文化的翻译
中英文化互译
Color - Green
green-eyed 眼紅
She is a green hand in teaching English. 在英语教学中,他还是个生手。
green
在埃及寺庙的地面是绿色的。在希腊和摩尔人中绿 色代表胜利。对于穆斯林来说绿色是神圣的,在前 往圣地麦加朝圣之后他们手拿绿色的旗帜,头戴绿 色的(穆斯林的)头巾。他们甚至把做祷辞用的小 块地毯也设计成绿色图案。苏格兰高地人以身穿绿 色来代表荣誉。绿色也是爱尔兰的国色。绿色作为 交通信号色则表示通行。在医疗急救设备上往往涂 有绿色。在家庭中使用绿色可有益于消除身心疲惫。
Culture: [ˈkʌltʃə(r)]
n: 文化; 养殖; [生物学] (微生物等的) 培养; 修养 Vt: 培植,培养
Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.
3.有时 blue 又有社会地位高、出身名门的意义, 如:He is proud of his blue blood. 他因出身名门贵 族而骄傲
white
1.white 在汉语和英语的联想意义中都有纯洁 和清白的意思,但也有一些含义上的不同。 例如,汉民族文化中,白色与死亡、丧事相 联系。如“红白喜事”中的“白”指丧事 (funeral),表示哀悼。但在英语文化中, white 表示幸福和纯洁,如新娘在婚礼上穿白 色礼服,代表爱情的纯洁和婚姻的贞洁。
关于文化的英语文章带翻译
关于文化的英语文章带翻译中国有五千年的历史,中国文化可谓源远流长。
由于改革开放,西方的文化以及匪夷所思的思想一并涌向我国,所以说抓精神文明建设是十分重要的。
下面是店铺带来的关于文化的英语文章带翻译,欢迎阅读!关于文化的英语文章带翻译篇一十二生肖In traditional China, dating methods were cyclical means something that is repeated time after time according to a pattern.据中国传统文化,日期是循环的,也就是说,日期的循环是周而复始的。
A popular folk method which reflected this cyclical method of recording years are the Twelve Animal Signs.记录这周而复始日期的最流行的民间方法就是十二生肖。
Every year is assigned an animal name or “sign” according to a repeating cycle: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake,Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, and Boar.Therefore, every twelve years the same animal name or “sign” would reappear.即:每一年由一个动物代表,每隔十二年进行一个循环。
这十二个动物分别是:鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪。
A cultural sidelight of the animal signs in Chinese folklore is that horoscopes have developed around the animal signs.十二生肖在中国民间传说中有其文化内涵,占星术就是由其发展而来的。
文化英语短文带翻译
文化是社会的一个动态方面,包括语言、传统、信仰和艺术等各种因素。语言在定义文化方面起着至关重要的作用,因为它是社区内沟通和表达的主要手段。在这篇文章中,我们将深入探讨文化在学习英语作为第二语言中的重要性,并探索文化如何影响语言习得。
文化和语言密切相关。在学习一门新语言时,学习者不仅需要掌握必要的词汇和语法规则,还需要熟悉目标语言的文化和习俗。这种文化成分帮助学习者更深入地理解语言,并使他们能够与母语使用者有效地交流。
Language teaching methods can also be adapted to accommodate cultural differences. For example, in some cultures, learning is more teacher-centered, with a focus on memorization and repetition. In contrast, English language teaching often emphasizes student-centered approaches, promoting critical thinking and creativity. By acknowledging and respecting these cultural differences, educators can create a learning environment that meets the diverse needs of their students.
Culture and language are intimately intertwined. When learning a new language, learners not only acquire the necessary vocabulary and grammar rules but also familiarize themselves with the culture and customs of the target language. This cultural component helps learners gain a deeper understanding of the language and allows them to communicate effectively with native speakers.
中国文化翻译
Chinese Culture, Education, Science and
Technology
P. 17:
儒教、道教、佛教 Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, 四大发明 Four Great Inventions 非竞技体育运动(如太极拳、武术) non-competitive sports (such as tai chi and wushu) 竞技体育运动 competitive sports
非命、非攻 oppose fatalism, oppose aggressive wars 节用(厉行节约)、节葬 uphold thriftiness, uphold simple funerals 韩非子 Han Fei Zi 官僚制度 bureaucracy 两汉经学 the orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty 汉武帝 Emperor Wudi (of Han Dynasty) “罢黜百家,独尊儒术” ban all schools of thought except Confucianism 官学 orthodox school 正统哲学 orthodox philosophy
儒家学说是以孔子和孟子为代表人物的思想学派。
Confucianism is a school of thought represented by Confucius and Mencius.
儒家学说以孔子的学说为核心思想,将孔子的言行奉为 最高行为准则。
Confucianism takes the teachings of Confucius as its core of thought and regards the words and deeds of Confucius as its highest code of behavior.
中国传统文化英语翻译
元宵节: Lantern Festival2. 刺绣:embroidery3. 重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节:Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸:Paper Cutting6. 书法:Calligraphy7. 对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow10.四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle11.战国:Warring States12.风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13.铁饭碗:Iron Bowl14.函授部:The Correspondence Department15.集体舞:Group Dance16.黄土高原:Loess Plateau17.红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals18.中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day19.结婚证:Marriage Certificate20.儒家文化:Confucian Culture21.附属学校:Affiliated school22.古装片:Costume Drama23.武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie24.元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25.一国两制:One Country, Two Systems26.火锅:Hot Pot27.四人帮:Gang of Four28.《诗经》:The Book of Songs29.素质教育:Essential-qualities-oriented Education30.《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31.大跃进:Great Leap Forward (Movement)32.《西游记》:The Journey to the West33.除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34.针灸:Acupuncture35.唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36.中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37.偏旁:radical38.孟子:Mencius39.亭/阁: Pavilion/ Attic40.大中型国有企业:Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41.火药:gunpowder42.农历:Lunar Calendar43.印/玺:Seal/Stamp44.物质精神文明建设:The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45.京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46.秦腔:Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47.太极拳:Tai Chi48.独生子女证:The Certificate of One-child49.天坛:Altar ofHeaven in Beijing50.小吃摊:Snack Bar/Snack Stand51.红双喜:Double Happiness52.政治辅导员:Political Counselor/School Counselor53.春卷:Spring Roll(s)54.莲藕:Lotus Root55.追星族:Star Struck56.故宫博物院:The Palace Museum57.相声:Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58.下岗:Lay off/Laid off59.北京烤鸭:Beijing Roast Duck60.高等自学考试:Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61.烟花爆竹:fireworks and firecracker62.敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves63.电视小品:TV Sketch/TV Skit64.香港澳门同胞:Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65.文化大革命:Cultural Revolution66.长江中下游地区:The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67.门当户对:Perfect Match/Exact Match68.《水浒》:Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69.中外合资企业:Joint Ventures70.文房四宝(笔墨纸砚):"The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"71.兵马俑:cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army72.旗袍:cheongsam一、对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。
中国文化和汉英翻译
Definition Four
In 1871 E.B. Taylor defined culture as "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and many other capabilities and habits acquired by members of society." "Culture means the total body of tradition borne by a society and transmitted from generation to generation. It thus refers to the norms, values, standards by which people act, and it includes the ways distinctive in each society of ordering the world and rendering it intelligible. Culture is...a set of mechanisms for survival, but it provides us also with a definition of reality. It is the matrix into which we are born, it is the anvil upon which our persons and destinies are forged."
Culture and Translation
文化与翻译
It is not easy to give a clear definition about culture. There are various definitions about it.
文化与翻译
东风 vs East Wind 西风vs 西风 West Wind 东风:温暖、春风、 东风:温暖、春风、春天 闲愁万种,无语怨东风。( 西厢记》 。(《 闲愁万种,无语怨东风。(《西厢记》) 辛弃疾:东风夜放花千树,更吹落,星如雨。 辛弃疾:东风夜放花千树,更吹落,星如雨。 西风: 西风:寒冷干燥 马致远:古道西风瘦马,小桥流水人家, 西风瘦马 马致远:古道西风瘦马,小桥流水人家,断肠 人在天涯。( 天净沙·秋思 。(《 秋思》 人在天涯。(《天净沙 秋思》)
颜色词的文化差异及翻译
Colorful Colors 色彩与人类的生活息息相关, 色彩与人类的生活息息相关,是人类认识世界 的一个重要领域。色彩不仅具有物理属性, 的一个重要领域。色彩不仅具有物理属性,还 有着丰富的文化内涵和延伸意义,因此是语言、 有着丰富的文化内涵和延伸意义,因此是语言、 文化及翻译研究中的一个重要课题。 文化及翻译研究中的一个重要课题。 英语中的11个基本色彩词 英语中的 个基本色彩词black, white, red, 个基本色彩词 yellow, green, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange, gray 相当于汉语的黑、 棕色、 相当于汉语的黑、白、红、黄、绿、蓝、棕色、 粉红、 紫、粉红、橙、灰。
Blue还有社会地位高、出身名门的意义,如 还有社会地位高、出身名门的意义, 还有社会地位高 blue blood:贵族血统。 :贵族血统。 根据搭配blue还有另外的含义,如: 还有另外的含义, 根据搭配 还有另外的含义 out of blue 意想不到 意想不到, once in a blue moon千载难逢 千载难逢, 千载难逢 drink till all’s blue 一醉方休。 一醉方休。 白发老人” “白发老人”? grey-haired people grey表示暗淡、失望、模糊等意思,如grey 表示暗淡、 表示暗淡 失望、模糊等意思, prospects暗淡的前景。 grey还有“老练”之 暗淡的前景。 还有“ 暗淡的前景 还有 老练” 意,如grey experience。 。
2023年高中备考:传统文化英语作文带翻译(精选多篇)
2023年高中备考:传统文化英语作文带翻译(精选多篇)1. 传统文化的重要性 Importance of Traditional Culture传统文化是代代相传的财富,它包括传统艺术、祭祀、戏剧、音乐、诗歌和绘画等。
这些文化遗产代表了一个国家丰富的历史和文化背景。
然而,在现代化的进程中,传统文化的价值被忽视了,人们更加追求新奇和时尚的事物。
但传统文化不仅仅是一些历史遗迹,而是具有锤炼品德,陶冶情操的功能。
对于我们而言,传统文化是一种独特的身份认同、历史记忆和精神寄托。
因此,我们应该保护和传承传统文化,同时,将其融入到现代生活中,让传统与现代相结合,促进文化的创新和传承。
Traditional culture is a treasure passed down from generation to generation, including traditional arts, ceremonies, dramas, music, poetry, and painting. These cultural heritages represent a country's rich history and cultural background. However, in the process of modernization, the value of traditional culture has been neglected, and people pursue more novelty and fashion. But traditionalculture is not just some historical relics, but has the function of tempering moral character and cultivating sentiment. For us, traditional culture is a unique identity recognition, historical memory, and spiritual sustenance. Therefore, we should protectand inherit traditional culture, while integrating it into modern life, combining tradition with modernity, promoting cultural innovation and inheritance.2. 中国国画 The Chinese Painting中国国画是一种源远流长的绘画形式,历史悠久,流传至今,代表着中国传统文化和美学的精髓。
文化翻译方法
除了我这间房,大院里还有二十多间呢 一共住 除了我这间房 大院里还有二十多间呢.一共住 大院里还有二十多间呢 着多少家子,谁说得清 住两间房的就不多,又搭上 谁说得清?住两间房的就不多 着多少家子 谁说得清 住两间房的就不多 又搭上 今儿个搬来,明儿个又搬走 我没那么好的记性.大 明儿个又搬走.我没那么好的记性 今儿个搬来 明儿个又搬走 我没那么好的记性 大 家见面,招呼声 吃了吗?”透着和气 招呼声”吃了吗 透着和气. 家见面 招呼声 吃了吗 透着和气 Besides the room we occupy there are twenty more rooms in the same compound. How many families live there, only God knows. Those who occupy two rooms are very few. Besides, they are always on the go (moving in today and moving out tomorrow). I haven’t got such a good memory as to remember all that. When people meet, they greet with each other with a Hi, just to show their good neighborly feelings.
文化翻译基本方法
直译Literal translation & 意译 意译free translation 直译 人家是醋罐子,他是醋缸,醋瓮! 人家是醋罐子,他是醋缸,醋瓮! Y: If other women are jealous, she’s a hundred times. H: They call jealous people “vinegar bottles”, don’t they? Well, she’s not just a bottle full of vinegar; she’s a storage jar --- a whole cistern --- full of it!
英语六级传统文化翻译
1、中国酒文化Chinese Wine Culture1中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒;2总的来说,不管是古代还是现代,酒都和中国文化息息相关;3长久以来,中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色;4我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴,在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒;5作为一种文化形式,酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分,比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等; 1Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago. 2Generally speaking,wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times. 3Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people's life for a long time. 4 Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry, or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast. 5Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party, farewell dinner, wedding, etc.2、中国书法Chinese Calligraphy1characters Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history, but also an art of self-cultivation andself-expression. 2 Inner world of the writer could be reflected with the help of beautiful Chinese script. 3Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in Chinese art, for it has influenced other Chinese artistic forms like classical poetry, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts. 4As a treasured artistic form of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy is enjoyed by people throughout the world and is becoming more and more popular.1中国书法历史悠久,它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式,也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术;2作者的内心世界通过美妙的字体得以体现;3书法在中国艺术中拥有举足轻重的地位,因为它影响到了其它的中国艺术形式,比如古典诗歌、雕塑、传统音乐及舞蹈、建筑及手工艺品;4作为传统的艺术瑰宝,中国书法被全世界人民所喜爱,且越来越受到欢迎;3、中国山水画 Landscape Painting1山水画一直以来都被誉为中国绘画的最高境界;2它品味高端,很受欢迎;3一般意义上,中国山水画被认为是书法、绘画及诗歌的结合或延伸;4汉语“山水”这个词由“山”和“水”两个汉字组成,且与道教的哲学思想相联系,它强调的是人与自然的和谐;5中国画家描绘的并不总是真实的世界,他们呈现的是自己想象出来的风景,这些风景不再只是对眼前世界的描绘,而是画家内在思想的写照;6因此,人们认为欣赏山水画除了可以很好地了解画家的内心世界之外,还可以净化自己的灵魂;1Landscape painting is traditionally considered as the highest form of Chinese painting styles. 2It is very popular and is associated with refined scholarly taste. 3Chinese Landscape painting in general is seen as a combination or extension of calligraphy, painting, and poetry. 4The Chinese term for “landscape” is made up of two characters meaning “m ountains and water”. It is linked with the philosophy of Daoism, which emphasizes harmony with the natural world. 5Chinese artists do not usually paint real placebut imaginary landscape which is no longer about the description of the visible world, but a means of conveying the inner mind. 6People therefore believe that looking at landscape painting is a good way to realize the artist’s inner heart as well as a way to purify their souls.4、中国戏曲 Chinese Opera1在中国,戏曲是一种很流行的戏剧形式,一般来说,可以追溯到唐朝时期,当时的皇帝唐玄宗创立了“梨园”;2如今,许多外国人也很喜欢中国的戏曲;3最吸引他们的则是戏曲的独有风格—画脸谱,它不仅是戏曲中的一大亮点,同时还要求独特的绘画技艺;4每个演员脸上夸张的扮相代表其扮演角色的性格和命运;5熟知戏曲的观众通过观察演员的脸谱和服装就可以知道角色背后的故事;6通常,红色脸谱代表忠诚与勇敢;黑色代表凶猛;黄色和白色代表口是心非;金色和银色代表神秘;7对于中国人,特别是老年人,欣赏戏曲是他们的一大乐趣;1Chinese opera is a popular form of drama in China. In general, it dates back to the Tang Dynasty with Emperor Xuanzong, who founded the “Pear Garden”. 2Now Chinese opera is warmly welcomed by many foreign people. 3What appeals foreigners most might be the distinctive style of facial make-up, which is one of the highlights and requires distinctive techniques of painting.4Exaggerated designs are painted on each performer's face to symbolize a character's personality, and fate. 5Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes. 6Generally, a red face represents loyalty and bravery; a black face, rough ; yellow and white faces, duplicity; and golden and silver faces, mystery. 7For Chinese, especially older folks, to listen to opera is a real pleasure.5、京剧 Peking Opera1京剧是中国的一种传统艺术;2它是中国戏曲的一种,诞生于于1790年四大徽班Four Great Anhui Troupes入京表演的时候;19世纪中期得到快速发展,到清朝达到全盛阶段;3京剧被看成是中国的文化瑰宝之一;4虽然它被称为京剧,但是它的起源地却是中国的安徽省和湖北省;5京剧起初是一种宫廷表演艺术,而后才慢慢普及到民间;6在数百年前,京剧作为一种新的戏曲形式,无论在哪里进行表演,都饱受欢迎;7而在现代社会中,包括京剧在内的传统戏曲却不大能被年轻人接受,面临着巨大的生存危机;1Peking opera is a traditional art in China. 2It is a kind of Chinese opera which was born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes came to Beijing in 1790, arose in the mid-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty. 3Peking opera is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. 4Although it is called Beijing opera, its origins are in the Chinese provinces of Anhui and Hubei. 5Peking opera was originally staged for the court and came into the public later. 6Hundreds of years ago, as a new drama form, wherever it was performed, it would be warmly welcomed. 7Unfortunately, in the modern world, traditional operas including Peking Opera have to face the existential crisis, because they are not easily accepted by younger generations.6、昆曲 Kunqu Opera1昆曲是中国古老戏曲中的一种,起源于江苏昆山,拥有600多年的历史;2它是连接过去与现在,中国与世界的纽带,对现今中国的戏曲形式,包括川剧与京剧在内,都产生了重要的影响; 3昆曲蕴含了各种意象美,从音乐、舞蹈到诗歌,人们的精神世界甚至中国人的灵魂,都有所体现;4正因为如此,昆曲在过去广受欢迎,也成了中国文化遗产中最珍贵的部分;5但是现在,昆曲不仅面临着来自大众流行文化的挑战,而且年轻人也对其缺乏兴趣;6只有进行适当的保护,昆曲才能拥有美好的未来;1Kunqu Opera, which originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu province, is one of China’s classical operas with a history of more than 600 years. 2Kunqu Opera serves as a link between past and present, China and the world. It has exerted a dominant influence on recent forms of opera in China, including the Sichuan and Beijing operas. 3Kunqu Opera embraced every imaginable beauty, from music and dance, to poetry and people’s spirit world and even very soul of the Chinese nation. 4so that Kunqu Opera was so popular in the past and became the most valuable part s of China’s cultural heritage.5But now, Kunqu Opera is facing competition from mass culture and a lack of interest amongst the young. 6It can only have a bright future when it is protected in a proper way.7、唐诗 Poems of the Tang Dynasty1唐代,是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期,在不到300年的时间里,涌现出了许多着名的诗人和诗作;2清朝时编辑的全唐诗Poems of the Tang Dynasty已收录2200多位诗人创作的48900多首诗歌;3这些诗歌让人们深入了解到当时社会生活的各个方面;4中国人很喜欢唐诗,就连小孩子也能背出几首,如李白的静夜思Thoughts in the Silent Night,杜甫的春夜喜雨Good Rain on a Spring Night等等;5唐诗不仅是中国古代文学史上最光辉的一页,而且也是人类文化史中的一个奇迹;1The Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry, with many renowned poets and famous works appearing over a period of less than 300 years. 2Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 poets. 3These poems provide an insight into all aspects of the social life of the period. 4Chinese people are very fond of Tang poetry, and even children can recite some from memory, such as Thoughts in the Silent Night by Li Bai, Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu, etc.5Tang poetry not only serves as a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature, but is also a miracle in the history of human culture.8、中国武术Chinese Martial Arts/ Kungfu1中国武术拥有悠久的历史,在中国广为流行;2 受中国古典美学所提倡的刚柔并济的影响,,中国武术形成了自己的审美标准;3现在很多人习武是为了健康、娱乐和竞技;4为了更好地传承这一古老的技艺,全国各地开设有很多的武术俱乐部和协会;5自1980年起,一大批武术专业的毕业生被分配到学校里教授武术;6现在很多专家通过将搏斗技巧和健康结合到一起,试着将武术变为一项科学的运动;7他们希望有一天,武术可以作为一项赛事纳入奥运会中;1Chinese martial arts enjoy a long history and great popularity in China. 2Influenced by ancient Chinese aesthetics which advocated a balance between hardness and softness, Chinese martial arts have formed their own aesthetic standards. 3Today, many people practice it to pursue health, entertainment and competition. 4In order to inherit the ancient art, many martial arts clubs and associations have been established across China. 5Since 1980, a large number of graduates majoring in martial arts have been assigned to teach martial arts in schools. 6Many specialists today are tying to turn martialarts into a scientific sport by combining fighting skills with health. 7They hope that one day martial arts will become a sport event at the Olympic Games.9、长城 The Great Wall1长城,作为中国的象征之一,不仅是中国的奇迹,也是整个世界的奇迹;2它始建于春秋战国时期,秦始皇统一中国后,连结了各段长城以抵御外敌入侵;3现存的长城遗迹主要为建于14世纪的明长城;4长城有着两千多年的历史,于1987年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产;5现如今,长城仍是世界上最受欢迎的景点之一;1As one of the symbols of China, the Great Wall is a wonder not only to China but also to the whole world. 2The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After the unification of China, the first Emperor of Qin linked up different sections of the walls to prevent the invasion of the enemies. 3The present preserved Great Wall of China is the major parts built in the 14th century, called Ming Great Wall. 4With a long history of more than 2,000 years, the Great Wall of China was listed as World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987. 5Until now, the Great Wall is still one of the most popular attractions in the world.10、故宫 The Imperial Palace1故宫又名紫禁城,位于北京市中心,占地面积72万平方米;2它拥有众多的庭院,四面有高墙和护城河保护;3明清两代的皇帝和他们的家眷以及数百名宫女、太监曾在这里居住;4紫禁城于明朝1420年建成,普通百姓不能进入;5在1924年清朝末代皇帝被逐出故宫后,故宫于1925年变成了故宫博物院并对外开放;1Standing/Lying in the center of Beijing, the Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, covers an area of 720,000 square meters. 2It consists of dozens of courtyards and is protected by high walls and a moat on all four sides. The emperors of two dynasties. 3the Ming and the Qing, lived here with their families and hundreds of court ladies and palace eunuchs. 4The Forbidden City was completed in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty, which was not accessible to the common people. 5The Palace was converted into a museum in 1925 and has been open to the public after the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was driven out of the Palace in 1924.。
中国传统文化名称英语翻译
中国传统文化名称英语翻译我们学了英语,需要用英文介绍中国的美食和文化时,是否常常困惑怎么准确地翻译中国传统文化名词?比如火锅、羊肉泡馍、小笼包、豆腐脑?比如《诗经》、《史记》、《红楼梦》、《西游记》?现在中国传统文化名词英语翻译来了,一起来学习起来吧!1、元宵节:Lantern Festival2、刺绣:Embroidery3、重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival4、清明节:Tomb sweeping day5、剪纸:Paper Cutting6、书法:Calligraphy7、对联:Couplet8、象形文字:Pictograms,/Pictographic Characters9、雄黄酒:Realgar wine10、四合院:Siheyuan,/Quadrangle11、战国:Narring States12、风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13、昱曲:Kunqu Opera14、长城:The Great Wall15、集体舞:Group Dance16、黄土高原:Loess Plateau17、红白喜事:Neddings and Funerals18、中秋节:Mid-autumn Day19、花鼓戏:Flower Drum Song2O、儒家文化:Confucian Culture21、中国结:Chinese Knotting22、古装片:Costume Drama23、武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie24、元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling25、越剧:Yue Opera26、火锅:Hot Pot27、江南:South Regions of the Yangtze River28、《诗经》:The Book of Songs29、谜语:Riddle3O、《史记》:Historical Records,/Records of theGrand Historian31、《红楼梦》:A Dream of Red Mansions32、《西游记》:The Journey to the West33、除夕:Chinese New Year’sEve/Eve of theSpring Festival34、针灸:Acupuncture35、唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of Tang Dynas-ty/The Tang Tri-color Pottery36、二人车转:Errenzhuan37、偏旁:Radical38、孟子:Mencius39、亭/阁:Pavilion/Attic40、黄梅戏:Huangmei opera41、火药:Gunpowder42、农历:Lunar Calendar43、印/玺:Seal/Stamp44、腊八节:The laba Rice Porridge Festival45、京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46、秦腔:Qin Opera47、太极拳:Tai Chi48、《本草纲目》:Compendium of Materia Medica49、天坛:Temple of Heaven5O、小吃摊:Snack Bar/Snack Stand51、红双喜:Double Happiness52、文房四宝:The Four Treasures of the Study、笔墨纸砚:Brush,Inkstick,Paper,and Inkstone53、春卷:Spring Roll(s)54、莲藕:Lotus Root55、《三国演义》:The Romance of Three Kingdoms56、故宫博物院:The Palace Museum57、相声:Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58、五行:Five Elements59、北京烤鸭:Beijing Roast Duck60、《桃花扇》:The Peach Blossom Fan61、木偶戏:Puppet Show62、敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves63、电视小品:TV Sketch/TV Skit64、甲骨文:Oracle Bone Inscriptions65、古筝:Chinese Zither66、二胡:Urheen67、门当户对:Perfect Match/Exact Match68、《水浒》:Water Margin,/Outlaws of the Marsh69、炸酱面:Noodles with Bean Paste7O、国子监:Imperial Academy71、兵马俑:Cotta Warriors,/Terracotta Army72、旗袍:Cheongsam73、指南针:Compass74、泼水节:Water-Splashing Day75、馄饨:Wonton76、花卷:Steamed twisted rolls77、羊肉泡馍:Pita Bread Soaked in Lamb Soup78、冰糖葫芦:A stick of sugar--coated haws79、八宝饭:Eight--treasure rice pudding80、粉丝:Chinese Vermicelli81、豆腐脑:Jellied bean curd82、小品:Witty Skits83、孝顺:To show filial obedience84、武术:NuShu(Chinese Martial Arts)85、宣纸:Rice Paper86、衙门:Yamen87、叩头:Kowtow88、中庸:The way of medium(cf.Golden Means)89、牌楼:Pailou(pai-loo)90、东坡肉:Dongpo Pork91、中山陵:The Sun Yat--sen Mausoleum92、秦淮河:Qinhuai River93、玄武湖:Xuanwu Lake94、夫子庙:The Confucian Temple95、甲鸭血粉丝:Chinese Vermicelli Cooked withDuck Blood96、盐水鸭:Yanshuiya,or boiled salted duck97、大煮千丝:Raised Shredded Chicken with Hamand Dried Tofu98、小笼包:Steamed buns99、明孝陵:Ming Tomb100、云锦:Nanjing brocade。
文化类 英语翻译词汇
CATTI笔译考试词汇必备:文化类1. 消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance2. 扫除文盲 eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy3. 营造良好的文化环境 create a healthy cultural environment4. 促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products5. 开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries6. 博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries7. 开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture8. 保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage9. 继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions10. 繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art11. 举行每年一次的学术会议 hold an annual academic meeting12. 尊重知识,尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people13. 向世界展示中国文化建设的成就 introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to the world14. 加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments15. 提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle(way of life)16. 不注重历史 neglect history17. 推动人类文明进步 push forward human civilization18. 对......持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to19. 与各国人民交往 communicate with people of all countries20. 和......持相同观点 share views similar to21. 促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally22. 改进教学 improve teaching and learning23. 保护文化遗产 protect cultural relics24. 触击现行法律的盲区 touch a blank area of the existing law25. 增强自我保护意识 strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right26. 列为世界自然文化遗产 list …as a world natural heritage site27. 以全新的面貌进入新世纪 enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look28. 普及科普知识,传播科学思想,倡导科学精神 popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit29. 提高公务员的综合素质 improve the overall quality of civil servants30. 通过资格考试 pass qualification examinations31. 举办文化节 / 展览会 hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals / an exhibition32. 普及九年制义务教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal33. 精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care34 承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations35. 促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding36. 相互促进 help each other forward37. 互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars38. 交换意见 exchange views (ideas, opinions)39. 反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China40. 容纳三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers41. 发挥......的聪明才智 develop one’s own talents and wisdom42. 充分发挥知识分子的积极性和创造性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals43. 开设课程 offer courses44. 重视实用性 place stress on practicality45. 制止盗版软件 control the pirated software46. 提供受教育机会 offer a chance of education47. 有力地推动教育的发展 give a big push to the development of education48. 承前启后,继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future; inherit the past and usher in the future49. 物质文明,精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to the material progress and cultural progress50. 形成文明、健康、崇尚科学的社会风尚 form civilized, healthy and science - upholding social practice。
中国传统文化中英文翻译
中国传统文化中英文翻译1.元宵节:Lantern Festival2.刺绣:embroidery3.重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival4.清明节:Tomb sweeping day5.剪纸:Paper Cutting6.书法:Calligraphy7.对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets8.象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9.人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow10.四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle11.战国:Warring States12.风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13.铁饭碗:Iron Bowl14.函授部:The Correspondence Department15.集体舞:Group Dance16.黄土高原:Loess Plateau17.红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals18.中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day19.结婚证:Marriage Certificate20.儒家文化:Confucian Culture21.附属学校:Affiliated school22.古装片:Costume Drama23.武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie24.元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25.一国两制:One Country, Two Systems26.火锅:Hot Pot27.四人帮:Gang of Four28.《诗经》:The Book of Songs29.素质教育:Essential-qualities-oriented Education30.《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31.大跃进:Great Leap Forward (Movement)32.《西游记》:The Journey to the West33.除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring F estival34.针灸:Acupuncture35.唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36.中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37.偏旁:radical38.孟子:Mencius39.亭/阁:Pavilion/ Attic40.大中型国有企业:Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41.火药:gunpowder42.农历:Lunar Calendar43.印/玺:Seal/Stamp44.物质精神文明建设:The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45.京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46.秦腔:Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47.太极拳:Tai Chi48.独生子女证:The Certificate of One-child49.天坛:Altar of Heaven in Beijing50.小吃摊:Snack Bar/Snack Stand51.红双喜:Double Happiness52.政治辅导员:Political Counselor/School Counselor53.春卷:Spring Roll(s)54.莲藕:Lotus Root55.追星族:Star Struck56.故宫博物院:The Palace Museum57.相声:Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58.下岗:Lay off/Laid off59.北京烤鸭:Beijing Roast Duck60.高等自学考试:Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61.烟花爆竹:fireworks and firecracker62.敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves63.电视小品:TV Sketch/TV Skit64.香港澳门同胞:Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65.文化大革命:Cultural Revolution66.长江中下游地区:The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67.门当户对:Perfect Match/Exact Match68.《水浒》:Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69.中外合资企业:Joint Ventures70.文房四宝(笔墨纸砚):"The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"71.兵马俑:cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army。
文化,语言,翻译全文-大学课件-
· 44.1..11词. 英汇语差中异动词-各较种少词,性汉的使语用中频动率词不较同多
· 天已经擦黑,虫鸣蛙噪,一片喧闹。
· I t i s already dark, and the chorus of insects and frogs i s in f u l l swing.
· 看来我们免不了要碰上一场暴风雨了。
· The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the
inside.
· 彩虹有多种颜色,外圈红,内圈紫。
· Awomanwith f a i r opportunities, and without
类。 · 句子要素,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语
等的划分。
√ Asynthetic language i s “characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships”.
an absolute hump, may marry whomshe likes.
· 译文:一个女人只要有机会好,又不是很驼背, 想嫁给谁都行。
· Carlisle street runs westward, across a great black bridge, downa h i l l and up again, by l i t t l e shops and meat-markets, past singlestoried homes, until suddenly i t stops against a wide green lawn.
传统中国文化八大主题中英翻译
中国传统文化Traditional Chinese Culture1 书法艺术The Art of Calligraphy2 中国画的含意The Significance of Chinese Paintings3 重新发现孔子Rediscover Confucius4中医和西医的差异Differences between Chinese and Western Medicines5 戏曲的作用The Role of Operas6中国人崇尚的颜色:黄和红China’s Favorite Colo r: Yellow & Red:7筷子的重要性The Importance of Chopsticks8 茶的格调The Elegance of Tea Drinking1. 书法艺术The Art of Calligraphy有批评家指出,不同的书法风格有不同的政治寓意。
拿王羲之的书体来说。
他的书法在他有生之年被批评为非正统的书体,然而在他去世几十年之后又被认为是正统的书体。
Some critics suggest that different genres of Chinese calligraphy have different political implications. Take Wang Xizhi for an example. His calligraphy was repudiated as unorthodox during his lifetime but, only a few decades after his death, was established as an orthodox genre.从历史上看,中国书法和政治紧密相连。
2000多年前,秦始皇建立了官方的汉字体系。
新的简化文字使得书法不那么复杂了。
它允许人们使用带有更多直笔的文字,因此用毛笔写起来更加容易。
2.文化及汉英翻译
您辛苦了!
5. Relation ship between Culture ( 2) culture and translation
西方文化等。
Culture
---- the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. (Samovar, Porter & Stefani)
Language, Culture and Translating
语言是文化的载体,语言文化相互依存
Language 1
Language 2
Culture 1
Culture 2 translator
翻译从形式上是翻译语言,从实质上是交流文化
@ ZENG Wen-hua 14
翻译对文化的促进作用 季羡林先生在谈到翻译的作用时,曾以中华文明的发 展为例,作了如下精辟的阐述:“为什么中华文化竟延 续不断一直存在到今天呢?我想,这里面是因为翻译 在起作用。我曾在一篇文章中说过,若拿河流来作比 较,中华文化这一条长河,有水满的时候,也有水少 的时候,但却从未枯竭。原因就是有新水注入,注入 的次数大大小小是颇多的,最大的有两次,一次是从 印度来的水,一次是从西方来的水。而这两次的大注 入依靠的都是翻译。中华文化之所以能常葆青春,万 应灵药就是翻译。翻译之为用大矣哉!”
中国传统文化英文翻译
1. 元宵节:Lantern Festival2. 刺绣:embroidery3. 重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节:Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸:Paper Cutting6. 书法:Calligraphy7. 对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国:Warring States12. 风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗:Iron Bowl14. 函授部:The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞:Group Dance16. 黄土高原:Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证:Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化:Confucian Culture21. 附属学校:Affiliated school22. 古装片:Costume Drama23. 武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制:One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅:Hot Pot27. 四人帮:Gang of Four28. 《诗经》:The Book of Songs29. 素质教育:Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进:Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 《西游记》:The Journey to the West33. 除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸:Acupuncture35. 唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁:radical38. 孟子:Mencius39. 亭/阁:Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业:Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药:gunpowder42. 农历:Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺:Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设:The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔:Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳:Tai Chi48. 独生子女证:The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛:Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊:Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜:Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员:Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷:Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕:Lotus Root55. 追星族:Star Struck56. 故宫博物院:The Palace Museum57. 相声:Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗:Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭:Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试:Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹:fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves63. 电视小品:TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞:Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命:Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区:The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对:Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 《水浒》:Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业:Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝(笔墨纸砚):"The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"源地址:/GetEntry.do?id=722406948&owner=222638397。
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文化的翻译[摘要]随着中国国力的强盛,如何传播中华文化,在国际舞台争取相应的话语权,成为国内译者的主要任务。
本文通过对《京华烟云》英汉平行语料库的梳理,用实例来说明林语堂先生是如何用音译法来传播中华文化,尤其是对人名、地名、宗教、方言与用语、婚丧嫁娶、拟声词、脏话等方面的把握,同时对现在文化翻译中皆用音译提出自己的观点,旨在为译者处理中华文化的翻译提供一些启示。
[关键词]文化翻译;音译法;《京华烟云》英国语言学家Lyons说过,“特定社会的语言是这个社会文化的组成部分,每一种语言在词语上的差异都会反映出使用这种语言的社会的事物、习俗以及各种活动在文化方面的重要特征。
”中华文化,源远流长。
上下五千年,有多少民族语言文化智慧的结晶。
臂力论文网随着中国国力的强盛,如何传播中华文化,在国际舞台争取相应的话语权,成为国内译者的主要任务。
文化究竟能不能翻译?认为文化的可译性有左飚(1999)“论文化的可译性”,文章分析了文化可译性存在的前提以及不可译性向可译性转化的条件,对文化翻译的可接受性持积极的态度;主张文化不可译性的有谢玲(2004)的“文化差异与不可译性”,马小麒(2005)的“文化的不可译性”。
她们分析了英汉语言在文化上的巨大差异,尤其提及修辞和诗的翻译。
由于文化空缺现象严重,她们提出不太乐观的观点;还有讨论可译性限度的文章,如黄碧蓉(2005)的“文化的可译性限度”,杨才元(2009)的“文化的可译性:一个相对的概念”。
他们便认为文化差异决定文化很难翻译;即便能够翻译,也不过是“戴着镣铐跳舞”,有很多局限性。
回顾上世纪林语堂先生用英文创作的巨著《京华烟云》(Moment in Peking),林用娴熟的英文,巧妙的变通手法,将中华文化用英文介绍给西方读者,让更多的人了解特定时代的中国,了解中华文化。
笔者在参与创建《京华烟云》英汉平行语料库的过程中,对英汉语料进行过对比分析,发现今天译者想要做到的事情,即传播中华文化,林先生早在70多年前就已经尝试过,而且在西方引起轰动,很多西方人士正是通过《京华烟云》了解中国,了解中华文化。
译界对林的原文赞赏有加,称林为“两脚踏中西文化,挚爱故国不泥古”。
本文通过对《京华烟云》英汉平行语料库的梳理,用实例来说明林先生是如何用音译法来传播中华文化,尤其是对人名、地名、宗教、方言与用语、婚丧嫁娶、拟声词、脏话等方面的把握,以及运用Wordsmith Tools来分析音译法运用的频率;同时对现在文化翻译中皆用音译提出自己的观点,旨在为今人处理中华文化的翻译提供借鉴之处。
一、《京华烟云》英汉平行语料库《京华烟云》(Moment in Peking)写成于1939年,英文版70万字,分3卷,共45回。
林语堂的挚友赛珍珠也对《京华烟云》评价很高“它实事求是,,不为真实而羞愧。
它写得美妙,既严肃又欢快,对古今中国都能给予正确的理解和评价。
”在描述北平姚、曾、牛三大家族从义和团运动到抗日战争30多年间的恩怨情仇、悲欢离合同时,更多地用英文介绍中华文化,对在传播中华文化起到了不容忽略的作用。
1977年,台湾推出了张振玉的译本,名字也改为《京华烟云》。
1991年,湖南文艺出版社又出版了由郁达夫之子郁飞翻译的版本,这一次又改名为《瞬息京华》。
从语言、文化对比与翻译来说,Moment inPeking因为译本众多,尤其是张振玉、郁飞的译本在译介认可度较高,所以对比研究的价值很大。
《京华烟云》英汉平行语料库的建设,也常选择这两个译本来对应原文。
笔者全程参与该语料库的建设,以下选用实例,均来自该语料库。
语料库通过原文、译文一比二的比对,更加直观地展现中华文化的可译性。
一般来说,文化的可译性都是从原文到译文的顺序来对比分析,本来中华文化的可译性应当从汉语到英译的顺序来考究,但鉴于《京华烟云》的特殊性,先有英文,再有汉译本。
顺序虽然颠倒,但在从汉译本到原文的逆向思维中,仍然可以清晰地发现中华文化的可译性。
这里有人会质疑:创作怎么和翻译相提并论?林先生用英文创作《京华烟云》,难道是将头脑中的汉语思维翻译成英文的吗?笔者不敢武断地给出判定,毕竟林先生只用了_一年时间,就完成此书一一如果没有英语思维,如果没有驾驭两种语言的能力,恐难成型。
文章中提及的中华文化部分,采用的变通手法——音译、意译、音译加意译、音译加解释确为常用的翻译手法。
本文正是从这一角度,来考量中华文化翻译的可行性。
二、音译法在《京华烟云》中的应用音译法(Transliteration)并非新鲜事物,古代译经高僧释道安在翻译经典的过程中,更多采用的就是音译。
Newmark(2001)也分析了专有名词的翻译手法,其中一项就是音译法,叫做“transcription”,也就是标音;音译加文内注释,即“translation couplet”,辅助译语读者理解标音的意思;还提及了“translation triplet”,即音译,加两个解释。
汉字是表意文字,英文是表音文字。
汉语直接音译成英语,原文词语的直观意义、联想意义就会失去;因此,音译加注释或者解释就显得不可或缺。
因为对原文完完全全的翻译不太可能,译者总是在一系列相关利益冲突中,根据交流的目的,决定原文相关因素翻译时的轻重缓急。
《京华烟云》中,林先生运用音译、意译的手法来介绍中华文化,可能与早年在翻译《庄子》、《浮生六记》的过程中,感受中华文化在西方世界的卑微不无关系(西方自大,不愿了解当时弱势的中华文化;这种观念随着中国的强大有所好转,但并未消灭)。
其中,音译法主要用在中华文化中的人名、地名、宗教、方言与用语、婚丧嫁娶、拟声词、脏话等方面。
本文还将运用Wordsmith Tools来分析音译法运用的频率。
由于篇幅的限制,以下只具体介绍音译法在《京华烟云》中人(地)名、在道教思想、婚丧嫁娶中的应用,其他几个方面在音译法一览表中一并给出。
(一)音译法在《京华烟云》人(地)名中的应用《京华烟云》原文中人物众多,各有特色。
即便是丫鬟仆人,也刻画得有血用肉。
小说刚开始,林就介绍了一些音译人物的读音、解释,帮助西方人士理解书中角色和人物之间的关系。
书中提到的地名无数,由北平到杭州,从天津到泰山。
林在描述这些富含中华文化的人名、地名时,多采用音译,音译加意译,或者是音译加注释,当然也有意译、意译加注释的手法。
试看几例:这四个例子中,人名“Lotung”,“Lota”,“Yao”是典型的音译;“Kuanyin,or Goddess of臂力论文网Mercy”是音译加意译,“MoyapEi,a big rock withTang inscriptions”是音译加注释。
也都是译界常说的“translation couplet”。
(二)音译法在《京华烟云》道教思想中的应用《京华烟云》中,宗教思想俯拾皆是。
庄子的道教思想贯穿小说始末。
前世来生,命中注定的佛教理念随处可见。
道教起源于中国,具有浓厚的中华文化色彩;佛教虽然起源于印度,但在传人中国以后,得到发展壮大,深厚的儒家思想丰富了佛教,因此中国的佛教带有自己的文化特色。
林先生是如何处理这两种宗教,传播自己的信仰?试看几例:这几例中,道教“Tao”、庄子“chuangtse”都运用了音译,将庄子关于世界的哲理用英文表达出来。
林用流畅的语言指出了道教强调自然规律;佛教注重因果报应。
两者都要求人弃恶从善,体现得是中华文化的精髓——与人为善,尊重规律,强调和谐,道教精髓的思想在他的笔下自然流露。
(三)音译法在《京华烟云》婚丧嫁娶中的处理小说中的婚丧嫁娶,场面宏大,毕竟姚、曾都是大户人家。
越是大户人家,婚丧嫁娶的仪式越是传统,越能够体现悠久的中华风俗文化。
试看一例:林先生处理婚丧嫁娶,多数用得是直译。
个别用的是音译,比如这里的“tsunghsi”,以及它的解释“or confronting an evil by a happy event,inshort,having the wedding while the boy was ill”,这里对“tsunghsi”有两种解释,就是“translationtriplet”。
其实,客观的场面描述,不正是中华风俗文化的最好写照吗?!西方人士来到中国,偶然遇见现代式婚礼,往往无动于衷;如果遇到古典式的婚礼,八抬大轿、高头大马,一般都会驻足观瞧,止步流连,中华文化才是他们兴趣所在,正所谓“大土才是大洋”,“地方的就是世界的”。
(四)音译法在《京华烟云》中的运用分析Wordsmith Tools常被用来分析词语的出现频率,前后关联的词语,非常直观。
笔者对《京华烟云》中的音译法进行了汇总,主要分析在人名、地名、宗教、方言与用语、婚丧嫁娶、拟声词、脏话等方面的运用情况。
其实,音译法不难识别。
一般来说,音译大都用到斜体。
依照此法,先从整理好的Word文件中找出斜体部分,再用WordsmithTools单独进行分析,必要时人工干预,挑选出需要的音译部分;得出相关的结果。
先举一例:拿“Mulan”来说,Wordsmith Tools分析的结果,词频为2103次,同时可以发现音译“Mulan”的解释“the elder girl”或者“Mulan(magnolia]was thename of a Chinese Joan of Arc”,所以“Mulan”的音译可以认为是有“translation couplet”;“KangYi”出现的频率只有1次,没有其他解释说明,因此“Kang Yi”的音译就仅仅是音译,而不是“translation couplet”。
由于篇幅关系,每一部分只举一例(√表示此项有的;×表示此项没有)(详细信息将收录在项目后期的列表中)。
此表仅是音译法在《京华烟云》中的一瞥。
为什么有的人名、地名等文化特色词语,林氏没有采用音译,而是选用意译?或者同样的人名既用到了音译,也用到了意译。
是作者本人的喜好,还是作者认为取决于西方人士对中华文化的熟知程度?考虑到有些人名、地名等音译部分可能重复,如何将音译的部分一一整理出来,做到精确统计?另外,上述分类是否合理?如何分类更加合适?这些都是下个阶段研究的主要任务。
三、音译法背后的思考音译法在整篇小说中运用不太多,但在上个世纪三十年代,音译法并不受宠、异化翻译流行的年代,林向世界推介中华文化的意识可见一斑。
现在,情况正好相反。
只要是有关文化方面的翻译,言必称音译,音译几乎泛滥成灾。
好像没有音译,文化就无法传播。
比如“绍兴黄酒”,就有人建议直接译成汉语拼音“Shaoxing Huangjiu”,取代常用的“Shaoxing Wine”或者“Shaoxing RiceWine”。
倘若通篇文章几乎全是中华文化特色词语,如果都用音译或者音译加注释,太多的信息,使得译语读者的阅读负担加重,影响阅读的流畅性;有时难免给人感觉:太多的音译还不如直接叫他们学习中文。