托福口语情景对话之谈论股市

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托福口语情景对话之谈论股市 There are gains and losses in the stock market.
股市有赢有输。

Investing in stocks is risky.
投资股票有风险。

risky a. 有风险的，冒险的
In general, investments in the stock market produce good returns.
总体来说，股票投资的回报率很高。

investment n. 投资，投入（其动词形式为invest）
produce v. 产出，生产
return n. 回报，利润
in general“总体来讲，总体上说”
The price of stocks is skyrocketing.
股票价格正在狂涨。

This stock is going up/down.
这支股票在涨／跌。

The stock market is crazy now.
现在的股市都疯了。

skyrocket v. 猛涨，突然高升
The share price keeps going down.
股票价格持续走跌。

Many private investors are dumping their shares.
评多小股民都在抛售股票。

share n. 股票
private a. 个人的，私人的，民间的
investor n. 投资者
dump v. 抛售，倾倒
I don't know if it's appropriate to enter the stock market right now.
我不知道现在进入股市合不合适。

appropriate a. 合适的，适当的
I decide on which share you should buy is quite hard sometimes.
要决定买哪一支股票有时相当困难。

You'd have to consider market tendencies. the company's growth potential, and you'd better know something about technical analysis.
你要考虑市场走势、公司的发展潜力，而且最好还要懂点儿技术分析。

consider v. 考虑
tendency n. 趋势，倾向，潮流
potential n. 潜能，潜力
analysis n. 分析，解析
Diversification is very important in today's market. In general, invest some of your money in bonds or funds, and about one-third in stocks.
在如今的市场中分散投资很重要。

一般来说，将一部分钱投资到债券和基金，大约三分之一的钱投资股票。

diversification n. 多样化，多元化，变化
bond n. 债券
fund n. 基金（常用复数），资金
one-third表示“三分之一”，前半部分用基数词，后丰部分用序数词。

A bull is a stock market in which the price of shares is going up and people are buying them.
牛市就是股价上涨、人们买进的股市。

A bear market is a situation in which the value of stocks is decreasing and people are selling them.熊市就是股价下跌、人们卖出的股市。

decrease v. 下降，减少（其反义词为increase）
bull和bear在这里都是股票术语：bull指“牛市”，相当于“bull market”；bear指“熊市”，相当于“bear market”。

shares指“股票”，相当于stocks。

Which stock do you plan to buy?
你打算买哪支股票？
The stock market is surely a good place to put your spare cash, but it's risky. Be sure that you won't overextend yourself.
股票市场确实是安置闲散资金的好地方，但是有风险，注意要量力而行。

overextend v. 使承受过多，过分扩展
2.实用对话
Talking about Stocks谈论股票
Daniel: What's a "bull market" and a "bear market"?
丹尼尔：什么是“牛市”和“熊市”？
Nicole: A bull market is a stock market in which the price of shares is going up and people are buying them. A bear market is a situation in which the value of stocks is decreasing and people are selling them.
尼科尔：牛市就是股价上涨、人们买进的股市。

熊市就是股价下跌、人们卖出的股市。

Daniel: Why are there ups and downs in the stock market?
丹尼尔：股票市场为什么会有涨有跌呢？
Nicole: Generally, if there are quite a lot of buyers, the share prices will rise. Otherwise, they will fall.
尼科尔：一般来说，买的人多了，股价就上涨。

否则，股价就会跌。

Daniel: How can we make money off the stock market?
丹尼尔：我们怎样才能从股市中赚钱呢？
Nicole: If you believe a stock price of a company will rise, you can either buy or hold it. If it does rise, you can sell your shares for a profit.
尼科尔：如果你相信一个公司的股价会上涨，你可以买进或持股不动。

如果真的上涨了，你可以卖掉股票获利。

Daniel: It sounds easy to make money from stocks.
丹尼尔：听起来炒股赚钱好像很容易。

Nicole: Not at all. It's quite difficult at times to decide on which stock you should invest in. You'd have to consider market tendencies, the company's growth potential, and you'd better know something about technical analysis.
尼科尔：根本不是这么回事。

要决定买哪一支股票有时相当困难。

你要考虑市场走势、公司的发展潜力，而且最好还要懂点儿技术分析。

Daniel: That sounds a bit of risky. I might want to think twice before investing.
丹尼尔：听起来有点儿冒险。

我投资股票之前还是应该好好考虑一下。

3.详细解说
1.“本段中的两处“in which”均可换为“where”，引导定语从句。

2.“ups and downs”意为“盛衰，沉浮，升降”。

3.“off the stock market”在本对话中等同于“from the stock market”，“off”意为“从”，属于非正式用法，例如：What do you want off me?（你想从我这儿得到些什么？）
3.“either.or.”意为“…或者…”，例如：I want to visit either Paris or London.（我想去巴黎或者伦敦游览一下。

）Either you or I am wrong.（或者是你错了，或者是我错了。

）
4.“think twice(before doing sth.)”表示“（在做某事之前）三思，认真考虑”。

4.文化洗礼
股票领域常用英文表达
我们在电视、报纸上经常会看到关于股市的信息、图表等，你知道那些常用的术语用英语怎么表达吗？
1、上市公司报价资料常用语：
收盘价last sale
盘后交易after-hours
盘前交易pre-market
股价变化change
前一天的收盘价previous close
盘中最高价high
盘中最低价low
成交量volume（缩写为Vol）
市值market cap（缩写为MKT Cap）
平均成交量average volume（缩写为Avg Vol）
每股盈利earnings per share（缩写为EPS） 2.股市攀升的说法：
上涨: gain/rise/climb/increase/up
狂涨：soar/surge/jump
3.股市下跌的说法：
下跌: slip/fall/decline/drop/dip/down
狂跌: sink/plunge/plummet/slump
4.涨（跌）停板的说法：
涨停板limit up
跌停板limit down
5.牛市和熊市：
牛市bull market 熊市bear market。