专业英语复习题库.doc

个人根据机器翻译，仅供参考专业应试题库一，专业词汇翻译A spherical system of coordinates 球面坐标系统Absolute scale 绝对温标Absolute temperature 绝对温度Absolute zero绝对零度Acute angle 锐角Adiabatic process 绝热过程Adjacent临近的Amount of heat 热量Amplitude 振幅Analytical expression 解析式Angular momentum 角动量Angular velocity 角速度Annihilate 消灭Appreciable可感知的Approximate solution 近似解Arbitrarily任意的变换莫测的Assume that 假设At constant pressure 定压比热At rest静止的，Axial symmetry 轴对称Axis of rotation 旋转轴Be independent of 独立的，Be proportional to 与.... 成比例Bend使弯曲的Capacitor电容器Center of mass 质心Centripetal force 向心力Cgs 匝米-克-秒(Centimeter-Gram-Second)Change in jumps跳跃的变化Chaotic无序的Charge by conduct负责的行为Charge by induction 感应电荷Circulation motion 圆周运动Classical mechanics 经典力学Coefficient 系数Coherent连贯的Combustion engine 内燃机Comparison 参照物Compensate补偿，抵消Conductor 导体Consecutive 连贯的Consequently 结果，因此Conservation保存保护Considerable相当大的Constant 常量Constructive interference 干涉Coordinate system 坐标系Coulomb's law库伦定律Counter-phase 相位差Cross-sectional 分类排列Curl卷曲，Curvilinear motion 曲线运动Cyclic process 循环过程Decrement衰减率Denominator 分母Density 密度Derivative 倒数Destructive interference 破坏性干扰Developing 发展中Deviation from 脱离逸出Diatomic双原子的Difference 差异Diffraction 衍射Dimension 维Discrete value 离散值Displacement 位移Distance距离疏远Distribution function 分布函数Divergence 分歧Dynamics动力学Elastic collision 弹性碰撞Electric dipole弹性偶极子Electric field 弹性场Electric potential 弹性势Electric potential energy 弹性势能Electrically polarized 电极化的Electrodynamics 电动力学Electromagnetic 电磁的Electron 电子Electrostatic 静电的Elementary mass聚集起来的元素Embodiment体现具体化Emulsion感光乳剂Energy能量精力Energy level 能级Entropy 炳Equilibrium 均衡Equipartition principle 均分原理Ether乙醍Exposure 暴露External force 外力Factor因素First law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律Focal plane 焦平面Fraunhofer diffraction 夫琅和费衍射Free fall自由落体Friction摩擦力Gamma photon伽马射线General theory relativity 广义相对论Geometrical 几何的Gradient 梯度Gravity重力，地心引力Grow proportionally to 正比土曾长Harmonic function 调和函数Harmonic oscillator 谐波发射器Heat局温热度Heat capacity 热熔Heat engine 热机Heat transfer 热传递Hence因此Histogram直方图Hologram全息图Holography全系摄影Homogeneous （反应堆）燃烧和减速剂均匀调和的Huygens1 Principle 惠更斯原理Hypothetical medium 假设介质Ideal gass理想气体Identical同一的，完全相同的Illuminate 说明Impart给予Impulse 脉冲Inalienable不可分割的Incident light 入射光Inclination倾向爱好Incoherent语无伦次的Increase 增加Increment 增量Inertia 惯性Inertial reference frame 惯性参考系Infrared radiation 红外线照射Initial moment 初力矩Instantaneous 瞬间的Insulator绝缘体Integral完整的Interference 干涉Internal energy 内能Internal force 内力Intra-molecular energy 分子内能Isotropic单折射性Kinematics 运动学Law of cosine law 余弦定理Leng由contraction长度收缩Macroscopic 宏观的Mass块儿Mass-energy conversion 质能转换定理Mean distance平均距离Mechanical equivalent of heat 热功当量Mechanics 力学Molar heat gas capacity 摩尔热能Molecular physics 分子物理学Momentum 势能Monatomic单原子的Monochromatic light 单色光Motion动作Multiply多样的Neutron 中子Newton's first law 牛顿第一定律Non-equilibrium state 非平衡态Normal acceleration 法向加速度Normal to垂直于Nuclei原子核Nucleon 核子Numerator 分子Object beam物体光束Obtuse angle 钝角Operator话务员Overlap 重叠Polarization 两极化Parallel axis theorem 平行轴的定理Parallel beams 平行光束Parallel rays 平行光Parallelogram method平行四边形法则Parameter of state 态变数Perfectly rigid body 完全刚体Perpendicular 垂直的Phase difference 相位差Phenomena 现象Piston活塞Point charge 点电荷Point particle 质点Power功率Preference 优先权Principle of relativity 相对论Probability 可能性Probability distribution function 概率分布函数Projection 投射Propagate传播繁殖Proton质子Pseudoscopic 幻视镜Quantitative conclusion 定量白勺结论Quasi-static准静态的Radian弧度Radius半径Rarefaction 稀薄的Real image 实像Rectilinear motion 直线运动Redistribution 重新分配Reference frame 参考系Reference wave 参考波Relative atomic mass of an element ―个元素的相对原子质量Relative molecular mass of substance 相对分子质量的物质Relaxation process 弛豫过程Relaxation time 弛豫时间Reversible (process)可逆过程Rotational inertia 转动惯量Scalar标量Scalar field 标量场Semiconductor 半导体Semitransparent 半透明的Solid angle 立体角Spatial coherence 空间相干性Special theory of relativity 狭义相对论Specific heat capacity 比热容Speed速度速聿Stationary 固定的Subscript 下标Superpose重叠的Superposition 叠力口Symmetry对称的Temperature 温度Temporal coherence 时间相干性Terminal velocity 末速度Test charge监测电荷The difference on optical path 光路的区别The equation of state of an ideal gass 理想盖斯方程The magnitude of a vector 向量的大小The number of degree of freedom 自由度数量The reciprocal of 倒数The refractive index 折射率The right-hand screw rule 右手螺旋定则The second derivative of 二阶导数The square of distance 距离的平方The tangential acceleration 切向加速度Thermodynamic temperature scale 热力学温标Three dimensional 三维的Time averaged value时间平均价值Time dilation时间扩张Timepiece 计时器Torque力矩Torsion balance 扭秤Translation motion 平移运动Triatomic三原子的Tuning fork 音叉Twin paradox享生子谬论Ultraviolet light 紫外线Undeformable bodyUniform circular motion 匀速圆周运动Unit time单位时间Vector field 矢量场Vectors 矢量Velocity 速率Virtual image 虚像Wave length 波长Wave number 波数Weight重量二、段落翻译翻译(5 x4)1、For a stationary field, the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend on the initial and final position of the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved. Forces having such a property are called conservative.2、A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to whichmotion is being considered an a timepiece indicating the time forms a reference frame.3、The concepts of an equilibrium, state and a reversible process play a great part inthermodynamics. All the quantitative conclusions of thennodynamics are strictly applicable(适用)only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.4、If a gas is in equilibrium, its molecules move absolutely without order, chaotically. All thedirections of motion are equally probable, and none of them can be given preference over others.5> Huygens' principle: The theory by which light waves spreading out from a point source can beregarded as the superposition of tiny secondary wavelets.6> If we imagine a separate isolated body in a space where no other bodies are present, then wecan not speak of the motion of the body because there is nothing with respect to which the body could change its position.7、A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to whichmotion is being considered and a timepiece indicate the time forms a reference fram.8、Translational motion is defined as motion in which any straight line associated with themoving body remains parallel to itself.9N Dynamics studies the motion of bodies with a view to what causes this motion to have the nature it does, i.e. with a view to the interactions between bodies.10,Vectors are defined as quantities characterized by a numerical value and a direction and, also, as ones that are added according to the triangle or parallelogram method.11,We shall define internal forces as the forces with which given body is acted upon by the other bodies of the system and external forces as those produced by the action of bodies not belong to the system.12,For a conservative force, the work done on a particle by the force may depend only on the initial and final positions of the particle and not on the path along which the particle moved,. 13,Conservative forces can be defined in two ways:(l)as forces whose work does not depend on the path along which a particle passes from one point to the another, and(2) as forces whose work along any closed path equals zero.14,We can thus use the function E/f to determine the work done on a particle by conservative forces along any path beginning at arbitrary point 1 and terminating at arbitrary point 2 .15,Assuming that the reference frame relative to which we are considering the complex motion of a rigid body is stationary, the motion of the body can be represented as rotation with the angular velocity coin a reference frame moving translationally with the velocity v0 relative to the stationary frame.16,All the quantitative conclusions of the thermodynamics are strictly applicable only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.17,The absolute temperature is proportional to the mean kinetic energy of translational motion of the molecules of a substance.18,The heat capacity of a body is defined as the quantity equal to the amount of heat that must be imparted to the body to raise its temperature by one Kelvin.19,Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measure in desrees Celsius or Fahrenheit or in Kelvin..20,Absolute zero: the lowest possible temperature that a substance may have- the temperature at which molecules of a substance have their minimum kinetic energy.21,Multiplication theorem of probabilities: the probability of the simultaneous occurrence of statistically independent events equals the product of the probabilities of each of themoccurring separately.22,Entropy: a measure of the disorder of a system. Whenever energy freely transforms from one form to the another, the direction of transformation is toward a state of greater disorder and therefore toward one of greater entropy.23,By coherence is meant the coordinated proceeding of several oscillatory or wave processes. 24,The superposition of waves producing regions of reinforcement and regions of cancellation.Constructive interference refers to regions of reinforcement; destructive interference refers to regions of cancellation.25,There is no appreciable physical difference between interference and diffraction. Both phenomena consist in the redistribution of the light flux as a result of superposition of the waves.干涉和衍射没有明显的区别26,Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract each other.同种电荷相互排斥，异种电荷相互吸引27,The arrangement of the charges setting up the field being studied may change under the action of the test charse.。