CoresightResearch:美国零售REIT(房地产投资信托基金)报告
他山之石——美国REITs简述及启示
他山之石——美国REITs简述及启示作者:伍迪牛耘诗杜镇秦王守清来源:《项目管理评论》2020年第05期REITs诞生于20世纪60年代的美国。
根据美国国会通过的《不动产投资信托法案1960》,REITs是一种由专门机构通过发行证券集合公众投资者资金,并将投资综合收益按比例分配给投资者的信托基金。
20世纪90年代开始,REITs在世界范围内进入高速发展期。
REITs产品流动性良好,投资者可以通过长期持有不动产物业获得收益,产品收益的主要来源包括租金和不动产升值,资产运营的大部分收益用于分红,并且很多国家法律规定,分配部分享受税收优惠,仅进行单次征税。
从成熟市场的经验来看,这些基本的产品设计特征决定了REITs产品具有较高的长期回报率。
目前,REITs在我国的发展形式主要是固定收益性质的私募类REITs。
截至2019年3月末,国内共发行类REITs产品46只,规模合计939.21亿元。
不同于国外更流行的权益性REITs,类REITs产品具有高收益、低风险、低流动性的特点,具有典型的债权类金融产品属性。
2020年4月,中国证券监督管理委员会(下称“证监会”)、国家发展和改革委员会联合发布《关于推进基础设施领域不动产投资信托基金(REITs)试点相关工作的通知》(证监发〔2020〕40号),标志着我国公募权益性REITs发展进入正式实际操作的新阶段。
这是我国金融服务供给侧改革的重要抓手,对于盘活存量资产、形成良性投资具有重要意义。
美国REITs发展概况美国REITs對经济社会发展做出重要贡献从《不动产投资信托法案1960》施行以来,经过几十年的积累与发展,美国REITs在地方经济发展、居民就业等方面起到了重要作用。
根据安永会计师事务所2020年1月发布的美国REITs报告,截至2018年年末,美国REITs(包含上市公开交易、上市非公开交易及私有)总市值超过3万亿美元,拥有超过52万项资产。
2018年,REITs为美国提供了直接工作岗位240万个,带来直接劳动收入1 482亿美元,全年分红达128.9亿美元,利息收益60.9亿美元。
REITS房地产信托投资基金
目录房地产信托投资基金概况 (1)(一)REITs概况 (1)(二)REITs的主要类型 (2)我国REITs发展思路建议 (3)我国REITs发展面临的主要障碍及需解决的问题 (4)房地产信托投资基金概况(一)REITs概况房地产信托投资基金(RealEstateInvestmentTrusts,以下简称“REITs")的基本理念起源于19世纪的美国,1960年美国《国内税收法典》和《房地产投资信托法案》的颁布,标志着REITs的正式创立。
目前,美国是REITs规模最大的国家,并成为世界REITs发展的典范。
美国REITs的发展经历了上世纪90年代前的积累阶段和上世纪90年代后的扩张阶段.在亚洲,REITs在上世纪末本世纪初才有突破。
最早出台关于REITs的立法并推出第一只REITs的亚洲国家是新加坡(1999年5月),日本是亚洲继新加坡之后第二个推出REITs的国家;2005年6月,香港证监会正式发布了《房地产信托投资基金守则》修订的相关总结,撤销了香港房地产投资信托基金(REITs)投资海外房地产的限制,从而促进了香港REITs的迅速发展。
1960年美国推出第一只REITS产品至今,全球已有22个国家推出REITs产品,并有4个国家正在进行有关REITs方面的立法.而全球REITs增长迅猛,1990年全球REITs市值仅为70亿元,2002年以后增长尤其迅猛,截至2009年9月末,REITs全球市值已超过6050亿美元。
美国是全球发展REITs最早,也是最成熟的市场,REITs市值约3000亿美元,市值也最大;其次是澳大利亚,已发行64只REITs,市值达到780亿美元;处于第三位的是法国,48家房地产信托市值达到730亿美元。
从市场成熟度来说,最早开始发展房地产投资信托的美国是最成熟的市场,其次是澳大利亚。
亚洲的大部分国家都是处于成长中的市场,而中国内地更是明确的法律法规都尚未出台,还处于早期探索的阶段。
国外reits研究报告
国外REITs研究报告摘要本研究报告对国外REITs(不动产投资信托基金)进行了深入分析。
首先,我们介绍了REITs的基本概念和特点。
然后,我们探讨了国外REITs市场的发展现状和趋势。
接着,我们对REITs的收益和风险进行了详细评估。
最后,我们总结了国外REITs的发展前景并提出了相关政策建议。
1. 简介REITs是一种以不动产投资为主要资产的基金形式。
它通过募集资金来购买、持有和运营不动产,并通过租金和资本收益向投资者分配收益。
REITs的特点包括流动性高、分散投资、有限税收和透明度高等。
2. 国外REITs市场发展现状和趋势2.1 美国REITs市场美国是全球最大的REITs市场,其REITs市值占全球市值的约60%。
随着住房市场的复苏和商业地产需求的增加,美国REITs市场呈现出持续增长的趋势。
2.2 欧洲REITs市场欧洲REITs市场相对较新,但在过去几年里迅速发展。
英国、法国和德国是欧洲REITs市场的主要国家。
欧洲REITs市场的发展受益于经济增长和房地产市场的稳定。
2.3 亚洲REITs市场亚洲REITs市场正在快速崛起。
新加坡、日本和澳大利亚是亚洲REITs市场的领导者。
亚洲REITs市场的发展得益于经济增长、城市化和旅游业的发展。
3. REITs的收益和风险评估3.1 收益评估 REITs的收益主要包括租金收入和资本收益。
相比于传统的股票和债券投资,REITs具有较高的收益潜力和稳定的现金流。
3.2 风险评估 REITs的风险包括市场风险、利率风险和管理风险。
市场风险来源于房地产市场的波动,利率风险源于利率的变动,管理风险涉及到REITs管理团队的能力和决策。
4. 国外REITs的发展前景4.1 基础设施REITs的发展随着基础设施投资的增加和国际合作的加强,基础设施REITs有望成为国外REITs市场的新的增长点。
4.2 技术创新对REITs的影响技术创新对REITs的发展具有重要意义。
美国REITs介绍
camp). In addition, we will discuss other pertinent areas such as investment vehicles, benchmarks, taxes and market timing. For the scope of this review, we will focus on US publicly-listed equity REITs, such as those traded on the New York Stock Exchange. We will not focus on non-US REITs, mortgage REITs or public non-listed REITs. Throughout this paper, we use the NCREIF Fund Index-Open End Diversified Core Equity (“ODCE”), an index of US private open-end core funds, to represent private core real estate. An Introduction to REITs Before diving in, we thought it helpful to provide a short overview of REITs. A real estate investment trust, or REIT, is a company that owns and, typi-cally, operates income-producing assets such as shopping malls, apartment buildings, student housing complexes, office buildings, medical facili-ties, hotels, and cell towers, among other proper-ty types. Congress created the basic structure for REITs in 1960 in the United States, using mutual funds as a model. The genesis for the REIT struc-ture was to provide all investors, big and small, with the opportunity to invest in large, diversified portfolios of income-producing real estate in the same way they typically invested in other asset classes such as stocks and bonds. Today, the REIT universe is diverse and global, with nearly 30 countries having adopted variations of the US REIT model. In the US, REITs operate under laws established by Congress and are overseen by the Internal Revenue Service. REITs can be public or private. Private REITs are not registered with the US Se-curities and Exchange Commission and do not have listed or traded shares. Public REITs are reg-istered with the SEC and may or may not havetheir shares listed on major stock exchanges. Pub-Executive SummaryAre real estate investment trusts, or REITs, realestate? Should they be included in institutionalreal estate portfolios? We frequently hear thesequestions when discussing real estate portfolioconstruction and REITs.There are many views on this subject. The naysay-ers argue that REITs are not real estate but equi-ties, which is true. They trade like equities, exhibitvolatility similar to equities and are highly corre-lated to equities, at least in the short term. On theother hand, proponents of REITs argue the funda-mental assets owned by REITs are buildings. Theyhighlight that the occupancy level, rental rates,and operating costs such as property taxes,maintenance costs and utilities of a property arelargely independent of the entity through which itis owned. To this end, REIT values are dictated byproperty values and, therefore, REITs are realestate.At NEPC, we view REITs as core real estate andwe think they should be included in many institu-tional real estate portfolios. At the same time,investing in REITs comes with important caveatsthat are critical for investors to evaluate. We be-lieve investors in REITs must have a long-terminvestment horizon, similar to those investing inprivate core real estate. To be sure, REITs tradelike equities in the short term, with high volatilityand correlations. That said, over the long term,the values of REITs and private core real estateare highly correlated, offering similar risk and re-turn attributes.This paper will explore the rationale as to whyREITs should be included in institutional real es-tate portfolios (the ‘yes’ camp) and also the cave-ats associated with investing in REITs (the ‘no’ Sean Ruhmann, Director of Real Assets Research | Tim Bruce, Director of Traditional Research Matt Ritter, Research Analyst, Real Assets Research | Larissa Davy, Research Associate, Traditional Research∙ Have a minimum of 100 shareholders after its first year as a REIT and have no more than 50% of its shares held by five or fewer individ-uals during the last half of the taxable year From an investment strategy standpoint, REITs broadly fall into two categories: equity REITs and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs own and operate income-producing real estate and generate the majority of their revenue from rent. MortgageREITs lend money to real estate owners, eitherdirectly in the form of mortgages or indirectlythrough the acquisition of mortgage-backed secu-rities. Mortgage REITs generate the majority oftheir revenue from interest. The majority of pub-licly-listed REITs are equity REITs, which repre-sent approximately 90% of the total REIT market capitalization.The ‘Yes’ Camp: REITs Should Be Included inInstitutional PortfoliosAt NEPC, we believe there are many reasons for institutions to invest in REITs. The most compel-ling include the size and quality of the REIT uni-verse, the diverse range of REIT property sectors,the long-term linkage between REIT and privatereal estate valuations, strong historical returns,limited exposure provided by traditional equitymanagers, inflation-hedging characteristics, liquid-ity and comparable fee drag. We explore these ingreater detail in the following paragraphs. Size and Quality of the REIT UniverseThe size of the US REIT universe is large, espe-cially compared to the ODCE. There are over 170US equity REITs with a total market capitalizationlic REITs operate under the same rules as otherpublic companies for regulatory and financial re-porting purposes. Public non-listed REITs are sold directly to mainly retail investors by brokerage firms and are not listed on exchanges. These vehi-cles also have significantly higher fee loads com-pared to publicly-listed REIT vehicles. The general requirements for a company to quali-fy as a REIT, as summarized by the SEC, are that it must: ∙ Invest at least 75% of its total assets in real estate assets and cash ∙ Derive at least 75% of its gross income from real estate-related sources, including rents from real property and interest on mortgages financing real property ∙ Derive at least 95% of its gross income from such real estate sources and dividends or in-terest from any source ∙ Have no more than 25% of its assets consist of non-qualifying securities or stock in taxable REIT subsidiaries ∙ Distribute at least 90% of its taxable income to shareholders annually via dividends ∙ Be an entity that would be taxable as a corpo-ration but for its REIT status ∙ Be managed by a board of directors or trus-tees ∙ Have shares that are fully transferable Exhibit 1: Market Capitalization and Number of Publicly-Listed US REITsSource: NAREIT (Data as of December 31, 2014)255075100125150175200$0$200$400$600$800$1,00019931995199719992001200320052007200920112013#o f R E I T s M a r k e tC a p . ($B )Market Capitalization of Equity REITs # of Equity REITs(“Simon”), a regional mall owner, has a market capitalization of over $57 billion, which is about half of the total market capitalization of the OD-CE. Simon owns 180 malls with over 150 million square feet of space. Simon’s size and focus pro-vide a significant advantage versus competitors that own only a small number of malls. Simon can brand its malls to increase consumer awarenessand has significant lease negotiating power withretailers given the number of malls it owns. In con-trast, owners with only one or two malls have sig-nificantly less power. Additionally, Simon’s scale enables it to own larger assets without incurring significant concentration risk. From a capital standpoint, Simon has diverse sources of capital through equity and debt, which can be accessed opportunistically to fund acquisitions and to lower the firm’s cost of capital. Exhibit 2 shows the mar-ket capitalizations for the largest REITs across different real estate subsectors.For REIT fund portfolio managers (“REIT PM”), the focused nature of individual REITs provides the ability to customize portfolios based on mar-ket views and with limited transaction costs. As an of over $800 billion. In com-parison, the ODCE contains22 funds with a total net assetvalue, or NAV—the equiva-lent of market capitalizationfor private assets—of a littleover $120 billion. US REITsown an estimated $1 trillion ofcommercial real estate as-sets, including more than40,000 properties in all 50states and the District of Co-lumbia, according to the Na-tional Association of RealEstate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT. This in-cludes some of the highest quality and most rec-ognizable properties in the US, for instance, the Empire State Building, Hancock Tower and the General Motors Building. Altogether, US REITs own an estimated 15% of total commercial real estate assets in the US. Exhibit 1 shows the growth of US equity REITs since 1992. Individual REITs are generally focused by type of property such as office, apartment, retail, data centers, hotels and healthcare; many specialize even further by subsector, for instance, regional malls within the retail sector and/ or geographic location such as coastal infill locations versus sub-urban locations. In contrast, ODCE funds are gen-erally diversified by geography and property sec-tor (mainly across the four main property types of office, apartment, retail and multifamily). REITs and REIT fund portfolio managers benefit from this size and focus. For REITs, size can be a significant competitive advantage from an operating and capital stand-point. As an example, Simon Property Group Inc. Exhibit 2: Comparison of Select Equity REIT Market CapitalizationsSource: Goldman Sachs (Data as of January 2, 2015) Exhibit 3: Diversification in US Equity REITS by Market CapitalizationSource: FTSE NAREIT All Equity REITs Index (Data as of December 31, 2014)11.0%3.8%8.1%14.5%3.6%12.3%1.0%6.2%11.4%5.6%11.0%3.6%7.8%Office IndustrialShopping Centers Regional MallsFree Standing Retail ApartmentsManufactured Homes Lodging/ResortsHealth Care Self StorageDiversified TimberInfrastructurety types by not investing in REITs. Within the REIT universe, the core real estate sectors of office, industrial, retail and apartments comprise about 53% of the total REIT market capitalization. In comparison, 95% of the ODCE consists of these four sectors. This diversity provides REIT inves-tors with an expanded array of property types with different risk and return profiles as com-pared to the ODCE funds.Long-Term Linkage Between REIT and PrivateReal Estate ValuationsWhen calculating asset values, REIT analysts and private real estate use many of the same metrics to determine value, including discounted cash flow analysis, sum-of-parts analysis, capitalization rates or cap rates, price per square foot, and example, if a REIT PM believes the office sector is overpriced, he/she can sell REIT stocks in that sector to reduce exposure. Additionally, if a REIT PM believes a particular area within a sector, for instance, coastal infill locations versus suburban locations, is overpriced, he/she can sell the REITs focusing in those areas. For an ODCE fund to re-duce particular exposures, the fund would have to sell individual properties. This is far less effi-cient from a time and cost perspective versus sell-ing stocks. Diverse Range of REIT Property Sectors The REIT universe is extremely diverse, investing across a broad range of property types not cov-ered by the ODCE (Exhibits 3 and 4). Institutional investors limit their ability to access these proper-US Equity REITS ODCEExhibit 4: Diversification by Market CapitalizationSource: FTSE NAREIT All Equity REITs Index (Data as of December 31, 2014); NCREIF Fund Index-Open End Diversified Core Equity (Data as of December 31, 2014)Exhibit 5: Historical REIT Premium/ Discount to NAVSource: Green Street Advisors (Data as of January 2, 2015)11.0%3.8%26.2%12.3%46.6%37.0%14.0%19.0%25.0% 5.0%(30%)(20%)(10%)0%10%20%30%40%199219941996199820002002200420062008201020122014REIT Premium/Discount to NAV (LA)AverageOffice Industrial Retail Apartment OtherFFO MultipleA funds from operations, or FFO, multiple is simi-lar to the price-to-earnings multiple, that is, the P/E multiple, commonly used to value public compa-nies. FFO is a measure of a REIT’s operating per-formance. It is defined as net income, excluding gains or losses from sales of property, and adding back real estate depreciation. An FFO multiple isdetermined by dividing a REIT’s share price by itsFFO per share. P/E multiples are far less mean-ingful for REITs as depreciation can be a mislead-ing factor that’s included in earnings. For exam-ple, two very similar buildings can have very different depreciation numbers based on the age of the buildings, which would skew earnings for each building but not impact the cash flow the buildings are able to generate. Exhibit 6 shows historical FFO multiples for the US REIT market. Implied Cap RateThe implied cap rate for a REIT is an attempt to measure the cap rate that a REIT trades at, based on its enterprise value. This calculation involves some subjectivity to assess and strip out the value of non-income-producing and non-real estate as-sets from the value of the REIT. For instance, management fee income, construction in pro-gress, and land held for development are com-monly excluded items. The ultimate goal is to iso-late the implied value of the REIT’s income-producing real estate and the net operating in-come, or NOI, generated by that real estate to calculate an implied cap rate for real estate and the REIT.price per unit/ room/ bed. On a trading basis, price-to-NAV, funds from operations (FFO) multi-ple, implied cap rate, adjusted funds from opera-tions (AFFO) multiple, EBITDA multiple and divi-dend yield are the primary metrics used to assess and compare REITs. Among these, price-to-NAV, FFO multiple and implied cap rate, discussed in further detail below, are the most commonly used. Price-to-NAV Price-to-NAV looks at the implied share price of a REIT, based on the underlying value of the REIT’s assets less liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding. A REIT trades at a premium to NAV when the market share price is greater than the implied share price. When the opposite is true, it trades at a discount to NAV. Historically, REITs have traded at slight premiums to NAV to account for the platform value associated with the REIT (Exhibit 5). As real estate is the principal asset owned by a REIT, price-to-NAV is based on the value of the underlying real estate owned by the REIT. This ties public and private market pricing together for real estate over longer time periods. Historically, when private market pricing consistently trends above public market pricing, private buyers have tended to acquire public companies to capture the private market arbitrage. Conversely, private entities tend to go public when public market pricing consistently trends above private market pricing. Over extended periods of time, these two counter-balancing market forces help to keep pri-vate and public real estate values in check. Asshown in Exhibit 5, public market pricing oscillates around the underlying NAV. Exhibit 6: Historical REIT FFO Multiples Source: Eastdil Secured | Wells Fargo Securities (Data as of January 2, 2015)0.0x3.0x6.0x9.0x12.0x15.0x18.0x20002002200420062008201020122014F FOM u l t i pl eREIT FFO Multiple AverageStrong Historical ReturnsREIT returns have been strong relative to the OD-CE. Exhibit 7 shows cumulative compounded re-turns since 1991, and Exhibit 8 indicates average rolling returns for different hold periods. REITs have significantly outperformed the ODCE overlong time periods and for different investmenthold periods. Two factors partially drive this out-performance: REITs have slightly higher leverage versus the ODCE (see the Leverage section of this paper), and they invest in non-core property sectors, for instance, self-storage and data cen-ters, that have generated outsized returns relative to the four core property types held by ODCE funds (office, industrial, retail and apartments). Exhibit 9 shows the historical rolling one-, three-, five-, and seven-year returns for REITs and the ODCE. An interesting point to note in these graphs is that as the hold period increases, REIT and ODCE returns start to look more alike and the correlations increase. This is also shown in Exhibit 10, which compares REIT returns less OD-CE, Russell 2000 and Russell 3000 returns fordifferent investment hold periods. The difference between REIT returns and the ODCE is much greater versus REITs to the Russell 2000 and Additional Valuation Metrics AFFO multiples, EBITDA multiples and dividend yield are other com-monly used metrics to value REITs. ∙ AFFO Multiple – AFFO is de-fined as a REIT’s adjusted funds from operations and is a more refined attempt, relative to FFO, to measure a REIT’s true levered cash flow. AFFO is cal-culated by subtracting from FFO (i) recurring and necessaryexpenditures that are capital-ized by the REIT and then amortized and (ii) "straight-lining" of rents, which is a GAAP accounting requirement.Similar to an FFO multiple, an AFFO multiple is determined by dividing a REIT’s share price by its AFFO per share. This calculation is also called cash available for distribution, or CAD, or funds available for distribution, or FAD. ∙ EBITDA Multiple – EBITDA is defined as earn-ings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is a basic measure of a REIT’s net operating income, including the overhead costs associated with managing the REIT, but excluding interest costs. An EBITDA multiple is determined by dividing a REIT’s enterprise value by EBITDA. Enterprise value is calculated as market capitalization plus debt, minority interest and preferred shares, minus total cash and cash equivalents. EBITDA multiples are more commonly used in the operating-intensive real estate sectors such as hotels, senior living and student hous-ing. ∙ Dividend Yield– Dividend yield is a ratio that shows how much a REIT pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price. Many analysts look at dividend pershare payout relative to FFO and AFFO per share to under-stand how much of a REIT’s cash flow is paid out in divi-dends. Generally, the percent-age is less than 100%. When the ratio exceeds 100%, it indi-unsustainable dividend. Exhibit 7: Cumulative Compounded Total ReturnsSource: NCREIF and Bloomberg (Data from December 31, 1991 through December 31, 2014)Source: NCREIF and Bloomberg (Data from December 31, 1991 through December31, 2014)Exhibit 8: Average Returns for Different Rolling Hold Periods0%200%400%600%800%1000%1200%1400%199219941996199820002002200420062008201020122014FTSE NAREIT All Equity REIT TR ODCEInflation-Hedging Characteristics Over longer investment hold periods, REITs are more highly correlated to inflation and, as such, provide a partial hedge against inflation. REITs and private core real estate have a similar correla-tion to inflation as measured by the ConsumerPrice Index (CPI) for hold periods greater thanfive years. Conversely, public equities demon-strate a universally low correlation to inflation which actually decreases as the investment hold period increases. This makes sense given that REIT returns become more highly correlated to ODCE returns over long time periods, but have a low correlation over short time periods (Exhibit 12). Real estate’s high correlation to inflation over long time periods is driven by two main factors: (i)rent or lease payments typically increase with in-flation, and (ii) land values and building costs typi-cally rise with inflation. It is important to note thatRussell 3000 for shorter hold periods. However, REIT and ODCE returns start to converge andRussell 2000 and Russell 3000 returns start to diverge for longer hold periods. This further sup-ports the view that over longer hold periods, REITs look more like private core real estate than equities. Limited Exposure Provided by Traditional Equi-ty Managers Traditional equity managers are typically signifi-cantly underweight REITs versus benchmarks. Exhibit 11 shows a snapshot of manager and index REIT weightings by market capitalization today. As shown, average equity funds have significantly lower weightings to REITs relative to their respec-tive benchmark indexes. Rolling One-Year Returns Correlation = 0.1751 Rolling Three-Year Annualized ReturnsCorrelation = 0.4971 Rolling Five-Year Annualized ReturnsCorrelation = 0.5230 Rolling Seven-Year Annualized ReturnsCorrelation = 0.6877Exhibit 9: Rolling Return ComparisonSource: NCREIF and Bloomberg (Data from December 31, 1991 through December 31, 2014)(100%)(50%)0%50%100%150%199219941996199820002002200420062008201020122014(30%)(15%)0%15%30%45%19941996199820002002200420062008201020122014(10%)0%10%20%30%1996199820002002200420062008201020122014(10%)0%10%20%30%19982000200220042006200820102012214FTSE NAREIT All Equity REIT TR ODCEComparable Fee DragREIT and ODCE funds have similar all-in fee drag associated with managing underlying real estate assets. To evaluate this, we analyzed the total ex-penses incurred through each structure, begin-ning with revenue, and included property operat-ing expenses, general and administrative expens-es (“G&A”), and investment manager expenses. The goal of this analysis was to determine the better steward for managing real estate assets on a yield-drag basis, for instance, the drag for every dollar of real estate revenue generated through each structure. Exhibit 13 provides a comparison of the results based on 2013 data. For the REIT funds, the all-in fee drag is based on a build-up of underlying office, multifamily, retail and industrial REITs, weighted to mirror the ODCE composition. This shows that REIT funds have slightly lower drag on a yield basis relative to ODCE funds. In this analysis, enterprise value is the total asset value of the individual REIT or ODCE fund (for REITs, this is market capitalization plus net debt; for ODCE funds, this is NAV plus net debt). Reve-nue is 2013 income statement revenue. Property NOI is rental revenue less property operating ex-penses. Investment fund-level NOI is propertyNOI less total G&A expenses (including fund-level management fees).real estate’s ability to provide an inflation hedge is market specific and volatile. Asset values do notnecessarily track inflation in markets with long-term oversupply, lagging GDP growth and declin-ing population. Liquidity REIT funds are generally completely liquid, which provides REIT investors with the ability to re-balance allocations at their discretion. This is not the same for ODCE funds, which are semi-liquid and, at best, offer quarterly liquidity at the fund manager’s discretion. In functioning markets, OD-CE funds are reasonably liquid and provide inves-tors with the ability to enter and exit funds within one-to-two quarters. However, timeframes to en-ter and exit can be longer when markets are dislo-cated. In 2009, as an example, exit queues be-came very long with some funds delaying redemp-tions by more than a year. REIT fund liquidity does come with caveats. This will be discussed later in the paper, but to preview, we do not be-lieve that REIT investors should treat their REIT allocations as the liquidity valve for their overall real estate portfolios. Doing so can lead to poten-tially suboptimal results. Exhibit 10: Average Annualized Return Difference by Investment Hold PeriodSource: NCREIF and Bloomberg (Data from March 31, 1992 through December 31, 2014)Exhibit 11: Underweight US Equity Fund REITSource: NEPC Analysis (Data as of September 30, 2014); % of Index Equals Manager REIT Weighting Divided by Index REIT Weighting1.0%3.0%5.0%1YR 2YR 3YR 4YR 5YR 6YR 7YR 8YRHold Period REITs - ODCE REITs - Russell 2000REITs - Russell 3000Higher VolatilityREITs are much more volatile than private core real estate, especially over shorter hold periods. On a rolling one-year basis, ODCE volatility is 11.0%, as measured by standard deviation. In com-parison, REIT volatility is 22.2%, or more than twice that of the ODCE, and more akin to volatili-ty in equities, which measures 19.5% for the Rus-sell 2000, and 18.3% for the Russell 3000. Thisvolatility is clearly observable in the quarterly re-turn comparison for REITs and the ODCE (Exhibit 15). Given this volatility, REIT investors have to be prepared for a bumpy, or more circuitous ride, relative to private core real estate. High Correlations to Public Equities REITs have a low correlation to the ODCE and a high correlation to public equities over shorter hold periods (Exhibit 16). However, for longer hold periods, the inverse is true. The break in correla-tions occurs around the fifth or sixth year when REITs begin to look more like private core real estate and less like public equities. This makes sense because the underlying real estate asset value becomes the driving factor in returns over a longer hold period. Since buildings are the funda-mental asset owned by REITs and occupancy lev-els, rental rates and operating costs are largely independent of ownership structure, REIT values At the investment manager level, management fees will vary by commitment size but are typicallyaround 100 basis points for ODCE funds. Man-agement fees will also vary by investment size and account structure for REIT funds, but they are typically between 50 basis points to 100 basis points. Exhibit 14 provides a sample fee structure for one REIT fund manager. It is important to note that fees are negotiable, particularly for large in-vestments. The ‘No’ Camp: REITs are Equities There is no doubt that REITs act like public equi-ties, at least over the short term. As such, there are three critical aspects investors must be com-fortable with before allocating to REITs: they ex-hibit equity-like volatility, they possess a highshort-term correlation to equities and allocations to REITs will impact the overall portfolio risk budget. The first two considerations become less pronounced as the hold period increases; howev-er, over shorter hold periods, REITs very much act like equities. Regarding the risk budget of the overall portfolio, if a portfolio is already concen-trated in equity risk and the investor has short-term risk aversion, incorporating REITs into a real estate portfolio will add to the equity risk expo-sure. In addition to these, there are also a few other important factors to consider: REITs have slightly higher leverage relative to ODCE funds; REITs are not an ideal short-term placeholder forprivate real estate; andREITs should not be viewed as a liquidityvalve for a real estateallocation.Exhibit 12: Return Correlations to CPI Source: NCREIF and Bloomberg (Data from March 31, 1992 through December 31, 2014)Exhibit 13: All-In Fee Drag ComparisonSource: eVestment and NEPC Analysis (Data as of June 30, 2014)(0.20)-0.200.400.600.801YR 2YR 3YR 4YR 5YR 6YR 7YR 8YRHold Period CPI to Russell 2000CPI to Russell 3000CPI to ODCE CPI to REITsto private real estate over short time periods. Giv-en this dynamic, an investor does not obtain true real estate exposure but concentrated equity ex-posure if using long-only equity REIT strategies asa short-term placeholder. It’s interesting to note that historically using REITs as a short-term place-holder has been a good trade given the outperfor-mance of REITs versus other asset classes. How-ever, the fundamental rationale for using REITs in this fashion is not tied to the objective of quickly achieving a desired real estate allocation. Poor Liquidity Valve for a Real Estate Allocation We do not believe a REIT allocation should be used as a liquidity valve for rebalancing or reduc-ing a real estate allocation when the other compo-nents of the portfolio are illiquid. The rationale for this view is similar as to why we do not view REITs as a good short-term placeholder for pri-vate real estate. Since REITs are more correlated to equities in the short-term, the exit value at a point-in-time may not represent the true value ofthe underlying real estate. A good example of thisoccurred during the global financial crisis follow-ing Lehman Brothers’ bankruptcy filing on Sep-tember 15, 2008 (Exhibit 18). During the two quar-ters following Lehman’s filing, REITs dropped by almost 60% while the ODCE was down 25%. In-vestors using REITs as a liquidity valve during thisare dictated by property values and, therefore, REITs are real estate. Higher Leverage REITs tend to use higher leverage than ODCE funds (Exhibit 17). This higher leverage increases the risk level for REITs, particularly during falling markets. However, there are some positives with regard to the type of leverage available to REITs. REITs have more diverse capital structures with common equity, preferred equity, convertible debt, unsecured debt and senior debt comparedto mainly common equity and senior debt for pri-vate core real estate. This diversity of capital sources can be beneficial when capital is con-strained. Overall, both REITs and private core real estate have low relative leverage ratios com-pared to non-core real estate strategies, which can employ, at times, leverage greater than 70% to 80%. Poor Short-Term Placeholder for Private Real Estate We do not view long-only equity REIT strategies as an ideal short-term placeholder for an under-funded private real estate allocation. The driving rationale for this view is that equity REITs have a high correlation to equities and a low correlation Exhibit 14: An Example of a REIT Fund Manager’s Fee Schedule Source: eVestment and NEPC Analysis (Data as of June 30, 2014)Exhibit 15: Quarterly Return ComparisonSource: NCREIF and Bloomberg (Data from March 31, 1992 through December 31, 2014)(40%)(20%)0%20%40%199219941996199820002002200420062008201020122014FTSE NAREIT All Equity REIT TR ODCE。
美国REITs发展史初探
美国REITs发展史初探纽约时代⼴场美国拥有全世界最⼤的REITs市场。
截⾄2019年末,美国REITs市场总市值达13,288.06亿美元,约占全球REITs总市值的65%。
同时,美国还是REITs的发源地,其历史可上溯⾄19世纪末,并正式发端于20世纪60年代。
基于REITs的资产种类和收⼊特点,⼈们通常将REITs分为三类:抵押型REITs(mortgage REITs, 简称m-REITs)、权益型REITs(equity REITs)和混合型REITs(hybrid REITs)。
其中,权益型REITs直接投资并拥有房地产,收⼊主要来源于房地产的租⾦收⼊及物业的增值收益,戏称“收租⼦的包租婆”;抵押型REITs则扮演⾦融中介⾓⾊,将募集资⾦⽤于发放各类抵押贷款、购买不动产贷款或不动产贷款抵押收益证券,收⼊主要来源于抵押贷款的利息收⼊,戏称“放印⼦的黄世仁”;混合型REITs则兼具前两类REITs的投资策略,不仅进⾏房地产权益投资,还从事抵押贷款业务。
美国REITs发展史初探海外REITs研究系列(⼀)从1960年《REITs法案》颁布算起,美国REITs市场已⾛过了整整60年。
60年来,美国REITs 市场不仅实现了规模的扩张——市值从上世纪60年代的数千万美元增⾄今⽇的逾万亿美元,还经历了结构的转变——从60年代末的抵押型REITs异军突起到今⽇的权益型REITs雄踞天下。
那么,美国的REITs是如何诞⽣,在发展过程中⼜遭遇了哪些挑战,REITs⾏业⼜是如何应对的呢?美国REITs发展的⼀个个历史节点,是处于何种客观环境之中,⼜⾯临着哪些制度变⾰呢?美国REITs的发展史⼜带给我们哪些思考呢?我们将通过对美国REITs发展史的简要回顾,寻求上述问题的答案。
01美国REITs发展历程回顾美国REITs发展历程概述REITs的税收优惠地位在1960年《REITs法案》中正式确⽴,标志着美国REITs市场的正式发端,但由于投资者接受REITs这⼀新事物尚需时⽇,加之客观市场环境的影响,导致REITs在60年代初期的规模增长⼗分有限。
21783096_美国基础设施REITs发展启示录
杨槟 本刊记者长久以来,呼吁推出REITs (即房地产投资信托基金Real Estate Invest-ment Trusts )的声音经久不衰。
近期,千呼万唤的“中国版”REITs 试点方案被拉开大幕,虽说是困难重重,在法律、税收等多方面制度难以协调,但以基础设施项目REITs 为突破口的中国公募REITs 走出了万里长征第一步。
作为最早推出REITs 的美国,拥有全球最大的REITs 市场,其市场规模占全球市场总规模的近2/3,基础设施REITs 是其中核心一块。
美国REITs 发展轨迹与中国有哪些不同?美国基础设施 REITs 从诞生到成熟,又是如何探索出一套成熟的运营模式?受新冠肺炎疫情影响,美国REIs 表现又如何?疫情影响,因祸得福?“2020年初以来,由于新冠疫情采取的社交隔离措施以及随后的美国经济停摆,使得美国股市经历多次熔断,REITs 也不例外,而且是整体情况最为严重的一次。
”VIINET 董事、Ves-ta Investment Advisors 首席执行官陆兵接受《中国房地产金融》的采访时表示,疫情是否影响美国REITs 市场?对这个近期自己被问及最多的问题,陆兵给出了肯定回答。
众所周知,自2008年以来,美国进入了后经济危机时代。
加上此次的“黑天鹅事件”,陆兵回顾美国资本市场近年的表现时指出,历史数据表明美国REITs 是股市相对好的避险资产。
因为REITs 其本身的特点具有:收益性、抗通胀性、增值性、安全性、流通性。
在收益率层面,占整个股权REITs 47%的基础设施REITs 板块位于各类型REITs 板块收益率第一梯队。
美国基础设施REITs 可投资对象包括:铁路、微波收发系统、天然气储存及输送管道、固定储气罐等等。
由于基础设施REITs 流动性充足、债务水平良好,从收益来看,位于各类型REITs 的第一梯队。
截至 2020 年5月底,美国市场基础设施 REITs 2020年累计收益率为 18%,超过同期标普在目前金融市场较为动荡的环境下,美国基础设施REITs 板块表现不俗,数据中心、基建、自动仓储等行业表现突出。
reit问询函-概述说明以及解释
reit问询函-概述说明以及解释1. 引言1.1 概述reit(房地产投资信托)作为一种投资工具,在近年来受到了越来越多的关注和重视。
作为一种可以为投资者提供稳定的现金流和资本增值的投资选择,reit 受到了许多投资者的青睐。
本文将对reit 进行深入探讨,重点关注的是reit 相关的问询函。
问询函是监管机构向上市公司发出的一种形式,旨在了解上市公司的业务、财务状况、未来计划等方面的信息。
对于reit 来说,问询函不仅是一种监管要求,更是投资者了解其业务和运营情况的重要途径。
在本文的正文部分,我们将着重探讨三个要点。
首先,我们将对reit 的基本概念和运作模式进行介绍,以帮助读者了解reit 的基本特征和运作原理。
接着,我们将重点关注reit 问询函的内容和形式,并深入分析其背后所蕴含的意义和目的。
最后,我们将探讨reit 问询函对市场和投资者的影响,并提出一些建议,以期能够为投资者在reit 投资中提供有益的参考和指导。
通过本文的研究,读者将能够更好地了解reit 相关的问询函,并对其在reit 市场中的重要性有一个全面的认识。
同时,读者还将能够更好地把握投资reit 的时机和方法,从而更加有效地进行投资决策。
让我们一起深入研究reit 问询函,为我们的投资之路添加一份有力的指南。
1.2 文章结构文章结构部分内容:在本文中,将按照以下三个部分来展开分析和讨论REIT问询函的相关内容。
首先,在引言部分,将对整篇文章进行概述,明确文章的目的和结构。
接下来,在正文部分,将分别讨论REIT问询函的三个重要要点。
最后,在结论部分,将对整个文章进行总结并提出相关影响和建议。
在正文部分,第一个要点将详细介绍REIT问询函的内容和相关背景。
将解释REIT的概念,并阐述REIT问询函的作用和意义。
此外,还将探讨REIT问询函对市场和相关主体的影响。
第二个要点将深入分析REIT问询函的实施细则和相关要求。
将解释REIT问询函的具体要求和流程,包括信息披露、问询回复等方面。
国外reits资产范围
国外reits资产范围
国外REITs(不动产投资信托基金)的资产范围通常包括商业
地产、办公楼、住宅物业、工业物业和其他地产类型。
商业地产包
括购物中心、零售店和餐饮场所等。
办公楼包括写字楼和商务中心。
住宅物业通常是指公寓大楼和其他出租住宅。
工业物业包括工厂、
仓库和分销中心等。
此外,一些REITs还可能投资于酒店、医疗保
健设施和学校等特殊类型的房地产。
总的来说,国外REITs的资产
范围非常广泛,涵盖了几乎所有类型的不动产投资。
这种多样化的
投资组合有助于降低风险,并为投资者提供稳定的现金流和资本增
值机会。
值得注意的是,不同国家和地区的REITs可能会有不同的
投资策略和资产配置,投资者在选择投资时需要对具体的REITs进
行深入的研究和分析。
【城市更新专题系列】第九篇:美国REITs市场概览案例分析
【城市更新专题系列】第九篇美国REITs市场概览案例分析作者韩雨张国梁孙志祥摘要作为全球首先涉足房地产证券化市场的国家,美国早在20世纪60年代便诞生了REITs行业,且在至今为止的半个多世纪里,美国REITs早已取得了卓越的发展。
时至今日,美国REITs指数已经获得了7.1倍的回报。
截止到2018年底,美国REITs市场共有226只,总市值达到1.05万亿美元,而2018年美国股市总值达到25万亿美元,届时美国REITs市场总额占到股市总额的4.2%。
从FTSE美国REITs统计数据来看,2017年美国REITs市场总回报率高达9.27%,股利回报率为4.27%。
当年标普500平均盈利收益率为4.07%,股息率为1.89%;而2017年10年债券收益率低致触及2.6%,报2.598%。
在美国市场,REITs行业回报率相比股票和债券,回报率均高于前二者。
从25年期投资周期来看,美国REITs回报率为10%,同样比标普500平均盈利率高。
除此之外,美国的REITs还具有很好的流动性。
REITs可将固定的房地产转化成证券化的产品,使得房地产不动产很好地流动起来,而且这种流动投资的风险也是相对比较低的,专业的管理团队和分散化的投资组合使得这一系列的优势越来越被投资者所看好。
一. 美国REITs概述1.1 美国REITs的不同类型根据投资对象的不同,REITs被分为大致三种类型,包括权益类,抵押类和混合类。
其中,权益类REITs的投资者主要是各大物业公司,主要收入来源也是房地产的租金和地产本身增值收益。
这类REITs所持有的物业类型主要包括写字楼,商场,酒店,工业厂房,物流中心等非住宅类的房地产项目。
抵押类REITs的主要投资对象为房地产抵押贷款或抵押贷款支持证券(MBS),其主要收入来源是抵押贷款和MBS利息。
混合类REITs的投资对象则包括了各大物业和抵押贷款,以及MBS。
在目前市场中,权益类REITs 占据较大市场份额。
美国房地产投资信托基金( REITs)简介
美国房地产投资信托基金( REITs)90年代以来,房地产投资信托基金(Real Estate Investment Trusts, 以下简称REITs)在美国迅猛发展,像一颗冉冉升起的新星,魅力无穷,在房地产界和投资界引起很大反响,逐步成为商业房地产投资的主流。
越来越多的房地产通过REITs实现证券化,像沃尔吗、洛克菲勒中心、甚至连监狱等政府的房地产都纷纷通过证券化,成为公众产权。
一、REITs的定义提起写字楼、商场、酒店等商业房地产投资,普通老百姓一般都认为这是富豪才能涉足的投资领域,与自己无缘,因为老百姓那点钱只够买一个平方米或几个平方米面积的房地产。
要使小投资者投资房地产的愿望成为现实,唯一的办法是将大家的资金聚集在一起才有可能。
REITs就是一个把众多投资者的资金集合在一起,由专门管理机构操作,独立的机构监管,专事商业房地产投资,并将所得收益由出资者按投资比例进行分配的基金。
REITs是美国国会1960年参照共同投资基金的形式立法创立的。
其目的是为了给小投资者提供一个参与大规模商业房地产投资的机会,使所有对房地产投资有兴趣的投资者,不受资金的限制和地域的限制,都有机会参与房地产投资。
(一)REITs的法律定义REITs的法律定义出现在美国《国内税收法》第856~860章(the Internal Revenue Code,Sec.856 to 860)。
其地位成立的资格条件可以简单概括为如下几点:1、REITs的结构要求(1)REITs是一个由董事会或由受托人管理的公司、信托基金或者协会;(2)其所有权益是由可以转让的股票、产权证书或受益凭证来体现的;(3)是美国国内注册的独立核算法人实体;(4)不能是任何形式的金融机构(如银行、互助储蓄银行、合作银行、国内建筑与信托协会,以及其它储蓄机构)或保险公司;(5)必须由100名以上股东(包括个人股东和法人股东)组成;(6)在每一纳税年度的最后半年内,5名或更少的人所占的份额不能超过全部股份的50%(俗语为:5-50规则);(7)REITs应在缴税年度的全年内满足1-4项要求,在至少335天内满足第5项要求, 在整个下半年满足第6项要求。
房地产行业REITs市场分析报告六
房地产行业REITs市场分析报告六2023年5月图2:美国RE1TS 发展迅速,以权益型RErrS 为主导(单位:亿美元)资料来源:NARE1T(2023.3),市场研究部日本J-REiTS :亚洲先行,总量第一。
日本是亚洲最先发行RErrS(J-REITs)的国家,总市值排亚洲第一。
截止2023年3月,共有61只J-REITs 上市发行,总市值约16.22万亿日元。
日本市场的第一只REITs 于2001年9月上市,J-R 日TS 是在日本房地产长期处于低迷的背景下推出,主要目的是为了剌激房地产发展,J-R 日TS 的到来及时地为商业地产提供了新的资金来源。
2010年起日本央行实施量化宽松政策,大量购买J-REn^s,进一步推动了R 日TS 市场和房地产市场的发展。
从基础资产来看,J-REITS 底层资产构成仍是以房地产为主,包含综合不动产(多种房地产),写字楼,酒店,公寓等C 相比之下,投资于基础设施的领域主要是仓储物流行业。
新加坡S-REITs:跨境投资,遍布全球。
新加坡是亚洲第二大的REiTS 市场,允许跨境投资。
国际化投资的政策使得S-R 日TS 的基础资产除了投资于新加坡本国的不动产以外,还有很大的比例投资于中国,马来西亚,印度尼西亚,美国,欧洲等国家。
S-REITs 的推出也是在经济低迷的宏观环境下,1998年的东南亚金融危机使新加坡房地产市场受到重挫,新加坡金融管理局随即推出了REITs图1:美国权益型RE1TS 涉及各个领域 ■基建 ■住宅 ■零售 ■工业 数据中心医疗健康 ■办公 ■自助仓储 ■其他 ■综合 ■酒店 用木地一■权益型R 日TS 市值■■■抵押型R 日TS 市值资料来源:NARE1T,市场研究部------- R ErTS 版市值r14000 -12000 -100008000 6000 -4000 -200014000- 12000- 10000- 8000 6000- 4000- 2000-0-*Λ*∖Vh⅛不∣Λ的相关指引。
美国零售业REITs三大主流模式
美国零售业REITs三大主流模式“商业模式+金融模式”创造溢价尽管在金融危机冲击下,美国零售类REITs的股价平均下降了50%,但在过去十年,它们创造了年均7.8%的回报率。
对美国案例的研究显示,一个REITs 成功的关键是稳定的投资回报,且这一回报应比当时的长期国债收益率高2-4个百分点。
美国零售类REITs的价值创造秘诀,是好的商业模式与好的REITs金融模式相结合,打造出可持续扩张的增长路径,并通过规模效应创造溢价。
它们共同的核心都是通过商业模式提高商业地产回报率,通过金融模式打造规模效应,放大商业优势。
总体来说,8%的投资回报率是美国REITs的经营底线,因为在美国,REITs的融资成本平均在5-7%之间。
尽管商业模式各异,但价值创造的理念不变。
国内的地产商需要将规模效应与更具创造力的商业模式相结合,才能实现真正的增值收益。
因此,地产商在变身REITs前必须先想明白如何创造出每年高于资本成本的投资回报,满足投资人的回报率要求,而本文的案例研究也许能够为国内的地产商提供一些新的启示。
模式一:重新开发创造增值收益FRT、Kimco、MAC,尽管定位各不相同,但都是通过对现有商业物业的重新招商、重新设计来实现物业增值,然后利用规模效应将这一增值优势放大。
FRT:“3R”战略打造特色商圈特色商业模式+稳健财务策略通过对收购物业的重新布局和再招商,挑选特色商家、打造由核心超市与小店组成的特色商圈,创造增值收益,然后利用规模效应将这一增值优势放大。
同时,为了保持分红持续稳定以及一定的增长性,公司在相对保守的财务策略下,通过股票和优先股融资、债权融资等多种融资手段筹集资金,每年收购新的改造目标,保持了连续40年每股红利增长的纪录,而且截至2008年9月底,其最近5年的股价年均回报达到14.12%。
Federal Realty Investment Trust(FRT),1962年成立,上世纪60年代以郊区的住宅和零售物业为主,1970年高价出售了所持住宅物业,转向零售地产,上世纪八九十年代,在其他地产商都热衷于购买新物业时,FRT瞄准市区周围成熟社区的老建筑。
美国REITS全景
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截止2005年底,美国的房地产投资信托 基金市值(market capitalization)已经达 到3306.9131亿美元 。
1971年-2005年美国房地产信托市值
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2004年10月22日,美国总统布什签署 了多条房地产投资信托基金专门条款。 • 去除对外国投资者购买公开发行房地产 投资信托基金股票的歧视性障碍; • 阐明和更正围绕1999年房地产投资信托 基金现代化法案的一些问题;
•
纽约证券交易所(New York Stock Exchange) 169 只; • 美国证券交易所(American Stock Exchange) 20只; • NASDAQ 交易所(NASDAQ National Market System)8只。这些登记上市的 REITs总资产超 过 4 千亿美元。 • 已在 SEC 注册的 REITs 约有 20 家未上市交 易。大约有 800 家 REITs 尚未向 SEC 注册,也 不在证交所交易。
• (3) 1975~1986 年重整期 • 在1974年之后,因为多数业者过于乐 观而进行高度财务杠杆操作,许多公司在 短期内扩张过速,而当时的REITs 禁止自 行管理财产,需由第三者管理,早期的经 理公司处理资产表现不佳,大多未能做好 投资管理; •
•
再加上利率升高、缺乏多样化投资组合、 高估开发报酬率、对投资风险的控管不佳。 • 二十世纪70年代又遭遇美国整体经济衰 退. 高达70%甚至以上的净资产负债率对该 产品而言无疑是雪上加霜,导致REITs 不 断萎缩。
•
在同一年通过的税捐稽征法(the Internal Revenue Code of 1960),则赋予 REITs 税赋优惠,推动REITs 的发展。
美国房地产投资信托(REITs)扫描
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美国REITs月报,几乎全线上涨,部分近20%涨幅!
美国REITs月报,几乎全线上涨,部分近20%涨幅!一月概述虽然2018年12月经历了暴跌,但是市场在2019年一月实现了快速的反弹。
一月份富时全REITs指数暴涨11.4%,其中股权REITs指数上涨11.6%,债权REITs指数收涨9.1%,涨幅均超过去年十二月的跌幅。
标普500的表现虽不及REITs市场,但也增长了8%。
十年期国债收益小幅回调后继续呈下降趋势。
1月底收益为2.63%,与2018年12月底数据相似。
各板块表现本月,大部分板块均收涨超过10%,木材一改颓势,以18.3%的收益位列第一,其次是工业的15.3%,写字楼的14.5%,多元物业的14.%,特殊物业的13.7%以及医疗板块的13.1%。
零售、住宅以及酒店/度假村板块涨幅也超过10%,分别为11.1%,10.4%和12.6%。
其余板块虽未达到10%的涨幅,但也表现不俗。
基建板块上涨了9.5%,数据中心上涨了7.4%,最后是自助仓的6.43%。
2019年展望上期回顾了REITs市场在2018年的表现之后,这期我们来看一下国家REITs协会(NAREIT)发表的2019年展望。
2019年展望主要分为两个部分,一是宏观环境分析,而是REITs市场分析。
宏观环境首先是GDP。
虽然GPD增长高于2017年的水平,但是由于去年税改对经济刺激的效益逐渐褪去,加上上涨的利率环境对建筑施工和投资行为施加的压力,2019年的GDP增长预计会呈放缓趋势。
在就业方面,2018年的新增非农工作数量大约每个月20万6千个,与过去五年的平均值21万个基本持平,同时失业率也达到1969年后最低水平。
但尽管如此,失业率数据是有些误导性的,因为有大量的未在寻求就业的人在失业率数据中无法被体现,其中25-55岁人群中便有高达200万人。
在通货膨胀方面,种种迹象反映出当前,以及未来几年都将处在较低的通胀环境下,比如工资增长的停滞不前,世界范围内的制造业都比较健康的发展,保证了商品价格的稳定。
这个厉害了,全美所有REITs数据出炉(国内独一份)
这个厉害了,全美所有REITs数据出炉(国内独一份)又经过了一个多月的摸爬滚打,我们把全美所有REITs 的数据整理完毕了。
简单地说,我们把美股全部220只REITs 按照行业分成了13类,并且把它们的基础指标都展示了出来(比如分红、FFO、市净率等等……)。
自豪地说,这是国内首份面向散户的美股REITs横向综合对比实时数据。
喜欢REITs的小伙伴可以拿去撒野了。
(在文末点“阅读原文”购买)关于REITs是什么,我之前写过:REIT这个东西,说白了就是,很多人把钱凑到一块,交给一个基金经理,让他去投资房地产,赚到的钱大家分。
你可能发现,这不就是基金嘛……对,REIT的全称就叫“房地产投资信托基金”。
那既然是基金,它的优势也跟基金很类似:买不起整个房子的,可以用少点的钱参与房地产投资。
我买不起客厅,还买不起厕所吗?不懂得房地产投资的,可以把钱交给基金经理代管,人家毕竟专业,咱们省心省事,等着拿分红就行了;没有时间精力做房地产投资的,房产过个户都得好久。
但买卖基金比买卖房子要简单多了,跟买股票差不多;相对于实物房产,REITs的流动性好得太多,像股票一样在二级市场交易,要比直接买卖整个房产方便得不是一点两点。
除了这些,REIT本身还有一些独有的特点:分红比例高。
每个REIT按规定,90%的利润都必须分红,不得留存;抗通胀之必备良药。
过去20年里,REIT行业的分红只有2年没跑赢通胀;回报率不输各大指数。
过去40年,REIT作为一个整体,年复合增长率大多数跑赢了各项指数(如图):除此之外,REITs还有一个重要功能——平衡资产组合。
不要小看这个功能,曾经有多家机构用N多种方法进行了N多次实验,发现一条铁律:在股票和债券的投资组合里加入REITs,会比没有加入REITs的组合产生更高的回报率,同时降低风险。
之所以会得出这个结论,是因为投资类房地产本身就是三大基础资产之一,前两大资产就是股票和债券:红色股票;蓝色债券;绿色投资类房地产很多人认为,REITs是小众资产,在组合里配个5%或10%就差不多了。
reits股票概念
reits股票概念REITs(RealEstateInvestmentTrusts)是一种特殊形式的投资工具,其旨在将房地产资金池化。
REITs于1960年代美国诞生,对于投资者来说,投资REITs具有重要的意义,因为它们可提供安全、稳定、可持续的收益。
REITs的起源可以追溯到1961年的马里兰州,当时,当地立法将REITs作为可供投资者投资的房地产投资信托被写入法律,因此REITs正式在美国出现。
随后,其理念和投资机会逐渐被更多的国家采用,像加拿大和新加坡等地也加入了REITs的行列。
REITs是什么REITs指Real Estate Investment Trusts,是指以股票形式存在的房地产投资信托。
REITs由管理公司建立,受监督管理,致力于集中资金购买投资物业,利用多种投资策略,以实现投资者的稳健收益。
REITs是一种专业化的投资,是通过将投资者的资金池化和集中,将复杂的房地产投资机会分发给大众投资者来实现的。
REITs的类型REITS的类型按投资范畴划分,现有主要的REITs类型有:住宅REITs、商业REITs、医疗REITs、购物中心REITs、酒店REITs、工业REITs等。
住宅REITs是指投资于住宅物业的REITs,如公寓、别墅等;业REITs作为最常见的REITs类型,它表示投资于商业物业,如商业办公楼、购物中心等;医疗REITs是指投资于医疗物业的REITs,如医院、诊所等;购物中心REITs是指投资于购物中心的REITs;酒店REITs 则指投资于酒店的REITs;工业REITs是指投资于工业建筑的REITs。
REITs的投资特点REITs有许多投资特点,最主要的是,它提供了一种安全、稳定、可持续的投资收益。
REITs可以有效降低投资者的投资风险,因为它不仅可以通过高收益抵消投资者的购买房地产风险,而且可以提供安全、稳定、可持续的收益。
此外,REITs不需要投资者对房地产熟悉,投资者不必自己开发房地产,而是通过参与REITs投资来获得收益,这有利于投资者的投资成本的降低。
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Coresight Research:美国零售REIT(房地产投资信托基金)
报告
Coresight Research发布了“美国零售REIT(房地产投资信托基金)报告”。
REIT是指那些拥有、投资或管理房地产的企业。
过去几年美国房地产投资信托基金环境变化很大,Coresight调查了美国REIT行业,尤其是零售REIT。
第一个房地产投资信托基金于1961年成立,但20世纪80年代该行业才获
得认可。
那期间,房地产市场在美国经历了繁荣随后又出现了萧条。
此后,由于
过度建设和1986年税收改革法案,美国房地产市场价值下降。
这为REIT提供了绝佳的机会,他们开始快速收购房产。
标准普尔美国REIT 指数显示,从1991年到1993年REIT平均年化回报率约为20%。
1994年,美国REIT行业的市值飙升至440亿美元,是1990年的六倍。
现在,美国房地产投资信托基金行业坐拥1万亿美元资产和超过3万亿美元房地产
资产。
影响REIT的一些关键驱动因素是人口增长、经济活动增加、就业市场改善,
以及抵押贷款利率、商业和工业增长等。
2017年大规模商店倒闭给美国REIT带来了挑战,导致当年负回报率为 4.77%。
零售REIT通过向零售商租赁房产获得租金收益盈利。
一些零售REIT还通过第三方机构经营零售中心。
那些通过区域购物中心、杂货店、直销中心和大型商
场盈利的REIT都属于零售REIT。
截至到2018年11月30日,美国共有36家零售REIT,总市值约1710亿美元。
其中知名的包括Simon Property Group、Kimco Realty、Macerich和Taubman Centers。
尽管面临挑战,但顶级零售REIT采用了积极的对策,因此在2017年表现良好。
例如,Simon Property Group是收入最高的REIT,拥有优质的购物中心,
并在直销中心市场拥有一定的份额。
2018年第二季度美国REIT的FFO(Funds From Operations,营运现金流)增长至164亿美元,年增长6%。
而零售REIT则增长了10%以上。