八年级英语寒假复习(一)：构词法北京实验版知识精讲

初二英语寒假复习（一）：构词法北京实验版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：寒假复习（一）：构词法二. 重点、难点构词法（派生词）三. 教学目标：通过本讲的学习，使学生能够掌握一定的构词能力，以扩大学生们的词汇量。

四. 重点知识讲解：（一）词的派生1. 派生词多数是由词根加后缀构成的。

1）+后缀→名词a. –er: worker cleaner maker teacherb. –or: visitor sailor inventor actorc. –ist: scientist artist pianistd. –ess: actress waitresse. –ee: employee trainee referee trusteef. –ian: musician Canadian Australiang. –ness: illness happiness greatness coldnessh. –(a)tion: dictation reparation exception invitationi. –ment: movement development arguementj. –ion: discussion revision decisionk. –ing: building feeling painting weddingl. –ship: friendship relationship scholarshipm. –ence: difference dependence confidence referencen. –ance: allowance acceptance assistanceo. –th: truth warmth health lengthp. –y: modesty difficulty safetyq. –ure: failure pleasure pressure2）+后缀→形容词：a. –ful: cheerful useful grateful faithfulb. –less: careless homeless fearless hopelessc. –ish: Swedish selfishd. –ive: active collective decisive destructivee. –ous: dangerous famous continuous courageous variousf. –able: acceptable agreeable forgettable applicable comfortableg. –ible: sensible responsible permissible possibleh. –y: rainy snowy foggy dirtyi. –some: troublesome burdensome lonesome handsomej. –al: critical physical chemical medical classicalk. –en: golden wooden woolenl. –ed: landed excited interested surprisedm. –ly: friendly lively daily3）+后缀→动词：–ize: recognize apologize realize normalize–en: widen basten frighten–fy: simplify beautify satisfy4）+后缀→副词–ly: really happily simply difficultly completely5）+后缀→数词–teen: fourteen fifteen eighteen–ty: forty thirty fifty ninety–th: fourth ninth twelfth2. +前缀一般不造成词类的转变，只是引起意思上的变化，前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。

1）un–: unhappy untrue uncomfortable unforgettable2）dis–: dislike disagree discover discourage3）im–: impolite impossible4）ir–: irregular irresponsible5）re–: retell renew rewrite return repeat6）mis–: misspell misunderstand7）super–: superman supermarket superstar8）micro–: microfilm microbiology microcomputer microsoft3. 合成词：合成形容词：good–tempered peace–loving everydaygood–looking widespread face–to–facefine–sounding well –known ready–madehard–working duty–free high –class airsick合成名词：bloodtest handwriting classroom classmatewaiting –room get–together bedroom handcuffssleeping–pills sun–bathing headteacher handbagpickpocket waterfall watermelon waterway【典型例题】一、按例词要求写出下列单词：1）drive——driver: play ——_________ teach——_________kill ——_________ light ——_________ build ——_________clean——_________ farm——_________2）danger——dangerous: vary——_________ fame——_________nerve——_________3）cloud——cloudy: mist ——_________ sun——_________thirst——_________ sleep——_________ dirt——_________fun——_________ luck——_________4）class——classical: magic——_________ politic ——_________logic——_________5）magic——magician: music——_________ Italy ——_________India——_________6）diligence ——diligent: difference ——_________ confidence——_________independence——_________ importance——_________II. 将下列词合成合成词并写出中文意思class water snow mate traffic search ball light washing tea world spoon machine wide cross pass dream walk word land melon head master（1）__________ ___________ （2）__________ ___________（3）__________ ___________ （4）__________ ___________（5）__________ ___________ （6）__________ ___________（7）__________ ___________ （8）__________ ___________（9）__________ ___________ （10）__________ ___________（11）__________ ___________ （12）__________ ___________【模拟试题】（答题时间：60 分钟）一. 用所给词的适当形式填空：1. This girl is very hardworking, so she is _________ (hope) to entre the college in the future.2. Ketty is so excited that she can ’t wait to _________ (wrap) the package.3. It is very _________ (danger) for children to play with fire.4. Bill Gates is never afraid of _________ (difficult).5. What about this sweater, it ’s _________ (wool).6. Tom is a _________ (care) boy. He often makes mistakes in his homework.7. Thomas Edison is a great _________ (invent). He invented many things which we are usingat present.8. Because of his _________ (ill), he didn ’t come to school yesterday.9. The foreigners are surprised at the _________ (develop) of our country.10. This wonderful trip is _________ (forgettable) for me.二. 单项选择：1. Taking buses in Beijing is much _________ than before.A. cheapB. cheaperC. cheapestD. the cheapest2. ——Is this your dictionary, Jack?——Yes, it’s _________. Thank you for helping me find it.A. mineB. hersC. hisD. yours3. I’m sorry to keep you _________ so long. I won ’t be late next time.A. waitB. waitedC. to waitD. waiting4. ——You look so _________, don ’t you?——Yes, I’ve got a birthday present.A. happyB. sadC. tiredD. worried5. Mike is only 15 years old. He is not _________ to get a driver license.A. young enoughB. enough oldC. old enoughD. enough young6. ——Do you know who invented the telephone?——Sorry, I don’t know, but I know it _________ in 1876.A. inventedB. was inventedC. inventsD. inventing7. When he _________ home, he saw his mother cleaning the room.A. got upB. got backC. got onD. got in8. ——I have a cold.——Maybe you should see a _________.A. doctorB. driverC. teacherD. reporter9. Don ’t _________ the radio. The baby is sleeping.A. turn offB. turn onC. turn overD. turn down10. Mum, I ’m thirsty. Will you please give me some _________?A. pencilsB. waterC. cakeD. books.III. 完形填空：Keeping love is to give love wingsThere was once a lonely girl who wanted love very much. One day ___1___ she was walking in the forests, she found two dying birds. She took them home and put them in a small___2___. She was happy to have two “friends ”. She ___3___ t h e m l o v w e i t h a n d the birds grew strong. One day the girl happened to ___4___ the door of the cage open. The larger and the stronger of the two flew out of the cage. The girl was ___5___ that it would fly away. She caughtit quickly. She felt glad that she caught the bird before it could fly away. Suddenly she couldn ’ t ___6___ a sound from the bird. When she opened her door, the bird was already dead. Her___7___ killed the bird! Then she noticed ___8___ bird jumping up and down inside the cage. Shecould feel its great need for freedom. It wanted to fly into the clear, blue sky. So she lifted it fromthe cage and let it fly away ___9___. The bird circled once, twice, and three times. The girl___10___ as the bird flew. She wanted it to be happy. The fastest way to lose love is to hold on ittoo tightly, and the best way to keep love is to give it wings.1. A. while B. after C. before D. until2. A. box B. basket C. cage D. bag3. A. looked for B. looked atC. looked afterD. looked over4. A. forget B. leave C. lock D. close5. A. grateful B. proud C. afraid D. happy6. A. listen B. make C. feel D. hear7. A. love B. joke C. luck D. wish8. A. one B. the other C. another D. others9. A. angrily B. happily C. loudly D. highly10. A. watched B. looked C. guided D. ran awayIV. 阅读理解：AModern life is impossible without travel. The fastest way of travel is by plane. With a modern airliner( 客机) you can travel in one day to places which it took a month or more to get to a hundred years ago.Travel by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. You can see the country youare traveling through. Modern trains have comfortable seats and dining cars. They make even the longest journey enjoyable.Some people prefer to travel by sea when possible. There are large liners and river boats. You can visit many other countries and different places. Ships are not so fast as trains or planes, buttravel by sea is a very pleasant way to spend a holiday.Many people like to travel by car. You can travel three or four hundred miles or only fifty orone hundred miles a day, just as you like. You can stop wherever you wish-- where there is something interesting to see, at a good restaurant where you can enjoy a good meal, or at a hotel to spend the night. That is why traveling by car is popular for pleasure trips, while people usuallytake a train or plane when they travel on business.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。