文都教育07大学英语四六级讲义_四级写作

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大学英语四级作文讲义

1. Young people may find going abroad appealing because they really enjoy it. (空洞句) Young people may find going abroad appealingbecause we can learn a lot and broad oue view ina different counties.2. The reason I like surfing the Internet because it is my favorite hobby. （句子碎片）The reason why is that ………It is widely accepted/ believed thatIt goes without saying that3. Mobile phone is very common in our society, about 1/3 of city dwellers have become accustomed to using it.Mobile phone is very common in our society and about 1/3 of city dwellers have become accustomed to using it（标点）4. Some students did not choose their courses wisely, consequently, their credits for college admission were inadequate.Some students did nit choose their course wisely ,consequently; (分号)5. I kept on thinking about failing in NINEM for MA/MS in last year. Why? Because of the time.Because of the time is limited. （从句不可以成为主句）6. I am going to have a lot of activities during the summer vacation. For example playing in the field, climbing the mountain, and traveling by train.for example 后一般只跟一样东西such as 可以在后面加许多7. College students doing part-time jobs is good to his family, himself and the society.to their family theirselves and the society(错误指代)8. I will meet with lots of difficulties, but I think I can overcome it. (faulty reference)9. Finding a good apartment is as difficult as to pay the rent.10. The canteen should setup several televisions. Improvement of the Sentence Writing1. Many people think birth control is quite necessary in China.2. Many Chinese people have gone to the United States in the past 15 years.3. Such belief is wrong and dangerous.As a matter of fact ,such belief is unfortunately wrong and possible dangerous (副词)4. There are two reasons for the effect.There are two possible resons fot the this dangerous effect (形容词)5. I think we can take three measures to solve the problem.Three measure , I think can be taken to solve the problem. （插入语）6. It seems that the first part is better written than the other parts.the first part ,it seem s is better than the other parts（插入语）7. We are making great efforts to improve our English. Great efforts are being made to improve （多用被动语态)8. Because of social demands, there appear many evening schools.Many eveing schools are made called to existence by social demands(多用被动语态)9. Diplomas are very attractive because it is demanded by our society.Why are these diplones so attractive and charming ?The reason for this is that it is (无中生有)10. English studying is very common because it is widely used in our society.11. Living in the countryside is the best thing for me.Nothing could be better for me than living in the countryside(反问陈述)12. Whenever you pick up a newspaper, you will always find advertisements.It is impossible to pick up an newspaper without fing ads13. We can see from the above graphs that from 1990 to 1995 the price of meat was on the rise, while consumption increased.14. Although we hold different attitudes towards opportunity, no one should neglect its importance.Different as the attitudes one ,no one (as的作用)15. As is shown by the two graphs, from 1800 to 1900, with the rapid growth of U.S. population, the number of species no longer existing shot up, adding up to 70 in 1990.During the period of the time from16. Pollution is an extremely serious problem：the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.17. Beijing has won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Game! Many college students could not sleep that night because they were so excited.18. Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty.19. The style of living has become more and more popular and accepted by more and more young people.20. More and more people agree (realize/are aware) that women should enjoy full equality with men.21. Teachers are called “engineers of human soul”.22. Does television have more advantages than disadvantages?23. I am in favor of equal rights for women. I think women should especially have the right to compete with men for jobs on equal terms. They should get the same pay as men for the same job. They should also have equal opportunities for promotion.24. True friends will be very proud of your progress. If you face difficulties true friends will encourage you.①空洞句②句子碎片③标点④分号⑤从句不可成为主句⑥破折号⑦错误指代⑨平行结构⑩被动⑾要用人做主语⑿形容词和副词⒀插入语⒁无中生有⒂⒃陈述⒄冗余结构⒅反面绪论的句型————文章的开头段部分第一类：选择题型的开头For most people today, ____________has become their main source of__________, but as forme, __________should be regarded as a better source.There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of____________. Somepeople suggest that, while others argue that____________, l agree with the latter.It is a quite controversial argument whether_____________. In my opinion, l think that____________is a better idea because of_____________.It is often difficult for some people to decide whether ___________. But for others, the advantages of__________ always outweigh the disadvantages.From my point of view it is more advisable to choose______________ rather than____________.People differ greatly in their attitudes towards this problem. Some people hold the opinion that____________. Others, on the contrary, maintain that ____________. Personally, I stand on the side of____________.Despite the fact that most of them like____________, I would like to choose to_____________. 第二类：判断题型的开头赞成类l agree with the statement to some extent that ___________.I can see both advantages and disadvantages to_____________. Overall, l think it is a good idea. Consequently I agree with the title statement that________________.I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that______________.Many people advocate that___________, they claim that_______________, my opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons.At first glance, it seems very difficult for us to draw a definite concIusion that_______________is right or wrong, because it has both advantages and disadvantages.However, after serious considerahons we can see that under most cireumstances _____________ will do more good than harm.Two different opinions obviously exist to support and to oppose. After pondering theopinions from several aspects, personally, I agree with the idea that____________.反对类Nowadays, the problem of _____________has aroused public attention. Some peoplecriticize that. They believe that____________. However, I firmly objectto this argument.Until recently, ______________ was viewed as the prime argument, but people are taking a fresh look at it.Although it is an admirable idea, ____________ is not always a realistic option.Thinking logically, I can only say that this statement is valid because.Some people think that_______________, frankly speaking, I cannot agree with their opinion for the reasons below.To make it an extreme, the majority would argue that __________．It is essentialFor______________.第三类：论述题型的开头One of the hottest topics many People talk about now is___________.It has become apparent to us that______________.____________ plays a vital part in everyone's daily work and life.In the past few years, there has been a growing trend that____________.One of the universal issues thet draw growing concern is_____________._______________. This view has been shared now by more and more people.____________ is known as one of the most serious problems in today's society. We can see it almost everywhere. This phenomenon is the result of several reasons.With the development of society, _____________.In recent years, many cities have been faced with the serious problem of___________.One of the great writers once said that__________. Now it still has a realisticsignificance.When asked about ___________,people have al1 kind of views concerning it. From mypoint of view, ____________.本论的句型————文章的理由段部分承上启下的过渡句型In my opinion, the phenomenon __________is mainly due to several factors.A number of reasons may help at this point.This quite different view is based on the propensity of following points.Putting too much emphasis on ___________ may result in obscuring other facts.To assume that ________ is destined to miss the following points.The reasons and examples 1isted below will strengthen my point of view.阐述理由的句型The main problem with this argument is that ___________.The root cause for __________ is____________.The most immediate reason for ___________ is ___________.One of the factor accounts for is that _____________.举例This offers a typical instance of ____________.Take __________ for example.We may cite a common example of ___________.结论的句型——文章的结论部分In short,___________. In sum,___________.In summary, ___________. In a word, __________.Taking into account of all these factors, I think that ___________.Based on the points discussed above, we can see ___________.With the improvement of ___________, ___________ will prove to hold great superiority over ____________.From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that _________. There are a lot of details to consider, but al1 in all, I support the idea that _________.While it is true that the argument I disagree hold a little bit of water, I think that ____________. 问题解决提出解决方案Measures must be taken toIt is high time we had toIt is pressing/indispensable/essential that proper actions/effective measures should be taken to Great efforts should be put into/focused onWe need to take a fresh/clear look/view at this matter/problem/situation /in a new perspective/ from a new standpoint.最佳、最重要解决方案的句型What we can do is simply toThe best approach/solution to … isIt is urgent/pressing/significant/practical/feasible to应用文常用句型常见辩论话题理由1．SmokingFor：1．it is pleasurable and relaxing2．it is one's right3．it is difficult to stop smoking4．it is an old custom going back hundreds of years5．it is not always dangerous to one's health6．it makes socializing easier7．it is an important source of tax revenue8．intoxication is a natural drive (e.g., coffee, drugs, alcohol)Against:1．it is harmful to one's health (e.g., heart disease, bronchial trouble, lung cancer )2．it is harmful to those nearby3．it is a dirty and expensive habit4．it is addictive (i.e., nicotine)5．it is quickly being banned in public areas6．it lives off deceptive advertising2．School UniformsFor：1．they build character2．they eliminate class differences3．they allow students to better concentrate on their studies4．they are popular with parents and administrators5．they are inexpensive6．they are attractive and neat7．they eliminate the need to choose what to wear every day8．many countries have themAgainst：1．they lead to conformity2．they are disliked by students (students like to primp)3．they create a military mentality4．they are an infringement on our freedom (different strokes for different folks) 5．they are ugly and childish6．they deprive youths of an important choice: what to wear7．they are losing popularity everywhere3．Legalized GamblingFor：1．it reduces taxes2．it is a source of government revenue3．it is gaining popularity in the world4．it is an old practice dating back thousands of years5．it is pleasurable (e.g., horse racing, casinos)6．it is voluntary7．many people play poker and mahjongAgainst：1．it is banned in most countries2．it is condemned by most religions3．it can become addictive4．it encourages people to throw away their hard-earned savings5．it teaches people not to work for money6．it can destroy happy families7．it can lead to suicide8．it is easily controlled by the Mafia (e.g., bookmakers )4．City LifeFor：1．it is exciting2．it attracts people from the countryside3．it offers the best schools, hospitals, and stores4．it offers many amenities (e.g., swimming pools, bowling alleys, and sports stadiums ) 5．it offers many chances of employment6．its noise and overcrowding are hardly noticeable7．cities have an efficient public transportation system8．city planners can create a good living environment 9．crime can be found in the countryside as wellAgainst ：1．it is unhealthy (e.g., water and air pollution )2．it is not a good environment for children3．it is devoid of Nature and distinct seasons4．it is noisy and dangerous5．it makes people nervous and even neurotic6．it has created awful slums7．cities are overcrowded and expensive8．many city dwellers long to return to the countryside 9．city housing projects are unpopular5．Informing Patients Of CancerFor：1．patients want to know2．it is wrong to hide the truth3．it is not a shock for the patient but for his family4．it gives the patient a chance to plan his last days5．it is the patient' s body, not the doctor' s6．doctors are for it (in the U. S.)7．it allows a person to choose alternate means of treatment Against：1．it is heartless and cruel2．it may make the patient give up3．it causes depression4．it can lead to suicide5．most relatives are against it6．a white lie can save undue suffering7．doctors are against it (in Japan)6．Social SecurityFor：1．the state should help the poor, aged, unemployed, and sick 2．the state should provide good health care for its citizens 3．the strong must help the weak4．Social Darwinism is outdated5．there will always be social misfits that need help6．all religions stress charity7．all advanced countries have some form of social securityAgainst ：1．it costs too much2．it encourages laziness and destroys the work ethic3．it does not work efficiently4．people should look after themselves5．it results in heavy taxes6．Social Darwinism tells us that life is the "survival of the fittest" 7．there are no freebies in life7．CoeducationFor ：1．it is natural (i.e., adult society is not segregated )2．it gives men and women a chance to better understand one another 3．it gives men and women a chance to compete with one another 4．it is the modern trend5．it has many practical advantages (e.g., school plays, music groups) 6．it produces well-adjusted adults7．most parents prefer coeducation.8．separate schools foster sexual rivalry9．women become neurotic in all-women' s schoolsAgainst ：1．women do better academically in their own colleges2．women are in college to get an education, not a husband 3．women have their own values to develop4．it can lead to intimacy and promiscuity5．it is still rare in some countries6．it is opposed by some parents7．it robs women of their self-confidence8．separate schools have existed for centuries9．marry great men and women attended separate schools8．Corporal PunishmentFor ：1．children are not adults2．children respect discipline3．it is a check on excessive permissiveness4．it does no permanent damage because children are hardy creatures 5．it is opposed only by mixed-up psychologists6．it is a form of training7．it builds real character8．it reinforces the authority of teachers and parents9．it works to control juvenile delinquency10. there is the saying: Spare the rod and spoil the childAgainst ：1．it is barbarous2．Freud said it is wrong3．love is better than physical punishment4．it can cause psychological problems5．it is not necessary if children are raised correctly6．it is an emotional, irrational response7．it can result in a lawsuit8．beatings have been known to result in death9．there is the saying : Violence begets violence9．Organ TransplantsFor ：1．they prolong life2．they are supported by the medical profession3．they enhance medical science4．they are a challenge to surgeons5．critically ill people want transplants in order to live6．costs will come down as the surgery becomes routine7．there is no "time" to die8．death is defined as brain death9．the drugs cyclosporine and FK-506 have helped eliminate the problem of rejection Against ：1．they are too expensive2．they favor the rich3．they encourage the poor in Third World countries to sell their organs4．they are unnatural as seen by the body' s rejection5．they are often unsuccessful6．the idea is sinister7．Nature has decided when we should die8．the process of deciding who gets the next available organ is unfair9．there is as yet no agreement on what constitutes death (brain -dead versus heart-dead)10．Civil DisobedienceFor ：1．it draws attention to unjust of unconstitutional laws2．it is a matter of religious or moral convictions3．it is the only way to fight oppression4．it is usually nonviolent5．it is used only in extreme circumstances6．it goes back to the time of Jesus Christ7．it is common, like cheating on taxes and illegal parking8．God' s laws take precedence over man' s laws9．protestors are ready to accept punishment for their beliefs10．many famous people have engaged in civil disobedience (e.g., Mahatma Gandhi and Andrei Sakharov)11．there are many famous examples such as the Boston Tea Party and conscientious objectors during the Vietnam WarAgainst ：1．no one is above the law2．it can quickly destroy law and order3．it leads to anarchy4．it leads to contempt for all laws5．protestors are cowards trying to escape punishment6．protestors often resort to violence7．the democratic process should be used to effect change11．AbortionFor ：1．it is a woman' s fundamental right, say abortion-rights advocates2．it is necessary for unwed mothers3．it is necessary for rape victims4．it is necessary in some cases to save a mother' s life5．procreation is a couple' s choice6．it is a form of birth control7．poor, illiterate women want it8．most women support it9．it is necessary to prevent overpopulation10．it prevents unwanted babies from coming into the world11．it is not murder because a fetus is not yet a human beingAgainst：1．it is murder (infanticide), say anti-choice groups2．life begins at conception3．it is an unnatural practice4．it is immoral because only God can take a life5．a fetus is a human being-unborn but viable6．the rights of a fetus must be protected7．it is painful for the fetus-a barbaric practice8．it is not the same as other modern birth-control devices9．it causes many women to have guilt feelings10．unwanted babies can be put up for adoption12．CensorshipFor ：1．it is for the good of society2．it protects children3．every society has some form of censorship4．the individual is less important than the community 5．absolute freedom leads to anarchy6．many adults are not mature enough to make their own decisions 7．it can be carried out wisely8．pornography is not art9．pornography is in the hands of unscrupulous people 10．obscene works should be banned11．it is necessary in times of warAgainst ：1．it limits the individual' s freedom and human rights2．it is not consistent with democracy3．it is subjective and not objective4．it creates the problem of who will censor5．it is disappearing in advanced countries6．it deprives adults of their right to make decisions7．it can be applied to all aspects of our lives8．it is the first step toward totalitarianism9．it draws attention to banned works and increases sales 10．voluntary censorship is better13．Equality Of the SexesFor ：1．we all have the same Creator2．matriarchal societies go back thousands of years3．all advanced societies have given women equal rights 4．most companies have adopted equal pay for equal work 5．there are no skills women cannot master6．there are even women body builders7．men have a basic inferiority complex8．women are more interested in peace than men9．some world leaders are women (e.g., Margaret Thatcher )10．women are superior to men in some fields11．no scientific studies back up the stereotypes men have of women Against ：1．women have a different biological function2．women are physically weaker than men3．women can' t be mothers and career women at the same time 4．many women want to depend on men5．most women want to stay at home and be mothers6．women haven' t been given the vote in some countries 7．women are emotional and irrational8．women think intuitively (no famous women philosophers) 9．hormones cause women to behave differently14．Foreign AidFor ：1．it is humane2．the rich should help the poor3．all religions teach charity4．it seeks to end poverty, disease, and illiteracy5．it can be used to help refugees and combat slavery6．it is given by all advanced countries7．it is supported by the Red Cross and the United Nations8．it helped rebuild Japan and Germany9．it increases world trade10．it achieves political objectives11．it promotes national securityAgainst ：1．it is degrading to the recipient2．it is never appreciated3．it leads to feelings of inferiority4．it limits the independence of developing countries5．it subsidizes laziness6．it often goes into the pockets of corrupt officials7．it supports Third World dictatorships8．it can be culturally damaging9．it has divided the United Nations10．the money should be spent at home for one' s own people15．DivorceFor ：1．it is the logical solution to a bad marriage2．it allows both persons to seek happiness in a second marriage3．it dates from as early as ancient Babylonia4．it is legally recognized by most countries5．it is accepted by most people6．remarriage is a right7．it is necessary in cases of adultery, alcoholism, desertion, drug addiction, and mental and physical cruelty8．children are better off living with one parent than with both in an unhappy environment 9．feminists support itAgainst ：1．it breaks up the family2．it makes it too easy for two persons to walk out of their marriage3．it is opposed by various religions4．it is banned by some countries5．it was uncommon until fifty years ago6．marriage is a serious responsibility7．it is a sign of immaturity8．counseling is the solution9．it harms children emotionally10．children need both parents11．child custody decisions are messy16．Compulsory Military ServiceFor ：1．it aims to strengthen national defense2．it teaches young men discipline3．it builds character and physical fithess4．it teaches valuable skills5．it nurtures a spirit of comradeship an equality6．it offers opportunities for overseas travel7．it exists in many countries (e.g., Switzerland, Singapore)8．it reduces unemployment9．it instills a sense of patriotismAgainst：1．it is unnecessary in view of today' s professional armies2．it is a step away from peace3．some countries have abolished it (e. g., the U.S., Japan)4．today' s armies do not need unskilled manpower5．it interrupts young men' s studies and careers6．it is a useless experience7．it is a source of slave labor8．it results in bullying and conformity9．it does not build character10．it can cause mental disorders11．military skills are useless in private industry17．V oluntary EuthanasiaFor ：1．it is a basic right-the right to die2．the Greek origin of the word euthanasia means "good death "3．it allows one to die with dignity4．it allows one to choose the time and place of death5．it is logical and humane6．it can be regulated with safeguards (e.g., the person must be rationally lucid) 7．it is painless8．it is the solution to a terminal illness with suffering9．the dying want it10．some doctors will assist the patient to end his life11．it recognizes death as a natural, biological process12．doctor-assisted suicide is legal in Holland, under certain guidelines Against ：1．it is murder or suicide2．it is illegal in most countries3．most doctors oppose it4．it is a first step to killing the old and infirm5．it is irreversible in the event of a new cure6．only God can end a life7．most religions oppose it8．suicide is always irrational9．the dying are too sick to know what they want10．the dying should look to hospices that dispense painkillers11．it can be abused by greedy persons seeking an inheritance18．Capital PunishmentFor：1．it frightens would-be criminals (acts as a deterrent )2．it serves as a just reward for killers3．it lowers crime rates4．it is more economical than a life sentence (saves the state money)5．in rare cases it may lead to the death of an innocent person, but this cannot be helped 6．most countries practice it7．killers should not be allowed to become hero-figures8．a life sentence is never for life but for only a few years9．killers are heartless and cruel and should not be protected by sociologistsAgainst ：1．it frightens no one2．it is motivated by revenge and not justice3．it does not lower crime rates4．it can lead to the death of an innocent person (a mistake)5．it is a barbaric practice (hanging, electric chairs, gas chambers)6．it is unjust because only God can take away life7．the real solution to crime is the elimination of social injustices and rehabilitation 8．killers are often mentally ill and in need of medical treatment9．the death penalty is being abandoned by many countries19．Trade ProtectionismFor ：1．industries need government protection2．no nation can allow its industries to be destroyed3．agriculture must be protected for national security reasons4．real free trade doesn' t exist and never has5．national security is more important than idealistic trade principles6．it has made Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan prosperous7．every nation ' s economy is shaped by its own culture8．there are various forms of free-market economy9．every nation should have an industrial policy10．governments must provide jobs for their workers by whatever meansAgainst ：1．it invites retaliation2．it invites reciprocity based on a quid pro quo basis3．it impedes world trade and prosperity4．it hurts poor, underdeveloped countries5．it leads to trade wars6．it makes industries less competitive7．it costs taxpayers large sums of money8．it gives consumers less choice9．it is denounced by most nations10．it is based not just on high tariffs but also on government regulations, inspections, certification, and distribution20．Nuclear PowerFor：1．it provides huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel2．it is the best source of energy for countries without oil3．the world' s supply of oil will be exhausted in 90 years4．it already produces most of the energy needs of some countries5．it could supply all the world' s electricity for millions of years if fully developed6．it is safe if properly supervised7．nuclear power plants create less air pollution than fossil-fuel power plants8．the issue has become far too emotionalAgainst ：1．it is too dangerous (e.g., Chernobyl accident)2．most people are afraid of it3．the world' s supply of uranium is fast decreasing4．it is better to develop other sources of energy (e.g., fusion)5．radioactive wastes cannot be disposed of6．it can produce nuclear weapons for warfare7．certain radical world leaders are trying to buy nuclear weapons8．nuclear plants are expensive to build9．the U.S. is slowly closing down its nuclear power plants10．nuclear wastes can cause cancer。

07年12月大学英语新四级考试写作指导(五)

07年12月大学英语新四级考试写作指导(五)英语写作概说（四）按图行进，完成初稿写作过程开始于审题和构思，列提纲是实际写作的前奏，真正的写作过程是打草稿。

有些同学更习惯打腹稿，另一些人则喜欢按部就班地先写草稿，然后再修改、甚至经过数次修改，直到满意才定稿。

四、六级考试的命题作文因为有时间限制，所以打草稿就凸现了时间上的压力。

笔者建议大家训练的时候争取一遍成文，即使要修改，也不宜于大动手术，因为誊写没有时间，不誊写又显得卷面脏乱，印象分肯定不高。

写作时学生所面临的苦难主要集中在三个方面：其一，心理上的无助感。

这种感觉是因为学生在写作过程中无法预期读者的知识结构、生活习惯、文化背景、以及审美情趣等诸多因素；即使题目对此做出明确说明，考生在考场上也只能独自思考，独自判断，独自完成写作任务，所以心理上必须承受相当大的压力。

即使能够按预期完成任务，现场的得分压力依然存在。

其二，语言上的窘迫感。

四、六级命题作文是英语作文，考生必须用外语完成。

姑且不说心理上的无助，就是语言上的窘迫也足以让一般考生望而却步。

相关研究表明读写听说四项能力中，写的能力属于语言产出能力，一般会滞后于阅读和听力能力的发展。

而四级考生的弱项就在写作。

很多人句式贫乏、词汇有限，所以写起文章来如挤牙膏一般难受。

其三，思维狭隘。

除了上述的心理压力，语言窘迫，四级考生同时面临第三个压力--阅读积累有限，知识面狭窄，思维习惯拘谨等不利因素。

命题写作有时间限制，题材限制，而且还有场景限制，所以考生一般会有负重的感觉，思绪很难放开，写作思路也就受到了很大程度的影响。

虽然困难重重，但是初稿的写作仍然可以圆满完成。

因为学生有了明确的观点（命题作文基本给定），相关的支撑观点（作者在构思阶段已经完成）、比较翔实的论据（构思阶段完成）和一个简明的提纲（写作前应当完成）的正确指导。

初稿的写作过程中考生应当注意下面几个陷阱：首先，对写作过程中涌现的观点、论据要正确对待。

四级写作讲义

CET4写作通关班电子教材第一节四级写作总论一、课程安排：1、四级写作总论：1）考试流程2）复习计划3）学习方法4）大纲解读2、应用文：1）个人简历2）书信3）口头作文4）告示3、论说文：1）评卷实例2）万能句型4、翻译：1）最新大纲2）最新真题二、考试流程：08：45 验证入场（身份证、准考证、学生证缺一不可）09：00 发答题卡（答题卡1正面为作文题，背面写作文），9：00之后无法入场。

09：10~09：35 写作（09：35发试题册）09：35~09：40 翻译09：40~09：55 快速阅读理解（在答题卡1背面作答）09：55~10：00 收答题卡1，建议快速浏览听力选项10：00~10：35 听力理解（以下在答题卡2作答）10：35~11：05 仔细阅读理解（选词填空或简答＋篇章阅读理解）11：05~11：20 完形填空（11:05 监考教师提醒15分钟后交卷）三、复习计划：1、攻克词汇：1）词汇书：俞敏洪《四级词汇词根+联想记忆法》2）软件：《新东方背单词》（5）3）真题：最新10套四级真题4）记忆法：参见我的博客/m/jtwang：“考研复习”之“十天搞定考研词汇”2、精研真题：最新10套四级真题，尤其是2006年6月24日以后真题1）词汇：没有一个词汇不认识2）选项：没有一个选项不了解3、适当模考：参见王江涛编著《大学英语四级考试一本通》（群言出版社）四、学习方法：（一）提高实力：1、背诵：10大必背范文1）Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Examinations. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1、大学都用考试来衡量学生的成绩2、考生可能带来的副作用3、我对考试的看法In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject. Although it does the job quite efficiently, its side effects are also enormous.To begin with, examinations lower the standards of teaching. Since teachers are often judged by examination results, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques. No。

07年12月大学英语新四级考试写作指导(三)

07年12月大学英语新四级考试写作指导(三)英语写作概说（二）积极构思，广泛搜集与主题相关的素材构思是在审题基础上的思维活动。

在构思完成后，作者对体裁要求、题材要求、写作任务初步掌握，就可以开动脑筋，积极思维；运用逻辑知识和阅读经验，梳理思维；启动语言能力，尤其是外语能力，理性地罗列思维。

四、六级写作是命题作文，惯例是用汉语给出作文的提纲，学生只需要根据给定的段落结构和中心观点展开自己的说理过程就可以了。

因此，在四、六级作文的构思过程中，学生只需要通过思考去发现尽可能多的论据来支持相应的中心观点和分支观点。

构思的方法其实很简单，学生可以直接运用笔头，简要记录下自己的分支观点和主要论据，再把这些思路根据一定的逻辑关系用箭头相连，就构成了一个简略的“路线图”（thought map）；同时也可以根据中心观点、分支观点、主要论据、分支论据的逻辑关系，组成一个“树状图”（thoughts tree）。

构思过程是大脑高度活跃的阶段，由剧烈的“脑风暴”（brainstorm）所得出的结论未必都能够用到作文里去，笔者建议大家结合写作任务和题目具体要求，在行文布局的时候进行合理取舍。

因为是在谈论英语写作，所以构思过程中还有一个非常重要的任务需要同时完成，那就是在尽可能的情况下，用英语反映思维的结果，从单词起步，可以是习惯用语，可以是固定搭配；可以是个简单句子，甚至也可以是一些简单句群。

以2001年1月份的四级作文题目为例，我们一起体验英文命题写作的构思历程：Part V Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part ,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1．面试在求职过程中的作用2．取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是……首先从提纲上看这是一篇说明文。

07年6月四级作文

07年6月四级作文题目：Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Advantages of Living in a Small Town. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 小城镇的生活有许多优势2. 举例说明The Advantages of Living in a Small TownLiving in a small town has many advantages.First, the environment in a small town is usually much better than that in a big city. The air is fresh and the streets are clean. People can enjoy the beautiful scenery and the peaceful atmosphere.Second, the cost of living in a small town is usually lower than that in a big city. People can save a lot of money on housing, food and transportation.Third, the people in a small town are usually friendly and helpful. They are willing to help each other and create a harmonious atmosphere. Finally, the pace of life in a small town is usually slower than that in a big city. People can take their time to enjoy life and relax.In conclusion, living in a small town has many advantages. It is a great place to live and work.。

文都教育-四级作文EducationPays

文都教育-四级作文EducationPays第一篇：文都教育-四级作文Education Pays四级作文范文：Education PaysFrom the chart above, we can definitely get a conclusion that the more you learned, the higher your salary would be.The figures in the chart denied the claim that knowledge is useless.However quite a few people still hold the opinion that a higher education does no good to a better job since that there are many university students who can not get an ideal job.What I want to point out is that there is more than one factor that contributes to the failure of finding an ideal job for those who got a higher education.While those who failed to get a better education will hardly succeed in getting a good job because they di dn’t get the knowledge systematically and scientifically.As the proverb goes like this, Knowledge is cation pays, sooner or later.第二篇：2013年6月四级作文(文都教育)2013年6月四级作文范文二The Importance of the Basic Learning Skills来源：文都教育As what is vividly shown in the picture, many college students have the same doubt as the one in the picture that is whether that stuff will be outdated when they graduated and began to work.That stuff, as we can see from the picture, refers to the basic learning skills such as mathematics we learned when we were in primary school.It also reveals a phenomenon in the college that there are a great number of students, who question the practicability of their subjects because they are too simple to be helpful with their occupation afterwards.Does that meanthese subjects are useless? Definitely not.These subjects are like the foundation of a building.Though they are commonplace even invisible, they are of vital importance.Mastering these basic skills we can grasp the fundamental elements of learning ability.As an old saying goes like this, high buildings rise from the ground.Only if we lay a solid foundation, we can’t set up a high building.Or in another word, do you think it is feasible to let a person learn English without learning a, b, c?With all was said above, we can draw a conclusion that the basic learning skills are quite essential to both our whole study and the work we will take after graduation.Thus we should pay more attention to the basic subjects and master the ability required at the further career.第三篇：2011年12月英语四级作文解析(文都教育版)范文：There is an old saying: where there is a will, there is a way.It tells us that a strong will is the most essential quality that anyone who wants to achieve success.It can contribute a lot to one’s success.Although “All roads lead to Rome”, none of them is completely smooth.Our life is filled with obstacles which may make us feel so hopeless that we may choose to give up.At the crucial moment, strong will helps a lot.As a matter of fact, the ability to work through difficult situation and unfortunate events with strong will can make one stronger and more capable.In other words, if we want to realize life’s goal, we must keep forging ahead with strong consciousness.From what has been discussed above, we can see that the establishment of tough determination is of great importance to everyone.With a strong will, including our knowledge, we will be able to deal with any situation in our life.Whatever we do, as long as we stick to anddo not give up easily, we will realize the goal at last.四级写作体裁有三种：论说文、应用文及图表作文。

大学英语四六级作文高分讲义

大学英语四六级作文高分讲义四、六级改革后，作文出题方式基本沿袭以往稳健、成熟的出题风格。

以下给大家讲述一下作文应试的战略性理论以及得分技巧即战术操作。

博弈写作考试就好像一次“博弈”。

在写作考试中，考生是真正拥有最多信息的人，考官仅仅只能被动地接受你所给的信息。

所以，作文中遣词造句时请切记两点：一、“不会说的”处理；二、经典句的应用得分技巧分析四、六级作文在准备和对策上基本一致，因为两者评分标准基本一致(除了字数上的差距：四级120词、六级150词)。

英语考试的作文大多可分为：1、正反论证；2、原因现象描述类；3、图表；4、名言谚语。

所谓的书信作文，无非就是在这四类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。

作文得分技巧总结：1、卷面整洁，书写清楚2、构思简单，少犯错误3、中心突出，层次分明4、固定经典，名言注目5、重在变化，宁简勿滥下面就对以上5点在应试作文中的应用展开具体说明：第一、卷面整洁，书写清楚。

由于写作属于主观题型，故考官将依据主观印象进行评判。

卷面的好坏将在第一时间冲击考官对你作文的印象。

所以，建议各位考生先想清楚后动笔，减少涂改几率，让考官能清楚无误地看清你答卷的内容。

另外，新的四、六级考试中会有部分考区的试卷被扫描至电脑，这些考区的考官将会在电脑前批阅作文，因此考生们最好使用黑色水笔做答，以保证扫描效果。

写作的格式有两种：齐头式(full block form)和缩进式(indented form)。

采用齐头式，要求所有段落的首行都在左边顶格，段落中间空行。

缩进式要求每段首行缩进4~5个字母。

第二、构思简单，少犯错误。

请大家一定记住，作文只在考核他们的语言表达能力。

避免犯错误。

（思维。

标点，时态一致，单复数，结构。

6分原则。

写完后的检查）第三、中心突出，层次分明。

从近几年的四级考试作文看来，尽管实用性提高了，但行文大多可以套用“中心句＋1、2、3”模式。

即每段第一句是topic sentence，改编自该段相对应的提纲，后面的1、2、3是衔接词，每个1、2、3后接分支观点。

2007年6月英语四级作文范文_英语四级作文

you can be involved in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holding group discussions and watching oscar-winning movies. these extra-curricular activities could offer you ample opportunities. first, your active participation is helpful to strengthening the sense of responsibility and managing interpersonal relations. second, various activities organized by us could raise your level of proficiency in english. a good command of english empowers you to enjoy decided competitive edge over your peers.
20xx6月英语四级写作高分黄金句式1列举法列举法是四级写作中常用的方法一般用firstsecond等一系列标志词引出原因或者可能的影响等
2007年6月英语四级作文范文
题目：学生加入社团的欢迎辞
1.活动主要内容
2ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้加入好处
3.如何加入
参考范文一：
welcome to english club! it could serve as a platform to show your outstanding abilities and help you develop a range of great skills.

四六级写作与翻译讲义

四级写作讲义负面现象类作文描述图画人：man、the aged,couple,dealers(商贩)、official、graduate young adult、youngsters、passer-by、boss、journalist、merchant(商人)、love-dedicator(爱心人士)、producer、parents、customer/consumer、driver、individuals.表情怎样：disappointed、furious(生气的)、frustrated=gloomy distressed极度痛苦的、excited、enjoyable、astonished、helpless、unconcerned（apathetic）、restless、confused（perplexed）在做什么：成因终极万能素材政策漏洞：policy bug监管不到：weak supervision of/from authorities concerned不良社会风气：undesirable general mood of society(后果)激烈的竞争：fierce competition扭曲的价值观：distorted value towards life不恰当的教育理念：inappropriate notion of education自私自利：egoism求同思维：convergent thinking缺乏责任感、自我约束：lack of/lacking social responsibility and self-discipline缺乏基本的道德良心：lack of/lacking basic ethics/morality and conscience支撑句：举例(for example)后果的终极万能素材可持续性发展（个人、经济、社会）：sustainable development of……社会风气：general mood of society,social harmony and stability 身心健康：mental and physical health个人成长：personal growth/sound growth建议（to do sth）政府：issue related laws and regulations颁布相应的法规enhance supervision媒体：advocate and publicize the notion/virtue倡导宣传（价值观/理念/美德）个人：foster the notion/virtue deliberately有意识地培养理念/美德enhance/consolidate self-discipline.加强自我约束release pressure减压welfare福利观点类作文万能利弊模板素材：1、容易成功achieve success more easily遭受到失败和挫折suffer form failure and adversity.2、获得成就感/满足感/幸福感Acquire sense of achievement/contentment/happiness3、得到他人的尊敬obtain respect from others4、享受良好的人际关系Enjoy harmonious interpersonal relationship.(1—4V.)5、社会风气：general mood of society6、可持续性发展：sustainable development7、个人成长：personal growth8、身心健康：mental and physical health(5-8n.)万能引用人生高贵品质：quantity virtue人生宝贵经验：concept/awareness/notion正面观点：Just as a celebrity once said,……品质1）”Credibility is a fairest blossom,which springs from the soul.”2）”Life without optimism is like a sailing without wind.”3）”The spirit of___is like a shining star enlightening the firmament of humanity.”…….像一颗闪亮的星，点亮了人性的苍穹。

英语四六级讲义

英语四六级讲义PartI第一节四六级作文评分的六个标准一、准确度是指单词的拼写和表达，特别是词性一定要准确无误。

Succeed(v)、success(n)、successful(adj)、successor(n继承者、接班人)、a succeful man成功者、health(n)、healthy(adj+life)、honest(adj)、honesty(n)、economic(adj)、economy(n).The honesty is the best policy.诚实是上策二、难度是指长和罕见的单词。

因此、所以：consequently、accordingly；各人、个体：individuals；电影：movie；孩子：kid；中国政府：The Chiness Adnimistration；现在：currently；漫画、小图：miniature；说明：indicate；含义、意义：implication、connotation.三、广度是指用同义词替换，尤其是主题词。

我认为：I think、in my personal sense、For my part、To my mind.游客：sightseer、tourist、visitor、traveller.四、亮度是指多用短语或词组表达。

and=as well as；look up to尊敬；look down on鄙视；look forward to 期待；seeing you soon写信用语；be aware of意识到；be fond of=be keen on 喜欢.五、语法正确性是指动词时态使用以及尽量用一般现在时等。

绝招是用情态动词must、should、will+do以及名词的单复数college students或a college student，尽量用复数；不可数名词无复数形式stress、pressure；拒绝诱惑resist temptation；减压relieve stress／pressure. 六、句型正确和句式多变。

大学英语四六级作文讲义范文

大学英语四六级作文讲义篇章段落部分一，引言段四六级作文考试虽然对作文的要求不高。

但 “麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”,如果能有一个自然得体，因人注目的开头肯定会使文章增色不少。

现将主要的开篇方法列举如下：1．议论文开篇写法第一小类（论辩类）要求列举对立双方对某个问题的不同看法并陈述各自理由，如:2000.6 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是。

2．也有人持不同意见3．我的看法和打算这类文章常用开篇的方法有开门见山法和演绎法1. ⎪⎭⎪⎬⎫⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧ with Faced to comes it Whenabout asked When ..., most/many people believe that ..., but other people ⎩⎨⎧y.differentl it consider ... as ... regard 句型1是开门见山法的典型句型，第一段直接说明两类人对于同一问题持不同看法。

2. When it comes to ..., people's opinions differ. Some hold the opinion that ..., while others claim that ... 句型2 是演绎法的典型句型，people ’s opinions differ.是后面句子的综述。

3. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the ⎪⎭⎪⎬⎫⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧idea view role of .... Some people claim that ..., while othersbelieve that ....第二小类（利弊类）要求作者对某个事物或现象的两面性进行列举和比较。

1996.1 Two-day Weekend1. 双休日给大学生带来的好处。

07年12月大学英语新四级考试写作指导(六)

07年12月大学英语新四级考试写作指导(六)英语写作概说（五）反复推敲，仔细修改和完善作文的草稿初稿写成之后，一般的学生都认为大功告成，所以等着交卷。

其实这是个非常错误的观点，因为正常的写作过程还应当有一个重要的环节—修改初稿。

修改初稿的过程之所以经常被忽略，笔者分析有如下原因：其一，大学英语写作教学经常被忽略，至少没有像阅读和听力那样受到重视。

一些院校的写作课程长期以来得不到落实，一些写作课老师对自己所教授的课程缺乏系统设计，许多学生对写作课程缺乏兴趣，还有些培训机构更是为了迎合学生的喜好，把写作过程简化到一些万能模版，高分句型之类的公式化教学。

其二，许多学生平时对写作采取回避态度，考前才想着去突击训练，所以没有养成好的写作习惯，不仅写作头疼，而且对自己写出来的东西也懒得去读第二遍。

笔者的教学实践和辅导经历告诉大家，一篇好的作文是写出来的，但更重要的是改出来的，在某种程度上看，学会修改自己的作文也是写作能力，尤其是外语写作能力进步的重要表现。

初稿修改可以采取不同的方式来完成，可以是作者本人修改，可以是同学之间相互修改，也可以是写作老师或是辅导老师来修改。

很多学生，甚至包括很多辅导老师也认为考试时间短暂（新的四、六级考试写作部分给时30分钟），初稿修改没有时间，尽管大家都承认初稿修改非常重要。

事实是考生经过备考阶段的训练，速度能够完成写作任务。

绝大多数同学能够提前5--7分钟的时间完成初稿写作，但关键是很少有人愿意把这点时间用在修改作文上。

学生自己修改自己的作文从理论上和实践上都有重要意义，但是学生自己修改必须耐着性子，是写完初稿之后能够搁置两三天，然后再去仔细阅读，反复推敲，把真正的语病和逻辑错误减少到最低限度。

学生之间相互修改作文是外语写作教学的重要环节，也是贯彻“在用中学”这个教学原则的重要途径。

学生相互修改可以由老师指定结对，也可以由学生自愿结对，但是修改的任务和目标必须明确。

老师（或是辅导老师）修改学生作文传统上来讲是分内的事情，但是外语老师一般都不太喜欢修改学生的作文，这就要求老师能够在完成工作量的前提下，把批改学生的作文看成提高教学质量的必由之路，不仅要定期批改，能够有计划地安排学生作文“面批”—在学生当面批改学生的作文，尽量给出学生作文中存在的具体问题，提出改进和提高的个性化建议。

大学英语四级作文讲解

大学英语四级写作专题讲解I.大纲对四级作文的要求及评分标准《大学英语考试大纲》中明确规定：四级大学英语写作考试时间为30分钟。

要求应试者写出一篇不少于120个词的短文；写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。

其命题方式有：给出题目、或规定情景、或给出段首句续写、或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。

要求内容切题，文理通顺，表达正确，语义连贯，无重大语言错误。

评分原则与标准满分15分阅卷标准共分为五等：2分，5分，8分，11分，14分2分——条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误5分——基本切题。

表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。

有较多的严重语言错误。

8分——基本切题。

有些地方思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误11分——切题。

表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误14分——切题。

思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

时间要求：30分钟1）审题（3分钟）：2）写作（25分钟）：3）检查（2分钟）：语法（时态、冠词、主谓一致）、拼写、标点字数要求：120－150词具体要求：1）语言第一位：表达通顺、无重大语言错误（1）基础一般：简单原则、安全第一（2）基础较好：句子结构词多变2）结构第二位：（1）逻辑性：A. 并列：and/or/butB. 因果：because/in that, since/as, forC. 转折：but/however（2）关联词：3）内容第三位：II．四级作文常见命题类型1、书信式：注意格式2、命题式（提纲式）：给出2-3个汉语（或英语）提示作为写作框架要根据文章标题和提示句展开思路，然后紧紧围绕所确定的中心思想将其扩展，即把标题和提纲联系起来思考，确定文章的中心思想；构思文章的层次结构，并依次写出各段的主题句，缀段成章，完成作文。

注意：文中所给的提示句只起提示作用，很难充当主题句，这时需要反复推敲文章提示的写作方向，重新确立主题句。

文都四级英语作文模板

文都四级英语作文模板Wendu Level 4 English Composition Template。

I. Introduction。

Begin with an engaging hook to capture the reader's attention. State the topic of the essay clearly and concisely. (50-75 words)。

II. Paragraph 1。

Discuss the first main point of your essay. Provide evidence or examples to support your claim. Use transition words to connect ideas. (200-250 words)。

III. Paragraph 2。

Introduce the second main point and develop it using evidence and examples. Ensure a logical flow of ideas by using transitional phrases. (200-250 words)。

IV. Paragraph 3。

Present the concluding main point and provide evidence to back up your argument. Consider contrasting viewpoints or providing alternative perspectives. (200-250 words)。

V. Conclusion。

Restate your thesis statement in a concise and engaging manner. Summarize the main points of your essay and provide a final thought or recommendation. (50-75 words)。

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文都教育：大学英语四六级讲义——四级写作（下）第四节题型分析在本节中我们将以题型为依据进行分析讲解，以掌握各种题目的写作方法与技巧。

下面就按照题型不同，分别进行讨论。

一、图表图画题型（）表格和图表题型表格和图表题型是大学英语写作中较为常见的题型之一，也是难度较大的一种写作题型，故大家应对此类题型加强练习，熟练掌握。

表格和图表题型写作注意事项●仔细研究题目以及提示信息，看准、看清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定容层次以及主题句。

●仔细观察分析图表所给出的大量信息，从中选取最重要，最有代表性，最核心的信息，然后根据全文的主旨去组织运用所获取的关键信息,切忌简单地罗列图表所给出的信息。

●表格和图表题型写作一般采用一般现在时，但如果图表给出了具体时间参照，则应对时态进行相应的调整。

●表格和图表题型要求考生使用一些固定句型和表达法，大家应对此融会贯通。

●表格和图表题型可以细分为表格，曲线图、柱形图和圆形图。

除了上述共同要点，还应弄懂这四种图在写作方面的各自特点。

✓表格形式要求考生对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出其变化规律。

✓曲线图形式要求考生仔细观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。

✓柱形图形式要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，故考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。

✓圆形图形式旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切片的圆形图所传达的信息。

考生应清楚掌握部分与整体，部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。

●列出各段的主题句。

考生可以根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句，为全文的展开铺平道路。

●严格围绕主题句展开段落。

●检查与修改。

表格与图表写作的检查与修改应着重检查文章中所列举的信息是否与图表所显示的信息一致。

表格和图表题型写作中常用的核心句型归纳如下：. ,…. .... ,.... （ \ \ \ ）.... （\ \ ）…. （\ \ ）（\ \\\\）（.\\\）. . （\ \）（...在不断地增加，减少，上升，下降） . （\\\）（\\\\） … . — （ —\ \ , — ）其它常用表达 : 介绍图表 , ... … ! …..., ..., ... …, …, … 统计数据的表达方法 ..., ……..., …, ..., ..., …, ... ... ..., ... 数据变化的表达方法 ... ...开头和结尾的常用句型. … … :… .一般图表作文的特征主要体现在第一段，该段的任务是描述图表同时点明图表所要表达的主题或说明的问题，如：（） ... , （）（）, . （）大家看下面的实例，注意体会图表作文的写作特点：实例年月真题:.2468101214161820199019952000Year. 上图所示为年、年、年某校大学生事业计算机的情况，请描述其变化；. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。

. , . ., . , , , . , . , ., . , . ’ , , . （）实例年月真题● ., ’ . , , , , ., ’ . , . , ., ’ . . （）实例●分析原因（高校扩招使毕业生供给大于需求，很多毕业生只愿留在大城市，毕业生的专业不适合社会需要等）●给出解决问题的办法。

, , . , , .. , , . , . , , . , . , Beijing, Shanghai Guangzhou., . , , . , . . （）实例America● ;● .图画作文除了表格和图表题目，还有与其类似的图画题目。

图画写作是较难的题型，虽然大学英语四级考试一直未曾采用，但近年来新题型频繁出现，象报告、公众演讲、导游解说都已考过，故防患于未然，该题型也是大家应该掌握的。

首先看一下图画题型写作注意事项：●详细查看图画。

对图画进行全面而细致的研究，尤其注意图画中人或物（人与物）的体貌表情特征和背景，确定人物之间，人物与背景之间的主要关系，以便正确掌握图画所传达的信息。

●如果图画以系列形式（既两幅以上）出现，考生除了掌握每一幅图画的信息，还应该对图画之间的相应联系有所理解，从而在整体上把握图画所传达的信息。

●面对图画题型，应该展开合理而丰富的联想，用生动而恰当的言辞抒发自己对图画的所思所想所感。

●注意图画题型中的文字提示。

文字提示非常重要，文字提示通常十分清楚地提供一些写作要点。

●草拟提纲，合理组织材料。

根据图画容的不同采用不同的段落发展方式。

如果画面容是以描述为主，即按空间方位或时间先后顺序排列，可采用“开头——扩展——结尾”的写作方式。

如果画面容是以解释说明为主，写作时则先给出主题句，再围绕主题句完成各段落的写作，这是采用“主题句——扩展句——总结句”的写作方式。

●系统且突出地展开段落。

展开段落要根据画面容进行，同时也要围绕每一段的主题句进行。

●检查与修改。

重点检查图画容是否准确地被表达出来，题目所给提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。

如果存在与画面不相符的容，或未能完全涵盖题目所给提示，应对文章做出相应修订。

大家看下面的实例，注意体会图画作文的写作特点：实例1. ;2. ;3. ., , （怪物） . .. , ’ . . . , . ,. , . ’ ?, . . （）实例● ;● ;● ., , . , . ., , . , , , , . , , . , , , . , . , ., . , “”, . ’ , .实例, , ..● ,● ,● .. China . . , “.” . .. . . , — . .（） , ., . . .● ;● ;● .（: 麻将牌 , 打麻将）二、应用文题型（）应用文的围很广，包括书信、便条、广告、简历以及通知等诸方面。

英语考试中的应用文以书信为主、兼或有报告、演讲词、导游介绍之类的要求，这一点在大学英语四级考试中屡有所见。

书信英文书信一般包括六个部分：✓信头写信人的地址和日期✓收信人文地址收信人的及地址✓称呼对收信人的称谓语，写在文地址以下两行✓正文写信人的身份及写信目的✓结束客套语信尾谦辞✓签名●称谓（）这儿指写信人对收信人的称谓。

从左边顶格写起，自成一行，比信地址低两行。

其开头词和专有名词的第一个字母还应大写。

称谓后，英国人喜用逗号，而美国人则用冒号。

✓“” 的用法：最常见的是用（头衔）姓或名，如： , . 或 , 也就是在., , , , ., . 等后只用姓，不用名字。

如果关系比较亲密，可用…。

✓给某个机构或你不认识的人写信，则按如下称呼写：, , , , ,, .✓写给政府各部门首长，如参议员、法官、大使、市长等可用. （阁下的缩写），表示尊重。

●正文（）正文是书信的主要部分。

通常在低于称呼一行处写起，每段开头要向后缩进五到八个字母。

正文从容结构上一般包括：✓写信人的身份及写信目的位于开头部分，一般是寒暄或点明写信的目的；要写得贴切、热情、恰如其分。

✓写信人的想法，请求等细节位于中间部分，叙述一封信的主要容，要求写得具体明了，直截了当✓向收信人表示意、希望等位于结尾部分，通常写一些表示祝愿、问候、感等结束敬语或希望之类的话语。

下面是一些写信时的常用表达：开头语常用表达：✓寒暄或关于“接到你的某月某日的信”.. （本月） ..’ . .✓点明目的，表示通知、消息。

., , ’ ..结尾语常用表达：✓ .✓ .✓ .✓ .✓ .✓ .结尾谦辞（）。

结尾谦辞指写信人对收信人的谦辞称，写在正文下第二、三行处，从信纸中间稍向右处或齐头左顶格写起，第一字母大写，末尾加逗号。

结尾谦辞根据通信人之间关系的亲疏恰当选择。

常见的有以下几种：✓通常使用：,（ ; ; ），（ ; ）✓给上级、长辈、领导或公务信件用：,,✓一般同事或熟人之间用：,,,✓写出亲属或关系非常亲密的是：,,,,书信作文的语体问题就书信作文而言，作文容固然重要，但语体更是问题。

英文书信大致可分为事务书信（）和个人书信（）两种。

前者是单位与单位或个人与单位之间来往的信件，语体比较正规（）；后者则是个人与个人之间的飞鸿，表达较为随便（）。

但有时，同一封信可以采用正式与非正式两种语体表达，这就要求考生具有明辨和变换语体的能力。

会变换语体，就要掌握大量词汇和句子结构、套语，尤其是同义词的不同感情色彩以及委婉语气和祈使句的应用。

一般说来，正式文多采用包含, , 等情态动词的语句，而个人书信除对师长的客套外，大都可融进少量口语体的句子（如祈使句、感叹句等）。

值得一提的是广义虚拟语气在书信中的应用（凡要表达客气委婉的语气或留有余地的主观愿望而使用的虚拟语气属广义用法）。

广义虚拟语气涉及到若干固定句式，比如：●述看法…表述容（用过去时代替现在时是客气委婉的表示。

）●提出劝告、建议………●提出请求、询问意向（）…...…●表明意向……以上句式在正式或比较正式的书信中是常见的，应学会使用。

实例年月真题: , : . , :假设你是明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

, . ,. ., , , . , . , . , , , ...,实例年月真题:, ’ . :●建议报考的专业及理由●报考该专业的基本条件●应当如何备考,, . , , , , . ’ , ., . , , , “ ”. , , , , . , “.”, . , ’ . .实例年月真题: , . . , . .●表示欢迎●提出过度假安排的建议●提醒应注意的事项,,’ Beijing . ’ . ., , , , , ’ , . , Peking University, Tsinghua University , ., .’ . .,报告写作报告（）是指向某人、某公司或政府机关通报值得注意的一些事实的文件，报告有很多种，这里我们主要集中看看大学生或毕业生所马上面临的部分。

在编写报告时，要注意下列事项：✓弄清楚为谁写这份报告，为什么写✓尽量用简洁的语言✓要有特色✓报告写完后，对主要观点要有总结一般四级考查的是短文式报告（）,这类报告通常包括三部分：引言（）, 正文（），结论（）。

当然，正文根据情况不同，可分为不同的段落。

实例年月真题: , . :假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。

见证书须包括以下几点：●车祸发生的时间及地点●你所见到的车祸情况●你对车祸原因的分析. . , , , .. , . “! !” . . , . . . , , ., , . . . , .公众演讲稿下面我们看一下公众演讲。