2021版高考英语外研版(全国)一轮复习真题精练：话题阅读与话题写作 话题一(1)科普热点

第一节真题精练5年真题拓展训练(1)真题深度阅读训练Step One真题体验(2021·全国Ⅱ·阅读理解B)Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint，go blue.Don’t forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you’re at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass. 5．The text is especially helpful for those who care about .A．their home comfortsB．their body shapeC．house buyingD．healthy diets答案 B 解析细节理解题。

依据文章首句“Your house may have an effect on your figure.”以及下面几个段落中提到的建议可知，本文是关于如何不变胖的，所以那些“关怀自己体形的人”会觉得本文特殊有挂念，故选B项。

6．A home environment in blue can help people .A．digest food betterB．reduce food intakeC．burn more caloriesD．regain their appetites答案 B解析细节理解题。

依据第三段中的“...people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.”可知，人们在蓝色的房间里吃饭，要比在黄色或者红色的房间里少吃33%的食物，故B 项“削减食物摄入量”正确。

7．What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A．Eat quickly. B．Play fast music.C．Use smaller spoons. D．Turn down the lights.答案 C解析细节理解题。

依据最终一段中的“When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.”可知，应使用较小的汤匙，故C项正确。

8．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Is Your House Making You Fat?B．Ways of Serving DinnerC．Effects of Self-ConsciousnessD．Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?答案 A解析标题归纳题。

短文首句即为主题句：房子可能影响住户的身材。

接下来介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮度、吃饭的速度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。

因此A项“你的房子正让你发胖吗”最适合做文章的标题。

Step Two信息句与长难句分析1．Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. 分析：you design your home是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the way，省略了关系词that/in which；whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off为介词in的宾语从句，当从句有or时，宾语从句仅用whether连接，不用if。

翻译：专家说，你设计你家的方式在对你变得肥胖或减肥方面能够发挥作用。

2．Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.分析：for为并列连词，连接缘由状语从句；从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句；and连接并列谓语。

翻译：黑暗的环境更简洁鼓舞暴饮暴食，由于当人们处在光线昏暗的地方，他们往往不感到难为情，所以更可能吃很多的食物。

3．(6题信息句)In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.分析：定语从句who ate meals in a blue room修饰先行词people；those后面省略了who ate meals。

翻译：在一项争辩中，人们在蓝色的房间里吃饭要比在黄色或红色的房间里少吃33%的食物。

Step Three深度阅读与拓展训练任务型阅读——篇章结构Step Four学问积累1．have an effect on对……有影响，对……起作用/产生效果2．play a role in在……起作用3．keep off不接近；让开；防止；拦住4．turn up打开；翻起；消灭；(尤指失去后偶然)被发觉5．be likely to倾向于；可能要6．keep track of记录；与……保持联系7．slow down(使)慢下来；(使)生产缓慢；(使)变得迟钝8．turn on打开(水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)；(使)感爱好；(使)兴奋真题精选对应训练(2021·四川·阅读理解D)Their cheery song brightens many a winter’s day.But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.Robins are singing all night—as well as during the day，British-based researchers say.David Dominoni，of Glasgow University，said that light from street lamps，takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds’ biological clock，leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.Dr Dominoni，who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns，said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk.His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab，it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.And the more birds are exposed to light，the more active they are at night.He told people at a conference，“There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing.Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy.So by increasing their song output，there might be some costs of energy.”And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal.Dr Dominoni said，“In Glasgow where I live，gulls are a serious problem.I have people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert.Can you help us kill these gulls？’．During the breeding(繁殖) season，between April and June，they are very active at night and very noisy and people can’t sleep.”Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution，other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.However，some birds thrive(兴盛) in noisy environments.A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery.It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌) fleeing to quieter areas.42．According to Dr Dominoni’s study，what caused robins to sing so much?A．The breeding season.B．The light in modern life.C．The dangerous environment.D．The noise from heavy machinery.答案 B解析细节理解题。