?下面是店铺帮大家整理的2022年大学英语四级考试阅读练习题及答案,欢迎大家分享。

When we analyze the salt salinity of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salt stays behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation.Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associatedwith the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind.. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the world.26. This passage mainly tells us about_______.A. the analysis of the salinity of ocean watersB. the causes of the variation in oceanic salinityC. the importance of the changes in oceanic salinityD. the different forms of salts in ocean waters27.It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused by______.A. melting of sea iceB. precipitationC. evaporationD. supplement of salt28.Which of the following is not the cause of the decrease in the oceanic salinity?A. Precipitation.B. Rain and snow.C. Formation of ice.D. Addition of water by rivers.29.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Oceanic salinity has great effect on sea life.B. Many factors combine to cause changes in oceanic salinity.C. The movement of the water is related to the amount of salt.D. The temperature of the water has much to do with theoceanic salinity.30.The purpose of mentioning the Weddell Sea is_______.A. to give an example of cold-water salinityB. to point out the location of deep watersC. to make a comparison between hot-water salinity and cold-water salinityD. to show that the water in the Weddell Sea varies in salinity from place to place答案:26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. A大学英语四级考试阅读练习题及答案篇1Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echolocation (回声定位) in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly practical role.To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyoneknows that if he shouts near a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstacle, the longer time it will take for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the main body of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps andthe receipt of the echoes the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding equipment, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step fromlocating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved equipment, it is now possible not only to locate fish but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.A few years ago it was found that certain bats emit squeaks (吱吱声) and by receiving ’he echoes they could locate and steer clear of obstacles--or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echolocation in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.练习题:Choose correct answers to the question:1.The main purpose of this passage is to ______.A. describe that animals can make different soundsB. prove that animals’ voices can play practical rolesC. inspire the readers to make more inventionsD. startle the readers with some shocking facts2. The discovery of echolocation may help with all of the following EXCEPTA. measuring the depth of the seaB. distinguishing different kinds of fishC. improving the functions of radarD. varying the size and nature of an object3. By saying "A shoal of fish will do this"(Lines 6-7, Para. 2), the author means ________.A. only one special kind of fish can reflect soundsB. only one special kind of fish can be used to help locate a shipC. a large group of fish can reflect soundsD. a large group of fish can be used to help locate a ship4. As it is discussed in the passage, the squeaks of bats can be functionally compared with ________.A. human languagesB. a mountainsideC. a shoal of fishD. taps on a ship5. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?A. Animals are more intelligent than humans.B. Humans are more intelligent than animals.C. Animals are often compared with human inventions.D. Humans are often inspired by animals.答案解析1.[B] 主旨大意题。

英语四级阅读练习与答案

英语四级阅读练习与答案

...英语四级阅读练习及答案Passage One:As the horizons of science have expended, two main groups ofscientists have emerged. One is the pure scientist, the other,applied scientist.The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order tounderstand the basic laws of the nature that govern our world.The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practice problems.Neither is more important than the others, however, for the groupsare very much related.f Sometimes, however, the applied scientist finds the“ problems 〞the theoretical scientist to work on. Let’ s take a particular problemof the aircraft industry: heat-resistant metals. Many of the metalsand alloys that perform satisfactorily in car cannot be used in ajet-propelled (喷气推进式 ) plane, New alloys must be used, becausethe jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than anautomobile engine. The turbine wheel涡(轮 ) in a turbojet (涡轮喷气发动机 ) must withstand temperatures as high as 1,600 degreesFahrenheit, so air craft designers have to turn to the researchmetallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would dothe job in jet-propelled planes.Diving scientists into two groups-pure and applied-is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences have become more and more interrelated until no branch is entirely independent of the others. Many new specialties-geophysics and biochemistry, for example-have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more science.1.The applied scientistA)does original research to the basic laws of natureB)applied the result of research to practical problemsC)provides the basic knowledge for the pure scientistD)is not interested in practical problems2. The example given in the third paragraph illustrates howA)pure science operates independently of applied scienceB)the applied scientist discover the basic laws of natureC)applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is doneD)applied science suggests problems for the basic scientist3.Finer and finer subdivision in the field of science has resultedinA)the loss of the need for specialistsB)greater interdependence of each scienceC)greater dependence of each scienceD)the need for only one classification ifscientists 4. Geophysics and biochemistry are .A)examples of new specialties resulting from combing sciencesB)totally dependent sciencesC)among the oldest sciences known to manD)both B)and C)5.“ The horizons of science have expanded,〞(para 1) means thatA)scientists can see further out into spaceB)science has developedmore field of human endeavorC)the horizon changes size from year to yearD)scientists have made a machine for enlarging the horizon Passage Two:Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for granted, we often don’ t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with only a number ofpeople, we are usually friends with only a very few. For example,the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationship, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary enormously .As we get to know people we take into account things like ages ,race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usually for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitude and interests in common—they oftentalk about“ being on the same wavelength〞. It generally takes timeto reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break an promise. Equally, friendshave to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerant differences of opinion.In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond,which can overcome differences in background and break downof age, class and race.6.According to the author,.A)all those who get on well with each other are friendsB)friends are closer than people who just get on well with each otherC)everyone understand clearly how to make friendsD)every students has 6 friends7.When we make friends, we consider such things as age, race and background becauseA)it is not easy to have a friendly relationship with people when there is a marked difference in age and backgroundB)the degreed of friendship between people and the reasonfor their shared interests can vary greatlyC)friends need to know all these thingsD)these are the most important factors to make friends8. In paragraph 2 ,“ being on the same wavelength. 〞 meansA)using the same frequency while talkingB)keeping the same friendly relationship as other people doC)having similar ideas, beliefs, attitudes and interestsD)having the same background9. Which of the following is not implied or directly stated in thepassage?A)Even friends may have differences of opinionsB)Friends never argue with each otherC)It generally takes time for people to become close friends.D)Someone’s habits may annoy his friends.10. To strengthen friendly relationship, peopleA)must hold friendship ceremoniesB)have to eliminate differences in backgroundC)should make friends with those who are of the same age and the same raceD)should support and understand each other throughshared experiences and emotionsPassage Three:The movement toward centralization of authority in state departments of education has in some cases created friction with communities, which regard this modern policy as usurpation(篡夺 ,夺取 )of their rights. Constitutionally, there can be no doubt that thestate has a right to prescribe(指示 )to the local districts in any degree which it will. Legislatures(立法机构 )have been given power by State Constitutions which make them the most importantpolicy-making agent for education in a state. Legislatures establish the framework(机构 )for education; they make direct appropriations for education; they create educational institutions; and they determine whether of not certain educational programs are to be authorized, expanded, decreased, or eliminated(废除 ).The Legislature usually authorizes a State education department to administer its policies. It may, however, provide for a state board of education to advise it regarding policy and to administer the educational program. The central agency may define the extent of the local district and may determine in detail what shall be done within this district. While this is the constitutional right of the state, the practical fact is that the local district conducts its schools in very large measure according to its own desires, and local officers often talk upon state supervision as indefensible interference11. About the centralization of authority in state department of education, some communities feel that .A)their rights are improvedB)their rights are ignoredC)their rights are violatedD)their rights are protected12.According to the article, which of the following rights areNOT belong to the state?A)The right to administer entrance examination.B)The right to expand or decrease educational programs.C)The right to budget school programsD)The right to created educational institutions.13. What does the Legislature usually do in administering Policies?A)It administers policies by itself.B)It authorizes a State education department administer its policies.C)It is authorized by a State education departmentto administer its policies.D)It authorizes a state board of education to administer the educational program.14. Which of the following is NOT true about actualeducational situation?A)The local district has a lot of control over its schoolsB)The central agency may extend the extent of the local districtsC)State supervision is not always welcome to local districts.D)Local officers forbid State supervision if they think it is a kind of interference15. which of the following titles can best summarize the article?A)The Legislature Administers its PoliciesB)The Centralization of Authority in State Department ofEducationC)The Role of the State in EducationD)The Rights of the Local DistrictsPassage Four:Some people believed that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: those international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only was the recent incident of tragedy involving murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by mi-nor national contests.One country received its second-place medals with visible anger after the hockey(曲棍球 )dinal, There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the loser objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and their opponents’ victory was unfair. The presidentof the Federation(联合会 )said later that such behavior couldresult in the suspension of the team for at least three years.The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disorder. It was thought at first that the United States had won by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player plopped it into the basket. It was the first time the US had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. Thesuggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or innon-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive(行为过分的 )patriotism(爱国心 ).16.The author thinks that in recent years Olympic gameshave.A)showed little international friendshipB)greatly encouraged international brotherhoodC)created goodwill between the nationsD)created only misunderstanding and hatred’ t hockey.17. What did the manager mean by saying“ This isnHockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished 〞?A)This is not a standard hockey matchB)The Federation would not exist any longer after thismatch was overC)His team would not enter the game in three yearsD)The unfair decisions ruined both hockey and the Federation.18. The basketball match showed thatA)the Russian team should not have taken advantage of thelast three seconds.B)aggressive patriotism was displayed in the incident.C)The appeal jury was too ineffective in making a decisionD)the American team should have taken the first place.ndrd19. The author gives 2 examples in the 2 and the 3 paragraphs isin order to show thatA)contests often end in disorderB)no contest is fair in Olympic GamesC)competition discourages international friendshipD)unfair decisions are common in sports20. Which statement best summarizes this passage?A)Athletes should compete as individualsB)The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.C)Any team that has disrespectful behavior should be suspended.D)Different teams often have disputes when fighting for the first place.Passage Five:Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition is stressful; it is often at its most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. The presence of huge numbers of people inevitably involves more conflict, more traveling, the overloading of public services and exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but today’ s ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that itsextent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the tear of crime around them.As a defence against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure of pleasure. There are other are other strategies, too, which are positively harmful to the individual, for example, reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, all these defensive forms of behavior are harmful to society in general; they cause widespread loneliness and destroy thecommunity ’s concern for its members. Lack of informal social contact and indifference to the misfortunes of others, if they are not personally known to oneself, are amongst the major causes of urban crime.Inner areas of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who have done badly in the competitive struggleor who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped because so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond.Present-day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old established neighborhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by huge, ugly, impersonal structures, People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be rehoused in tower blocks which are drab(单调乏味的 ), inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. This destruction of established social structures is the worst possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve the human scale of the environment, and to retain familiar landmarks.21. According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so many people who are.A)In need of helpB)naturally aggressiveC)likely to commit crimeD)anxious to succeed22. The author thinks that crime is increasing cities because .A)criminals are difficult to trace in large populationsB)people do not communicate with their neighborsC)people feel anonymous thereD)the trappings of success are attractive to criminals23.According to the article, what is the worst problem facing people living in cities?A)Crime.B)Finding somewhere to live.C)Social isolation.D)Drugs and alcoholism.24.The majority of people who live in inner cities do so because they.A)have been forced by circumstances to do soB)have turned against societyC)dislike having to travel far to workD)don ’t like the idea of living in the suburbs25. Architectural changes have affected city life by.A)forcing people to live on top of each otherB)making people move to the suburbsC)giving the individual a say in planningD)dispersing long-established communitiesPassage Six:People do not travel for pleasure on the roads and trains leadinginto cities on weekday mornings; they are commuting. Commuters represent the exact opposite of Robert Louis Stevenson’s view of traveling that“ For my part, I travel not to go anywhere, but to go. I travel for travel ’ s sake. 〞 Commuters travel because they have to; the destination is the only thing that matters.Commuting is modern. Up until the 1950’ s most workersdin livethe shadow of their workplace and within earshot of its whistle or hooter; people walked or cycled to work, even going home for their lunch. As cities grow and as the pressure on city center property increases, so ever more people have had to move further awayfrom their place of work. The suburbs grow and this results in the awful rush hours, many of which tail back to the suburbs themselves, To ease the commuter congestion city governmentsbuild new roads, especially ring roads, but these generate more traffic, adding to the traffic jams and bad health. San Francisco introduced BART (the Bay Area Rapid Transit) to take the pressureoff its roads, but after an initial positive response the scheme was overtaken by the sheer magnitude of commuter growth.Trains and subway systems are little better. In Tokyo“ pushers〞employed to squeeze commuters into carriages, in London and New York the underground systems are near capacity and unpleasant toride. In Paris petty crime on the Metro (地铁 ) is widespread. InSoweto the trains are so crowded that commuters hang on theoutside of the “ back only 〞 trains. The associated health hazards are rivaled by those caused by traffic accidents and the stress-related diseases created by the tension in all forms of commuting.The bigger the city, the larger the daily commuting public and thelonger the distances traveled. Many commuters see neither theirhouse nor their children in daylight for almost six months of theyear. In a large city like London the average daily time spentcommuting to and from work is almost two hours. As a workingday is eight hours or less, this means that the average commuterreally “ works〞 in excess of a six day week. Cities which try toalleviate the lot of the commuter are those which are most worthliving in, but it is a hard and uphill task to do anything constructive.〞 metro stations surround Washington, but Special“ Kiss and Rideare as little used as the -On〞“busRides. People appear toprefer the traffic jams on the Beltway.of Although most people dislike the unpleasant“dead time〞commuting, some people turn it to their advantage. J. M. Keyneswrote his General Theory en route from London to Cambridge, andthere are classes in French, business studies, bridge and chess(among other topics) on commuter trains into the London main-linestations. Other people, especially those who can afford the comfortof first-class tickets, catch up on their reading, do the preparationfor the day ’ s work, use their computers or the train telephones, or listen to music Others take the view that commuting should make you fit. They walk, run, cycle, row, sail, skate and skate-board into work.26.San Francisco ’ s Bay Area Rapid Transit scheme .A)took a long time to become successfulB)was eagerly awaitedC)could not cope with the numbers of passengersD)has been a big success27.As a solution to the rise in the number of commuters, trains and subways are.A)more effective than new roadsB)not as effective as new roadsC)rather more effective than new roadsD)scarcely any more effective than new roabs28. It is more pleasant to live in cities which.A)are small enough for people not to need to commuteB)encourage commutingC)have efficient public transport systemsD) improve conditions for commuters29. Washington’ s metro trains are.A)less popular than its busesB)more popular than its busesC)as popular as its busesD)as unpopular as its buses30. The majority of travelers.A)don ’t enjoy wasting their time commutingB)make the most of the time they spend commutingC)keep fit while commutingD)exercise their minds while commutingPassage Seven:One phase of the business cycle is the expansion phase. This phase is two-fold one, including recovery and prosperity. During the recovery period there is ever-growing expansion of existing facilities, and new facilities for production are created. More businesses are created and older ones expanded. Improvements of various kinds are made. There is an ever increasing optimism about the future of economic growth.Much capital is invested in machinery or "heavy" industry. More labor is employed. More raw materials are required. As one part of the economyDevelops, other parts are affected. For example, a great expansion in automobiles results in an expansion of the steel, glass and rubber industries. Roads are required, thus the cement and machinery industries are stimulatedDemand for labor and materials results in greater prosperity for workers and supplest of raw materials, including the various segments of the population. This prosperity period may continue to rise and rise without an apparent end. However, a time comes when this phase reaches a peak and stops spiraling upwards. This is the end of the expansion phase.31.We may assume that in the next paragraph the authorwill discuss____.A. cyclical industriesB.union demandsC. the higher cost of livingD.economic declineperiod32.The title below that best expresses the idea of this passage is_____A The Recovery Stage B. Attain prosperityC.an Expanding societyD. the Period of GoodTimes33. Prosperity in one industry_____A. reflects itself in many other industriesB. will spiralupwardsC. will end abruptlyD. will help all segments of societyexcept the farm34 Which of the fooling industries will probably be a good indicator of the period of expansion?A. Foodstuffs.B.Machine toolsC.Cosmetics DFarming35. During the period of prosperity, people regard the future _____.A. cautiouslyB. in a confident mannerC.indffferently D in ahappy moodPassage Eight:On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more such organized activities as soccer and ballet芭(蕾舞 ). Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average offour a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however,children ’ s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to25%.“ Children are affected by the same time crunch危(机 ) that affectstheir parents,〞says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent studyof children ’ s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that moremothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children inboth double-income and “male breadwinner 〞 households spentcomparable amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9hours with their single mothers.)All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids.“ Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world andlearns about himself,〞says T. Berry Brazelton, professor atHarvard Medical school. Unstructured play encouragesindependent thinking and allows the young to negotiate theirrelationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing“ free time 〞 watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one’re of the findings parents might regard as good news. If theyspending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren’ treplacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let face it, who’s got the time?36. By mentioning“ the same time crunch〞(Line 1, Para.2) Sandra Hofferth means.A)children have little time to play with their parentsB)both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure timeC)both parents and children have trouble managing their timeD)children are not taken good care of by their working parents37.According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the timecrunch is.A) partially trueB) quite convincingC) rather confusingD) totally groundless38. According to the author a child develops better if.A)he has plenty of time reading and studyingB)he is free to interact with his working parentsC)he is left to play with his peers in his own wayD)he has more time participating in school activities39.The author is concerned about the fact that Americankids.A)are involved less and less in household workB)are spending more and more time watching TVC)are engaged in more and more structured activitiesD)are increasingly neglected by their working mothers40. We can infer from the passage that.A)most parents believe reading to be beneficial to childrenB)efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitfulC)most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched offD) extracurricular activities promote children’s intelligenceKey:1-5. BDBAB21-25 DACAD6-10 BACBD26-30 CDDDA11-15. CABDC31-35 DDABB16-20 ADBCB36-40BACCA。

2021年1月大学英语四级考试阅读附试题和答案_13

2021年1月大学英语四级考试阅读附试题和答案_13

2021年1月大学英语四级考试阅读附试题和答案Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero? Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a herogoes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes.Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may bepossible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.11. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they ________.A) generally possess certain inspiring characteristicsB) probably share some weaknesses of ordinary peopleC) are often influenced by previous generationsD) all unknowingly attract a large number of fans(A)12. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that ________.A) they have a vision from the mountaintopB) they have warm feelings and emotionsC) they can serve as concrete examples of noble principlesD) they can make people feel stronger and more confident(C)13. Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ________.A) they are popular only among certain groups of peopleB) their performances do not improve their fans morallyC) their primary concern is their own financial interestsD) they are not clear about the principles they should follow (B)14. Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who ________.A) are good at demonstrating their charming charactersB) can move the masses with their forceful speechesC) are capable of meeting all challenges and hardshipsD) can provide an answer to the problems of their people(B)15. The author concludes that historical changes would ________.A) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualitiesB) not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrificesC) take place ff there were heroes to lead the peopleD) produce leaders with attractive personalities(A)Passage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over188,000 students, today’s traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic”fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job —even before she completed her two-year associate degree. While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions—be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, instudying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,” he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”From the long-term point of view, that’s what education really ought to be about.16. According to the author’s observation, college students ________.A) have never been so materialistic as todayB) have never been so interested in the artsC) have never been so financially well off as todayD) have never attached so much importance to moral sense(A)17. The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with ________.A) the influences of their instructorsB) the financial goals they seek in lifeC) their own interpretations of the coursesD) their understanding of the contributions of others(B)18. By saying “While it’s true that... be they scientific or artistic” (Lines 1-3, Para. 5), the author means that ________.A) business management should be included in educational programsB) human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC) human intellectual development has reached new heightsD) the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked (D)19. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________.A) create varying artistic interestsB) help people see things in their right perspectiveC) help improve connections among peopleD) regulate the behavior of modern people(B)20. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B) Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.(D)Passage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equalThe employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and cam have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.21. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?A) Critical.B) Prejudiced.C) Indifferent.D) Positive.(D)22. With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople ________.A) have to get familiar with modern technologyB) are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC) are attaching more importance to their overseas businessD) are eager to work overseas(C)23. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind” (Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means ________.A) being unable to think properly for lack of insightB) being totally out of touch with business at homeC) missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD) leaving all care and worry behind(C)24. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?A) Connections with businesses overseas.B) Ability to speak the client’s language.C) Technical know-how.D) Business experience.(B)25. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can ________.A) better control the whole negotiation processB) easily find new approaches to meet market needsC) fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD) easily make friends with businesspeople abroad(A)Passage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald’s and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day” has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, ‘Let’s be nicer,’” says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.”Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful (报复的) consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.”The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.26. It may be inferred from the passage that ________.A) customer service in Israel is now improvingB) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to pleaseC) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to IsraelD) Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones(A)27. In the author’s view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel ________.A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the managementB) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbersC) if there’s no competition among companiesD) without strict routine training of employees(C)28. If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, ________.A) they can have it fixed in no timeB) it’s no longer necessary to make an appointmentC) the appointment takes only half a day to makeD) they only have to wait half an hour at most(D)29. The example of El A1 Airlines shows that ________.A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprisesB) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficultyC) a good slogan has great potential for improving serviceD) staff retraining is essential for better service(D)30. Why did Bezaq’s international branch lose 40% of its market share?A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.B) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.D) Because it no longer received any support from the government.(B)。

最新英语四级考试阅读精炼题及答案

最新英语四级考试阅读精炼题及答案

最新英语四级考试阅读精炼题及答案最新英语四级考试阅读精炼题及答案Take time when time comes lest time steal away.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的最新英语四级考试阅读精炼题及答案,希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth aremainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案:bdbdb。

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最牛英语口语培训模式:躺在家里练口语,全程外教一对一,三个月畅谈无阻!洛基英语,免费体验全部在线一对一课程:/wenkxd.htm(报名网址)Passage 14Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come cross his desk every day. “It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves,”he says.“Resumes arrive with stains. Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, ”Crossley concludes. If they cannot take of these details. “Why should we trust them with a job?”Can we pay too much attention to detail? Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest for the trees,”says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else.”Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. “The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,”says Garfield. “But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary.”Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.Too often we believe what accounts for other’s success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.66. According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected________A) because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resumeB) because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resumeC) because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applicationsD) because they eliminated their names from the applicants list themselves67. The word “perfectionists”(Line 1, Para 3)refers to those who________A) demand others to get everything absolutely rightB) know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstancesC) pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectivesD) are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do68. Which of the following is the author’s advice to the reader?A) Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlookedB) Don’t forget details when drawing picturesC) Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it .D) Careless applicants are not to be trusted.69. The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that_______A) minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectivesB) failure is the mother of successC) adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any workD) keeping one’s goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked70. The best title for this passage would be _________A) Don’t Be a Perfectionist B) Importance of AdjustmentsC) Details and Major Objectives D) Hard Work Plus Good LuckPassage 14每个人都可以,而且应该对细节加以注意——尤其是在供过于求的就业市场上,Bob Crossley是一名人力资源专家,他在每日放到桌上的就职申请中注意到了这一点。

他说道:“有许多候选人自己把自己给淘汰了,其人数之多令人吃惊。

”(66)简历送来时不够清洁,有污点。

有些候选人把公司的名字拼错了。

“我只要看到一个错误,就把候选人淘汰掉了。

”Crossley总结到,“如果他们连这样的细节都注意不到,我们凭什么在工作中相信他们呢?”Passage 14Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come cross his desk every day. “It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves,”he says.“Resumes arrive with stains. Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, ”Crossley concludes. If they cannot take of these details. “Why should we trust them with a job?”Can we pay too much attention to detail? Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest for the trees,”says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else.”Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. “The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,”says Garfield. “But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates ofour goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary.”Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.Too often we believe what accounts for other’s success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.66. According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected________A) because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resumeB) because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resumeC) because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applicationsD) because they eliminated their names from the applicants list themselves67. The word “perfectionists”(Line 1, Para 3)refers to those who________A) demand others to get everything absolutely rightB) know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstancesC) pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectivesD) are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do68. Which of the following is the author’s advice to the reader?A) Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlookedB) Don’t forget details when drawing picturesC) Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it .D) Careless applicants are not to be trusted.69. The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that_______A) minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectivesB) failure is the mother of successC) adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any workD) keeping one’s goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked70. The best title for this passage would be _________A) Don’t Be a Perfectionist B) Importance of AdjustmentsC) Details and Major Objectives D) Hard Work Plus Good LuckPassage 14每个人都可以,而且应该对细节加以注意——尤其是在供过于求的就业市场上,Bob Crossley是一名人力资源专家,他在每日放到桌上的就职申请中注意到了这一点。

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