sci论文写作(9-21)
SCI论文写作模板(葵花宝典)
Title：论文题目×××Zhang Qingke1，Yang Bo，Chen Yuehui，Wang lin(作者的隶属单位)Abstract:。
（约250words）Keywords:xxxx;xxxx;xxxx;xxxxxx;xxxxxxxx;xxx;xxxxxxxxxx; (6-7个)1 Introduction写完Results和Discussion，你会对这篇文章内容有着更深入的理解。
这个时候，才回过头写Introduction。
这样做的目的是便于你在Introduction部分提出的一些假设或者预设的问题与Discussion的主要讨论问题前后呼应。
第一段：笼统的介绍该方向研究的意义第二段：综述前人的工作，提出目前的不足或相关的信息，引出该工作的工作动机第三段：根据分析提出某种假设第四段：简单介绍该工作开展的思路，方法，目标，和可能的结论2 Materials and Methods这部分中最好写的。
实事求是地描叙自己的实验材料，实验设计、实验过程、测定方法，数据的采集，分析、计算及其统计方法等。
当然，你也不要一字不漏地描写你的材料与实验过程。
过细，容易造成后面的结果与讨论部分显的单薄，文章整体看上去就会头大身子小，不协调。
过粗，读者看不明白，甚至怀疑你的结果。
因此，这个部分需要有分寸。
原则是主要结果的材料与方法可以偏细，而基本状等次要的部分一笔带过。
实验材料，实验设计，实验过程，数据采集，分析技术及其统计方法。
实事求是地描叙自己的实验材料，实验设计、实验过程、测定方法，数据的采集，分析、计算及其统计方法等。
3 Result在写之前，先列几个subsections，把相对应的图表放进去。
描写一张表或者一副图，第一句应该是交代这个表或者图所表达的主题，然后依次述说。
可以从大到小，可以由特征A到特征B……。
这里需要注意的是条理清楚，重点突出。
一般在Results中，我不喜欢讨论。
SCI论文写作指导
如何写SCI文章 第1页SCI论文写作指导（题目—摘要—前言—结果—讨论—期刊—投稿）最近收集到一份实用、高效、全面的写作指导，具体内容如下（具体每点见相应的编号文章）1.Focusing on Your Central Message2.Eight Steps to Developing an Effective Outline3.Twelve Steps to Developing an Effective First Draft4.Ten Steps to Writing an Effective Abstract5.Ten Steps to Writing an Effective Introduction6.Twelve Steps to Writing an Effective Results Section7.Fourteen Steps to Writing an Effective Discussion Section8.Twelve Steps to Writing an Effective Materials and Methods9.Twelve Steps to Developing Effective Tables and FIgures10.Developing an Effective Title11.Selecting a Journal12.Responding to Reviewers13.Eleven Reasons why Manuscripts are Rejected14.Journal Submission Checklist15.Promoting Your PublicationFocusing on your Central MessageSan Francisco EditThis is one of the most important parts of writing your paper, and one that is often overlooked. Think carefully about what it is that you want your readers to understand about your work. Remember, we are all busy and we need to absorb your message quickly and clearly. Try these exercises:1. Write down the three central points of your paper.2. Summarize your paper in one sentence.3. Describe your work to a colleague in one minute.These might sound easy, but try them and you'll find out they aren't!Don't rush this part of your planning. It is worth spending time getting it right. Once you have mastered these exercises you will feel more confident about the whole writing process that follows.A common problem with summarizing your work is that there are usually several major findings. This exercise is meant to focus your thinking on the central issues. It is not going to form the published abstract. So, if you really can't squeeze your key message into one sentence don't worry. Try to do it in two. If you can't do that then you need to take a careful look at the reasons. Remember, this is a very important part of the process for writing papers so work at it. Talk to your colleagues and see if between you it is possible to highlight the central message of your work.A number of studies have indicated that a badly written manuscript with poor use of English, even with good science, has less chance of being accepted and published.Eight Steps to Developing an Effective OutlineSan Francisco EditPreparing an outline is the most important step in the process of producing a manuscript for publication in a journal. The outline bears roughly the same relation to the final manuscript as an architectural blueprint does to a finished house.Its purpose of an outline is to divide the writing of the entire paper into a number of smaller tasks.A good outline will organize the various topics and arguments in logical form. By ordering the topics you will identify, before writing the manuscript, any gaps that might exist.There is no single best way to prepare a scientific manuscript, except as determined by the individual writer and the circumstances. You should know your own style of writing best. Whatever you decide to do, you should follow at least these steps before beginning to write your manuscript.Remember, at this stage, you are only constructing an outline. You are not writing; you just need to put down some notes to guide your thinking.1. Develop a central message of the manuscriptPrepare a central message sentence (20-25 words). If you were asked to summarize your paper in one sentence, what would you say? Everything in the manuscript will be written to support this central message.2. Define the materials and methodsBriefly state the population in which you worked, the sampling method you employed, the materials you used, and most importantly, the methods you used to carry out the study3. Summarize the question(s) and problem(s)What was known before you started the study? What answers were needed to address the problem(s)? List the key points pertaining to the question(s) and problem(s). What did you do to answer the question(s)?4. Define the principal findings and resultsYour central message sentence probably encapsulates the most important findings. There may be others that you feel ought to be included. List these in note form. Don't worry about the order or about how many you put down.5. Describe the conclusions and implicationsMake brief notes on each of the implications that arise from your study. What are the principal conclusions of your findings? What is new in your work and why does it matter? What are the limitations and the implications of your results? Are there any changes in practice, approaches or techniques that you would recommend?6. Organize and group related ideas togetherList each key point separately. Key points can be arranged chronologically, by order of importance or by some other pattern. The organizing scheme should be clear and well structured. You can use a cluster map, an issue tree, numbering, or some other organizational structure.Identify the important details, describe the principal findings, and provide your analysis and conclusions that contribute to each key point.7. Identify the references that pertain to each key point8. Develop the introductionBefore beginning on the introduction, read through the notes you have made so far in your outline. Read them through and see whether there is a coherent and cohesive story and a unifying theme that runs through the outline.Your introduction outline should start with the main message, describe what the purpose or objective of your study was, how you went about doing the study, what you found and what are the implications of what you found.Twelve Steps to Developing an Effective First Draft of your ManuscriptSan Francisco EditYou should now have detailed notes you can use to write your draft paper. If you don’t have one already, it may help to prepare an outline for each section which includes a number of major headings, sub-headings and paragraphs covering different points. If you need help in preparing an outline see our article Eight Steps to Developing an Effective Manuscript Outline at /newsletters.htm. At this point you will need to convert your notes and outline into narrative form.Some people recommend that you begin with the Introduction and continue in order through each section of the paper to help ensure flow. Others suggest that you begin with the easiest sections, which are usually the Methods and Results, followed by the Discussion, Conclusion, Introduction, References and Title, leaving the Abstract until the end. The main thing is to begin writing and begin filling up the blank screen or piece of paper.1. Consolidate all the information. Ensure you have everything you need to write efficiently, i.e., all data, references, drafts of tables and figures, etc.2. Target a journal. Determine the journal to which you plan to submit your manuscript and write your manuscript according to the focus of the targeted journal. The focus may be clearly stated within the journal or may be determined by examining several recent issues of the targeted journal.3. Start writing. When writing the first draft, the goal is to put something down on paper, so it does not matter if sentences are incomplete and the grammar incorrect, provided that the main points and ideas have been captured. Write when your energy is high, not when you are tired. Try to find a time and place where you can think and write without distractions.4. Write quickly. Don't worry about words, spelling or punctuation at all at this stage, just ideas. Keep going. Leave gaps if necessary. Try to write quickly, to keep the flow going. Use abbreviations and leave space for words that do not come to mind immediately.5. Write in your own voice. Expressing yourself in your own way will help you to say what you mean more precisely. It will be easier for your reader if they can “hear” your voice.6. Write without editing. Don't try to get it right the first time. Resist the temptation to edit as you go. Otherwise, you will tend to get stuck and waste time. If you try to write and edit at the same time, you will do neither well.7. Keep to the plan of your outline. Use the headings from your outline to focus what you want to say. If you find yourself wandering from the point, stop and move on to the next topic in the outline.8. Write the paper in parts. Don't attempt to write the whole manuscript at once, instead, treat each section as a mini essay. Look at your notes, think about the goal of that particular section and what you want to accomplish and say.9. Put the first draft aside. Put aside your first draft for at least one day. The idea of waiting a day or more is to allow you to "be" another person. It is difficult to proofread and edit your own work; a day or more between creation and critique helps.10. Revise it. Revise it and be prepared to do this several times until you feel it is not possible to improve it further. The objective is to look at your work not as its author, but as a respectful but stern critic. Does each sentence make sense? In your longer sentences, can you keep track of the subject at hand? Do your longer paragraphs follow a single idea, or can they be broken into smaller paragraphs? These are some of the questions you should ask yourself.11. Revise for clarity and brevity. Revise sentences and paragraphs with special attention to clearness. For maximum readability, most sentences should be about 15-20 words. For a scientific article, paragraphs of about 150 words in length are considered optimal. Avoid using unnecessary words.12. Be consistent. Often a manuscript has more than one author and therefore the writing may be shared. However, the style needs to be consistent throughout. The first author must go through the entire manuscript and make any necessary editorial changes before submitting the manuscript to the journal.Ten Steps to Writing an Effective AbstractAn abstract is a condensed version of the manuscript, which highlights the major points covered, concisely describes its content and scope, and reviews its material in abbreviated form. It is usually the first section read and sets the tone of the paper for the reviewer. It must be concise and easy to read and must cover the important points of the paper.Many publications have a required style for abstracts; the "Guidelines for Authors" provided by the publisher will provide specific instructions. Stay within the publisher’s guidelines, or your manuscript might be rejected.Writing an abstract involves summarizing a whole manuscript and providing as much new information as possible. The best way to write an effective abstract is to start with a draft of the complete manuscript and follow these 10 steps:1.Identify the major objectives and conclusions.2.Identify phrases with keywords in the methods section.3.Identify the major results from the discussion or results section.4.Assemble the above information into a single paragraph.5.State your hypothesis or method used in the first sentence.6.Omit background information, literature review, and detailed description ofmethods.7.Remove extra words and phrases.8.Revise the paragraph so that the abstract conveys only the essentialinformation.9.Check to see if it meets the guidelines of the targeted journal.10.Give the abstract to a colleague (preferably one who is not familiar with yourwork) and ask him/her whether it makes sense.Writing an effective abstract will improve the chances of your manuscript being accepted, encourage people to read it, and increase its impact.A number of studies have indicated that a badly written manuscript with poor use of English, even with good science, has less chance of being accepted and published.Ten Steps to Writing an Effective IntroductionSan Francisco EditThe purpose of the Introduction is to stimulate the reader’s interest and to provide pertinent background information necessary to understand the rest of the paper. You must summarize the problem to be addressed, give background on the subject, discuss previous research on the topic, and explain exactly what the paper will address, why, and how. Besides motivating a reader to read your manuscript and to care about your results, the Introduction is useful also to the journal’s reviewers and editors in judging the importance of your manuscript.An Introduction is usually 300 to 500 words, but may be more, depending on the journal and the topic. Therefore, the Introduction needs to be very concise, well structured, and inclusive of all the information needed to follow the development of your findings.Some people recommend that the Introduction be the first section written when writing a manuscript. If you need help beginning, please read our article Twelve Steps in Developing an Effective First Draft at /newsletters.htm.Below are the steps in developing an effective Introduction. However, since every journal is different, it is important that you look at papers in your targeted journal to determine whether they use all of these steps. For example, some journals do not include conclusions in the Introduction.1. Begin the Introduction by providing a concise background account of the problemstudied.2. State the objective of the investigation. Your research objective is the mostimportant part of the introduction.3. Establish the significance of your work: Why was there a need to conduct the study?4. Introduce the reader to the pertinent literature. Do not give a full history of the topic.Only quote previous work having direct bearing on the present problem.5. Clearly state your hypothesis, the variables investigated, and concisely summarizethe methods used.6. Define any abbreviations or specialized terms.7. Provide a concise discussion of the results and findings of other studies so thereader understands the big picture.8. Describe some of the major findings presented in your manuscript and explain howthey contribute to the larger field of research.9. State the principal conclusions derived from your results.10. Identify any questions left unanswered and any new questions generated by yourstudy.Other points to consider when writing your Introduction:1. Be aware of who will be reading your manuscript and make sure the Introduction isdirected to that audience.2. Move from general to specific: from the problem in the real world to the literature toyour research.3. Write in the present tense except for what you did or found, which should be in thepast tense.4. Be concise.Twelve Steps to Writing an Effective Results SectionSan Francisco EditThe purpose of a Results section is to present the key results of your research without interpreting their meaning. It cannot be combined with the Discussion section unless the journal combines the Results and Discussion into one section. The results should be presented in an orderly sequence, using an outline as a guide for writing and following the sequence of the Methods section upon which the results are based. For every result there must be a method in the Methods section. It is important to carefully plan the tables and figures to ensure that their sequencing tells a story. If you need help in preparing an outline see our article Eight Steps to Developing an Effective Manuscript Outline at /newsletters.htm.1. Determine which results to present by deciding which are relevant to the question(s) presented in the Introduction irrespective of whether or not the results support the hypothesis(es). The Results section does not need to include every result you obtained or observed.2. Organize the data in the Results section in either chronological order according to the Methods or in order of most to least important. Within each paragraph, the order of most to least important results should be followed.3. Determine whether the data are best presented in the form of text, figures, graphs, or tables.4. Summarize your findings and point the reader to the relevant data in the text, figures and/or tables. The text should complement the figures or tables, not repeat the same information.5. Describe the results and data of the controls and include observations not presented in a formal figure or table, if appropriate.6. Provide a clear description of the magnitude of a response or difference. If appropriate, use percentage of change rather than exact data.7. Make sure that the data are accurate and consistent throughout the manuscript.8. Summarize the statistical analysis and report actual P values for all primary analyses.9. Use the past tense when you refer to your results.10. Number figures and tables consecutively in the same sequence they are first mentioned in the text. Depending on the journal, they should be in order at the end of the report after the References, or located appropriately within the text of your results section.11. Provide a heading for each figure and table. Depending on the journal the table titles and figure legends should be listed separately or located above the table or below the figure. Each figure and table must be sufficiently complete that it could stand on its own, separate from the text.12. Write with accuracy, brevity and clarity.Fourteen Steps to Writing an Effective Discussion SectionSan Francisco EditThe purpose of the Discussion is to state your interpretations and opinions, explain the implications of your findings, and make suggestions for future research. Its main function is to answer the questions posed in the Introduction, explain how the results support the answers and, how the answers fit in with existing knowledge on the topic. The Discussion is considered the heart of the paper and usually requires several writing attempts.The organization of the Discussion is important. Before beginning you should try to develop an outline to organize your thoughts in a logical form. You can use a cluster map, an issue tree, numbering, or some other organizational structure. The steps listed below are intended to help you organize your thoughts. If you need additional help see our articles Eight Steps to Developing an Effective Manuscript Outline and Twelve Steps to Developing an Effective First Draft of your Manuscript at/newsletters.htm.To make your message clear, the discussion should be kept as short as possible while clearly and fully stating, supporting, explaining, and defending your answers and discussing other important and directly relevant issues. Care must be taken to provide a commentary and not a reiteration of the results. Side issues should not be included, as these tend to obscure the message. No paper is perfect; the key is to help the reader determine what can be positively learned and what is more speculative.1. Organize the Discussion from the specific to the general: your findings to the literature, to theory, to practice.2. Use the same key terms, the same verb tense (present tense), and the same point of view that you used when posing the questions in the Introduction.3. Begin by re-stating the hypothesis you were testing and answering the questions posed in the introduction.4. Support the answers with the results. Explain how your results relate to expectations and to the literature, clearly stating why they are acceptable and how they are consistent or fit in with previously published knowledge on the topic.5. Address all the results relating to the questions, regardless of whether or not the findings were statistically significant.6. Describe the patterns, principles, and relationships shown by each majorfinding/result and put them in perspective. The sequencing of providing this information is important; first state the answer, then the relevant results, then cite the work of others. If necessary, point the reader to a figure or table to enhance the “story”.7. Defend your answers, if necessary, by explaining both why your answer is satisfactory and why others are not. Only by giving both sides to the argument can you make your explanation convincing.8. Discuss and evaluate conflicting explanations of the results. This is the sign of a good discussion.9. Discuss any unexpected findings. When discussing an unexpected finding, begin the paragraph with the finding and then describe it.10. Identify potential limitations and weaknesses and comment on the relative importance of these to your interpretation of the results and how they may affect the validity of the findings. When identifying limitations and weaknesses, avoid using an apologetic tone.11. Summarize concisely the principal implications of the findings, regardless of statistical significance.12. Provide recommendations (no more than two) for further research. Do not offer suggestions which could have been easily addressed within the study, as this shows there has been inadequate examination and interpretation of the data.13. Explain how the results and conclusions of this study are important and how they influence our knowledge or understanding of the problem being examined.14. In your writing of the Discussion, discuss everything, but be concise, brief, and specific.Twelve Steps to Writing an Effective Materials and MethodsSan Francisco EditIn the Materials and Methods section you explain clearly how you conducted your study in order to: (1) enable readers to evaluate the work performed and (2) permit others to replicate your study.You must describe exactly what you did: what and how experiments were run, what, how much, how often, where, when, and why equipment and materials were used. The main consideration is to ensure that enough detail is provided to verify your findings and to enable the replication of the study.You should maintain a balance between brevity (you cannot describe every technical issue) and completeness (you need to give adequate detail so that readers know what happened).This should be the easiest section to write. If you need help beginning, please read our article Twelve Steps in Developing an Effective First Draft at/newsletters.htm.Since each journal has different requirements, review the journal’s guidelines before beginning to write this section. The steps listed here are a general compilation of these requirements.1. Order your procedures chronologically or by type of procedure and then chronologically within type of procedure using sub-headings, where appropriate, to clarify what you did. It is up to you to decide what order of presentation will make the most sense to your reader.2. Use the past tense and the third person to describe what you did. For example: “The sample was incubated at 37ºC for 3 days.” - NOT: “I incubate the sample at 37ºC for 3 days.”3. Describe your experimental design clearly, including the hypotheses you tested, variables measured, how many replicates you had, controls, treatments, etc.4. Explain why each procedure was done. Reference may be made to a published paper as an alternative to describing a lengthy procedure.5. Identify the source of any specific type of equipment, a specific enzyme, organism, or a culture from a particular supplier, which is critical to the success of the experiment.6. Describe in detail any modifications to equipment or equipment constructed specifically for the study and, if pertinent, provide illustrations of the modifications.7. Precisely quantify measurements (all metric) and include errors of measurement.8. Describe the dates and the site where your field study was conducted including physical and biological characteristics of the site, if pertinent to the study’s objectives.9. Identify treatments using the variable or treatment name, rather than an ambiguous, generic name or number (e.g., use "healthy donors" rather than "group 1").10. If required by the journal, mention the approval for the study by the relevant ethics committee(s) and the informed consent of the subjects.11. Describe statistical tests and the comparisons made; ordinary statistical methods should be used without comment; advanced or unusual methods may require a literature citation.12. Show your Materials and Methods section to a colleague and ask whether they would have difficulty in repeating your study.Other points to consider when writing the Materials and Methods:1. Don't mix results with procedures.2. Omit all explanatory information and background - save it for the discussion.3. Don’t include information that is irrelevant to the reader, such as what color ice bucket you used, or which individual logged in the data.Twelve Steps to Developing Effective Tables and FiguresSan Francisco EditThe purpose of tables and figures is to report data too numerous or complicated to be described adequately in the text and/or to reveal trends or patterns in the data. Tables and figures are critical. If readers go beyond the abstract, they are likely to examine the tables and figures next.Before writing the first draft of your manuscript, it is important to organize the data you plan to present in the manuscript. By preparing the tables and figures, their titles and legends, and appropriate statistical analyses, you will be certain of your results before you need to interpret them. At this time you will also be able to determine if you have all the data you need. Before writing the first draft, it is important to plan which results answer the questions you posed in your research and which data can be left out.If you need help beginning, please read our article Twelve Steps in Developing an Effective First Draft at /newsletters.htm.1. Decide which results to present, paying attention to whether data are best presented within the text or as tables or figures.2. Limit the number of tables and figures to those that provide essential information that could not adequately be presented in the text.3. Include only results which are relevant to the question(s) posed in the introduction, irrespective of whether or not the results support the hypothesis(es).4. Design each table and figure to be understandable on its own, without reference to the text.5. Number each figure and table in the order in which they are referred to in the text (figures and tables are numbered separately).6. Organize the tables and figures in such an order that they tell a story.7. Check with the targeted journal, but typically tables and figures are located on separate pages that follow the Reference section.8. Make sure there is no page break in the middle of a table or figure, if the journal wants the tables and figures integrated into the text. Do not wrap text around tables and figures.9. Be sure all figures and tables are referenced in the text of the article.10. Obtain permission from the copyright holder (usually the publisher) and acknowledge the source, if you are including a table or figure that has already been published.11. Write the table titles and figure legends in the past tense.12. Provide information regarding what is presented in the table or figure in the table titles and figure legends, but not a summary or interpretation of the results.TablesTables are used to make an article more readable by removing numeric data from the text. Tables can also be used to synthesize existing literature, to explain variables, or to present the wording of survey questions.1. Create tables with the table function (pull down menu) in Microsoft Word. Do not use tabs.2. Use column headings and table notes accurately to simplify and clarify the table. In most cases, the meaning of each column should be apparent without reference to the text.3. Check with the journal, but most journals want the table title and table on the same page, with each table on a separate page in numerical order.FiguresFigures provide visual impact and therefore they are often the best way to communicate the primary finding. Figures are traditionally used to display trends and group results but can also be used effectively to communicate processes or to display detailed data simply.1. Label each axis including units of measurement and clearly identify the data you are displaying (e.g. label each line in a graph).2. Check with the journal, but most want the figure legends listed in numerical order ona separate page and each figure on a separate page in numerical order.。
SCI论文写作基础结构
SCI论文写作基础结构全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：SCI论文写作基础结构SCI （Science Citation Index）论文是科学引文索引，是一种由美国科学信息研究所出版的有影响力的学术期刊论文。
SCI论文在学术界具有很高的含金量和影响力，被广泛应用于各个学科领域的学术研究和论文发表中。
掌握SCI论文写作的基础结构是十分重要的，下面我们就来分析一下SCI论文写作的基础结构。
1. 标题标题是SCI论文的门面，是读者第一眼看到的内容，具有很高的宣传和表现作用。
一个吸引人的标题是非常重要的。
在SCI论文写作中，标题通常要求精炼明了、准确描述研究内容、具有一定的吸引力。
标题是整篇论文的精华所在，读者通过标题就能初步了解到整篇论文的主题和研究内容。
2. 摘要摘要是SCI论文的“缩影”，是整篇论文的提炼和概括，一般要求在300个单词左右。
在SCI论文写作中，摘要通常包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论等要点，要求简明扼要、清晰准确。
摘要的撰写要点包括对研究问题和方法的介绍、实验材料和对象的说明、研究结果和数据的总结，以及对结论和意义的阐述。
3. 导言导言部分是SCI论文的引子，是整篇论文的逻辑起点。
在SCI论文写作中，导言部分通常包括研究背景、研究目的和意义、国内外研究现状和问题阐述等内容。
导言部分的撰写要点包括对研究背景和意义的论述、研究目的和问题的阐明，以及对国内外研究现状和存在的问题进行分析和评述。
4. 方法方法部分是SCI论文的核心，是整篇论文实验设计和实施的蓝本。
在SCI论文写作中，方法部分通常包括研究设计、实验材料和方法、数据处理和统计分析等内容。
方法部分的撰写要点包括对研究设计和实验材料的介绍、实验方法和步骤的说明，以及对数据处理和统计分析的描述和计算公式等。
SCI论文写作的基础结构主要包括标题、摘要、导言、方法、结果、讨论和结论等部分。
各部分之间相互衔接、紧密联系，构成了SCI论文的完整和完美。
SCI论文写作指导PPT优秀课件
– 找几篇相关的优秀论文，把可能用到的句子 摘录下来填充到骨架中（“抄”，描红）
– 加上连接语或连接词使之具有起承转合
– 把句子按自己的语气和理解改成自己的话
• 反复修改
– 放置一段时间等印象淡了之后再读
–
多读几篇相关的优秀论文（也许有所感受） 8
– 请人读是否通顺，是否可以理解
论文的形式
手段）
3
SCI与影响因子
• 影响因子（impact factor, IF）：一种期刊的影响 因子，指的是该刊前二年发表的文献在当前年 的平均被引用次数
• IF代表了该杂志发表的论文平均受关注的程度 • IF是评价论文好坏的指标之一
– 一般而言，权威杂志的评审较为严格，论文 评价水准较高
– 好的杂志也有差的论文；一般杂志也有经典 论文
– 如果自己的研究是全是新的，没有前人的工作可对比，你就 可以说We aim to test the feasibility of the……It is hoped that the question will be resolved with our proposed method.
– IF无法作为经典工作的评价标准，但对于大 多数基础研究者而言是重要的标准
• IF只适用于本学科的比较
2021/6/3
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若干权威SCI杂志
• 综合类：
– Nature, Science, PNAS
• 医学领域：
– CA-CANCER J CLIN，NEW ENGL J MED， LANCET， JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC，J
– 多读是关键 – 八股文风 – 天下文章一大抄（但不能抄）
2021/6/3
SCI论文写作方法(超实用)
SCI论文写作方法（超实用）这是我在一个论坛上看到的一个猛人发的很多贴，感觉写的挺好，我就将他写的内容全部整下来，供自己也为大家提供一个参考SCI论文的写作对国内的同行来说似乎是一个拦路虎，让咱们就这个话题发表一下自己的意见。
我先来。
英语若是我们自己的母语的话，我相信我们每一个人发表的每一篇论文将都是SCI论文，因为国外的英语类杂志除了刚申办的之外都是SCI收录杂志，外国人发表的英语类论文都是SCI论文。
这说明了什么？关键是语言。
语言是非英语国家论文的最大障碍。
首先是时态和语态：在前言和讨论里，描述该研究的过去历史和现状时，要使用相应的时态：过去就使用过去时，现状要求现在时。
在材料与方法、结果里，写自己的研究过程时，要使用过去式。
在前言和讨论里引述别人的研究或话语时，要使用过去式，或者如果所引述的东西已被证实是真实的事实，要使用现在时。
最后的结论要使用现在时。
语态上要尽量使用被动语态，主动语态少用或不用。
谈到SCI论文，很多人似乎觉得这种文章很高深，不好写。
其实不然，有很多可写的。
除了实验研究之类的论文外，临床上做的很多都可以成文：一篇个案（case report 或者case report and literature review)，一点技术革新（techniqcal case report), 临床报告（4-5个个案可以写成一篇clinical report），正式论文（论著或原著original），甚至对某篇论文的看法都可以写成文章与编辑交流登报。
一点技术革新可以包括你如何解决临床上的一个难题，比如导管导丝在某个位置进不去，你如何解决的，都可以成文。
关于语态，要尽可能使用被动态。
比如要这样写：This study was carried out to investigate the complications of thyroid arterial embolization. 这种被动态论文中常见，而如果您写成“We carried out this study to investigate the complications of thyroid arterial embolization", 这种主动态无论从语法上还是其他方面来说都正确，但就是不适用于科学论文中。
SCI论文写作及投稿
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3、SCI论文写作-摘要
字数规定：一般不超过250个英文单词。 摘要由四大要素构成： （1）研究目的 一般用1-2句话交代文章要解决的主要问题，尽量少的涉及背景信息。 （2）研究方法 主要描述研究对象、实验设计、实施过程、实验手段。 （3）研究结果 描述研究的主要结果和创新性发现，包括主要数据和有无统计学意 义。注意不要简单罗列结果，要有选择、有逻辑地展示有意义的发 现。 （4）研究结论 总结创新性结论及可能的应用价值，也可以提出有待解决的问题。 注意与第一句的目的相呼应。
SCI论文写作及投稿
1
1、什么是SCI
三大检索
(一) SCI（Science Citation Index）科学引文索引
SSCI （Social Science Citation Index）社会科学引文索引
(二) EI (Engineering Index)工程索引 (三) ISTP (Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings)科技会议录索引
(一) SCI 科学引文检索
SCI列在国际三大著名检索系统之首，历来被公认为
世界范围最权威的科学技术文献的索引工具，能够提供科 学技术领域所有重要的研究成果。 从1992年开始，ISI归属于汤森路透公司（Thomson Reuters Corp）。2016年7月11日，SCI被抛售。
• 汤森路透公司（Thomson Reuters Corp）宣布将知识产权业务和科
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2、SCI期刊影响因子和分区
如何确定SCI期刊分区和IF？
• （1）中科院JCR分区在线平台
/
需要单位付费才可使用；
每年分区表发布之后，可以 在各种科研学术论坛里下载 到Excel或者PDF格式的文件。
SCI论文写作心得分享（完整版）
SCI论文写作心得分享SCI论文写作心得分享现今SCI论文已经成为了国内晋升和升学的基本考核内容之一，所以如何写好一篇SCI论文已经成为了每个学术工作者的必修课程了。
在SCI论文撰写的过程中思路和创新是关键，我们应该怎么做呢?1.SCI论文写作经验要写好文章，思路创新性和数据可靠性是两个基本条件。
思路创新有两种方法：如果你个人在某领域进行了多年研究，你觉得某些问题解决的关键应该在于某个方面的深入研究，如果很少有人注意此方面研究而你首先开始，那你的文章就创新。
这种方法创新的前提是，你在该领域有多年研究;否则很有可能失败。
因为你认为创新的东西可能是人家已经做过的二次创新。
例如最近三年有不同作者发了两篇文章，一篇报道因素A对提高玉米抗逆性有很大影响，第二篇报道因素B对小麦抗逆性有很大影响。
那么你就可以参考以上两法，研究因素A和因素B 对水稻抗逆性的影响。
这样做出来的文章一般也能发在和以上两篇文章档次差不多的杂志。
要保证数据的可靠，首先你要选用你的领域中普遍采用的方法，可以找几篇和你的研究类似的SCI文章，参考他们的研究方法。
实验结束后，立即进行总结数据，写文章，主要步骤可参考：A.Result部分。
将所有的试验结果整理成图和表，尽力挖掘图和表中的信息，越多越好。
在这个过程中尽可能和不同的研究人员探讨你的试验结果，因为不同的人对同一张表和图有不同的看法。
这样会给你写文章提供很好的思路。
B.分析完图表后，寻找你这个试验结果的Ke point，一定要保证这个Ke point具有较大的新意，或者说一个到这个Ke point 有一种振奋人心的感觉。
然后从所有图表中找出能够论证你这个Ke point 的图和表。
合理安排你的图和表，如果可能的话尽可能用图。
C.Result以后是Disussion，可以将disussion分为若干段落，可以是并列关系或者递进关系。
但要保证每一段都有一个主题，即每一段讨论一个主要话题。
SCI论文写作经验整理
仔细阅读所投期刊官网上的“Guide for Authors”，并且遵循所有行文结构。
正文文字用12号字或小四号字，要设置页码和行号，页码设置在页面底端居中位置，行号设置成“每页重编行号”。
《SCI论文写作和发表：You Can Do It》一书中建议的行文顺序为：先写Results部分，对应着Results部分再写其他部分，最后写Abstract部分。
论文在撰写时要自始至终都用英语写，写作时行文时态要注意（且要求相当严格）。
一般来说，大多数情况下是过去时态，在Introduction文献回顾，Methods整个部分，Results结果总结，Discussion中的大部分，都用过去时态陈述。
其他情况下可以用一般时态来描述。
当提到本文（此图、此表等）说明（表达）了什么的时候，要用一般现在时。
目录、标题中通常省略冠词，图中的横、纵坐标的名称前不加冠词。
避免使用极端修饰词（如最好、第一）和社论性语言（如令人惊异地、令人感兴趣地）。
句子的时态：引述文献结果时用过去时，讲述试验和试验结果时用过去时；讲述图表所示结果时用现在时。
1.Title●Title要围绕研究对象、研究方法和研究结果三个部分或至少两部分来设计。
Title中切记不能出现缩写词和具体结果。
●作者姓名，名在前，姓在后；在地址中，城市名和邮政编码之间不应该有“,”（逗号）。
2.Abstract●一段写完，200 words左右。
对于初学者，可以将Abstract限制在10句：第一句写科研背景和目的，第二句概括性地写本文做了些什么，接下来用3~4句话来写试验方法，再用3~4句话写试验结果，最后一句写总结或意义。
●按照行文顺序，依次介绍主要研究对象(subject)、实验设计(design)、实验步骤(procedures)以及最后结果(results)。
●写作要求：用含有关键词的短的简单句，以使Abstract清楚简洁；避免使用缩写词和晦涩难懂的词句；以过去时为主（问题的陈述和结论可用现在时）；强调研究的创新和重要方面。
写SCI论文的技巧
写SCI论文的技巧写SCI论文的技巧随着科学研究的发展，SCI（Science Citation Index，科学引文索引）论文已经成为科研工作者评价学术成果的重要指标之一。
SCI论文不仅可以提升个人学术声誉，还能增加科研项目的资金支持和科研合作的机会。
然而，写SCI论文是一项需要技巧的任务。
下面将介绍一些写SCI论文的技巧，帮助科研人员更好地撰写SCI论文。
一、选择合适的研究课题选择合适的研究课题是写SCI论文的第一步。
优秀的SCI论文应该具有创新性、有实际应用价值，并能够引起同行的关注。
为了选择合适的研究课题，可以参考已有的SCI论文，了解当前研究领域的前沿问题和研究热点，也可以与导师或同行讨论，获取他们的意见和建议。
此外，还可以关注学术会议、期刊和数据库的最新发布内容，了解行业动态。
二、深入了解文献在进行SCI论文写作之前，需对所需领域的相关文献进行全面、深入的调研。
文献调研可以帮助科研人员了解当前领域已有的研究成果和进展，找到自己的研究切入点，并避免重复性工作。
在文献调研时，注意阅读高质量、高影响力的期刊论文，以获取有深度、有广度的研究背景，并能够更好地理解研究问题的本质。
三、合理组织论文结构SCI论文的结构要合理、清晰。
常见的SCI论文结构包括：摘要、引言、方法、结果、讨论和结论等部分。
在摘要部分中，要突出研究的创新性、重要性；在引言部分中，要对前人研究进行回顾，并阐明自己的研究目的和意义；在方法部分中，要详细描述实验设计、数据采集和数据处理的方法；在结果和讨论部分中，要准确呈现实验结果，并结合文献进行分析和解读；在结论部分中，则要简明地总结研究的主要发现和意义。
合理组织论文结构可以帮助读者更好地理解研究内容。
四、逻辑严密、条理清晰的论述SCI论文的论述要逻辑严密、条理清晰。
写作时要注意用简洁、明了的语言表达研究问题和研究方法。
另外，要注意论述的连贯性，避免使用模棱两可的措词和不必要的修饰。
队列研究SCI论文报告规范与写作技巧精品
队列研究SCI论文报告规范与写作技巧常德市第一人民医院科教科周权1 2 3前言队列研究报告规范条目实例解读队列研究实例SCI论文写作技巧11.什么是报告规范？值得注意的是：报告规范是针对的研究论文报告内容的完好性，而不是研究质量本身的优劣。
医学研究报告规范是指用于指导研究者和出版者清楚、准确地报告和发表医学研究的设计、实施过程和所有结果的指南性文件。
2 1.什么是报告规范？常见研究设计形式及其报告规范研究设计形式报告规范系统评价和Meta分析报告规范PRISMA （P referred R eporting I tems for S ystematicreviews and M eta-A nalysis）随机对照试验CONSORT （Con solidated S tandard o f R eporting T rials）非随机对照研究TREND （T ransparent R eporting of E valuations withN onrandomized D esigns）观察性研究STROBE （St rengthening the R eporting of O bservationalstudies in epidemiology）诊断试验STARD （Sta tement for R eporting studies of D iagnosticaccuracy）32.为什么要制定报告规范？①研究者：报告规范的制定有利用研究者撰写出符合业内认可的学术论文。
②学术论文读者：报告规范地制定有利于读者全面地获得研究相关信息，从而准确的评价研究的质量，而决定是否能应用于临床实践。
③期刊编辑：报告规范地制定有利于期刊编辑客观的评价论文质量，提高期刊社的办刊水平。
④Meta分析制作者：报告规范地制定有利于meta分析制作者决定是否以及如何将其研究结果纳入系价评价中。
2.为什么要制定报告规范？⑤报告规范的制作者：制作论文的报告规范有利用提高个人或团队的学术影响力，发挥在某领域的学术引领作用。
SCI论文写作与投稿技巧
SCI论文写作与投稿技巧SCI（Science Citation Index）论文是指被SCI数据库收录的学术期刊上发表的论文。
SCI论文发表对于研究人员来说具有重要意义，因为它是衡量学者研究成果的重要指标之一，并且可以增加学者的学术影响力。
然而，SCI论文的撰写和投稿并不是一件容易的事情。
下面将介绍一些SCI论文写作和投稿的技巧。
1.选择合适的期刊：在撰写SCI论文之前，需要首先确定目标期刊。
选择一个与自己研究领域相关的期刊，同时考虑期刊的声誉和影响因子等因素。
可以通过查阅期刊的网站，了解期刊的投稿要求和审稿流程，帮助你决定是否选择该期刊。
2.精确明确的标题和摘要：文章的标题和摘要是读者判断文章内容是否符合其需求的重要依据。
标题应简明扼要地表达文章的研究主题，摘要应准确、全面地概括文章的研究目的、方法、结果和结论。
在写作摘要时，要尽量用简练的语言概括研究要点。
3.清晰逻辑的结构：SCI论文通常包括引言、方法、结果和讨论等部分。
在写作过程中，要确保每个部分的逻辑清晰，紧密衔接，使读者能够清楚地理解论文的内容。
同时，要注意遵循科学论文的写作规范，如清晰的段落结构、正确的语法和拼写等。
4.数据和实验的重要性：SCI论文是基于实验和数据分析的研究成果，因此，要充分展示实验设计、方法和数据处理过程等细节。
同时，要在结果部分中清晰地呈现数据、图表和图像等，以便读者能够直观地理解研究结果。
6.反复修订和润色：在完成SCI论文的草稿后，应该进行多次的修订和润色。
反复检查和修改论文，确保语言流畅、准确，逻辑清晰。
此外，要注意检查拼写错误、语法错误和标点符号等细节。
7.有耐心和恒心：投稿SCI论文是一个艰难而漫长的过程，需要有耐心和恒心。
在论文被接受之前，可能会经历多次修改和投稿的过程。
因此，要有充足的耐心和恒心，不断修订和改进论文，直到达到期刊的要求。
SCI论文写作指导ppt课件
如何撰写SCI论文
SCI简 介
如何 撰写
如何 投稿
示例 解析
常见
问题
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如何撰写SCI论文
• 首要条件：克服畏惧心理 • 几个必要条件
– 一定的英文基础—文从句顺 – 良好的逻辑基础—能否用中文写是关
键（但不能用中文写） – 严谨的研究工作—自圆其说 • 若干诀窍 – 多读是关键 – 八股文风 – 天下文章一大抄（但不能抄）
SCI与影响因子
• 影响因子（impact factor, IF）：一种期刊的影响 因子，指的是该刊前二年发表的文献在当前年 的平均被引用次数
• IF代表了该杂志发表的论文平均受关注的程度 • IF是评价论文好坏的指标之一
– 一般而言，权威杂志的评审较为严格，论文 评价水准较高
– 好的杂志也有差的论文；一般杂志也有经典 论文
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• 指出当前研究的不足并有目的地引导出研究重要性
– 在叙述前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，提出一种新 方法或新方向。 • 如：However, few studies have been done … • 如：Previous research has neglected/overestimated/underestimated… thus, these previous results are controversial. Uncertainties still exist……
– 如果自己的研究是全是新的，没有前人的工作可对比，你就 可以说We aim to test the feasibility of the……It is hoped that the question will be resolved with our proposed method.
sci论文怎么写
1.什么是SCI论文呀SCI、SSCI 简介目前，在国际科学界，如何正确评价基础科学研究成果已引起越来越广泛的关注。
SCI创刊于1961年。
经过40年的发展完善，已从开始时单一的印刷型发展成为功能强大的电子化、集成化、网络化的大型多学科、综合性检索系统。
SCI涵盖学科超过100个，主要涉及农业、生物及环境科学；工程技术及应用科学；医学与生命科学；物理及化学；行为科学。
二、SSCI简介 SSCI即社会科学引文索引（Social Sciences Citation Index），为SCI的姊妹篇，亦由美国科学信息研究所创建，是目前世界上可以用来对不同国家和地区的社会科学论文的数量进行统计分析的大型检索工具。
1999 年SSCI全文收录1809种世界最重要的社会科学期刊，内容覆盖包括人类学、法律、经济、历史、地理、心理学等55个领域。
收录文献类型包括：研究论文，书评，专题讨论，社论，人物自传，书信等。
选择收录（Selectively Covered）期刊为1300多种。
三、SCI、SSCI交叉关系SSCI对其收录期刊范围的说明中明确告知该数据库中有一部分内容与SCI重复，这是因为学科之间本身有交叉，是社会科学与自然科学相结合的跨学科的研究在文献中的自然反映。
另外，SSCI从3400余种自然科学期刊中，通过计算机检索文章主题和引文后，生成一个与社会科学有关的文献目录，此目录再经ISI编委会审核，选择与社会科学密切相关的文献加入SSCI。
因此SSCI也收录了相当数量的自然科学文献，二者的交叉关系更为密切。
2.SCI论文如何撰写SCI论文写作一般可分为标题、摘要、引言、材料与方法、结论、讨论、致谢、参考文献八部分。
标题：SCI论文写作的标题必须符合文章内容而简明、准确表达论文的性质和目的。
文题要相扣、标题通常由名词性短语构成，如果出现动词，多为分词或动名词形式。
具体按四要素来书写中、英文摘要：目的、方法、结果、结论。
SCI 论文写作及投稿指南
Most Common Errors
• The synergistic reactor contains a chamber in which the exhaust from the burning coal mixes with limestone, see Appendix A. • Revision: The synergistic reactor contains a chamber in which the exhaust from the burning coal mixes with limestone, as discussed in Appendix A. • Discussion: The original is a run-on. One solution (given here) is to make the reference to Appendix A a verb phrase. Another solution is to create a separate sentence. Still a third is to use parentheses to refer to Appendix A.
SCI收录论文的投稿及写作
SUN YUNMING
Most Common Errors
• Every year, an earthquake of magnitude between 8.0 and 8.9 on the Richter scale, will be experienced somewhere in the world [Haughton, 1989]. • Revision: Every year, an earthquake of magnitude between 8.0 and 8.9 on the Richter scale will be experienced somewhere in the world [Haughton, 1989]. • Discussion: undesired comma. Note that while the comma following "year" is optional, it is certainly not incorrect. Also note that the punctuation for the reference listing at the end of the sentence depends upon the format.
SCI科研论文写作中的文献引用常见格式与引用规则
SCI科研论文写作中的文献引用常见格式与引用规则在SCI（Science Citation Index）科研论文写作中，准确、规范的文献引用是不可或缺的重要步骤。
本文将介绍SCI科研论文中常见的文献引用格式和引用规则。
1. 引用格式SCI论文中常见的文献引用格式有两种：作者-年份制（Author-Year）和数字制（Numerical）。
下面以两种格式分别进行详细介绍。
1.1 作者-年份制（Author-Year）作者-年份制是SCI论文中广泛使用的一种文献引用格式。
其主要特点是在引用的地方直接标注作者和年份，并在文末的参考文献列表中按照作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。
引用方式示例：（1）直接引用：根据Smith (2010) 的研究表明……（2）间接引用：在研究中得出的结论与Jones等人（2012）的研究结果相一致。
参考文献列表格式示例：Smith, J. (2010). Title of Article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers.1.2 数字制（Numerical）数字制是另一种常见的文献引用格式，它以数字标记文献引用，并在文末的参考文献列表中按顺序排列。
每条文献引用前都有一个相应的数字标记。
引用方式示例：（1）直接引用：根据[1]的研究表明……（2）间接引用：在研究中得出的结论与[2]的研究结果相一致。
参考文献列表格式示例：[1] Author(s). (Year). Title of Article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers.2. 引用规则在SCI论文写作中，除了选择适合的引用格式外，还需要遵守一些引用规则，以确保引用的准确性和规范性。
以下是一些常见的引用规则：2.1 多作者引用规则当文献中存在多位作者时，可以根据作者人数的不同进行引用。
以下是不同人数作者的引用方式示例：（1）两位作者：Smith and Johnson (2015)研究表明……（2）三位以上作者：Smith等人（2015）研究表明……2.2 同一作者多篇文献引用规则如果需要引用同一作者的多篇文献，可以通过添加小写字母来区分。
sci期刊论文格式要求
sci期刊论文格式要求SCI是目前国际上最具权威性的、用于基础研究和应用基础研究成果的重要评价体系。
它的论文格式是怎么样的呢?下面是小编精心推荐的一些sci期刊论文格式要求，希望你能有所感触!sci期刊论文格式要求1、题目：应简洁、明确、有概括性，字数不宜超过20个字。
2、摘要：要有高度的概括力，语言精练、明确，中文摘要约100—200字;3、关键词：从论文标题或正文中挑选3～5个最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。
4、目录：写出目录，标明页码。
5、正文：论文正文字数一般应在3000字以上。
论文正文：包括前言、本论、结论三个部分。
前言(引言)是论文的开头部分，主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识，并提出论文的中心论点等。
前言要写得简明扼要，篇幅不要太长。
本论是论文的主体，包括研究内容与方法、实验材料、实验结果与分析(讨论)等。
在本部分要运用各方面的研究方法和实验结果，分析问题，论证观点，尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。
结论是论文的收尾部分，是围绕本论所作的结束语。
其基本的要点就是总结全文，加深题意。
6、谢辞：简述自己通过做论文的体会，并应对指导教师和协助完成论文的有关人员表示谢意。
7、参考文献：在论文末尾要列出在论文中参考过的专著、论文及其他资料，所列参考文献应按文中参考或引证的先后顺序排列。
8、注释：在论文写作过程中，有些问题需要在正文之外加以阐述和说明。
9、附录：对于一些不宜放在正文中，但有参考价值的内容，可编入附录中。
关于sci的论文范文美国《SCI》收录温州医学院论文分析【摘要】目的: 了解温州医学院(以下简称：温医)作者论文被SCI 收录情况。
方法：根据SCI-E数据库检索统计1998-2007年温医作者SCI产文情况。
结果：1998-2007年温医作者发表SCI论文总数为304篇，其中2005-2007年为247篇，占81.2%;论文类型：论著259篇，占85.2%;发表论文最多的学科是眼科，为32篇，占10.5%，其次生物化学为30篇，占9.8%;发表SCI论文最多的前3位作者为瞿佳、吕帆、李校;被引用的有143篇，被引率为47%，总被引用次数为732次，篇均被引频次为2.41次，单篇论文引用频率最高的为77次，其中引用10次以上的论文17篇，占总被引文章数的11.9%。
SCI论文撰写基本要求
SCI论文撰写基本要求SCI论文撰写有五个基本要求，即5C：正确(correctness)、清楚(clarity)、简洁(concision)、完整(completion)和一致性(consistency) 。
只有满足这5点，才算是一篇合格的SCI论文。
1. Introduction：Introduction是SCI论文最难写的部分之一(另外就是Discussion)。
中文文章的缺陷就在于Introduction没有内涵，过于简单，没有真正体现论文的研究起初和创新要素。
SCI论文对于Introduction的要求是非常高的，一个好的Introduction 相当于文章成功了一半。
所以大家应该在Introduction的撰写上下功夫。
要写好Introduction，最重要的是要保持鲜明的层次感和极强的逻辑性，这两点是紧密结的，即在符合逻辑性的基础上建立层层递进的关系。
A. 阐述自己研究领域的基本内容。
要尽量简洁明了，不罗嗦；须知看文章者都是该领域的专家，所以一些显而易见的知识要用概括性的而不是叙述性的语言来描述。
B. 文献总结回顾。
是Introduction的重头戏之一，要特别着重笔墨来描写。
一方面要把该领域内过去和现在的状况全面概括总结出来，不能有丝毫的遗漏，特别是最新的进展和过去经典文献的引用(这是两个最容易出问题的地方，要极力避免；一旦审稿人指出这两个毛病，很可能意味着表明你做的不够深入或全面，负面作用非常明显)。
另一方面，文献引用和数据提供一定要准确，切记避免片面摘录部分结果而不反映文献的总体结果；引用的数据也要正确，特别是间接引用的数据(即不是从原文献中查到，而是从别人文献中发现的另一篇文献的数据)；数据出错会导致文章的印象特差！此外，引用文献时注意防止造成抄袭的印象，即不要原文抄录，要用自己的话进行总结描述。
如果审稿人正好是文献的引用者的话，原文照抄的结果一定会很糟糕。
C. 分析过去研究的局限性并阐明自己研究的创新点。
写作SCI论文格式规范
写作SCI论文格式规范科研是一个漫长过程的玩意，一篇论文从有idea，到获得经费支持，做实验，再到写论文发表往往花费好几年的时间。
中间的起起伏伏和那种煎熬的滋味恐怕只有真正从事科研的人才能体会。
就是论文写好了，从投稿到接收也常常不是件一帆风水的事情。
由于竞争越来越激烈，拒稿的概率也越来越大。
有些时候甚至连editor office都没有出，就给拒回来了。
拿到拒信沮丧不用说，接下来改投其他杂志，又是很大的工作量，改SCI论文格式和写作风格什么的。
光耗费时间不说，有些时间还很为难。
比如前后两个杂志对SCI论文格式的长度要求不一，如果是要缩短，往往让人很难下手，哪里也不愿意删除，那可是自己一个一个实验做出来的，论文是一字一句写出来，删了哪里都像割了自己的心头肉那样不舍。
每次遇到这样的情况，都感慨如果所有的杂志能够统一SCI论文格式该有多好啊。
这也许不太现实，因为每个杂志都有自己的风格和特色。
但是在保持特色的情况下，能够统一一些无关紧要的东西，比如参考文献的编排格式（虽然有文献管理软件，比如reference manger, endnote等，但是经常不会那么match，每篇文献都去check也十分耗精力）和缩写等等，也能够节省很多时间。
SCI论文格式，主要分成3个主要部分，即前置部分、主题部分和附录部分。
SCI论文格式前置部分包括①题目（title）；②作者（单位及/或个人姓名）；③内容摘要（Summary）、④关键词（key words）。
SCI论文格式主题部分包括⑤前言（introduction）；⑥材料与方法（materi-als and methods）；⑦结果（results）；⑧讨论（disscussion）；⑨结论（conclusion）；⑩致谢（thanks）、参考文献（references）、完成论文或投稿日期、外文摘要。
附录部分包括图（chart）、表（table）、照片（photoshop）等。
SCI论文写作全攻略
获得idea的两种途径
●传统途径就是先阅读大量科研论
文，弄清目前的研究现状和要解决 的问题等； ●非传统的途径是自己先冥思苦想 一段时间，有了自己的idea后再去 查文献。
获得良好idea的基础前提
在科研前必须弥补基础知识，这是看 懂文献的基础： B. 广泛阅读文献是支撑。硕士至少查阅 600篇，粗看300篇，细看100篇，研读 50篇。博士至少再多一倍，并始终关 注国际动态。《nature》《science》 《cell》《PNAS》《JBC》《MBC》 《Genes & Development》不放过， SCI-3分以上期刊应该耳熟能详！ C. 学会阅读文献，读懂文章。建议先 review再article，先中后英；
A. Results的要求是翔实准确。准确是结 果 必须是真实的，不能伪造和篡改。 B. 结果提供一般是表和图。不同杂志对 图 表要求不完全一致，应根据杂志要求分别 对待。建议大家在提供图时，尽量用最少 的图提供最多的信息，最多不超过8个。 C. Results和Discussion分开写时， Results部分尽 量不要涉及对结果的评论。
说明本研究的目的 说明要研究问题的具体范
2. 材料与方法 Materials and Methods
研究设计 （study design）→ 研究对象性质 （identity）→ 处理 / 干预方法 （intervention）→ 测定 / 观察手段 （measurement） → 统计分析（statistics）
二、英文写作的语言技巧
1. Introduction：
A. 如何指出当前研究的不足并有目的地 引导出自己研究的重要性？ B. 提出自己的观点： C. 圈定自己的研究范围： D. 最后的原场：
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Fangjie Zhao
Agriculture & Environment Division Rothamsted Research
Why publish in international journals
well known, or not exciting? • Lack of discussion, “So what?” • Poor use of references • Language
Title
• Fewest possible words that accurately describe the main content of the paper
published • Quality too variable • Little or no international impact
▪ Impact factor: Nature=32.2; Science=31.9, Chinese Sci. Bull. =0.68; Sci. China C=0.48
Journal
Impact factor
Soil Biol. Biochem.
2.23
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
1.50
Plant & Soil
1.54
Biol. Fert. Soils
1.28
Nutr Cycl Agroecosys
0.82
Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
• Omit obscure abbreviations and acronyms
Introduction
• The key aim is to justify your work: why was there a need to conduct the study?
• Explain the background of the issues dealt with in your paper
• Materials & Methods
– N, P, K and S in soils were determined by the routine methods (Page, 1982). Tea samples were digested with H2SO4-H2O2, and S determined by the method of Lee (1981).
Number of SCI papers
Number of papers
10000
China India Japan UK
20000
0 1980
1985
1990 1995
Year
2000
2005
Which journal?
• Topic of your research vs journal scope and its readership
▪ Effect of citrate on Cd solubility: M vs mM
Tea-grown soils and tea quality in Sichuan and Chongqing, China
Pedosphere 2000, 10: 45-52
• Average total S in soil 2.04%, much higher than soil OM, revealing that S in the soils exists mainly in inorganic forms, little as organic S
subject area
Subject category
Soil Science Agronomy Environmental Science Plant Science Biochem & Molecular biology
Aggregate impact factor 0.96 1.09 1.58 2.10 4.40
• International impact: so that the peers in your field internationally can learn from your research.
• Your research is judged with international standards. • Build up your international reputation; Help you to
justified by the data and consistent with the objectives?
Common problems in scientific writing
• Don’t know why you did the work • Materials and methods are often
Materials & Methods
• Provide enough detail for a competent worker to repeat your study and reproduce the results.
• Use sub-headings
• Describe the study area (field exps) or materials
• Strong and specific
• Avoid: “A study of…”, “Investigation of…”
• A short sentence as a title: e.g. “Salinity increases cadmium uptake by wheat”
• Pose a question: e.g. “Toxic metal accumulation from agricultural use of sludge: are USEPA regulations protective?”
Soil Biology & Biochemistry: Reasons for rejection
• Does the subject fall within the scope of the journal?
• Is this a new and original contribution? • Are interpretations and conclusion sound,
Abstract
• Extremely important • ~5% of the full paper: 150-250 words. • Include:
– Background (one sentence, optional) – Main objective (one sentence) – Experimental approaches (1-2 sentences) – Most important results (4-6 sentences) – Conclusions (1-2 sentences)
Experimental design
• Does the design address the objectives of the study?
• Are the treatments realistic? Two examples:
▪ Effects of glyphosate on Cu sorptiondesorption behaviour: 2500 mg/L GPS = several thousand kg of GPS/ha
Citation of individual papers is a better guide Citation analysis: Plant and Soil, 1995
Number of citation
140 120 100
80 60 40 20 0
0
8
100
200
300
400
500
Ranking
Abstract
• Use the fewest words that can express the same meaning.
• Avoid: unspecific/non-committal sentences, e.g. “the significance of the results is discussed”
Problems and challenge for Chinese scientific journals
• Too many: 4294 journals • Too small: many have 4-6 issues per year • Too slow: >2 years before your paper is
establish international collaborations. • Potential impact on IP. • Often used as an important indicator for evaluation of
research projects: affects your future funding. • You may not get your degree if you don’t publish.
• Describe experimental designs
• Give references to methods used. Describe any modifications
• Describe statistical methods (think about stats before you do your experiments)