英语必修4语法
高中英语必修四Unit_1_Women_of_achievement主谓一致语法
5.none 和 neither 作主语时,谓语可用单 数也可用复数,但如果修饰的是不可数名 词只用单数 None of us is/are perfect.(人无完人) None of the information has been received.
6.从句、不定式(短语),动名词(短
语),从句作主语时,谓语用单数 e.g. To read English aloud every morning does ____ (do) you a lot of good. is (be) my great happiness. Serving the people ____ When and where we will have a picnic has not been _ (be not) decided yet. _______
意义一致 8
集合名(family,class,team,group,crowd
public,government,band, company, army,police,enemy,crowd,audiece,pop ulation...) 若强调整体,谓语动词用单数 若强调个体,谓语动词则用复数 e.g. The group is (be) made up of nine students. The group are (be ) dancing happily.
physics, politics, mathematics等一些以 “-ics”结尾的词,指学科时属单数,谓 语动词用单数。 Physics is not difficult to learn. Mathematics is a subject studied in nearly every school. 注:若指某学科能力,成绩,应用等或非 学科含义时被看作复数,谓语常用复数。 My mathematics are week. What are your politics? 政治信仰/见解
高中英语必修四知识点归纳大全
高中英语必修四知识点归纳大全高中英语必修四知识点重要词汇拓展sunburnv.日晒,晒黑→sunburntadj.晒黑的strugglev./n.挣扎,奋斗,努力struggleagainststruggleforstrugglewith3decaden.十年,十年期4supern.冗员,额外人员;[口]特级品,特大号商品;超级市场adj特级的,极好的,非凡的5.hungern.饥饿,渴望/v.使饥饿→hungryadj.饥饿的;渴望的6.outputn.产量,输出,input输入,消费7.disturbingadj引起烦恼的,令人不安的,disturbv.打扰,麻烦8.expandvt.扩大,扩展,张开,使发,详谈;引伸circulatev.循环,流通→circulationn.循环,流传battlen.战役,战斗v.搏斗,奋斗thereforeadv.因此,所以ridvt摆脱,除去freedomn自由,自主→freeadj自由的,免费的14.equipv.配备,装备→equipmentn.设备15.exportv.输出,出口n.输出(品)→importv.输入,进口n.进口(品)16.nationalityn国籍,nationaladj国家的,民族的nationn.国家17.occupationn工作,职业,占领occupyv.占用,使从事,把注意力集中于...占领,占据18.confusev.使迷惑,使为难→confusedadj.感到迷惑的confusingadj.令人迷惑的19regretv./n.后悔,遗憾→regretfuladj.后悔的,遗憾的20.productionn.生产,制造,productive可生产的,可制造的,produce–v生产,制造21.discoveryn.发现,发觉,discover-v发现,focusv.集中,聚焦,n焦点,中心点reducev.减少,缩减→reductionn.减少,缩减返回目录高中英语知识点梳理重点梳理1ifnot如果不….Ifso如果这样,2.consideroneselfsth自认为是…considersbsth认为某人是…3.sincethen从那时起4.searchforawaytodosth寻找做某事的途径。
高中英语人教必修四unit4单词,短语,重点句型梳理
Unit 4重点单词、短语、句型梳理重点单词●●greet【课文原句】There are many different ways to greet someone using words. (Page 25)【点拨】greet v. 意为"迎接;问候"。
如:He made his way through the crowd to greet us.Bill opened the door to Harold and greeted him with cries of welcome.【拓展】greeting n. 意为"问候;祝贺",是可数名词。
如:"How are you?" is a conventional greeting."Good morning, "I said, but he didn’t return the greeting.【小试牛刀】句型转换。
1. The two students exchanged greetings.= The two students ________ _______ _______.2. We sent him a message, greeting his birthday.= We _______ _______ to his birthday.Key: 1. greeted each other2. sent greetings●●function【课文原句】... the smile —its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. (Page 30)【点拨】function n. 意为"作用,功能"。
如:The machine performs a very important function in our work.【拓展】function v. 意为"起……的作用(常与as连用);运转"。
必修4doing语法
can't help to do 不能帮助做某事
2012年12月27日星期四
9
____________ ___________ to do doing
manage expect decide seem offer
both to do and doing
hate love prefer remember regret
2012年12月27日星期四
12
3. doing 作定语。
①用途 There is a swimming pool = A pool is used for swimming ② 动作,正在进行 A sleeping child=the child is sleeping
2012年12月27日星期四
promise imagine suggest fail avoid hope afford admit practise plan
enjoy finish mind miss keep
try stop begin forget like start
promise , enjoy , fail , try , finish , hope , stop , begin , afford , forget , like , mind , miss , start , plan , keep
V + -ing 形式用法归纳
以doing为例
Revision
1. doing做主语
doing做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性、 泛指ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ抽象性的动作, 在口语中也可以表示 具体的动作。如:
Talking to him is talking to a wall. Talking mends no holes. Eating vegetables is beneficial to our health. Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
高中英语 语法复习十动词的语气——虚拟语气 新人教版必修4
主句
与现在事实相反
动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)
would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形
与过去事实相反
had +过去分词
would/ should/ could/ might + have +过去分词
与将来事实相反
动词过去式,should +动词原形,were to +动词原形
A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I know, would have rung him up
C. If I knew; would ring him upD. Had I known; would have rung him up
4. Mary is ill today. If she _____ , she ____ absent from school.
4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:在"It is time (that)…"句型中,定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来,动词形式一般用过去式,意思是"该干某事的时候了"。如: It’s (high) time we did our homework.我们该做作业了。
5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌,或委婉的语气,常见于日常会话中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别太晚睡觉。
6、省去条件从句或主句:表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义仍可以推知。
(1)省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了"If you had wanted to")(事实是:你自己没洗衣服,因为你不想洗。)
2019外研版高中英语选择性必修四Unit4 单元语法详解课件
● 温馨提示:主句是疑问句时,首先要确定定语从先行词, 方法是将疑问句恢复成肯定句,然后进行辨别确认, 请观察 以下句子
a. Is this the factory __(_t_h_a_t_/w__h_ic_h_)__ we visited last week?
※肯定句:This is the factory(_th_a_t_/_w__h_ic_h)we visited last week.
1. I will never forget the day __w_h_e__n_ I first went to school. 2. I will never forget the day _w__h_i_c_h_/_t_h_a_t_ we spent in Beijing. 3. The house w__h_i_c_h_/_t_h_a_t_ we visited is being repaired now.
※先行词既有人又有物时,请观察以下句子
They talked about the persons and things (that) they knew in the school.
● 关系代词 that前不加介词; 非限定性定语从句不用 that 引导,请观察以下句子
a. This is the house in which Luxun once lived (in that)
d. He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
●不管先行词是人还是物,用 that 的两种情况 ※ 由 which 和 who 开头的特殊问句中避免重复, 请观察以 下句子
a. Which is the subject ( that ) you are going to learn next term? b. Who is the man that came to see you just now?
【高一同步教程】高中英语必修4 Unit5语法:构词法讲解及练习
高中英语必修4 Unit 5语法教学案Section ⅢGrammar—构词法语法图解【探究发现】①chairman主席newspaper报纸hometown 家乡airport 机场sunrise 日出②dislike 不喜欢incorrect 不正确的unlucky 不走运的retell 复述telephone 电话③reader 读者inventor 发明家Chinese 中国人Indian 印度人artist 艺术家kindness 和蔼operation 手术④water 水/浇水dry 干的/弄干book 书籍/预订nurse 护士/护理better 更好/改善[我的发现](1) ①组中的单词是将两个单词合并在一起,形成一个新的单词。
这种构词法被称之为合成法。
(2) ②组中的单词都是在各自的词根前加了不同的前缀,如dis-,in-,un-,re-,tele-等。
(3) ③组中的单词是在各自的词根后加了不同的后缀,如-er, -or, -ese, -ian等。
(4) ②③组中单词的构词法被称之为派生法。
(5) ④组中的单词所展示的构词法被称之为转化法。
英语中词的构成方法主要有三种:合成、派生和转化。
一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词,有的用连字符“-”连接,有的直接写在一起,还有的由分开的两个词构成。
1.合成名词构成方式举例构成方式举例名词+名词weekend周末动词+名词postcard明信片名词+动词daybreak破晓动词-ing+名词waiting-room候车室名词+动词-ing handwriting书法形容词+名词fastfood 快餐构成方式举例构成方式举例名词+动词-ing English-speaking讲英语的形容词+名词part-time兼职的名词+动词-ed state-owned国有的形容词+动词-ing good-looking相貌好的副词+动词-ed widespread分布广的形容词+名词+-ed warm-hearted热心的构成方式举例构成方式举例形容词+名词sometimes有时副词+名词indoors在室内介词+名词alongside在一边副词+介词nearby附近4.构成方式举例代词宾格+self herself她自己himself他自己物主代词+self myself我自己yourself你自己形容词+名词anything任何东西somebody某个人5.合成动词构成方式举例名词+动词sunbathe晒太阳typewrite打字形容词+动词whitewash粉刷safeguard保卫副词+动词overthrow推翻upset使生气[名师点津](1) 合成词的复数形式通常是把前面的主体名词变复数。
外研社英语必修四第一单元语法讲解及练习(精)
将来进行时的讲解及练习1. 一般将来时是指将来某个时间将要发生的动作和状态,基本结构是:主语+will/be going to do如:I wil/am goning to Beijing next sunday.我下个星期天将要去北京。
2. 将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
基本结构是:主语 +willbe/be going to be +doing如:I will be sleeping at 12:00p.m. 十二点的时候我将在睡觉。
I will be studying in university at the age of 20.我 20岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。
一、将来进行时用来表示在将来的某一个时间正在进行的动作①下个星期的这时候 , 我们将在那个工厂劳动 .This time next week we shall be working in that factory.②明天下午三点 , 我们将正在开会 .We'll be having a meeting at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon.③你将什么时候见怀特先生 (语气较委婉客气 , 下属对上司 When will you be seeing Mr. White④今天晚上七点 , 学生们将正在看电视 .The students will be watching TV at seven this evening.二、将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作 , 或表示要在将来某一时刻开始 , 并继续下去的动作。
常用来表示礼貌的询问 , 请求等。
例如 :1This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.用法 :强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情 .例 :Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.别担心 , 你不会认不出她的 . 她到时会穿一件红色的 T 恤衫和一条白色的短裙 .例 :This time tomorrow you ________ there doing some more exercises.A will sitB will be sittingC sitD shall sit答案是 B. 因为 this time tomorrow是个很具体的将来时间 .三、将来进行时用来表示不含意图又未发生的动作注意 :将来进行时不用于表示 " 意志 ", 不能说 I'll be having a talk with her.I will be helping Mary tomorrow.明天我帮玛丽干活 .这不表示说话人已安排好要帮助玛丽或者想帮助她 . 这个句子仅仅说明这一动作将要发生 . 将来进行时的这When shall we be meeting again?五、与现在进行时态的区别现在进行时表示一种经过考虑的 , 将来要进行的动作 , 而将来进行时通常表示正常过程中会发生的动作 , 因此将来进行时不如现在进行时那样肯定 , 比后者偶然性要大一些 :I am seeing Tom tomorrow. 明天我要和汤姆见面 .I'll be seeing Tom tomorrow. 明天我会见到汤姆 .第一句意指汤姆或说话人已经特意安排了这次会面 , 而第二句则意指汤姆和说话人将在通常进程中见面 (也许他们在一起工作 . 不过这种差别并不是在任何情况下都很重要 , 而且常常两者都可以使用 . 现在进行时用于表示最近将来的动作时 , 必须有确定的时间 , 而将来进行时可以和确定的时间状语连用 , 也可以不连用 . 它既可以表示最近将来的动作 , 也可以表示较远将来的动作 . 可以说 :1I am meeting him tomorrow. 我明天和他会面 .I'll be meeting him tomorrow/next year/some time/. 我明天 /明年 /某时将与他会面 .六、与一般将来时态的区别将来进行时通常表示的是对将来事实的简单陈述 .而 will+V. (一般将来时除表示时间概念外 , 还带有感情色彩 .e.g. 汤姆明天将正在割草 . Tom will be cutting grass tomorrow.汤姆明天愿意割草 . Tom will cut the grass tomorrow.将来进行时专项练习一、单项填空1. The Blacks with us for the time being.A. will stayB. would stayC. have been stayingD. will be staying2. The plane at the present speed until it crosses the mountain at about ten tonight.A. would goB. wentC. will be goingD. goes3. Mr. Smith will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because ______ then.A. he must have a classB. he will be teaching a classC. he teaches a classD. he will have been teaching a class4. I won’t be able to watch the concert on TV tonight because I homework at that time.A. shall have doneB. shall be doingC. shall doD. have been doing5. I _______ my boss at three this afternoon.A. shall be picking upB. shall be pickedC. shall have been picking upD. shall have picked 6. You can’t miss Frank. He______ a dark green suit and a yellow tie waiting for you.A. is wearingB. will wearC. wearsD. will be wearing7. ----Could you give these books to Mr. Black?----Absolutely, _______him at five o’clock this afternoon.A.I will have a talkB. I have a talk withC.I can have a talk withD.I will be having a talk with 8. I’m afraid I won’t be available then. I _____ a friend off at three this afternoon.A. seeB. am seeingC. will seeD. will be seeing9. Next Friday I will go to another concert .They ____some thing by Mozart at that time.A. playB. will be playingC. are going to playD. are to play.10. ---What are you doing, Jack?---Make a model plane. I ____ it in the science class at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning.A. will be showingB. am going to showC. showD. have showed11. We _____ a debate on some environmental issues all afternoon tomorrow.A. will be havingB. am havingC. am going to haveD. have12. What do you think you _____at this time next year?A .will do B. will be doing C. are about to do D. do13. ---What will you do tomorrow evening?---I _____my favorite program between 8 and 11, then I will go out to drink in my usual bar.A. will watchB. am about to watchC. will be watchingD. am watching14. ---When will you come to see me, Dad?---I will go to see you when you_____ the training course.A. will have finishedB. will be finishingC. are finishingD. finish215. Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.A. to standB. standingC. stoodD. would stand16. I _______ very happy if I could be of some service to you.A. would beB. have beenC. must beD. can be17. The meeting was to at 9 o’clock but the manager until twenty minutes later.A. start; didn’t turn upB. have started; didn’t turn upC. start; hadn’t turned upD. be started; hadn’t turned up18. ---- he come to see you?----Of co urse, please. And I’d rather heA . Will; informB . Shall; toldC . Should; would sayD . Can; spoke19. If the building project _____ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company _____ fined. A. will be completed; is to be B. to be completed; will beC. being completed; will beD. completed; was20. ---- I rang you at about ten, but no one answered the phone.---- Oh, that was probably when I _______ my neighbor.A. visitedB. was going to visitC. was visitingD. had visited21. Because I the next day, I went to bed early on Saturday evening.A. was leavingB. will leaveC. had leftD. was about to leave22. ----Henry, fancy meeting you here.----Oh, it’s you Jack. Sorry, I ______ you ______ to me.A. didn’t think; were speakingB. don’t think; spokeC. didn’t think; would speakD. thought; are speaking23. By next summer John in this factory for thirteen years.A . has been workingB . will have been workingC . will be workingD . has worked24. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he __________ from the university next year. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate25. I _______________ the office when the telephone rang.A. was about to leaveB. would leaveC. leftD. was to leave26. According to their agreement reached in 1943, no country ___________ peace with Germany alone. A. is to make B. was to make C. would make D. was about to make27. He promised me if we_______ the game, he ________us a round of drink.A. win; will buyB. would win; would buyC. won; boughtD. won; would buy28. He said time and time again that he _________, but he actually stayed well after midnight.A. is leavingB. was leavingC. was to leaveD. will leave29. ----Mom, I got the first prize in the spelling contest.----Oh, how great! Daddy will be so proud of you. He _____ you _____ to win.A. never think; are goingB. never thought; were goingC. didn’t think; were goingD. hadn’t thought; were going30. Tom_________ to Jerry and tell him about his new school at once.A. will writeB. writesC. wroteD. writes3二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. He __________ (lie on one of the sunny beaches in Hawaii all day when he spends his holiday there.2. Don’t call me between 2:00 and 4:00 this afternoon. I ________ (have an test then.3. Nobody knew what ________ (happen to the Earth in a century’s time.4. Mr. Lee said he would give the CD to me as soon as he ______ (return from Canada.5. When we were young, father________ (take us for a special treat on Mother’s day.6. ----Did you invite Sarah to your birthday party?----Sorry, I forget. I _______ (call her now.7. You have to put in more effort if you were _________ (pass the test.8. I __________ (tell you about my plan, but you stopped me before I could speak.9. Will you __________(use your computer this time tomorrow?10. I __________ (close the kitchen door when a little mouse popped its head out.三、中译英1. 我正打算往河里跳时看见水里出现一条蛇。
外研版高一英语必修四unit4语法课教案设计
Lesson plan for Great ScientistsTeachi ng Procedurese.The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High-tech Agriculture Company of China.T:Now answer the following questions.1 .Which sentence is in the present simple(passive voice)?2 .Which sentences are in the past simple(passive voice)?3 .Which sentence refers to the future?4 .Which sentence is in the present perfect?3. Present the passive voice with four tenses on PPT the present simple, the past simple, the futuresimple, and the present perfect; then explain the usage of the sentences from the PPT one by one.4. Conclude the forms of the passive voice and show it on PPT. Let Ss learn to observe the sentences structures and distinguish the different tenses.The teacher guides the students to make a simple summary of the voice they have learned and form a clear concept of it.Stage 3 Practice (10mins)1. Ask Ss to do the exercise 1 and exercise 2 of different tenses about the passive voice. 厂 一Exercise 1 J 1.1 vxltfl monry ______ . Ihe lliedltv illA. was fnundB. find 吊 1 round Ik fonrid«rv cnnriiJ<nt ihiHenvironment _______ hy our furthervl'Jbrh tu induct pullulion.A. had been improved ' hr iniproi «dC?. k impiwcd 1). WHS improvrdXU nalliing _______ , Uiv(K?c3ns «111 turn inlo I LS J I deserts,A. doe\ B* h 刘d been done will 号 JuneExercise 2Fill in the blanks.Part oneLihui: Let's learn other scientists.Lihua: Cailun is a great inventor I'd like to talk.Lihui: Great,we all know that Papermaking _____________________ (invent) by him.Lihua:Yes,with the development of society, different types of paper _____________________ (develope) sofar.Lihui:Maybe in the future, new paper ________________ (create) and ________ (use) in other area.Part 2Tom:Do you know some famous scientists?Tina:Yes,Stephen Hawking,he _________________ (know) at home and abroad widely.Tom:for example?Tina:He ___________ (graduate) from Oxford University.In the 1960s,He (diagnose)with motor neurone disease.but he never gave up, his book A Briefbe +doneDesigning purposeHistory of Time(publish)in 1988.He is so outstanding and we(influence) by him.Tom:Right.we all believe his work(use) in other new field that(explore) by others scientists recently.Stage4 Production Discussion and making sentences in groups.(11 mins ) 1.Teacher show some pictures in the PPT, then ask Ss to discuss and describe the picture byusing the correct form of passive voice in groups. And some prompts are given besides the picture.T: I think you have learned passive voice by hearts. Now, we will make some sentences in passive voice inpassive voice.You know,we should learn not only their forms but also how to use them correctly. Ask Ss todiscuss the exercise in groups and finish it.Practice 1: Make sentences according to the pictures and given words.2.Write a short dialogue within sive sentences to describe the scientists with the right types of PV.Scientists are as follows:MadameCurie,Edison ect.3.Give some comments on the Ss' performance and then give a brief conclusion.Blackboard/PPT Design(板书 /媒体设计)Module 4 The Passive VoiceBe+done1.the present simple: am/is/are+done2.the past simple: was/were+done3.the future simple: will be+done4.the present perfect: have/has+been+done。
人教版高中英语必修 4 unit 4语法精讲精练--- 分词作定语和状语
必修 4 unit 4语法精讲-----分词作定语和状语一、作定语。
单个的分词作定语时放在所修饰词的前面,但是如果修饰some/any/no/every+thing/body/one 或者指示代词those时,分词应在其后。
分词短语作定语时应放在所修饰词的后面。
在用作定语时,分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went home.)注:现在分词与过去分词都可作定语,但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情,有主动意义;而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情,有被动意义。
例如:I have no teeth left.Anyone swimming will be punished.The question being discussed in the meeting is very important.There are a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.二、作状语。
分词在句中作状语时表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果或让步等,多置于句首,做伴随状语,多放在后面。
分词用于go doing结构中作目的状语。
分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果与句子主语不一致,那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语,且要用独立主格结构形式来表达。
①时间状语:分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。
现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首,表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生,有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。
如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前,用现在分词的完成体形式。
过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。
分词前有时加上时间连词。
Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.After finishing his homework, he went to bed.Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.当请他作演讲时Once recovered, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康复②原因状语:分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。
必修四Unit4知识点
1. close to(距离、时间、数量、水平等)近的;接近的;最近的;关系密切的The hotel is close to the centre of town.宾馆就在城中心附近。
You can’t go to the party; it’s too close to your exams.你不能去参加聚会,它离你的考试时间太近了。
She’s close to both her parents.她和父母的关系都很密切。
【拓展】get close to靠近;接近feel close to觉得与…亲密2. as well也;还;又I’d like a cup of coffee, and a glass of water as well.我想要一杯咖啡,还有一杯水。
【辨析】as well, too, also, as well as与either这几个词/词组均可以作“也;同样”解。
as well通常放在句末。
too常置于句末,前面有逗号,用于肯定句中。
also位于实义动词之前或be动词、助动词及情态动词之后,用于肯定句中。
as well as用在句中。
as well as前面的部分作主语,其后的部分不作主语。
either 位于句末,前面有逗号,用于否定句中。
3. in general通常,大体来说,总的来讲【拓展】generally adv. 一般地,通常地,普遍地generally speaking一般来说It is generally believed that….普遍认为…as a general rule在通常情况下;一般而言as a whole总体上,整个看来4. on the contrary正相反;恰恰相反It isn’t hot; on the contrary it’ cold.5. clean out清理;把….打扫干净;把…偷光/买空;耗尽某人的钱财They spend the day cleaning out the garage.他们花了一天时间彻底清理车库。
Unit4+Sharing语法2022-2023学年高中英语人教版2019选择性必修第四册
Chapter 1 of sharing --- Look and Answer
What happened in the picture?
Rescue teams tried their best to search people.
In the rubble(碎石) of collapsed buildings, rescue workers and medical teams searched for both survivors and those killed. With thousands of collapsed buildings, it is not clear how many people might still be trapped under the rubble.
6. My muscles① were aching② and my knees③ shaking as we dragged ourselves④ down the mountain⑤ towards home⑥.
①NP (subject),② VP(predicate), ③ NP (subject), ④ VP (predicate), ⑤PrepP (adverbial) , ⑥ PrepP (adverbial)
Identify the Phrases and Analyse Their Functions
3. Tombe’s father①, Mukap, a man② with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead③, led us④ to his house⑤.
①NP (subject) , ②NP (appositive), ③PrepP (attributive) , ④VP (predicate) , ⑤PrepP (adverbial) 4. He then placed the hot stones① in an empty oil drum② with kau kau (sweet potato), ripe corn, and greens③. ①VP (predicate), ②PrepP (adverbial), ③PrepP (adverbial)
必修四英语词组句型知识点
单元概览重要词汇重点交际句式谈论确定的将来1.We are running out of.... 我们将用尽……2. ...is on the way out. ……即将不流行了。
表示预测1.What will...of the future look like? 将来的……会是什么样子?2.What...is going to/will be like in the future? ……将会变成什么样子?3.These predictions will come true if.... 如果……,这些预言都将成为现实。
4. ...will/won’t be here in...years. ……在……年之内将会/不会来这儿。
重点语法学习并掌握将来进行时的构成和用法;比较将来进行时和一般将来时、现在进行时的常见用法。
写作要求能熟练运用本模块所学的词汇、短语和时态表达所预测的将来的环境。
名师导航三点剖析单词·巧记·典句·考点alternative [lЗ:n t I v] adj. 替换的;供选择的n . 可能性【巧记提示】 alter(改变)+native(本土的),改变本土的。
【经典例句】 The alternative means of getting there is by ship.另一种到达那儿的方法就是乘船。
【考点聚焦】 1)近义词:choice n. 选择2)常用词组:have no alternative/choice but to do sth.除了做……之外别无 选择prediction [pr I d I K n] n. 预言;预告 n. 预测【巧记提示】pre(事先)+dict(命令)+ion(名词后缀)【经典例句】He likes making predictions.他喜欢预测。
【考点聚焦】1)同根词:predict v. 预测;predictor n. 进行预测或预报的人 2)同义词:forecast n. 预测3)常用词组:make a prediction或 make predictions 作预测risky [r I sk I] adj .危险的;冒险的【巧记提示】risk(冒险)+y(形容词后缀)【经典例句】Sailing across the Atlantic alone is a risky thing.独自一人航行穿越大西洋是一件冒险的事。
外研版高中英语必修4短语
外研版高中英语必修4短语(总6页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Module 1.. Book 41.have no alternative but (=have nochoice but)除……外别无选择; 只要……2.alternative energy 可代替能源3.an alternative plan 替代方案4.load … with sth. 给… 装某物load the truck with coal给汽车装煤5.be on fire 着火(强调状态)catch fire失火(强调动作,无被动语态) set fire to sth 放火烧某物mand sb to do sth命令某人做某事command that… (that从句中要用should+动词原形, should可省略) 7.free of charge 免费,不花钱in charge of 负责,管理in the charge of 由…负责take charge of 负责管理,负责照顾be charged with… 充满8.attach sth to sth把某物固定/附在某物上attach oneself to参加;和…在一起,缠着be attached to…连在…上; 附属于….;系在……上attach importance/value to sth.认为某事很重要/有价值9.for sure 肯定地,有把握地sb. is sure to do sth某人一定/肯定做某事be sure + that-clause 确信,相信……make sure of /about sth 确保……make sure + that-clause 确保10.sb. run out of sth 某人用完了某东西sth. run out某物用完了(没有了)11.rely on/upon 依靠,信赖;取决于rely on it that…指望…..,对……不怀疑12.get rid of 摆脱,丢掉;除去,赶走,消灭13.with + 复合宾语结构,常用的结构形式有:214.①with+宾语+现在分词(强调宾语是现在分词动作的发出者或某状态、动作正在进行)15.②with+宾语+过去分词(强调宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)16.③with+宾语+形容词(强调宾语的特性和状态)④with+宾语+副词⑤with+宾语+不定式(不定式动作尚未发生)⑥with+宾语+介词短语17.place an order 订购18.carry out an operation 做手术19.be optimistic about…对……乐观的be optimistic that… 对…..乐观20.in shape 处于良好状态,在形状上 in the shape of 以….形状;呈……形out of shape 变形,走样21.look out of 向……外看look out!小心,当心Watch out! ;Be careful!Take care!22.for a start 首先to start with = to begin with 首先,第一from the start = from the beginning从开头, 从开始23.on the way out即将被淘汰; 即将过时on the way n./pron./to doing 即将,来到,接近24.can’t…too或never…too“不可能太….”,“再怎么….也不过分”25.Not all…=All…not…并非所有的Module 21.be on display 展览2.be on show be on exhibition3.permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事permit doing sth 允许做某事34.provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物provide sth for sb5.sth impress sb 某物给某人留下影响6.sb be impressed byimpress sth on sb 某人铭记= impress sb with sthsth is impressed on one’s mind某事被印在脑海里have/leave/make/ a …impression on sb 给某人留下…的印象7.be convenient to sb 对某人方便It is convenient for sb 对某人方便It is convenient to do sth 做某事方便be convenient for sth 对某事方便8.get around=get about到处旅游;四处走动9.be connected to/with与…..相连, 接通10.be stuck in 困住,动不了11.get dressed 穿衣get washed 洗脸get lost 迷路get married 结婚get charged 充电get separated 被分散12.in no time 马上,一会儿on time 按时in time 及时once upon a time 从前at the same time 与此同时at one time 曾经, 一度,at no time 决不,在任何时候都不13.be worth doing 值得做…..14.be worth + n. = be worthy of + n15.sth. is worth doing = sth is worthyof being done16. = sth is worthy to be done17.“祈使句 + and +简单句”可以改为if条件句Think hard, and you’ll have an idea. “祈使句 + or +简单句”也可以改为if条件句Listen to me, or you won’t understand.18.under construction 正在建设之中19.be limited to 局限于…..20. in rush hours 处于交通高峰期21. react to… 对…产生反应react with sth.与某物起(化学)反应22. occur to sb (主意或想法突然)浮现与脑中, 被想起,被想到It occurs to sb to do sth某人想到……It occurs to sb that23. have sth done 请别人做某事24. keep cool 保持冷静keep quiet 保持安静keep still 不动keep silent 保持沉默25. no way 肯定不, 没门儿(用于句首时,句子要倒装)Module 31.vary in… 在……方面不同vary from…to… 从…..到……变化vary with随着….而变化,因….而不同 2. involve sb in… 允许某人参与 involve oneself in… 积极参与…… be/get involved in 被卷入到….之中 3. more than 不仅仅4. more than 100 = over 100 , 超过1005. more than surprised 十分/非常 吃惊6. more …than… 与其说…不如说…(强调前者) He was more an artist than a writer.7. on guard (保持)警惕;值班,站岗8. on holiday 度假9. on leave 休班 10. on duty 值班 11. hold up 举起,抬起,承受住,支撑 hold back 阻挡 hold on 等会儿, 坚持 hold down 限制 hold out 维持 12. give away 泄露,出卖,暴露,让步,赠送,捐赠 give off 发出(烟、光、热、气味等)give out发出;放出(消息、声音等);用完,耗尽13.mind reader 能看透别人心思的人14.make a deal 达成协议,做成交易municate with sb 和某人交流16.be busy with sth 忙于某事17.shake hands with sb 和某人握手18.stare at sb/sth 注视着某人/某物stare into the distance 凝视着远方19.request sb to do sth 要求某人做某事request that sb (should) do…要求某人做某事make a request for…要求…..at the request of sb 应某人的请求= at sb’s requestby request(of) 按要求20.do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙ask sb a favour 请某人帮个忙in favour of 赞成do sb a favor = do a favor for sb 帮某人的忙21.lift up 举起;太高;吊起22.①up and down 上上下下②up and down 前前后后= back and forth= backwards and forwards③up and down 处处= here and there④up and down 来来往往= to and from23.by accident 偶然地,无意地Module 41.experiment with sth. 用某物实验experiment on sth. 对某物进行实验carry outperformconduct an experiment做实验domake2.make a breakthrough取得重大突破(进展)3.convert A into/to B 把A转换成B4.take the place of = replace 取代,代替in place of 取代,代替(介词短语)instead of 代替,而不是(介词短语) 5. a quantity of + 不可数名词,谓语动词用单数quantities of+可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数quantities of+不可数名词,谓语动词用复数6.bring up抚育;教养,呕吐,提出(话题等) bring down 降低bring about 导致,引起bring back 归还;恢复;回想bring in 赚(钱);带进;传入7.search for 寻找search sb/sp 搜查某人或某地in search of 寻求/寻找……8.as a result of 由于…..的结果9.as a result 因此,结果10.owing to11.thanks to 由于…12.due tobecause of13.the key to… 的关键the answer to the question问题的答案notes to the text 课文注释an end to the meeting 会议的结束the entrance to the building大厦的入口14.export sth to 出口某物到……15.the second most important第二重要的16.be interested in…对……感兴趣17.graduate from…. 从…..(地方)毕业18.escape from (out of)+sp.从某地逃脱;逃走escape from reality 逃避现实have a narrow escape 九死一生a fire escape 紧急出口;安全门19.clear up (天气)放晴;整理;收拾20.be known for 因…..而出名/闻名21.be known as 以……而知名,著称be known to 为……所知722.earn one’s living 谋生23. = make a livingget/gain a living 谋生live/lead a…life 过着…..的生活e to power 掌权;执政take power 取得政权in power 当权,执政out of one’s power不能胜任,力所不及= beyond one’s power25.It is possible that…. 可能……26.It’s certain that...一定…….=sb/sth is certain to doIt’s certain that you’ll succeed. = 27.It’s likely that……可能…..=sb/sth is likely to doIt’s likely that he is doing his homework.28.It seems that 好像……=sb/sth seems to doIt seems that he knows the secret. =35. at war 在交战中36. be diagnosed with被诊断出…, 患有…37. become the voice of成为…的代言人38. partly because of 一部分因为Module 51.surround sb with sth用某物包围某人be surrounded by sb 被某人所包围in the surrounding 在周围环境2. a narrow escape 九死一生3.in the distance 在远处,在远方from a distance 从一定距离,从远处at a distance在一定距离处,隔一段距离keep sb at a distance对某人冷淡; 与某人保持距离4.at the edge of在……的边缘(侧重于在边点上) on the edge of在…边缘上(侧重在边缘较阔的地域)5.at least = at the least 至少not in the least = not all 一点也不at most = at the most 至多6.be heavy with 有大量的7.make a detour 绕道而行8.have four weeks off 休四周假9.go through 穿过;经历10.forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事 forbid doing sth 禁止做某事11.require to do sth 要求去做某事require sb to do sth要求某人去做某事require that sb (should) do sth要求某人做某事sth require doing 某物需要被做= sth require to be done12.on a spot 在现场,当场13.rip off 敲竹杠;敲诈14.rip sth off 偷窃,盗取15.get a kick out of 从……中得到乐趣16.enjoy doing 喜欢干…..17.be fond of 喜欢…..18.go in for 爱好,从事Module 6 1.attack sb with sth 用某物攻击某人be attacked with a disease 患/害病make an attack on/upon对…发动攻击a heart attack 心脏病突发e into existence开始存在;形成;成立a struggle for existence 生存竞争3.calm down (使)安静下来4.sb. is unlikely to…某人不可能5.It is unlikely that…不可能……6.be likely to... 可能……7.be related to与…有关,与…有联系relate sth to sth把…..与……联系起来8.There happens to be…碰巧有……9.There appears to be…似乎有……10.There seems to be…好像有11.have the fortune (luck) to do sth幸好(幸运)做某事make a fortune 发财try one’s fortune 碰碰运气12.die out(家族、物种)灭绝;灭亡;(习俗等)渐渐消失火)逐渐熄灭13.throw light on帮助弄清楚;阐明某事come to light暴露,被发现,表现出来bring to light 让人知道,公布于世e straight to the point谈正题;开门见山beside/off the point不切正题,无关紧要to the point 切题,中肯be on the point of 正要15.go for 适用于,应用于;喜欢,偏爱16.adapt oneself to 使自己适应于……17.according to 根据18.be connected with 与…..有关系19.in order to = so as to 为了本模块重点语法一.情态动词 + have + p.p. 用法归纳1.must have done sth. 肯定做了某事(表示对过去的某事做出肯定的判断) He knew the film. He must have seen it.2.may/might have done可能/大概已经做了某事(表示对过去情况的可能性推测)Tom may have bought a new pen because I don’t see the old one..3.can’t/ couldn’t have done sth.不可能已经做了某事(表示对过去情况的否定性推测)The ground is dry, so it can’t have rained last night.4.should have done sth.过去应该做某事(而没做) = ought to have done sthYou are late. You should have come 1 minute earlier.5.shouldn’t have done sth.过去不该做某事(却做了)= oughtn’t to have done sth.She is crying. You sho uldn’t have told her the sad news.6.could have done sth.本来能够做(却没有做某事)7.needn’t have done sth.原来不必做某事(却已经做了)Tom has bought a new pen. You needn’t have lent him your pen.8. would rather have done sth. 本来想做某事(却未做成)I would rather have come to help youwith your English, but I was too busy atthat time.二、情态动词表推测的其他用法1、情态动词 + 动词原形表示对现在或将来情况的推测2、情态动词 + be doing表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测3、情态动词 + have been doing表示对过去正在发生的事情的推测11。
高一英语必修四语法点总结
高一英语必修四语法点总结Unit 10Lesson 11. determine sthon / upon sth / doing sth 决定...to do sth 决定做某事be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事* adj. determined n. determination2. dream sth up 想入非非dream of / about sthdoing sthnot dream of / about sth /doing sth 无论如何也不做某事dream sth away 虚度(光阴)3. the rest of 其余的...4. concern v. 使烦恼/担忧,涉及n. 担忧/心/be concerned about / for sth 担心某事with sth 涉及,与...有关,参与in sth 与...有牵连,对...负有责任* concern oneself with 忙于,关心5. turn one's back on 不理睬,拒绝6. be pleased to 对...感到高兴/满意7. give away 赠送,泄露,分发8. be aware of sb sth 知道,了解,意识到that-从句9. drop out 退出,退学10 . put off 推迟,取消Lesson 2.1. in order to 为了..2. be ashamed of 为...感到羞愧about / over sb / sth 对...非常热心3. take turns 轮流4. annoy v. 使烦恼be annoyed with sb 对某人生气at / for sth 因某事生气* n.annoyance 恼怒,烦恼adj. annoying 恼人的,烦人的annoyed 感到恼火的,觉得生气的5. be of no use 没有用Lesson 3.1. appeal v. to sb / sth (against sth ) (反对...)向...上诉to sb 吸引某人,引起...兴趣to sb for sth 呼吁某人做某事* adj. appealing 有吸引力的2. agree withto sth / do sthon sth 在...上达成协议3. effect n. 效果,效应put / bring sth into effect 使生效come into effect 生效in effect 有效,实际上have an effect on 对...有影响4. admire v. 赞美,欣赏,敬佩admire sb for sth 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人express admiration for sb 对某人表示敬佩5. play a role in 在...中起作用6. to be exact 准确地说7. make a living 谋生Lesson 4.1. go through 穿过/透,浏览,经历,用完2. It's no bigger than a credit card.*. no + 形容词比较级 + than = as + 形容词比较级 + as3. tire v. 使...疲倦/厌烦be tired of sth / doing sth 对(做)某事感到厌烦out 筋疲力尽from 因...而疲倦4. instead of 代替,而不是5. make up 编造,组成Unit 11.Lesson 1.1. stand for 代表,支持2. be made up of 由...组/构成3. mean to do sth 企图做...sth / doing sth 意味着做...4. demand n. in demand 非常需要的supply and demand 供求meet the demand 满足,要求v. to do sth 要求做...sth of sb 向某人要某物for sb sth (强烈要求)that-从句(虚拟语气)5. prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止/避免某人免受...的伤害6. escape n. 逃脱v. escape sth / doing sth 逃避/避免(做)某事escape from 从...逃脱出来7. announce sth to do sb 向某人宣告某事that—从句宣布...It is announced that 据宣/公布make an announcement 发布通知,声明8. come down to 归根结底,实质上come across 偶然碰到come to oneself 苏醒过来9. in detail 详细地Lesson 2.1. arise v. 出现,发生arise from 由...产生/引起 = result from* result from + 起因in + 结果2. blame sth on sb 把...归咎于某人sb for sth / doing sth 因...责怪某人*. sb be to blame for sth 某人对某事负责任3. attempt to do sth 试图做... = make a attempt to do sth in a attempt to do sth 有做...的企图attempt at ... 对...的尝试4. in favour of 支持,赞同5. turn to 转向,求助于Lesson 3.1. likely adj. It is likely that.. ...是很有可能的sb / sth be likely to do sth 某人/某事可能...2. consist of 由组/构成(无被动式,无进行式)= be made up ofconsist in =lie in 存在于...with 与...相一致3. apply ... to ... 把..应用到...for sth 申请4. be linked to / with 与...相关联5. stand out 突出,显眼6. suggest v. 建议 doing sthone's doing sththat-从句(虚拟语气:should+动词原形)* 当suggest为暗示、表明时,+ that—从句(陈述语气)7. as well as 也,还有*. A as well as B + 谓语动词(与A一致)8. try to do sth 试图做某事doing sth 尝试做某事9. the way to do sthof doing sth10. be used to 习惯于11. aim to 目的是12. comment adj. 常见的,共同的in comment 共有comment on sth 对...发表评论,提出评论on comment 无可奉告Lesson 4.1. as long as 只要2. conclude v. sth 做出结论,下结论that-从句n. conclusion 结论,结尾in conclusion 总之,最后draw / come to conclusion 得出结论3. consideration 不可n,考虑;可n ,要考虑的事under consideration 在考虑之中take sth into consideration 考虑(某事)show consideration for sb 关心/体贴某人4. in the way 挡到,阻碍on the way 在...的路上in a way 在某种程度上by the way 顺便说5. get stuck in 陷入6. help sb out ( of sth ) 帮助...摆脱困难7. more than 多于,非常,与其...不如 ...8. go ahead 继续做,开始做某事9. in my opinion 在我看来Unit 12.Lesson 1.1. owe sb sth 欠某人某物sth to sb / sth 归功于... 归咎于...2. absorb v. 吸引,理解be absorb in = be buried in = be lost in 全神贯注于... 集中精力于...absorb / draw one's attention 吸引某人的注意力3. brief adj. 短暂的,简短的in brief 简而言之to be brief 简单地说4. expectation n. 期待,期望expect to do sthsb to do sthtoo much of sb 对某人期望过高sth from sb / sth5. exchange v. exchange sth with sb 和某人交换某物information交流信息n. in exchange for 用...交换make an exchange 交换6. advise doing sthsb to do sth7. risk v. doing sth 冒着...危险n. at risk 处于危险之中at any risk 无论冒什么险at the risk of doing sth 冒着...的危险risk one's life 冒着某人的生命危险run / take risk 冒风险8. the majority of + n 大多数...9. get / be used to doing sth 习惯于做...used to do sth 过去常常做...10. even if 即使11. be different from 与...不同12. laugh at 嘲笑Lesson 2.1. would rather do sth 宁可... 宁愿...do sth than do sth 与其...不如...that-从句2. not a bit = not at all 一点也不3. request n. at the request of sb = at sb's request 依照某人的请求v. sb to do sth 请求某人做某事sth from sb 向某人要求某物that sb (should) do sth 要求某人做某事4. manners n. 礼貌,规矩in the manner of 用...的方式in a ... manner 以一种...方式all manners of 各种各样的5. give sb a lift 给...搭车,搭便车6. catch up with 赶上7. pick up 用车接...8. drop off 让...下车Lesson 3.1. familiar adj. 熟悉的,常见的sb be familiar with sth 某人熟悉某物sth to sb 某物为某人所熟悉2. have a difficult (hard) time (in) doing sth3. was / were doing sth whenabout to do sth when4. stare at 盯着看 * glave at 怒目而视5. sound like 听起来像6. the last time7. insist on doing sth 坚持做+ that-从句坚持,认为(已做)陈述语气坚持,要求(未做)虚拟语气8. see sb off 为/给..送行see after 照顾to 注意,负责through 识破,看穿9. keep on doingdoing (反复性)10. work v. 起作用,(机器...)运转,进展顺利out of work 失业work at 从事...work out 解决,计算出work on 工作,从事...Lesson 4.1. belong to 属于,适应 * (belong作不及物v,不用于被动、进行时态,不可直接接宾语)2. contrary adj. 与...相反的be contrary to 与...相反on the contrary 相反的to the contrary 相反地3. forgive v. 原谅,宽恕forgive sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人(做)错了...forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事4. attach v. 喜欢,依恋,系,固定be attached to 热爱,依恋,附属于attach ...to ... 附上,连接,系上,把...归于...attach ...to sth 认为某事...attach oneself to 依附... 参加5. be fond of 爱好,喜欢6. take ... seriously 认真对待7. That's why ... 那是...的原因8. look out for 注意,当心9. addition n. 增加之物/人in addition 此外in addition to 除...之外10. contrast n. 对比,相比v. 对比by contrast 与之对比in (sharp) contrast to 和...形成(鲜明)对比11. at the beginning of 在...开头at the beginning 从一开始,从头in the beginning 在开始时,起初12. bring an end to 使...结束,终止。
必修4-Unit 2 课文重点句式及语法填空
Now more than 60% of the rice 5. produced (produce)in China each year is from this hybrid strain.
◆教材原句
Have you ever grown any plants? If so,what did you do to grow them?
你曾种植过植物吗?如果种过not 如果不是这样的话(与if so 意义相反)
if necessary 如果有必要
and aroused my interest in foreign culture. (4)[2019·北京卷] What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they
go. (5)[词汇复现]This is what he intends to do.
if any 如果有的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
高中英语 必修4 Unit 2 Working the land
◆单句写作 (1) It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. __I_f_s_o___(如果这样的话),we’d better take it to the garage. (2) If possible (如果可能的话),we’d better sit in the shade of a tall tree. (3) Correct the errors in the following sentences, if any (如果有的话). (4)[词汇复现]Are you tired? If not (如果不累的话),let’s carry on our work.
2019外研版高中英语选择性必修四Unit4 Everyday economics语法精讲
Unit4 Everyday economics语法-精讲破复习:定语从句(一)定语从句中关系词的选择1.关系代词引导的定语从句The man who(m)you saw just now is our manager.(先行词指(1)______,关系词在从句中作宾语)Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作(2)_______语)He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作(3)_______语)Please pass me the book whose cover is green. (先行词指(4)_______,关系词在从句中作(5)_______语)The prosperity which/that has never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which/that在从句中作(6)________语)The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to me unwrapped(which/that 在从句中作(7)_______语)They talked in such simple English as children could understand. (as在从句中作(8)______语)As is known to all,fish can't live without water.(As 从句中作(9)_______语)2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when、where、why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which"结构交换使用。
There are occasions (10)________(on which)one must yield.Beijing is the place where (11)________ I was born.Is this the reason why((12)________ which)he refused our offer?(二)定语从句的分类1.根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度,可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
高中英语必修四第1-5单元重点词汇及语法(完整版)
高中英语必修四第1-5单元重点词汇及语法(完整版)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Unit 1 Women of achievement1.achieve v. 完成,达到;实现,获得achievement:n.完成;达到;成绩;成就e.g He will never achieve anything if he doesn’t work hard.不努力工作他什么也做不成。
The company has achieved a 100% increase in profitability.这个公司在利润方面获得了百分之百的增长We felt a great sense of achievement when we reached the top of the mountain.当我们到达山顶的时候,我们有一种很大的成就感。
2.connection: 联系;关系;连接物;连接,联结(with/between) Pl. 亲属;亲戚e.g There is a strong connection between smoking and heart disease.吸烟和心脏病之间有很大的联系。
The company has a connection with a number of Japanese firms.这个公司和日本的好多公司有联系。
This town has very good road and railway connections with the coast.这个小镇和海岸之间有着很好的公路及铁路连接。
She ‘s English but she has Irish connections.她是英格兰人但她有爱尔兰的亲戚。
in connection with: 有关e.g In connection with your request of March 3, we are sorry to tell you that we can’t give you a reply until the manager comes back next week.关于你三月三日的请求,很抱歉地告诉你直到下周经理回来我们才能给你答复。
人教版英语必修四课件:Unit+3+A+taste+of+English+humour语法专题课
entertaining. S3: How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining?
补足 语
S4: The acting is so convincing that it
Consolidation:
Pick out the errors and correct them. 1.We are all fond of Charlie’s early films, which we think are more intereted . 2. Charlie’s job was entertain people, wasn’t it? 3. Charlie’s nonverbal humour often makes people bursting into laughter. 4. I saw the boys climb the fence when I passed. 5.All the stuff in our company are considering to go to the city centre for the fashion show. 6.I wouldn’t mind to see The Gold Rush again with you tonight. 7.The meeting to be held now is very important. Suggesred answers:1.interested → interesting 2.entertain→ entertaining 3.bursting→burst 4.climb → climbing 5.to go → going 6.to see → seeing 7. to be held → being held
人教社高中英语必修 4 unit 1语法精讲精练-----主谓一致
语法精练---主谓一致必修 4 unit 1Subject-Verb agreement (主谓一致)【命题趋向】高考考察一些特殊名词在主谓一致情况下的形式,如改错,单选等题目。
【基础知识】一、主谓一致的三个原则所谓一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称数、性等方面的协调关系。
主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。
一个句子中主谓一致有三种基本原则:语法一致;意义一致;就近一致。
1)语法一致:指句中的动词要和它的主语在语法形式上保持一致。
其最基本的规则是:单数主语需要用单数动词复数主语需要用复数动词。
如:No further explanation has been given by them so far 。
到目前为止,他们还没有作出进一步的解释。
2)意义一致:从意义上看眼处理主谓一致关系,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面的语法标志。
如:主语的语法形式为单数,但表示单数意义,谓语动词往往用单数。
如:Bread and butter is what little John enjoys. 小约翰喜欢吃涂有黄油的面包。
(主语加虽有and ,但应作为一个整体看待,即“涂了黄油的面包”。
)3)就近一致:即谓语动词的人称和数往往与最近的主语保持一致。
如:-Not only the students but also teachers should make full use of their time to improvethemselves.不仅学生而且老师也要充分利用时间提高自己。
二、主谓一致用法应用时注意的问题:1)当主语为表示“距离”,“时间”,“长度”,“价值”,“金额”,“重量”,“容量”等复数名词时,可以将其看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
Six months is too short a time to learn a language .六个月时间太短,不能学会一门语言。
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第一单元语法主谓一致主谓一致是指:1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
2 主谓一致中的就近原则1) 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
2)当either?or?与neither?nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
4 谓语需用单数1)代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。
2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。
3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。
(用复数也可,意思不变)。
5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数1)在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。
如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.population的谓语动词形式与表语一致,一般来说与分数,百分数连用时,谓语动词用复数。
6 与后接名词或代词保持一致1)用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。
2)在一些短语,如many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。
但由more than? of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
7 在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
注意:在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中,从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the (only)、the very。
如果有,从句的谓语动词用单数,如没有the only,就用复数形式。
在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
第二单元语法动名词定义:动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。
它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。
动名词有时态和语态的变化。
解释:动词的ing形式如果是名词,这个词称动名词。
特征:动词原形+ing构成,具有名词,动词一些特征一、动名词的作用动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1、作主语动名词作主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。
这种用法在习惯句型中常用。
动名词作主语的几种类型动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。
在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。
动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:1. 直接位于句首做主语。
2. 用it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
动名词做主语时,不太常用it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。
注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
3. 用于“There be”结构中。
4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。
5. 动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。
动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。
6.例词shopping fishing cycling这些都是很常见的动名词二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。
在意义上相近。
但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。
注意:1)在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。
2)在“It is no use?”,“It is no good?”,“It is fun?”,“It is a waste of time?”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语。
3)在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语。
4)在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语。
5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一。
2、作宾语(1)作动词的宾语某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。
常见的此类动词有:advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devo?to?, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。
(2)作介词的宾语。
(3)作形容词的宾语。
3、作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。
4、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。
二、动名词的逻辑主语带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。
当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了动名词的复合结构。
其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语,动名词是逻辑上的谓语。
动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
如在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。
在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语:a.无命名词b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列三、动名词的时态和语态1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。
2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者,动名词用被动语态。
(1)它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,或在其前发生。
(2)它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
(3)在某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式,尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,这似乎是一种强大的习惯。
(4)在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式,而用一般式代替,以免句子显得累赘,尤其是在口语中。
(5)动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形,但无进行意义,being不可省略。
四、常见题型:1)动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数。
2)在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词。
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语。
4)有些词后只能接动名词admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand?5)另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point? 6)有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。