定语从句语法讲解教学内容
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Unit 9语法导学案:定语从句专题讲解
基本概念: 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is th^ouse where h e lived ten years ago.
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who (宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系畐寸词包括where, when,why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语
从句的重要成分。定语从句的谓语动词由先行词来决定。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性
定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that 作主语)The coat (that)I put on the desk is blue我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)
2. which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The buildi ng which sta nds n ear the train stati on is a supermarkets 于火车站附近的那
座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last ni ght was won derful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3. who, whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
The girl who ofte n helps me with my En glish is from En gla nd.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Mi ng is talki ng to ?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the En glish no vel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the pers on whom you are look ing for.这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far awa y她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first pers on that passed the exam他是第一个通过考试的人。
b. 被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none, the one 等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room我能清
楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:
a. 先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that例如:
What ‘ s that which is under the desk在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b. 关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that例如:
This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。
c. 引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:
Tom came back which made us happy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常有:
等
例如:This is place where he works这是他工作的地点。
注意:先行词表示地点,不一定都用Where引导定语从句
一般来说,英语学习者的脑海中会形成这样一个概念:在定语从句中,如果先行词是表示地点的名词(如place等),就用关系副词where引导定语从句。这种想法是错误的。如果定语从句不缺少主语或宾语,而是缺少地点状语,便用where来
引导;如果定语从句不缺少状语,而是缺少主语或宾语,则要用关系代词(which或that)来引导,以补足定语从句中所缺失的主语或宾语如1.ln an hour, we can travel to places would have take n our an cestors days to re
ach.
A. where
B. whe n
C. which
D. what
2. This is the town __ I wan ted to visit most.
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. what
3. This is the tow n __ I was born.
A. where
B. whe n
C. which
D. what
4.I ' ve neveeen to Beijing, but its the place ____
A. where I ' like to visit
B. in which I ' Hke to visit
C. I most want to visit