北京市海淀区高考英语阅读理解训练(15)(含解析)(1)
2020届北京市海淀区普通中学联考高考英语模拟试卷解析版
高考英语模拟试卷题号I II III IV总分得分一、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，共20.0分）AI am a good mother to three children．I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent．I no longer consider myself the center of the universe．I show up．I listen．I try to laugh．I ama good friend to my husband．I have tried to make marriage vows（誓约）mean what they say．I am a good friend to my friends，and they to me．Without them，there would be nothing to say to you today．So here's what I want to tell you today：get a life．A real life，not a desire of the next promotion（提升），the bigger paycheck and the larger house．Get a life in which you are not alone．Find people you love，and who love you．And remember that love is not leisure（休闲）but work．Pick up the phone．Send an email．Write a letter．And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking it for granted．It is so easy to waste our lives，our days，our hours，and our minutes．It is so easy to exist instead of living．I learned to live many years ago．Something really，really bad happened to me，something that changed my life．If I had my choice，it would never have been changed at all．And what I learned from it is what，today，seems to be the hardest lesson of all．I learned to love the journey，not the destination．I learned to look at all the good in the world and tried to give some of it back because I believed in it，completely and totally．And I tried to do that，in part，by telling others what I had learned．By telling them this：read in the backyard with the sun on your face．Learn to be happy．And think of life as a deadly illness，because if you do，you will live with joy and passion（激情）as it ought to be lived．1.The best title of this passage probably is " ______ "．A. Love your friendsB. Live a real lifeC. Don't waste timeD. Be a good mother and wife2.How did the author form her view of life？______A. Through social experience．B. By learning from her friends．C. Through an unfortunate experience．D. From her children and husband．3.By the underlined sentence "It is so easy to exist instead of living．" in the fifthparagraph，the author really means that people tend to ______ ．A. make a living rather than live a real lifeB. work rather than enjoy lifeC. waste a lot in lifeD. forget the most important lesson in life4.What's the author's attitude toward work？______A. Do it well to serve others．B. Earn enough money to make life better．C. Try your best to get higher position and pay．D. Don't let it affect your real life．5.It can be inferred from the passage that ______ ．A. the author is a success in personal lifeB. the author doesn't try her best to work wellC. the author spends all her time caring for her childrenD. the author likes traveling very muchBWhere we live，on the eastern shore of Maryland，the gentle waters run in and out like fingers slimming at the tips．The Canada geese know this place，as do the white swans and the ducks．In autumn，they come home for the winter．Once or twice each year，snow and frozen rain move into the area ．When this happens，if the river is at its narrowest，there is a freeze which hardens the water to ice．One morning，a friend of mine set the breakfast table beside the huge window，which overlooked the Tred Avon River．Suddenly she leaned forward and cried out，"There is a goose out there．"We saw the figure of a large Canada goose，very still，its wings folded tight to its sides，its feet frozen into the ice．Then from the dark skies，she saw a line of swans．They floated from the top of the sky downward and at last landed on the ice．My friend was on her feet now，with one hand against her mouth，unbelieving．As the swans surrounded the frozen goose，she feared that life it still had might be pecked（啄）out by those great swan bills．Instead，those bills began to work on the ice．The long necks were lifted and curved down，again and again．It went on for a long time．At last，the goose's head was lifted．Its body was pulled．Then the goose was free and stood on the ice．And the swans stood in the air watching ．Then，as if it had cried，"I cannot fly．"Four of the swans came down around it．Their powerful beaks chipped off the ice held in the feathers．Slowly，the goose spread its wings as far as they would go，and moved slowly into the sky．This is a true story．I just think of it in the bad moment，and from it comes only one hopeful question：If so for birds，why not for man？6.Which would be the best title for the passage？______A. Why not for man？B. Graceful swansC. Swans' brave actD. I just couldn't believe it!7.What happened to the Canada goose？______A. It was deserted by other geese．B. It was stuck in the ice．C. It was wounded and couldn't fly．D. It was lost in the water．8.At first the author's friend was worried that ______ ．A. the swans would not help the Canada gooseB. she didn't care about this matter any moreC. the swans wouldn't identify with the Canada gooseD. the swans would peck the Canada goose to death9.What did the swans do when they saw the Canada goose couldn't fly？______A. They chipped off the ice held in its feathers．B. They waited patiently for the ice held in its feathers to melt．C. They came down and lifted it up to the sky together．D. They stayed with it and protected it．10.What would probably happen to the author's friend in the end？______A. She stood there，watching attentively，still feeling a bit worried．B. She didn't care about this matter any more．C. She was embarrassed and went on with her breakfast silently．D. She stood there quietly，not realizing tears had come down her cheeks．二、单选题（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）11.I began reading with the ________ of finishing the book，but I never did．（ ）A. interviewB. intentionC. intensityD. consideration12.He argued smoking，and insisted that it was argument that smoking was harmful to health．（ ）A. for； beyondB. against； overC. for； overD. against； beyond13.One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to ________ healthy eating habits.A. growB. developC. increaseD. raise14.Very few people ________ in losing weight these days．（ ）A. manageB. tryC. succeedD. intend15.Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still ____ the traditional customs．（ ）A. performB. possessC. observeD. support16.He didn't go into details on the subject． He just spoke ________．（ ）A. in particularB. in commonC. in shortD. in general17.They ________ how much the party would cost．（ ）A. worked outB. turned outC. figured outD. pointed out18.He ________ all of the hot water．（ ）A. used upB. gave outC. ran outD. used out19.-I think he is taking an active part in social work．-I agree with you ________．（ ）A. in a wayB. on the wayC. by the wayD. in the way20.On the exhibits were written：Not ________．（ ）A. For SaleB. On SaleC. To SellD. Being Sold21.Thank you for all your hard work last week．I don't think we ______ it without you．（ ）A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manageD. can have managed22.When ________ what his name was，he just kept silent．（ ）A. askingB. to askC. to be askedD. asked23.It is not immediately clear _______ the financial crisis will soon be over．（ ）A. sinceB. whatC. whenD. whether24.______ by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land．（ ）A. Being encouragedB. EncouragingC. EncouragedD. Having encouraged25.Being a parent is not always easy，and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ___ extra stress．A. itB. themC. oneD. him三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）It's a small gas station that has snacks，drinks，cigarettes，and candies．The young man behind the counter knows his (26) by name and what they normally want to buy．He treats children and adults with equal (27)．He reads science fiction behind the counter when business in (28)．One day，three people rushed in and grabbed food off the shelves as fast as they could，(29)not intending to pay for it．He hit the"panic button"，then went over the counter and (30) the front door．It was obvious they were homeless，and equally obvious that they weren't going (31) with their illgotten gains．They (32)the foodand simply crowded together in panic-knowing the police were (33) the way．Imagine what they must have felt like when they were told they didn't have to steal if they were that (34)．"We have food in the back，expired （到期）but still (35) to eat．If you need food ，you (36) have some．"They were told to (37) what they had dropped and put it back，and then asked to straighten out the mess．They were doing just that (38) the police arrived．The officers were told the situation was undercontrol and the police were no longer (39)．This wasn't what they had (40)．They were being treated as human beings who could right the wrong they'd done．Shocked，they quickly followed orders to take turns and use the restroom to clean up．Soon three (41) people walked out with all the (42)their arms could hold．They were (43) that ，if they needed to come back again，they were to ask and not just grab．And then the young man went back to read until the next customer came in．He would be the (44) person in the world to claim he was a hero．But he gave three people something they were in desperate need of-a (45) amount of self-respect and a little bit of hope．26. A. friends B. neighbors C. customers D. passengers27. A. respect B. pride C. wisdom D. privilege28. A. slow B. busy C. heavy D. swift29. A. bravely B. reasonably C. hardly D. obviously30. A. opened B. locked C. closed D. broke31. A. nowhere B. somewhere C. anywhere D. everywhere32. A. hid B. lifted C. swallowed D. dropped33. A. in B. on C. off D. by34. A. anxious B. cautious C. courageous D. hungry35. A. safe B. easy C. sweet D. unique36. A. must B. can C. should D. need37. A. hold up B. hand out C. pick up D. hand in38. A. when B. after C. before D. since39. A. popular B. necessary C. reliable D. important40. A. wanted B. desired C. expected D. admired41. A. dirtier B. cleaner C. cleverer D. quicker42. A. money B. cigarettes C. drinks D. food43. A. reminded B. warned C. ordered D. persuaded44. A. first B. last C. best D. worst45. A. large B. fair C. small D. full四、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）46.现在很多人喜欢在交流时使用网络语言，包括拼音或者英文字母的缩写、含有某种特定意义的数字以及形象生动的网络动画和图片．如："886"代表再见；"）"表示微笑等．就此现象，你班最近举行了一场讨论会．请根据下面的提示写一篇短文，介绍一下讨论的情况，并发表自己的看法．60%的同学认为：1．网络语言简洁，可以节约时间，加快交流；2．网络语言幽默、活泼，有助于表达思想．40%的同学认为：1．网络语言荒诞，有时难以理解；2．有些表达方式违背语法规则．注意：1．开头已经给出；2．参考词汇：荒诞的ridiculous．Nowadays，with the development of the Internet，a kind of language called Web Language has come into being．答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】C【小题3】A【小题4】D【小题5】A【解析】1 B 标题概括题．文章开头作者就强调了自己是个好妈妈，从来不会因为事业而影响自己做一位好家长．结合全文作者对生活的认识和理解可以确定，本文的标题应该是：过真正的生活．所以选B．2 C 细节理解题．由文中倒数第二段的"I learned to live many years ago．Something really ，really bad happened to me，…"我在很多年前就学会了生活，发生了一些非常非常糟糕的事情可知，作者的不幸经历使她形成了对生活的认识．所以选C．3 A 句意理解题．根据该句所在段的语境及"It is so easy to waste our lives，our days，our hours，and our minutes．"浪费我们的生命、我们的日子、我们的时间和我们的时间是很容易的等信息可知，可见作者要表达的意思是：谋生而不是现实生活，所以A项为正确答案．4 D 推理判断题．根据文章第一段中的"I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent．"我从未试图让我的职业妨碍做一个好父母．及其他有关信息可知，作者试图不让工作影响自己真正的生活．所以选D．5 A 推理判断题．根据全文的意思可知，作者由自己过去的经历得出了现在对生活的认识，说明她在个人生活方面是很成功的．所以选A．本文是一篇议论文．本文主要论述了作者认为一个真正的生活，而不是欲望的晋升（提升），更大的薪水和更大的房子．作者的人生观是要快乐的生活阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点6.【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】D【小题4】A【小题5】D【解析】1 A 标题概括题．文章讲述了一群天鹅拯救一只加拿大鹅的过程，作者由此深受启发：连鸟类都能互相帮助，为什么人类不能呢？故答案为A．2 B 细节理解题．根据第四段的内容We saw the figure of a large Canada goose，very still ，its wings folded tight to its sides，its feet frozen into the ice．我们看到一只加拿大大鹅的身影，它一动不动，翅膀紧紧地折叠在身体两侧，脚冻在冰里．可知，这只加拿大鹅被困在冰中．所以选B．3 D 细节理解题．由第五段中的As the swans surrounded the frozen goose，she feared that life it still had might be pecked（啄） out by those great swan bills．当天鹅包围着冻住的鹅时，她担心它的生命可能会被那些巨大的天鹅嘴啄出去．可知，作者的朋友担心那群天鹅会把这只加拿大鹅啄死．4 A 细节理解题．结合第六段中的Four of the swans came down around it．Their powerful beaks chipped off the ice held in the feathers．Slowly，the goose spread its wings as far as they would go，and moved slowly into the sky．四只天鹅从它周围下来．它们有力的喙削掉了羽毛中的冰．慢慢地，鹅展开翅膀，尽可能地向天空缓慢地移动．可知，它们把加拿大鹅羽毛上的冰啄掉．所以选A．5 D 推理判断题．由作者和朋友看到天鹅救加拿大鹅的整个过程和作者最后的联想可以推知，作者的朋友可能会被感动得流泪．所以选D．本文是一篇记叙文．作者和朋友偶然看到脚和翅膀被冻在河里的一只加拿大鹅被一群天鹅救出的过程．由此作者深受启发：连鸟类都能互相帮助，为什么人类不能呢？阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点11.【答案】B【解析】本题考查名词的词义辨析．intention目的、意图，with the intention of （doing）sth．目的是为了……；interview面试、采访；intensity强度；consideration考虑．根据句意，可知答案．故选：B．我每次读书都是带着读完的目的，但是我从来就没有做到过．本题考查名词的词义辨析．要求考生首先在掌握所给四个选项具体含义的基础上，然后根据句意选出正确答案．关键是同学们要注意平时的词汇积累，在具体的句子中记忆词汇，效果更好．12.【答案】D【解析】考查介词．句意：他坚持反对吸烟，认为吸烟有害身体健康是无可争辩的．argue against因反对……争辩；beyond argument无可争辩．故选：D．他坚持反对吸烟，认为吸烟有害身体健康是无可争辩的．介词的题目要认真掌握好常用介词的主要用法及动词与介词的搭配．这是考查的重点，也是做题的基础．在具体的题目中，要首先判断考查方式，是考查介词辨析，介词短语，还是带介词的定语从句，判断后再做分析．13.【答案】B【解析】句意：人们保持健康的最好方法之一是养成健康的饮食习惯。
【优质】北京海淀区高考一模英语Word解析版
海淀区高三年级第二学期期中练习英语 2014.04注意事项：1．考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
2．答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写。
3．答题卡上选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，将选中项涂满涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字母为准，修改时用橡皮擦除干净。
非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
1. Where are the speakers?A. At a bank.B. At a hotel.C. At an airport.2. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?A. Neighbors.B. Roommates.C. Friends.3. What does the man want to buy？A. B. C.4. What was the man fined for?A. Wrong parking.B. Running a red light.C. Driving too fast.5. When does the flight leave?A. At 8:30 am.B. At 9:00 am.C. At 9:30 am.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话。
每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。
听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
2022年北京市海淀区高考英语一模试卷(附答案详解)
2022年北京市海淀区高考英语一模试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共14小题，共28.0分）AOld and unrestored theatres are all around us and yet so unnoticed.A new photobook unveils their often overlooked beauty.Proctor's Theatre,Newark,New JerseyAlthough available outdoors from street sellers,food was banned in theatres to display respectability.In the late 1920s,however,the operators in Proctor′s Theatre in Newark began to set up stands to improve the economic situation during the Great Depression.Popcorn and Coke would become a significant part of the theatre′s income.Proctor's Theatre,Troy,New YorkOriginally opened as Proctor′s Fourth Street Theatre in 1914，it hosted famous comedians such as Jack Benny and Bob Hope.From 1929，it was successively taken over,renamed as Proctor′s Troy Theatre and switched to screening films.In the 1960s,it began playing second-run films before closing in 1977.It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places （NRHP）in 1979.In 2010，the theatre was repaired but is currently not being used today. RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre,New YorkOriginally opened in 1928，RKO Keith′s Flushing Theatre was designed by Thomas Lamb.In 1982，it was listed on the NRHP.In 1986，the theatre was bought and closed by its new owner who planned to build a shopping centre on the site,intentionally damaging the hall.In 2019，despite the preservation efforts,the hall was knocked down to make way for a residential tower block.Metropolitan Opera House,PhiladelphiaThe theatre was originally opened as the Philadelphia Opera House in 1908.In the 1920s,it was renamed as the Metropolitan Opera House,showing silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies.In the 1940s,it became a sports arena.In 1954，it was turned into a church.In the late 1990s,the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher.The church and the developer came to an agreement on a repair for a music venue that was completed and reopened in 2018.1.In the late 1920s,Proctor′s Theatre in Newark set up stands to ______ .A. show respect for the guestsB. increase the theatre's incomeC. promote newly released moviesD. compete with the street sellers2.What can we know from the passage？______A. RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre is well preserved.B. Proctor′ s Theatre in Troy plays second-run films now.C. Metropolitan Opera House has witnessed changes in its function.D. Proctor's Theatre in Newark has been officially listed on the NRHP.3.What is the purpose of this passage______A. To rank the old and unrestored theatres.B. To show the development of American theatres.C. To encourage people to protect the old theatres.D. To provide information on overlooked old theatres.BTo the untrained eye,a pingpong ball is just a pingpong ball.To a Beverly Cleary fan,it's two motorcycle helmets for mice.Ever since I read Cleary′s series about Ralph,the motorcycle—riding mouse,I've never looked at a pingpong ball—or the world—the same way.Amazing to think that it's been more than forty years since I checked out The Mouse and the Motorcycle from my school library in Northport,and yet that one particular image is as clear to me as ever.And why shouldn't it be It's perfect.How I wanted a mouse of my own to ride a toy motorcycle around my house!Thanks to Cleary′s genius,a talking mouse friend seemed not only possible but probable.While much of children's literature attempted to explain the world from the point of view of a wise and gentle adult,Cleary created characters who saw the world as only children can.With great interest,I read every book that bore Beverly Cleary's name.She seemed like a friend who understood me in ways I didn't yet understand myself.I've written eight children's books and have always kept Beverly′s sense of wonder in mind.I don't remember at exactly what age I decided I wanted to write books,but I know that by second or third grade,my teacher assigned a project that allowed us to focus on whatever we wanted.My best friend picked dolphins；I chose children's authors,with a large chunk of myproject being about who else Beverly Cleary!I told that story recently to a school group.One of the students said, "That's fantastic!You did your project on children′s authors and then you became one!""Yes," I said. "And my best friend who did her project on dolphins—became a dolphin!" "Really？" the students said in chorus.And that perfectly sums up why I love writing for children：the belief that fantastic,magical things can happen.Best friends can become dolphins；mice can ride toy motorcycles and become our friends.That′s what Beverly Cleaiy taught me.In the hands of a gifted storyteller,anything is possible...and so very funny.4.The Mouse and the Motorcycle impressed the author mainly because ______ .A. it recorded animals' lifeB. it revealed the wisdom of lifeC. it encouraged children to raise petsD. it described the world from children's eyes5.When learning the author's friend became a dolphin,the students felt ______ .A. amazedB. doubtfulC. scaredD. confused6.What is the passage mainly about______A. What the author created to attract children.B. What the author did to turn impossible into possible.C. How Beverly Cleary aroused children's interest in reading.D. How the author was inspired to be a writer by Beverly Cleary.CWhen a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier （冰川）on the Swiss Alps' Mount Eiger in 2017，part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect.But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche's （崩塌）critical characteristics.Low-frequency sound wayes called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar.Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice：dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers.Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice,says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. "This was different,Johnson says. "A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound."Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal,which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure.But a collapse—a sudden,rapid breaking of ice from the glacier's main body—is a prolific infrasound producer.Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches,which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice.A glacier "can become detached from the ground due to melting,causing bigger break-offs," says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti,lead author of the new study.As the threat grows,scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches,which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths.Infrasound,Marchetti says,is cheaper and can detect break-off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain.It is challenging,however,to separate a signal into its components （such as traffic noises,individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes）without additional measurements,says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. "The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for ，" she says.Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche's speed,path and volume from afar using infrasound. Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe,and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce.They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade's physical details.7.What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3？______A. Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials.B. Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions.C. Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches.D. Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places.8.Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar？______A. The combination with other relevant signals.B. The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche.C. The ability in picking up signals in wider areas.D. The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes.9.The underlined word "this" in Paragraph 4 refers to ______ .A. distinguishing different components of a signalB. detecting multiple avalanches at the same timeC. calculating the speed and path of ice avalanchesD. monitoring the specific location of ice break-offs10.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？______A. From Fire to IceB. Glacier WhispersC. Nature is WarningD. Secret of Ice AvalanchesDIn over 25 years,DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses.As a faculty member at the University of North Cai'olina,he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses.But he has never actually managed his companies.His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position.The dual roles can present huge conflicts.Conflicts of interest （COIs）occur when an individual′s personal interests—family,friendships,financial,or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment,decisions,or actions in the workplace,and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them.Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life.In most places,COI management runs on an honor system.Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators.Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals.Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict.Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict,and whether that conflict can be handled.If so,they create a management plan to address it.If not,researchers must abandon the work,partner with researchers at other institutions,or leave their university.Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict,warns Walt,a chemist at Tufts University.Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students,Walt says.But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator's company.Walt created such anarrangement to assure his students that they weren't actually working for his private companies. Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers.Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee,which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting,must recuse （要求回避）themselves from considering talks by,for example,researchers at their current and past institutions,close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties.Even differing points of view can play a part.Scacheri,a geneticist who chairs the committee,says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves："If you feel like you can't be an impartial （公正的）reviewer,that is considered a COI."Handling COIs can be burdensome.COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation,but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. "Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive," says Grewal,a COI officer at MIT.Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity."During that process," she says, "if you make some money,that′s good as well."11.The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to ______ .A. raise a questionB. report a findingC. introduce a topicD. present a theory12.To better deal with COIs ______ .A. researchers have to quit their job at the universityB. researchers should report the conflicts that possibly existC. institutions need to monitor the staff's career and relationshipsD. institutions should train researchers to create management plans13.What can we learn from the passage？______A. Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly.B. Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies.C. onference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers.D. Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer's decision.14.What can we infer from the passage______A. COIs can be defined depending on interpretations.B. COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity.C. COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains.D. COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision？There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. (1) sychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias （偏见），a tendency toward a specific mental mistake.To study "jumping"，we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population.We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. (2) In a quiz about US civics,they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did—even when their answers were wrong.So what is behind "jumping"？Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought：automatic system,which reflects ideas that come to the mindeasily,spontaneously and without effort,and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning.Jumpers and nonjumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. (3) . It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system.As a result,jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusions made at first blush without further questioning.A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.(4) A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases,which can help people think more deliberatively.In this training,participants are confronted with their own biases.They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand.It helps to chip away at participants′ overconfidence.In everyday life,the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one. (5) Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.A.Happily,there may be some hope for jumpers.B.Also,jumpers had problems with overconfidence.C.But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions.D.It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision.E.We plan to continue the work to trace other problems introduced by jumping.F.The jumpers,however,did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree asnon-jumpers.G.Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.15. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G三、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共15.0分）I was about to sleep when someone knocked on my window.Knock,knock.Then a three-second pause.Knock,knock.Immediately I knew it was my best friend,Ben.The knock(20) was our emergency call which never means anything good."What's going on" I rushed to open the window and asked.Ben climbed in. "Bad news." He gave me a(21) look,and I immediately knew what it was.My heart(22) .I gave him a nod,and he sighed in response."Where to" I asked."Virginia.""That's far from Florida."We looked at each other knowing we were thinking the same.Both Ben and I had parents in the airforce.We were used to frequent moves.Ben and I became close friends since I crashed into Ben's stand and sent plastic cups of lemonade flying into the heavens.At first,I(23) Florida.Everything changed,though,when I(24) rollerskated into Ben's lemonade stand."It must have been fate!" we claimed.But I think that,maybe,there was some(25) in thatlemonade,and that as it rained down on us,it cast a spell making us friends forever. "Maybe your family will get moved to Virginia too." Ben said."Yeah,maybe."I knew the chance was low,but I chose to hope.Ben grinned at me.Though it looked sad,I saw(26) in him too."I'll have a lemonade stand(27) for you.""Then I'll pack my roller-skates.""Then I'll wear a poncho （雨披）."We(28).The humid Florida night closed around us,and I felt a tiny drop of liquid splash on my arm.I knew it was probably rain,but still,I thought that,maybe,it was a drop of magic lemonade,because nothing on earth can break the(29)between us.20. A. sound B. pattern C. number D. symbol21. A. playful B. grateful C. cheerful D. meaningful22. A. failed B. softened C. sank D. relieved23. A. hated B. missed C. explored D. appreciated24. A. gradually B. narrowly C. constantly D. accidentally25. A. sign B. magic C. flavour D. wish26. A. hope B. joy C. courage D. support27. A. necessary B. convenient C. ready D. useful28. A. struggled B. argued C. laughed D. compromised29. A. rule B. bond C. barrier D. balance四、语法填空（本大题共3小题，共15.0分）30.Xu Mengtao,the flag-bearer for the Chinese delegation at the closing ceremony of 2022Winter Olympics,has got multiple world championships.But her road (1) glory was not smooth,since it was accompanied by many injuries.It was her passion for sports,herpersistence and determination that helped her continue and she finally (2) （win）the gold medal at her fourth Olympics.Her success goes beyond sports as it motivates both athletes and ordinary people in (3) （they）pursuit of dreams.(1)(2)(3)31.Based on AR and VR，the metaverse aims to bring people closer together in an onlinesetting,enabling them to be connected in ways they couldn't be before.Imagine (1)（attend）a meeting from the comfort of your couch,where you don't dress up,but your avatar does.You're seated at a virtual table with other people (2) reactions and bodylanguage can be judged just as well as they would be in real life.A metaverse could very likely bring these (3) （imagine）to reality,and soon.(1)(2)(3)32.Everyone has a sense of humor,but it's pretty evident that not everybody has a good senseof it.Psychologists axe divided on (1) humor is inborn or learnable.However,there is one thing that (2) （accept）universally so far—the sense of humor is uniquely human.It is associated with laughter and laughter is associated with happiness and courage.These are qualities (3) （share）with other forms of life.But if happiness is one of the goals (4) （chase）in life,then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.(1)(2)(3)(4)五、阅读表达（本大题共1小题，共12.0分）33.You might not have heard of the "fresh start effect"，but if you've ever made a New Year'sresolution,you're familiar with it.It refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed.The fresh start effect is simple.Most people want to improve themselves in someway.When we hit important milestones,we're often likely to reflect：are we where we thought we'd be by a certain age Was this year a successful year,or did we waste it？Annual landmarks like birthdays,or the start of a new year,signify a new time period and an opportunity to leave slip-ups behind and to set new goals for better behavior.Research shows that anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect.For example,people aged 29，39，49 etc.were 48% more likely to run a marathon for the first time.When they were approaching a new decade,they were more likely tosearch for meaning in their lives and try to improve themselves.The reason issimple.When we see our past self as separate from our current self,we feel it easier to introduce new goals and take action.What's interesting about the fresh start effect is that we don't need to wait for bigmilestones to take advantage of this sudden dose of motivation.Studies show that the first day of each month and even each week can also inspire us.These days,known as"temporal landmarks"，encourage us to step back and evaluate our current situation.And when we do this,we gain the motivation to be better：we become more driven and moreproductive.That is why people are more likely to start diets or exercise plans onMonday,rather than the next day.Fresh starts are exciting opportunities to learn from your mistakes and move forward.So if you're currently experiencing loss of motivation,questioning the meaning of your work,or just feel like you're stuck in a rut,why don't you use the fresh start effect in your own life？(1) According to the passage,what is "fresh start effect"？______(2) Why is it that "anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh starteffect"？______(3) Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it andexplain why.A fresh start like the first day of each week is a time when w forget about our mistakes andmove forward.______(4) Besides the fresh start effect,in what other ways do you motivate yourself in your life？（In about 40 words）______六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共20.0分）34.假设你是红星中学高三（1）班班长李华。
北京市海淀区高考英语阅读理解训练(11)(含解析)(1)
海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解训练（11）（答案）【2015高考复习】阅读理解Once when I was six years old，I saw an amazing picture in a book called True Stories from Nature about the primeval forest.It was a picture of a boa constrictor(大蟒蛇) in the act of swallowing an animal.In the book it said：“Boa constrictors swallow their prey wholly without chewing it.After that they are not able to move and they sleep through the six months that they need for digestion.”I thought deeply then over the adventures of the jungle.And after some work witha colored pencil，I succeeded in making my first drawing，my Drawing Number One.I showed my work to the grownups and asked them whether the drawing frightened them.But they answered: “Frighten? Why should anyone be frightened by a hat？”My drawing was not a picture of a hat.It was a picture of a boa constrictor digesting an elephant.But since the grownups were not able to understand it，I made another drawing.I drew the inside of the boa constrictor so that the grownups could see it clearly.They always need to have things explained.That's my Drawing Number Two.The grownups' response this time was to advise me to lay aside my drawings of boa constrictors whether from the inside or the outside and devote myself instead to geography，history，arithmetic and grammar.That is why at the age of six I gave up the dream that I might have been a great painter.I had been disheartened by the failure of my Drawing Number One and my Drawing Number Two.Grownups never understand anything by themselves and it is tiresome for children to be always and forever explaining things to them.So then I chose another profession and learned to pilot airplanes.I have flown a little over all parts of the world，and it is true that geography has been very useful to me.At a glance，I can distinguish China from Ar izona.If one gets lost in the night，such knowledge is valuable.In the course of this life，I have had lots of chances to meet with a great many people.And that hasn't much improved my opinion of them.Whenever I met one of them who seemed to me at all cl earsighted，I tried showing him my Drawing Number One which I have always kept.I would try to find out if this was a person of true understanding.But whoever it was，he or she would always say: That is a hat.Then I would never talk to that person about boa constrictors or primeval forests or stars.I would bring myself down to his level.I would talk to him about bridge，golf，politicsand neckties.And the grownup would be greatly pleased to have met such an intelligent man.【语篇导读】作者的两幅画一直都得不到人们的真正理解，他感到非常困惑，希望能遇到一个理解自己的人，但希望总是落空。
北京英语高考阅读练习附答案
北京英语高考阅读练习附答案北京英语高考阅读练习原文A Simple Lesson“Another bad day at school?” my father asked as I came into the room.“How could you tell? I didnt shut the door heavily or anything，”I replied. Over the past two months I had either done this or thrown my backpack across the room every time I came home from school. Papa thinks it has something to do with moving to a new house.“I know this move has been hard on you. Leaving your friends and cousins behind is tough，” Papa said, as he put his arm around my shoulder. “What you must remember is that, with a lot of hard work and some time, you will make new friends.”“You dont know how hard it is. This year my baseball team would have won the championship. They wont even give me a chance to pitch (投球) here. All I get to play is right field, and thats the worst!”Papa turned toward me. “Things will get better, I promise you. Let me ask you, do you know why you were named David Lorenzo?”“Yes, your name is David and grandfathers name is Lorenzo.”“Very good, and what makes your grandfather so important?”“He was the first in the family to come to this country and all that，”I answered.“That is only partly correct. Your grandfather was a very great man. In Mexico, he had been a teacher. When he came to America he could only get lowpaid labor jobs because he didnt speak the language. It took him two years before he spoke English well enough to be allowed to teach here, but he did it. He never complained because he knew change could be difficult. Did he ever tell you that?” my father asked.I looked down at my feet, ashamed at my behavior. “No. That must have been hard，” I said sheepishly.“Your grandfather taught me that if you let people see your talent, they will accept you for who you are. I want you to always remember what my father taught me, even if it takes a few years for people to see who you are，” said Papa.All I could say was, “Okay.” Then I asked, “What should I do now?”Laughing, Papa said, “How about you pitch a few to me? You need some work.”北京英语高考阅读练习题目1.Why was the author unhappy that day?A.Because he moved to a new country.B.Because his baseball team lost the game.C.Because he wasnt offered a chance to pitch.D.Because he quarreled with his friends at school.答案：C细节理解题。
2023年北京市高考英语试卷(解析版)
2023年北京市高考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1．（15分）I was always timid（羞怯的）.Being new to the school made me even （1） B ，so it was surprising I'd （2） D to anyone around me.Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on"Why I Should Not Talk in Class".That would take all night!After I got home，though.I took my time petting the cat﹣postponing the pain.When I finally sat down to （3） C ，I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.Talking kept me and my neighbours from （4） A .One paragraph down；now what？I chewed on my pencil.Aha!What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal？Without the education I was throwing away，I'd turn to theft and go to prison.When I got out，people would say，"She used to talk in class."The pages began （5） B .But when mum got home from work，I was still （6） C ，"Five pages!That's impossible!""Well，you'd better get back to work，" she said."and I want to read it when you're through."Soon after dinner，I handed the essay to mum.I half expected a（7） A ﹣at least an"I hope you've learned your lesson". （8） D ，mum laughed and laughed as she read.The next day，when Ms Black read the essay to the class，everyone laughed.I could （9） C they weren't making fun of me：they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story.My（10） B still needed some nudging（激发），but I did learn I wasn't shy in print.（1） A.freer B.shyer C.calmer D.happier（2） A.nod B.point C.listen D.chat（3） A.weep B.rest C.write D.read（4） A.learning B.playing C.planning ughing（5） A.standing out B.flying by C.breaking up D.checking in （6） A.celebrating B.longing plaining D.warning（7） A.lecture B.reason C.reward D.solution（8） A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.Instead（9） A.hope B.imagine C.tell D.predict（10） A.patience B.confidence C.tolerance D.independence 【答案】（1）﹣（5）BDCAB （6）﹣（10）CADCB【解答】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。
2021北京高考英语阅读理解真题及答案
2021北京高考英语阅读理解真题及答案Introduction:In this article, we will provide an overview of the 2021 Beijing College Entrance Examination (Gaokao) English reading comprehension section. The article aims to assist students in understanding the format and content of the exam. It also includes sample questions and answers for practice.Section 1: Multiple Choice QuestionsIn this section, students are required to read a passage and answer multiple-choice questions based on the text. The questions assess reading comprehension, vocabulary, and inference skills. Here is a sample question:Question 1:According to the passage, what is the main cause of water pollution?a) Industrial wasteb) Agricultural runoffc) Household garbaged) Oil spillsAnswer: b) Agricultural runoffSection 2: Vocabulary MatchingThis section focuses on vocabulary recognition and understanding. Students will be given a list of words and definitions. They are required to match the words with their corresponding definitions. Here is an example:Word List:1) Ambitious2) Ponder3) Benevolent4) ScrutinizeDefinitions:a) To think deeplyb) Showing kindness and goodwillc) Having a strong desire for successd) To examine closelyMatch the words with their corresponding definitions:1) Ambitious - c) Having a strong desire for success2) Ponder - a) To think deeply3) Benevolent - b) Showing kindness and goodwill4) Scrutinize - d) To examine closelySection 3: Cloze TestThis section assesses students' understanding and application of grammar and vocabulary. Students will be given a passage with missing words and they are required to choose the most appropriate word from the given options. Here is an example:Passage:Global warming is a serious issue that affects the entire planet. It is caused by the increase in greenhouse _____(1)_____ in the atmosphere. This phenomenon _____(2)_____ to rising temperatures and climate change. If we do not take immediate ______(3)_____, the consequences could be catastrophic.1) a) gas b) dust c) smoke d) liquid2) a) results b) leads c) contributes d) adds3) a) action b) reaction c) decision d) preventionAnswer:1) a) gas2) b) leads3) a) actionConclusion:The 2021 Beijing Gaokao English reading comprehension section consists of multiple-choice questions, vocabulary matching, and a cloze test. Students should practice a variety of reading materials and familiarize themselves with the question formats to enhance their performance. Remember to manage your time effectively during the exam and carefully read the instructions and passages before attempting the questions. Good luck!。
北京高考英语阅读训练题附答案
北京高考英语阅读训练题附答案北京高考英语阅读训练题(一)Although the United States covers so much land andthe land produces far more food than the presentpopulation needs，its people are by now almostentirely an urban society Less than a tenth of thepeople are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林业)，and most of the rest live in or aroundtowns，small and large.Here the traditional pictureis changing：every small town may still be very like other small towns，and the typical smalltown may represent a widely accepted view of the country，but most Americans do not live insmall towns any more.Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1argecities with their suburbs、of more than a million people each—a larger proportion than inGermany or England，let alone France.The statistics(统计)of urban and rural populationshould be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as ruraltravel by car to work in a nearby town each day.As the rush to live out of town continues.ruralareas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses，so that it is hard to say at whatmoment a piece of country becomes a suburb But more and more the typical American lives ina metropolitan rather than a small town environment.1.If now America has 250 million people.how many of them are engaged inagriculture and forestry?A.About 25 million.B.More than 25 million.C.Less than 25 million.D.Less than 225 million2.Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living inmetropolitan areas?A.United States.B.Germany.C.France.D.England.3.Whats the meaning of the word“metropolitan”in the middle of the passage?A.Of a large city with its suburbs.B.Of small and large towns.C.Of urban areas.D.Of rural areas.4.According to the passage，what can we learn about small towns in the UnitedStates?A Most small towns become gradually crowdedB.Small towns are still similar to each other.C.As the traditional picture is changing，towns are different.D.Small towns are turning into large cities5.Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb?A.Because they are the same.B.Because the rush takes place too quicklyC.Because the process is gradual.D.Because more and more Americans live in metropolitan北京高考英语阅读训练题答案1.The author______________________A.believes both of the storiesB.doesnt believe a word of the storiesC is not sure whether the stories are trueD.is telling the stories just for fun2.According to the passage，President Jackson_______________________A.couldnt draw up any documents at allB.didnt like to read important papers by himselfC.often had his assistants sign documents for himD.wasnt good at reading，writing or spelling3.According to the first story, the term "OK" _______________________A.was approved of by President JacksonB.was the title of some Official documentsC.was first used by President JacksonD.was an old way to spell"all correct4.According to the second story，the term "OK"_______________________A.was the short way to say "old Kinderhook Club"B.meant the place where President Van Buren was bornC.was the name of Van Burens clubD.was used to call Van Burens supporters in the election5.According to the second story.the term"OK"was first used_______________________A.by Van BurenB.in a presidential electionC.to organize the Old Kinderhook ClubD.by the members of the "Old Kinderhook Club"北京高考英语阅读训练题(二)1.C2.D3.C4.D5.B。
北京市海淀区清华大学附属中学2021年高中英语阅读理解专项训练专题复习及答案
北京市海淀区清华大学附属中学2021年高中英语阅读理解专项训练专题复习及答案一、高考英语阅读理解专项训练1．阅读理解Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions.The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don't receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation—a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million."It's a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue," said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who's a member of the union's negotiating committee. "This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer, who isn't regularly enjoyed every single day working on projects."Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. "I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you're in, when you're hired," says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee."And yet that happens every day in the video game world," Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. "I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half."Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors "represent less than one tenth of l percent of the work that goes into making a video game." So "even though they're the top craftsmen in their field," Witlin says, "if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that's going to create far more problems for the video game companies."（1）Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?A. It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.B. The labor contract between them had been violated.C. The negotiations between them had broken down.D. Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.（2）What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?A. It has invested a lot in its domestic market.B. It has attracted many famous voice actors.C. It has become more open and transparent.D. It has gained huge profits in recent years.（3）What are the voice actors demanding?A. Extra pay based on sales revenues.B. A non-discriminatory contract.C. A limit on the maximum work hours.D. More regular employment.（4）What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?A. They are not paid on a regular basis.B. They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.C. They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.D. They are not employed full-time.（5）What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?A. Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.B. Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in fine with the law.C. Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.D. Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B（5）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国演员工会针对配音演员酬劳协商无果的问题进行了罢工。
北京市海淀区高考英语阅读理解训练(1)(含解析)
海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解训练（1）（答案）【2015高考复习】阅读理解When you're surfing the Internet on your laptop from your dorm or home，do you know your personal details are being gathered secretly？And would you be surprised to know the information may be sold cheaply to advertisers and marketers?According to an investigation by The Wall Street Journal，all it takes is a tiny file in a computer－a single code consisting of a long series of numbers and letters －to record the computer user's age，gender，location，favorite movies and hobbies.The newspaper reports that Lotame Solutions Inc.，a New York company，uses a sophisticated (先进的) software.called “beacon”to capture what people are typing on a website.Lotame packages that data into profiles (个人资料) about individuals，only without their names，and sells the profiles to companies seeking customers.Batches of such data may be sold for a few dollars.The Wall Street Journal survey discovered that spying on Internet users is one of the fastestgrowing businesses on the World Wide Web.The “cookie”－a tiny text file put on your PC by websites or marketing firms which might be used to remember your preferences for one site，or to track you across many sites is already old news.There are new and more complex tools such as “beacons”which scan in real time what people are doing on a webpage.These beacons instantly assess the Internet user's location，income，shopping interests and even medical conditions.Millions of Internet users around the world also face unprecedented (空前的) threats.Private，sensitive，personal and business information is being gathered and sold without their knowledge.Companies insist the information they gather is anonymous and the data is used harmlessly.But the technology has grown so powerful that even some of the biggest websites in the US don't know that they were installing intrusive files on visitors' computers.These include and .Next time you visit a webpage and find an ad banner advertising something you've been planning to buy，don't be amazed that your computer can read your mind.【语篇导读】经常上网的人可能都遇到过这样的情况：浏览网页(surfing the Internet)时总是跳出一些广告，内容还都是你最近想买的商品。
2020届北京市海淀区清大附中高考英语一模试卷解析版
高考英语一模试卷题号I II III IV V总分得分一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）ALovell Camps Kids' Club in SwitzerlandLovell Camps Kids' Club is an English language Montessori style club. Children will enjoy a wonderful and safe learning experience which includes language activities, cooking, arts and crafts, singing, dancing, etc.Learning outside the classroom plays a necessary role at Lovell Camps, making children experience the outdoors. During the summer months this can include visits to local playgrounds, farms and indoor or outdoor swimming pools. Winter time gives children the chance to go skiing and play outside in the snow.Admission:The Lovell Camps Kids' Club is for pre-school children aged between 2 and 5.What’s included:Fees include:Healthy snacks and school equipment. If you choose the skiing activity, fees include transportation to and from the ski hill and professional ski instructions.Fees do not include: Ski rentals, round-trip transportation from Kids' Club to home and medical insurance.Time:Kids' Club is open from December to March and in July and August. It is closed on Mondays during the year.1.What is the special activity in summer?A. Getting close to animals.B. Swimming in the pool.C. Singing and dancing.D. Visiting farms.2.Lovell Camps Kids' Club is designed for 2- to 5-year-olds ____.A. who are good at swimmingB. who enjoy outdoor activitiesC. who want to learn skiingD. who are interested in playing sports3.For which of the following should kids pay extra?A. Medical insurance.B. Healthy snacks.C. School equipment.D. Transportation to the ski hill.BI can proudly say that last year I broke the record for the oldest person in the world to ride a roller-coaster．I'm 105，but I feel younger．Even the doctor agrees I'm in good condition ．I'm a bit deaf and my legs feel weak，but they are the only issue．I rode the Twistosaurus at Flamingo Land，which spins you round quite fast．I didn't choose to go on that．I'd have preferred a really fast one that went upside down．But I was told I couldn't ride something like that，because my blood pressure could drop and I might have some danger．I wasn't nervous - I don't get frightened of anything．I was securely fastened，so I knew I wouldn't fall out．The roller-coaster ride went on for three or four minutes，and it couldn't be a better experience．And I raised a lot of money for the Derbyshire，Leicestershire & Rutland Air Ambulance fund，which was fantastic．People were saying I'd got a place in the Guinness World Records．Later，someone came to present me with the certificate．I had it on the wall in my living room，with another one that got a year earlier．My record-breaking ways really began a couple of years ago，with the ice-bucket challenge．It turned out that I was probably the oldest person in the world to do it，and the video was very popular．After that，I stared to think about what else I could do to raise money for different charities．I'm not sure if anyone admires all the fun I'm having．They just say I'm daft and that's about it．But I've had many good days and many exciting times．I've had a really good life．I don't think I've wasted any of it．4.Why didn't the author choose to go on riding the Twistosaurus？______A. Because he was in a bad physical condition．B. Because he was told not to do so．C. Because he considered it too gentle．D. Because he thought it spun too fast．5.How did the author most probably react while riding the roller-coaster？______A. He really enjoyed himself．B. He was very worried at first．C. He couldn't think much about it．D. He got frightened as it started moving．6.What do you know about the author from Paragraph 4？______A. He was the oldest person in the world．B. He set a record the year before last year．C. He disliked showing off his success．D. He was eager to get certificates．7.What does the underlined word "daft" in the last paragraph probably mean？______A. healthy．B. strong．C. crazy．D. funny．CAbraham Lincoln，a self-taught lawyer，was elected 16th president of the United States in November 1860，shortly before the outbreak of the Civil War．Lincoln proved to be a smart military strategist and a competent leader：His Emancipation Proclamation（解放宣言）paved the way for slavery's abolition，while his Gettysburg Address stands as one of the most famous speeches in American history．In April 1865，with the Union on the brink of victory，Abraham Lincoln was killed；his untimely death made him a hero to the cause ofliberty，and he is widely regarded as one of the greatest presidents in U．S．history．On January 20，1981，Reagan took office．Only 69 days later he was shot by a would-be killer，but quickly recovered and returned to duty．His grace and wit during the dangerous incident caused his popularity to soar．At the end of his two terms in office，Ronald Reagan viewed with satisfaction the achievements of his innovative program known as the Reagan Revolution，which aimed to motivate the American people and reduce their reliance upon Government．He felt he had fulfilled his campaign pledge of 1980 to restore "the great，confident roar of American progress and growth and optimism．"When George W．Bush，at the age of 54，became the 43rd president of the United States ，it was only the second time in American history that a president's son went on to the White House．John Quincy Adams，elected the sixth president in 1824，was the son of John Adams，the second president．While John Adams had brought up his son to be president，George Bush，the 41st president，insisted he was surprised when the eldest of his six children became interested in politics，became governor of Texas，and then went on to the White House．Barack Obama served as the 44th President of the United States．His story is the American story - values from the heartland，a middle-class upbringing in a strong family，hard work and education as the means of getting ahead，and the belief that a life so blessed should be lived in service to others．With a father from Kenya and a mother from Kansas，President Obama was born in Hawaii on August 4，1961．He was raised with help from his grandfather，who served in Patton's army，and his grandmother，who worked her way up from the secretarial pool to middle management at a bank．8.Of the four presidents，who is regarded as an excellent public speaker？______A. Abraham Lincoln．B. Ronald Reagan．C. George W．Bush．D. Barack Obama．9.When Donald Reagan left the White House，he felt that ______ ．A. he regretted having been elected PresidentB. he still had much to do for the countryC. he had kept his promise to the peopleD. he was becoming more popular with the people10.Which of the following presidents took office first？______A. George W．Bush．B. John Adams．C. John Quincy Adams．D. George Bush．11.Of the four presidents，who successfully realized his American Dream？______A. Abraham Lincoln．B. Ronald Reagan．C. George W．Bush．D. Barack Obama．DBoomerang children who return to live with their parents afteruniversity can be good for families，leading to closer，moresupportive relationships and increased contact between thegenerations，a study has found．The findings contradict research published earlier this yearshowing that returning adult children trigger a significant declinein their parents' quality of life and wellbeing．The young adults taking part in the study were "more positivethan might have been expected" about moving back home - the shame is reduced as so many of their peers are in the same position，and they acknowledged the benefits of their parents' financial and emotional support．Daughters were happier than sons，often slipping back easily into teenage patterns of behaviour，the study found．Parents on the whole were more uncertain，expressing concern about the likely duration of the arrangement and how to manage it．But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today，who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities．The families featured in the study were middle-class and tended to view the achievement of adult independence for their children as a "family project"．Parents accepted that their children required support as university students and then as graduates returning home，as they tried to find jobs paying enough to enable them to move out and get on the housing ladder．"However，" the study says，"day-to-day tensions about the prospects of achieving different dimensions of independence，which in a few extreme cases came close to conflict，characterised the experience of a majority of parents and a little over half the graduates"．Areas of disagreement included chores，money and social life．While parents were keen to help，they also wanted different relationships from those they had with their own parents，and continuing to support their adult children allowed them to remain close．12.What is the finding of the previous research？______A. Boomerang children made their parents happier．B. The parents were looking forward to their children's return．C. The parents' quality of life became worse than before．D. Boomerang children never did any housework．13.The underlined word "trigger" in Paragraph 2 may be best replaced by ______ ．A. causeB. defeatC. ariseD. allow14.What is the attitude of the college graduates towards returning home？______A. They are ashamed of turning to their parents for help．B. They are glad that they could come back．C. They are doubtful about whether they should return．D. They are proud to be independent from the family．15.What can be inferred as the reason for the "boomerang children" phenomenon？______A. The children want to keep in closer touch with their parents．B. The parents are willing to provide support to their children．C. It is harder for the children to secure a satisfying job．D. There is more house work needed to be done by the children．二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Food feeds the soul．To the extent that we all eat food，and we all have souls，food is the single great united across cultures．With food，there are more opportunities to connect to memory and family and place．(1)Food as identity．French，Mexican，Chinese，and Italian cuisines each involve dozens of distinct regional foods．Every single culture and religion uses food as part of their celebrations．(2) Every season，every harvest，and every holiday has its own food，and this is true in America as well．(3) Sometimes food means living on．While the Chinese cooks who exported "Chinese" food around the world ate authentic cooking at home，the dishes they served，thus creating new cuisines entirely，were based on economic necessity．Food as pleasure．Things have changed dramatically in the past 20 years when it comes to food in France．Some of the ideas of French food life may be a performance．France is this pastoral nation where people are spending five hours a day going to 12 different markets to get their food．(4)Food as status．The introduction of global foods and brands has compounded food as a status symbol for some Chinese．(5) In China，people eat food not necessarily for taste，but for texture．You can find food from all of the provinces of China in Shanghai，as well as every kind of global food style imaginable．A．Food as survival．B．Food as community．C．It's the hardest to give up．D．The celebratory nature of food is universal．E．It is an accumulation，a function of your experiencesF．How and why you eat your food，is，of course，also very cultural．G．But food in Italy is love，then nutrition，then history，then pleasure16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）You never know what nature has prepared for you as a gift．Years ago，when walking alone on a beach in remote southwest Florida，I was so (21) to hear splashes（水溅声）comingfrom the water．As I walked in the(22) of the sounds，I saw a manatee（海牛）show its head out of the water，(23)a great snuffling（带鼻音的）breath．It seemed that it was in (24) and trying to get out of it．I'd never seen a(25)like this before．I wanted to ask for help，but there was no one(26)．So I went into the shallow water and went toward the animal．I came (27)enough to make out the manatee．Then，a second manatee，much smaller，appeared beside it．(28)，the other manatees were also moving toward me．Soon I was (29)by several manatees．I could clearly see the larger manatee (30)the little one up with her flipper（鳍状肢）and pushed it to the surface beside me．As the two slipped underwater，two other manatees moved up from behind，one on either side，(31) gently against my body as they swam past．They circled and (32)the action，this time (33)by the mother and her baby．I held my hand out touching their back as they passed me．Since they obviously enjoyed touching me，I began (34)each of them as they swam by ．I stood there enjoying the scene，(35)to move，until finally the rising tide (36)me back to the shore．Later I knew exactly what took place that morning．The manatees involved me in their celebration of a birth and I was welcome to meetthe (37)member of their family．During that unexpected scene，I felt more involved in the rhythms of (38)on our earth than ever．Each year，I head for that (39)for a quiet little birthday picnic on the shore．After all ，you never know who might(40)up for your party．21. A. frustrated B. surprised C. embarrassed D. disappointed22. A. direction B. condition C. middle D. side23. A. making out B. putting out C. coming out D. letting out24. A. force B. trouble C. loss D. action25. A. look B. feel C. scene D. smell26. A. in hand B. in sightC. in the wayD. in the distance27. A. close B. soon C. quick D. straight28. A. Luckily B. Personally C. Unexpectedly D. Sadly29. A. watched B. surrounded C. attacked D. separated30. A. turn B. eat C. throw D. hold31. A. rubbing B. preventing C. surfing D. comforting32. A. practiced B. changed C. repeated D. showed33. A. seen B. followed C. taught D. ordered34. A. moving B. hitting C. catching D. touching35. A. unwilling B. ready C. unable D. afraid36. A. invited B. forbade C. forced D. helped37. A. best B. oldest C. toughest D. newest38. A. life B. music C. world D. development39. A. boat B. hill C. beach D. manatee40. A. build B. show C. look D. step四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）41.For those who love travel，particularly rail travel，China in 1987 was a can't-misskind of place．In1987，China was still operating steam trains on some rail routes，(1) made people from many countries amazed．Bruce Connolly，a photographer from Scotland，(2) （be）one of them．Connolly first came to China in 1987，(3) （start）his continuous travellingthroughout China．Since then，he (4) （travel）to most parts of China except Fujian，Zhejiang and Jiangxi．Wherever he went，his camera remained by his side．During his journeys in China，Connolly found China very different from (5) he saw inphotographs，which showed Chinese people very religious in the way they dressed and behaved．(6) ，what he saw was that people were (7) （friend），welcoming and wore bright clothes．In the early years of his journey，most Chinese people werefascinated with foreigners visiting China，but now that has changed in cities such asBeijing and Shanghai，foreigners are no longer (8) （curious）．Another dramatic change that Connolly has felt in China is (9) ．widespread use of new technology．China has become one of the most tech-savvy（懂技术的）societies．People now do everything with (10) （they）smartphones，and use of cash is almost disappearing．五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共35.0分）42.假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学摄影展．请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信．请他提供作品．信的内容包括：1．主题：环境保护；2．展览时间；3．投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool．com．注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．3．提示：国际中学摄影展：an International High School Students Photography Show 43.假设你是红星中学高三（1）班学生李华．上周六你和同学骑共享单车去购书时看到某些不文明现象．请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以"Our Meaningful Work"为题，给校刊"英语角"写一篇英文稿件，介绍事情的整个过程．注意：词数不少于60．提示词：共享单车 shared bicycleOur Meaningful Work______．答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】B【小题3】A【解析】1.【文章大意】这篇文章主要介绍瑞士洛威尔夏令营儿童俱乐部。
北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2025届高三下学期联合考试英语试题含解析
北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2025届高三下学期联合考试英语试题注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．I was ill that day, otherwise I _______the sports meet.A．took part in B．would have taken part inC．had taken part in D．would take part in2．It's always a good idea to have a second key somewhere________ you lose the first one.A．in case B．now thatC．even though D．as long as3．—Let’s go to the cinema this Sunday morning.—I’d love to，but I ________ as a volunteer in my community then.A．will work B．have workedC．will be working D．was working4．_______ travelling expenses rising a lot, we had to change all our plans for the tour．A．As B．By C．Since D．With5．—Where are you going to hang the picture?—I haven’t decided yet. I ________ hang it in the dining room.A．might B．mustC．need D．would6．The farmer said the PLA men came to rescue timely when they _____in the snowstorm.A．were trapping B．were being trappedC．are trapping D．are being trapped7．Little about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.A．did Rose care B．Rose did careC．Rose does care D．does Rose care8．Some people suggest changing the date for the college entrance exams into ______ Saturday and Sunday of the first week of June, which I think is ______ good advice.A．/ ; / B．the; the C．the; a D．the; /9．What he liked to do was to take an idea and ______ it by finding every possible consequence.A．squeeze B．wrestleC．switch D．shrink10．Many thought that after starring in the immensely popular drama，Nirvana in Fire，Hu Ge would ________ and actively seek new roles．A．make a mountain out of a molehillB．have too many irons in the fireC．strike while the iron is hotD．put the cart before the horse11．What I love most about reading novels is ______ the authors vividly describe the characters.A．what B．whyC．how D．whom12．Around this point ______, which is humorous and full of a strong local flavor.A．the story develops B．does the story developC．develops the story D．the story developed13．—I will fix your printer right now.—Oh, ________. I’m in no hurry.A．take your time B．that’s a great ideaC．you are welcome D．I’d like to14．—What did she want to know, Tom?—She wondered we could complete the experimentA．when was it that B．it was when thatC．it was when D．when it was that15．—What a mess! You are always so lazy!—I’m not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me.A．how B．what C．that D．who16．— How can I wake up so early?—Set the alarm at 5:00 am., you will make it.A．and B．butC．or D．so17．-How can I get in touch with the travel agency, Robin?-Just surf the Internet and then call one ________ the telephone number is provided.A．with which B．in which C．of which D．by which18．I nstead of making choices for their children, liberal parents usually say, “Go where you ________ .”A．will B．shouldC．can D．must19．. The study of natural history is not something to be left to biologists. In fact, their capacity _____ the time they can spend away from their offices is very limited.A．in terms of B．in search ofC．in view of D．in spite of20．—I got beaten in the first round in the contest. I am feeling depressed.—Cheer up! You have to ________ yourself ________ to have the last laugh.A．open; up B．pick; up C．knock; up D．do; up第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2020年北京市海淀区清大附中高考英语适应性试卷(附解析)
2020年北京市海淀区清大附中高考英语适应性试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AGet involved with our researchSome of our research projects rely on the generosity of people like you.Whether it's using your home PC，taking part in a clinical trial,or simply volunteering your time for a study,you may be able to contribute to some of the ground-breaking projects which make the University of Oxford a world leader in research.Watch this space for ways in which you could get involved.Seeking poor sleepers for insomnia（失眠）researchTrouble sleeping？Researchers from the Sleep&Circadian Neuroscience Institute are evaluating different interventions aimed at improving sleep.We are looking for poor sleepers between the ages of18and65．Participation will involve spending overnights in the sleep laboratory at Oxford,monitoring your sleep/wake cycle,and completing computerised tasks.If you are interested,please contact the research team at insomnia@Volunteers with lazy eye wantedWe are looking for volunteers with a history of lazy eye to take part in our brain scanning study.We are looking for healthy volunteers aged18-45with a history of lazy eye.You will also be asked questions about your medical history to check your suitability for an MRI scan. Call01865223622for more information.Oxford Vaccine GroupThe Oxford Vaccine Group is an independent multi-disciplinary（多学科的）clinical trials group.OVG works towards the goal of developing new and improved vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults and children,enhancing the understanding of immunity and studying the epidemiology of infectious diseases.To get more information, please see the OVG website.Oxford Experimental lab for the Social SciencesThe Oxford Internet Institute,together with the Business School,is recruiting individuals to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing behavior as well as economic and political decision-making.We pay our subjects well,there are no special skillsrequired and you don't have to come to the lab in person Contact us at socialscience.study@ for more information.1.What is the main purpose of the passage？______A.To offer medical help to patients.B.To look for experienced researchers.C.To introduce new research programs.D.To recruit volunteers for research projects.2.The goal of OVG is to______．A.carry out clinical trialsB.produce better vaccinesC.learn more about infectionD.study the causes of diseases3.You can finish the experiment on your home PC if you join______．A.Oxford Vaccine GroupB.Insomnia research groupC.Oxford Experimental labD.Brain Scanning study groupBMy daughter was being thrown out of the sixth grade.The teacher said,"She may not be up to what we're trying to accomplish."He was really saying she didn't have the intelligence.I got mad because I knew she was smart,just as my father had known I was smart when I was failing in school.We had her tested.I decided to get myself tested as well,and found that the troubles she was having were exactly what I had had-dyslexia.By then I was a successful television writer,and had won an Emmy Award for"The Rockford Files."If I had known earlier that something beyond my control could explain why I was a low achiever,I may not have worked so hard in my late20s and early30s.I was writing and writing.I was working for no other reason than to hear people praise me,because I did badly in all my courses.I once asked a friend who had always gotten an A，"How long did you study for this？"He said,"I didn't.I just glanced at it."So he must be smarter.I began to ask,"What will happen to me when I'm not good at anything？" Despite my doubts,I did become successful,and people now say to me,"So you've overcome dyslexia."No.You don't overcome it,you learn to compensate for it.Some easy things are very hard for me.Most people who go through college read twice as fast as I do.I avoid dialing a phone if I can,because I sometimes have to try three times to get the number right.Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a gift,not a curse（诅咒）．Many dyslexics are good at right-brain,abstract thought,and that's what my kind of creative writing is.And I can write quickly,and can get up to15pages a day.Writing is my strength.The real fear I have for dyslexic children is not they have to struggle in school,but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school.Parents have to create victories for them, whether it's music,sports or art.You can make your dyslexic child able to say,"Yeah,reading is hard.But I have other things I can do."4.The writer decided to get himself tested as well because he______．A.wanted to know if they had the same problemB.didn't believe his daughter had the problemC.had to take a regular medical examinationD.accepted that his daughter was not smart5.We can learn from the second paragraph that the writer______．A.struggled and got better gradesB.didn't work hard when he was youngC.was praised for overcoming dyslexiaD.was thankful not knowing of dyslexia earlier6.According to the passage,a dyslexic person______．A.is less intelligentB.always fails in schoolC.reads more slowly than normal peopleD.performs worse in left-brain activities7.What can we learn from the story？______A.Clumsy birds have to start flying early.B.God shuts one door but opens another.C.Never judge a person by his appearance.D.No one can make a good coat with bad cloth.CAlthough it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing,hearing and smelling,they are still usually thought of as silent.But now,for the first time,they have been recorded making ultrasonic（超声的）cries when stressed,which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture wherefarmers listen for water-starved crops.Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem it cut.Microphones placed10centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic rangeof20to100kilohertz,which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as5metres away.A moth may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed,the researchers suggest.Plants could even hearthat other plants are short of water and react accordingly,theyspeculate（推断）．On average,drought-stressed tomato plants made35sounds an hour,while tobacco plants made11．When plant stems were cut,tomato plants made an average of25 sounds in the following hour,and tobacco plants15Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour,on average.It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is.The researchers trained a machine-learning model to recognize between the plants'sounds and the wind,rain and other noises of the greenhouse,correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut,based on the sound's intensity and frequency.Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco,for example. Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could"open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture"，the researchers suggest.They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought. "The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible（可行的）if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,"says Anne Visscher at the royal Botanic Gardens,Kew,in the UK．She warns that the results can't yet be broadened out to other stresses,such as salt or temperature,because these may not lead to sounds.In addition,there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make,so that idea remains based on guesses for now,she says.8.The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that______．A.tomato plants cry more often than tobacco when hurtB.plant sounds can be heard by plants quite far awayC.humans can hear water-hungry plants cryingD.moths like laying eggs on stressed plant9.What is Anne Visscher's attitude towards the finding of the experiment？______A.Disappointed.B.Cautious.C.Appreciative.D.Optimistic.10.Taking advantage of the new research finding,farmers can______．A.harvest crops in timeB.reduce greenhouse effectsC.diagnose plant condition fasterD.detect and remove insects easily11.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？______A.Plants get stressed Just Like USB.Sounds of Plants Detected Far AwayC.Cries of plants break Farmers'HeartsD.Plants scream in the presence of stressDThe first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart.We tried to slow it down with treatment,but it suddenly stopped beating ter,whenever I would have a case like that one,I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However,it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good.In a working paper,Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have a bad result,they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient,often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences,the fallout from second-guessing appears especially large for us.A2006study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed（开药）warfarin,the physician was about 20%less likely to prescribe later patients the blood thinner that preventsstrokes（中风）．However,if a patient was not on warfarin and had a stroke physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients.These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors.In the blood-thinner study,doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm（prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting doctors were more affected by the act of doingharm（prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting apatient）and less affected by letting harm happen（not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke）．Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed.But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine."Overreaction to Fearsome Risks"holds true for broader society.For instance,sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in2001caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark-feeding expeditions.Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and,according to the study,such a change was probably unnecessary giventhe extremely small risk of such an attack happening.Humans are likely to be influenced by emotional and often irrational（不理性的）thinking when processing information,bad events and mistakes.As much as we don't want to cause an unfortunate event to happen again,we need to be aware that a worst situation that can be imagined doesn't necessarily mean we did anything wrong.When we overthink,wefail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced.Instead,we may involuntarily overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago.Instead of second-guessing myself,I trusted my clinical instinct（本能）and stayed the course.Every one of those patients survived.You should trust your instinct in your life,too.12.The first two paragraphs suggest that______．A.bad medical outcomes affect doctorsB.delivering babies can be difficult workC.some doctors are not very experiencedD.doctors sometimes make silly mistakes13.In the blood-thinner study,doctors______．A.tend to prescribe less effective medicineB.are more concerned about the patients'safetyC.become less confident in writing a prescriptionD.believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding14.What does the underlined word"fallout"in Paragraph3probably mean？______A.ResultB.BenefitC.DifferenceD.Absence15.The author will probably agree that______．A.we should not doubt our own decisionsB.our experience will pave way for our futureC.humans are emotional and irrational on the wholeD.instincts don't necessarily lead to wrong directions二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）The way individuals collectively remember,forget,and recall event,people,places,etc,has been an important topic of research on collective memory.(1)He developed the concept of collective memory,arguing that individual memories are only understood within the context of a group through time and space.In all cases,most research on memory studies relies on long procedures.(2)They include theoretical concepts,the study of historical sources,oral histories,case studies,interviews,and surveys.For example,one group of researchers carried out several interviews to investigate younger and older American adults for three wars, namely,the Civil War,World WarⅡ，and the Iraq War.(3)Both younger and older adults recalled the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki；however,they differed in how they rated the bombings.More recently,memory study scholars tend to stress the significance of the media in shaping collective memories："Culture and individuals'memory are constantly produced through the technologies of memory."Under this perspective,research often involves content analysis of news and the use of surveys or interviews for analyzing the public memory.(4)However,developments in digital technologies in recent years have significantly influenced how we keep track of events both as individuals and as a collective."The Internet doesn't forget."The Internet has had strong impacts on memory and the processes of remembering and forgetting.(5)Analyzing different Web documents,researchers have shown that more recent past events are remembered more vividly in the present.A．Research on collective memory is often based on various aspects.B．There are a few simple things a person can do to help improve their memory.C．Maurice Halbwachs is recognized as the father of collective memory research. D．Although all Americans recalled similar events,the interpretation changed over the generations.E．Also,scholars have studied the role of journalists as collective memory agents by analyzing their stories.F．Recently developed information technologies have affected how we create,store and recall information.G．Meanwhile,it has transformed collective memory into an observable phenomenon that can be tracked and measured online.16. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）I Have Two Names Oyindasola means"Honey poured into my wealth."It's fairly common Nigerian（尼日利亚的）name,mainly used for girls.(21)，I'm known as Oyindasola but my nickname is Chelsea.Some ask why I don't use my real(22)and I tell them what my father told me：a story about him(23)Chelsea,South West London a year after I was born.I tell them that this nickname spoke to him so much that it(24)on every birthday cake of mine.When I was seven,inside the brick walls of our townhouse in New York,we decided to(25) to Nigeria.And my mother needed to know what my family there would call me.The nickname I'd been called for as long as I could(26)or the complex name on my passport？A simple question.But it tore me apart.A week later we found ourselves at an airport with groups of Nigerians speaking as we(27) for our cab.After a week of getting used to the spicier foods,and sharper scents,I fell into(28)．Soon,my memories of Disney in America were(29)with sounds of Nigerian music.My tongue grew heavier with Nigerian(30)，and the words shared between my mother and grandmother in their native tongue finally(31)．But,I still wasn't Nigerian enough.Their unfriendly looks and(32)were a constant reminder of who I was：an American girl with the westernized name.So I wasn't(33)sad when my mother announced our back to America for her work.On the first day of middle school in America,(34)coursed through me because I knew my birth name wouldn't(35)the attendance list just as I couldn't fail to draw others'attention.I was(36)when the teacher mispronounced my painfully long name and my classmates laughed. But with every passing year,came new(37)．Every new attendance roll（考勤）call was responded with a braver voice and a(38)smile.That long name,mispronounced or not,is mine.The Nigerian accent slipping through is mine.Who I am is simple：a Nigerian girl with(39)to the American dream,a girl with two(40)and two names.21. A.Luckily B.Frankly C.Legally D.Obviously22. A.origin C.identity D.signature23. A.visiting B.describing C.abandoning D.leaving24. peted B.happened C.passed D.appeared25. A.drive B.move C.pace D.walk26. A.imagine B.predict C.remember D.survive27. A.headed B.answered C.changed D.turned28. A.conversations B.chaos C.desperation D.routine29. A.connected B.replaced C.faced D.decorated30. A.recreation B.lifestyle C.accent D.diet31. A.made sense B.took shape C.died away D.ran out32. A.gifts B.decisions C.negotiations D.remarks33. A.rarely B.really C.perfectly D.nervously34. A.anxiety B.disappointmentC.rudenessD.shock35. A.form B.throw C.ruin D.escape36. A.guilty B.regretful C.embarrassed D.confused37. A.sympathy B.confidence C.generosity D.honesty38. A.kinder B.weaker C.wider D.friendlier39. A.reaction B.objection C.response D.access40. nguages B.advantages C.degrees D.occupations四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）41.A Books were my true friends back then I was so(1)（thank）that the authors wrotethose books.The kindness they offered me with their books saved my life.Aftersurviving terrible experiences at school and at home,I(2)（make）a choice to take the optimistic,positive road in the next steps of my journey.My dream career,one I thought was only possible for the authors I loved is what I am doing now.I have been a full-time author of teen novels since2007and am grateful(3)this amazing opportunity to reach out to readers every single day.B Robots have certain advantages compared to humans：They are efficient,tireless,can be repaired when(4)（damage）and they never get sick.This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19pandemic.While thousands of medical workers have fallen ill(5)（deal）with this highly infectious virus and a lot more are forced to stay at home for fear of getting the disease,this isn't a problem forrobots.This is(6)the COVID-19outbreak is seen as the"tipping point"for robots tostart to replace humans in certain jobs.CAnimal Crossing：New Horizons attracts numerous young gamers globally.It's a low-pressure life simulation（模拟）game(7)gamers are free to fill the days however they like.Gamers can do anything they want,including checking in with friends and interacting with many animal(8)（assist）．Days(9)（spend）on an island catching fish,picking fruit and growing crops.The informal,conflict-free format of the game sets it apart from other popular games,but without a doubt it successfully delivers joy and faith to the public during this time of social distancing,with(10)（it）simple and warm features.五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共35.0分）42.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国好友Jim得知北京开展垃圾分类活动，发来邮件询问相关信息，请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1、垃圾分类的相关信息（分类标准、社区宣传……）；2、你对垃圾分类的看法．注意：1．词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．Dear Jim,_______Yours,Li Hua43.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华．你们学校上周组织了一场"校园运动周"活动．请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程．注意：词数不少于60．提示词：踢毽shuttlecock kicking跳绳rope skipping抖音Tik Tok答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】B【小题3】C【解析】（1）D．写作意图题。
北京市海淀区高考英语阅读理解训练(1)(含解析)
海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解训练（1）（答案）【2015高考复习】阅读理解When you're surfing the Internet on your laptop from your dorm or home，do you know your personal details are being gathered secretly？And would you be surprised to know the information may be sold cheaply to advertisers and marketers?According to an investigation by The Wall Street Journal，all it takes is a tiny a computer－a single code consisting of a long series of numbers and letters－to record the computer user's age，gender，location，favorite movies and hobbies.The newspaper reports that Lotame Solutions Inc.，a New York compan y，uses a sophisticated (先进的) software.called “beacon”to capture what people are typing on a website.Lotame packages that data into profiles (个人资料) about individuals，only w ithout their names，and sells the profiles to companies seeking customers.Batches of such data may be sold for a few dollars.The Wall Street Journal survey discovered that spying on Internet users is one of the fastestgrowing businesses on the World Wide Web.The “cookie”－a tiny text on your PC by websites or marketing firms which might be used to remember your preferences for one site，or to track you across many sites is already old news.There are new and more complex tools such as “beacons”which scan in real time what people are doing on a webpage.These beacons instantly assess the Internet user's location，income，shopping interests and even medical conditions.Millions of Internet users around the world also face unprecedented (空前的) threats.Private，sensitive，personal and business information is being gathered and sold without their knowledge.Companies insist the information they gather is anonymous and the data is used harmlessly.But the technology has grown so powerful that even some of the biggest websites in the US don't know that they were installing intrusive files on visitors' computers.These include and .Next time you visit a webpage and find an ad banner advertising something you've been planning to buy，don't be amazed that your computer can read your mind.【语篇导读】经常上网的人可能都遇到过这样的情况：浏览网页(surfing the Internet)时总是跳出一些广告，内容还都是你最近想买的商品。
北京市海淀区高考英语阅读理解训练(14)(含解析)(1)
海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解训练（14）（答案）【2015高考复习】阅读理解A survey sponsored by an international temporary service agency found that U．S.executives believe that people with a sense of humour do better at their jobs，compared with those who have little or no sense of humour.In fact，a whopping 96 percent of those surveyed said people with a sense of humour do better.The survey went on to point out that the results suggest that a sense of humour may help lighthearted employees keep their jobs during tough times.And，what's more，it may propel them up the corporate ladder past their humourless colleagues. Why？It seems that those with a sense of humour are better communicators and better team players.Studies have shown that happy workers are more productive.In fact，a researcher at California State University found that humour could help the employees to release tension.Consequently，they can concentrate on their work more efficiently.What's more，employees who enjoy interacting with their coworkers aren't as likely to be distracted，or absent from work.Research conducted by psychologist Dr Ashton Trice at Mary Baldwin College in Virginia showed that humour helps us think.When people feel stuck on important projects，they tend to feel angry or depressed.This negative mood can interfere with subsequent performance.According to Dr Trice's research，taking time out to laugh can help us to get rid of negative feelings and allow us to return to a task or move on to another project unaffected by past defeat.If humour is really this important，then why don't we use it more often on the job?Most likely，the main reason is that many people are unaware of the positive effects of humour in the workplace.They tend to think humour and laughter are unproductive or unprofessional，perhaps both.However，it is important to realize that some humour is inappropriate for the workplace，and that it is often used at wrong times.【语篇解读】本文是一篇时文报道。
北京市海淀区高考英语阅读理解训练(10)(含解析)
海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解训练（10）（答案）【2015高考复习】阅读理解We may have hosted some difficult house guests once or on even more occasions. Are you still worrying about how to deal with them? Here below are some tips on how to deal with those difficult house guests.You've been waiting an hour to eat breakfast but your guests are still sleeping.“Unless you adjusted a time for breakfast the evening before, let your guests sleep in and enjoy your breakfast without them. If possible, keep their breakfast warm. Or better yet, when entertaining it's always a good idea to have cold breakfast (as well as lunch, dinner and snack ) food onhand. ”——Pamela Eyring, president and director of The Protocol School of Washington Your guest's teenage son is a Facebook addict and hogs your computer all day long.“If you have a guest whose fingers are fixated on your keyboard, kindly let him know that you are expecting work email and give him enough time to finish using it. ”——Ummu Bradley Thomas, founder of the Freddie Bell Jones Modeling & Finishing School, Inc.Your couch surfing, unemployed nephew has been here a month and is showing no sign of leaving.“There is nothing wrong with saying ‘John, you have been here a month and have not put in any applications. What can I do to help you get your resume together? I would like to make a plan that will assist you in getting back on your feet and allow me to eventually have my extra room back for guests that will soon be arriving. ’”——Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas Your guests expect you to accompany them to every single tourist attraction in your city. It's tiring and expensive.“If your guests didn't offer to treat you, politely decline and offer to meet them afterwards for dinner or drinks. That way they know you enjoy their company. ”——Pamela Eyring, president and director of The Protocol School of Washington You gave your friend a closet shelf for her stuff but her clothes are thrown all over the place.“You should simply say ‘ I am happy to have you use my closet but your clothes seem to have a mind of their own. Would you mind keeping your clothes on the top shelf? It would make it easier for me to find my things when I am in a rush and looking for them. Thank you. ’”——Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas 【语篇解读】当家里来了难缠的客人时，该怎样应对呢？本文为大家提供了一些建议。
北京市海淀区高考英语阅读理解训练(5)(含解析)
海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解训练（5）（答案）【2015高考复习】阅读理解The hottest“green”toy in Germany isn't made of organic or recycled materials.This one has a solar panel and only runs if kids remember to insert bright red “energy stones”that power the space station.Germany，a pioneer in many renewable energy initiatives，is also at the forefront of creating environmentfriendly toys aimed at making kids think about where energy comes from and how much of it they can use，raising awareness through play.A number of hightech green to ys are on display at this year's Nuremberg toy fair，which runs through Sunday.Among them，there are hydroelectricpowered(水电动力的)toy cars，and doll houses with wind turbines and rainwater catchers.The bright green “Future Planet”space station features an inner atrium(中庭)with a fan that is powered by a functioning solar cell.Its aim is to get kids to use their imagination about how energy will be created in the future.Makers and retailers believe such toys will play an increasingly important role in their future—and that of our kids.“Energy is the question of the future and we are definitely thinking about this as we move ahead，”said Judith Schweinitz，a spokeswoman for Playmobil，maker of the solar panelfitted space station.“It is increasingly being brought into our play concept.”Green toys—which range from those made of sustainable materials to ones like the space station that just raise environmental awareness—make up only a sliver of the $ 84 billion international toy market，but their share is growing，studies indicate.Environmental research firm Earthsense，based in Syracuse，New York，predicts that green toys will account for about $ 1 billion，or 5 percent of U．S.toy sales in the next five years.Parents are smart and they want information about what's in the product.That's what's really driving the market.【语篇解读】本文向我们介绍了德国研制的“环保”玩具的最新情况，该研究的目的是提高儿童节能环保的意识。
2023北京市高考英语真题试卷(含解析)
2023北京市高考英语真题试卷(含解析) 2023年北京市高考英语试卷第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was always timid(羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even ____1____ , so it was surprising I’d ____2____ to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat﹣postponing the pain.When I finally sat down to ____3____, I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.Talking kept me and my neighbours from ____4____. One paragraph down; now what? I chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal? Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began ____5____.But when mum got home from work, I was still ____6____, “Five pages! That’s impossible!”“Well, you’d better get back to work,” she said. “and I want to read it when you’re through.”Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to mum. I half expecteda____7____﹣at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”. ____8____, mum laughed and laughed as she read.The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could ____9____ they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. My____10____ still needed some nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.1. A. freer B. shyer C. calmer D. happier2. A. nod B. point C. listen D. chat3. A. weep B. rest C. write D. read4. A. learning B. playing C. planning D. laughing5. A. standing out B. flying by C. breaking up D. checking in6. A. celebrating B. longing C. complaining D. warning7. A. lecture B. reason C. reward D. solution8. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Instead9. A. hope B. imagine C. tell D. predict10. A. patience B. confidence C. tolerance D. independence第二节(共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。
2021年北京市海淀区高考英语模拟试卷及答案解析
2021年北京市海淀区高考英语模拟试卷一．语法填空（共1小题，满分15分，每小题15分）1．（15分）At about 4 years old，I decided to go to Disneyland. For most young kids，it's a normal request，（1）not for a boy suffering from cerebral palsy（脑瘫）. Luckily，I had people around to help me. It was all because of people like my parents，brothers，teachers and doctors （2）I was able to grow so much，both physically and mentally.Over the next three years，I（3）（work）with physical doctors and practiced walking，standing and balance﹣all （4）（skill）needed to make my goal a reality.One day in 2008，as I stood in the tunnel leading into Main Street. Dad asked me if I wanted any help. I（5）（instant）replied "no" and then gathered up all my（6）（strong）and straightened out. Step，bump，step，bump. Eventually I made it to（7）end，where my mom was waiting （8）tears in her eyes and was ready（9）（hug）her son and tell him how proud she was. （10）（look）back on that experience，I realize something pretty valuable.Every once in a while，life will throw a few bumps in the road.Though it may set you back for a bit，don't let it stop you. Your efforts will pay off in time.二．完形填空（共1小题，满分30分，每小题30分）2．（30分）Coronavirus（冠状病毒）is not only a globally terrible story，but a window to people's soul. Coronavirus erupted in many countries and resulted in a great number of deaths，leaving the world（1）.To control the spread，the Spanish government （2）announced lockdown（防范紧闭）and（3）people to stay at home.With the 80﹣year﹣old birthday（4），Charo intended to prepare for it，which fell just days after the（5）. At the thought of the lockdown，（6），the urge to celebrate it wasn't as particularly strong as ever.On the birthday，having her simple meal，she was called out by her neighbor when she was a bit （7）. With the door opened，Charo was（8）to find there was nobody，but a gift. It was a cake with a birthday candle that was（9）placed on a table outside her front door! She was （10）. Who could remember the special day？Her friends and neighbors，who were familiar with her，had moved away.As Charo（11）up the cake and stepped out to find the visitor，her neighbors第1 页共29 页。
北京市海淀区2021高考英语阅读明白得训练（15）（含解析）(1)
海淀区2021高考英语阅读明白得训练（15）（答案）【2021高考温习】阅读明白得What is the most popular food in western countries? If you are not sure, statistics might give you the answer.Every year，some 20 million people walk into restaurants and buy 2 billion sandwiches. Americans alone eat more than 1 billion sandwiches annually. If you lined up all the sandwiches Westerners eat in a year, they would go around the world 13 times!When John Montagu made the very first sandwich in England in 1762, he couldn't have imagined that it would still be very popular almost 250 years later. There is a campaign starting this month in the US to find the healthiest and best tasting sandwich in the country.Sandwiches are commonly carried to school or work in lunch boxes or brown paper bags to be eaten for lunch. They are also taken on picnics and hiking trips. Their longlasting popularity lies in their convenience and fast preparation time.You can put everything you want inside a sandwich. They are easy to clean up after, nutritious and come in hundreds of different kinds.Wellknown American chef Dave Lieberman adds another reason.“I think people like to touch their food, kids especially. It's just a natural instinct. You don't have to use a knife and fork to eat a sandwich，” he said.Sandwiches can be hot or cold with almost any kind of filling. One of the most popular kinds is the BLT—bacon，lettuce and tomato. Although it is a simple food, it can still be creative. Sandwiches can be served openfaced, with sushi inside or grilled with delicious fillings.【语篇解读】西方国家最普遍的食物是什么？当约翰在英格兰做出第一份三明治时，他可不能想到在几乎250年后的今天三明治仍然大受欢迎。
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海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解训练（15）（答案）【2015高考复习】阅读理解What is the most popular food in western countries? If you are not sure, statistics might give you the answer.Every year，some 20 million people walk into restaurants and buy 2 billion sandwiches. Americans alone eat more than 1 billion sandwiches annually. If you lined up all the sandwiches Westerners eat in a year, they would go around the world 13 times!When John Montagu made the very first sandwich in England in 1762, he couldn't have imagined that it would still be very popular almost 250 years later. There is a campaign starting this month in the US to find the healthiest and best tasting sandwich in the country.Sandwiches are commonly carried to school or work in lunch boxes or brown paper bags to be eaten for lunch. They are also taken on picnics and hiking trips. Their longlasting popularity lies in their convenience and fast preparation time.You can put everything you want inside a sandwich. They are easy to clean up after, nutritious and come in hundreds of different kinds.Wellknown American chef Dave Lieberman adds another reason.“I think people like to touch their food, kids especially. It's just a natural instinct. You don't have to use a knife and fork to eat a sandwich，” he said.Sandwiches can be hot or cold with almost any kind of filling. One of the most popular kinds is the BLT—bacon，lettuce and tomato. Although it is a simple food, it can still be creative. Sandwiches can be served openfaced, with sushi inside or grilled with delicious fillings.【语篇解读】西方国家最普遍的食物是什么？当约翰在英格兰做出第一份三明治时，他不会想到在几乎250年后的今天三明治仍然大受欢迎。
三明治里面的馅各种各样，冷热均可食用。
虽然三明治做法简单，但仍然具有创新性。
三明治可以做成露馅的单片吃，可以在里面放入寿司，还可以加入美味馅烤着吃。
36．The author intends to________.A．tell us the histor y of sandwichmakingB．introduce a popular food in the WestC．show how sandwiches are madeD．explain why westerners like sandwiches答案 B [主旨归纳题。
根据文章第一句话“What is the most popular food in westerncountries？”可以归纳出本篇文章的主旨大意。
]37．What is the main reason for the popularity of sandwiches?A．They are healthy and delicious.B．They have a history of about 250 years.C．They are fast and convenient.D．They can be served either hot and cold.答案 C [细节判断题。
根据文章第四段最后一句话“Their longlasting popularity lies in their co nvenience and fast preparation time.”可知，答案选C项。
] 38．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A．Sandwiches are usuall y eaten with a knife and fork.B．Children don't like sandwiches so much as the adults.C．Americans started a campaign against sandwiches.D．People are trying to make sandwiches more nutritious.答案 D [细节判断题。
根据文章第三段最后一句话“There is a campaign starting this month in the US to find the healthiest and best tasting sandwich in the country.”可知，答案选D项。
]39．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A．There are many kinds of sandwiches.B．The sandwich is a simple food.C．The BLT is the most popular.D．Sandwiches are mostly openfaced.答案 A [主旨大意题。
根据文章最后一段最后一句话“Although it is a simple food，it can still be creative.Sandwiche s can be served openfaced，with sushi in side or grilled with delicious fillings.”可知，三明治有荤素两种，具有创造性，故答案选A项。
]阅读理解From good reading we can derive pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are chee rful,and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. Whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble human friends whom we hold 学科网 or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. When human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement. One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our heart's desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb lofty mountains, brave the perils of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mingle with the gay throngs of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.16. Why is it that we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity w hile reading?A. No one has come to disturb you.B. Everything is so quiet and calm around you.C. The book you are reading is so interesting and attractive.D. Your book is overdue; you are finishing it at a very fast speed.17. How would you account for the fact that people like their acquaintances in books even more?A. They resemble human friends exactly.B. They are unfamiliar types we like.C. The y never desert us.D. They never hurt our feelings.18. Which of the following is true?A. Your wish to visit some far-off place can be realized through the pages of thebooks.B. To escape from the dull realities of everyday life you should take up reading.C. Books can always help you to live a colorful life.D. You may obtain valuable experience from reading good books.19. The word “weary” means ______.A. “to attract someone’s attention”B. “to distract someone’s attention”C. “to make someone very tired”D. “to make someone interested”20. “... the whole world is ours for the asking” implies that ____________.A. in books the world is more accessible to usB. we can ask to go anywhere in the worldC. we can make a claim to everything in this worldD. we can make a round-the-world trip free of charge[全解全析]本书主要讲读好书的益处。