silva指南针说明书

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电子指南针说明书

摘要早期的指南针采用了磁化指针和方位盘的组合方式,整个指南针从便携性、指示灵敏度上都有一定不足,极易受到外界因素的干扰。

本系统采用专用的磁场传感器结合高速微控制器〔MCU〕的电子指南针能有效解决这些问题。

系统采用了磁阻〔GMR〕传感器采集某一方向磁场强度后通过MCU控制器对其进行处理并显示上传,通过对电子指南针硬件电路和软件程序的分析,阐述了电子指南针基本的工作原理及实现。

实际测试指南针模块精度达到1°,能够在LCD上显示当前方位并能通过键盘控制实现磁场校准,磁偏角补偿,重新设定等功能。

关键词：电子指南针；磁阻传感器；单片机；液晶AbstractSince the early use of amagnetic compass and direction-pointer of the composition, the entire compass from scratch, on the instructions of a certain sensitivity of the defect. Using a dedicated high-speed magnetic sensors with microcontroller <MCU> electronic compass can effectively solve these problems. The system is designed by the reluctance <GMR> sensors collecting a certain direction through the magnetic field strength after the MCU Controller its judgement will be dealt with the results, through the LCD screen display and can be sent to the MCU's top serial Machine. The actual test compass module can reach 1 °, in the LCD display on the current position and through the keyboard control can realize functions like the magnetic field calibration,Magnetic declination, Reset etc.Key words: electronic compass; GMR; MCU; LCD目录摘要I1 引言11.1 课题背景11.2 指南针原理介绍11.3 国外研究现状21.4 本课题研究的意义22 单片机及相关物理量介绍42.1 单片机系统简介42.2 物理量简介72.3 电子指南针的主要偏差及校正93 原理及系统框图133.1 测量原理简介133.2 系统总图框图143.3 系统其他模块简介154 系统硬件244.1 系统控制模块244.2 指南针模块254.3 实时时钟模块264.4 液晶显示电路274.5 系统输入电路285 系统软件305.1 主监控程序305.2 实时时钟驱动315.3 指南针模块驱动325.4 键盘驱动345.5 液晶模块驱动34结论36致37参考文献36附录371 引言1.1 课题背景指南针的发明是我国劳动人民,在长期的实践中对物体磁性认识的结果。

希普尔电子GPS04产品说明书

Featuresz65 channel engine for highperformance acquisitionz GPS L1 C/A Codez Perform 8 million time-frequency hypothesis testing per secondz Open sky hot start 2 secz Open sky cold start 33 secz Signal detection better than –160dBm z Acquisition sensitivity –145dBmz Accuracy 5m CEPz Tracking current < 50mAz Support active antennaz Small size 25.4 x 25.4 x 3.2 mm (LxWxH) GPS04Low Cost Very High PerformanceSMD GPS ModuleThe GPS04is a small form factor GPS module solution intended for a broad range of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) products, where fast and easy system integration and minimal development risk is required.The GPS04GPS receiver’s -160dBm tracking sensitivity allows continuous position coverage in nearly all application environments. Its high performance search engine is capable of testing 8,000,000 time-frequency hypotheses per second, offering industry-leading signal acquisition and TTFF speed. The receiver is optimized for applications requiring high performance, low power, and low cost; suitable for a wide range of OEM configurations including mobile phone, PND, asset tracking, and vehicle navigation products.The very small 25.4mm x 25.4mm form factor and the SMT pads allow standard surface mount device pick-and-place process in fully automated assembly process; enabling high-volume, very cost-efficient production.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSReceiver Type 65 parallel channel, L1 C/A codeCEP5mPositionAccuracyVelocity 0.1m/sec+/-1us1PPSTimingStartup Time 2 second hot start under open sky33 second cold start under open sky (average) Reacquisition2s-145dBmacquisitionSensitivitytracking-160dBmRate 1HzUpdate(39.2m/sec2)4GDynamicsOperational Limits Altitude < 18,000m or velocity < 515m/s(COCOM limit, either may be exceeded but not both) Serial Interface 3.3V LVTTL levelV3.01NMEA-0183ProtocolGPRMC,GPVTG*2GPGSV,GPGLL,GPGGA,GPGSA,8,1rate,N,9600DefaultbaudWGS-84Datum DefaultdefinableUserDC+/-5%Voltage 3.3VInputacquisitionCurrent ~70mAInputtracking~50mADimension 25.4mm L x 25.4mm W x 3.2mm HWeight: 5gOperating Temperature -40o C ~ +85o CStorage Temperature -55 ~ +100o C95%~Humidity5%BLOCK DIAGRAMModule block schematicANTENNAThe GPS04module is designed to work active antenna. Recommended active antenna should have gain of 20 ~ 30dB and noise figure less than 1.2dB.PIN AssignmentRX 0TX 03.3V V_Bat RX1TX1PPSPIN DescriptionNC No ConnectionRECOMMENDED PCB FOOTPRINTNMEA MessagesThe serial interface protocol is based on the National Marine Electronics Association’s NMEA 0183 ASCII interface specification. This standard is fully define in “NMEA 0183, Version 3.01” The standard may be obtained from NMEA, GGA - Global Positioning System Fix DataTime, position and fix related data for a GPS receiver.Structure:$GPGGA,hhmmss.sss,ddmm.mmmm,a,dddmm.mmmm,a,x,xx,x.x,x.x,M,,,,xxxx*hh<CR><LF>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Example:$GPGGA,111636.932,2447.0949,N,12100.5223,E,1,11,0.8,118.2,M,,,,0000*02<CR><LF>Field Name Example Description1 UTC Time 111636.932 UTC of position in hhmmss.sss format, (000000.000 ~235959.999)2 Latitude 2447.0949 Latitude in ddmm.mmmm formatLeading zeros transmitted3 N/S Indicator N Latitude hemisphere indicator, ‘N’ = North, ‘S’ = South4 Longitude 12100.5223 Longitude in dddmm.mmmm formatLeading zeros transmitted5 E/W Indicator E Longitude hemisphere indicator, 'E' = East, 'W' = West6 GPSqualityindicator 1 GPS quality indicator0: position fix unavailable1: valid position fix, SPS mode2: valid position fix, differential GPS mode3: GPS PPS Mode, fix valid4: Real Time Kinematic. System used in RTK mode withfixed integers5: Float RTK. Satellite system used in RTK mode. Floatingintegers6: Estimated (dead reckoning) Mode7: Manual Input Mode8: Simulator Mode7 Satellites Used 11 Number of satellites in use, (00 ~ 12)8 HDOP 0.8 Horizontaldilutionof precision, (00.0 ~ 99.9)9 Altitude 108.2 mean sea level (geoid), (-9999.9 ~ 17999.9)10 DGPS Station ID 0000 Differential reference station ID, 0000 ~ 1023NULL when DGPS not used11 Checksum 02Note: The checksum field starts with a ‘*’ and consists of 2 characters representing a hex number. The checksum is the exclusive OR of all characters between ‘$’ and ‘*’.GLL – Latitude/LongitudeLatitude and longitude of current position, time, and status.Structure:$GPGLL,ddmm.mmmm,a,dddmm.mmmm,a,hhmmss.sss,A,a*hh<CR><LF>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Example:$GPGLL,2447.0944,N,12100.5213,E,112609.932,A,A*57<CR><LF>Field Name Example Description1 Latitude 2447.0944 Latitude in ddmm.mmmm formatLeading zeros transmitted2 N/S Indicator N Latitude hemisphere indicator‘N’ = North‘S’ = South3 Longitude 12100.5213 Longitude in dddmm.mmmm formatLeading zeros transmitted4 E/W Indicator E Longitude hemisphere indicator'E' = East'W' = West5 UTC Time 112609.932 UTC time in hhmmss.sss format (000000.000 ~235959.999)6 Status A Status, ‘A’ = Data valid, ‘V’ = Data not valid7 Mode Indicator A Mode indicator‘N’ = Data not valid‘A’ = Autonomous mode‘D’ = Differential mode‘E’ = Estimated (dead reckoning) mode‘M’ = Manual input mode‘S’ = Simulator mode8 Checksum 57GSA – GNSS DOP and Active SatellitesGPS receiver operating mode, satellites used in the navigation solution reported by the GGA or GNS sentence and DOP values.Structure:$GPGSA,A,x,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,x.x,x.x,x.x*hh<CR><LF>1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 7Example:$GPGSA,A,3,05,12,21,22,30,09,18,06,14,01,31,,1.2,0.8,0.9*36<CR><LF>Field Name Example Description1 Mode A Mode‘M’ = Manual, forced to operate in 2D or 3D mode‘A’ = Automatic, allowed to automatically switch 2D/3D 2 Mode 3 Fixtype1 = Fix not available2 = 2D3 = 3D3 Satellite used 1~12 05,12,21,22,30,09,18,06,14,01,31,, Satellite ID number, 01 to 32, of satellite used in solution, up to 12 transmitted4 PDOP 1.2 Position dilution of precision (00.0 to 99.9)5 HDOP 0.8 Horizontaldilutionof precision (00.0 to 99.9)6 VDOP 0.9 Vertical dilution of precision (00.0 to 99.9)7 Checksum 36GSV – GNSS Satellites in ViewNumber of satellites (SV) in view, satellite ID numbers, elevation, azimuth, and SNR value. Four satellites maximum per transmission.Structure:$GPGSV,x,x,xx,xx,xx,xxx,xx,…,xx,xx,xxx,xx *hh<CR><LF>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 7 8Example:$GPGSV,3,1,12,05,54,069,45,12,44,061,44,21,07,184,46,22,78,289,47*72<CR><LF>$GPGSV,3,2,12,30,65,118,45,09,12,047,37,18,62,157,47,06,08,144,45*7C<CR><LF>$GPGSV,3,3,12,14,39,330,42,01,06,299,38,31,30,256,44,32,36,320,47*7B<CR><LF>Field Name Example Description1 Number of message 3 Total number of GSV messages to be transmitted (1-3)2 Sequence number 1 Sequence number of current GSV message3 Satellites in view 12 Total number of satellites in view (00 ~ 12)4 Satellite ID 05 Satellite ID number, GPS: 01 ~ 32, SBAS: 33 ~ 64 (33 =PRN120)elevation in degrees, (00 ~ 90)5 Elevation 54 Satellite6 Azimuth 069 Satellite azimuth angle in degrees, (000 ~ 359 )7 SNR 45 C/No in dB (00 ~ 99)Null when not tracking8 Checksum 72RMC – Recommended Minimum Specific GNSS DataTime, date, position, course and speed data provided by a GNSS navigation receiver. Structure:$GPRMC,hhmmss.sss,A,dddmm.mmmm,a,dddmm.mmmm,a,x.x,x.x,ddmmyy,,,a*hh<CR><LF>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Example:$GPRMC,111636.932,A,2447.0949,N,12100.5223,E,000.0,000.0,030407,,,A*61<CR><LF> Field Name Example Description1 UTC time 0111636.932 UTC time in hhmmss.sss format (000000.00 ~235959.999)2 Status A Status‘V’ = Navigation receiver warning‘A’ = Data Valid3 Latitude 2447.0949 Latitude in dddmm.mmmm formatLeading zeros transmitted4 N/S indicator N Latitude hemisphere indicator‘N’ = North‘S’ = South5 Longitude 12100.5223 Longitude in dddmm.mmmm formatLeading zeros transmitted6 E/W Indicator E Longitude hemisphere indicator'E' = East'W' = West7 Speed over ground 000.0 Speed over ground in knots (000.0 ~ 999.9)8 Course over ground000.0 Course over ground in degrees (000.0 ~ 359.9)9 UTC Date 030407 UTC date of position fix, ddmmyy format10 Mode indicator A Mode indicator‘N’ = Data not valid‘A’ = Autonomous mode‘D’ = Differential mode‘E’ = Estimated (dead reckoning) mode‘M’ = Manual input mode‘S’ = Simulator mode11 checksum 61VTG – Course Over Ground and Ground SpeedThe actual course and speed relative to the ground.Structure:GPVTG,x.x,T,,M,x.x,N,x.x,K,a*hh<CR><LF>1 2 3 4 5Example:$GPVTG, 000.0,T,,M,000.0,N,0000.0,K,A*3D<CR><LF>Field Name Example Description1 Course 000.0 True course over ground in degrees (000.0 ~ 359.9)2 Speed 000.0 Speed over ground in knots (000.0 ~ 999.9)3 Speed 0000.0 Speed over ground in kilometers per hour (0000.0 ~1800.0)indicator4 Mode A Mode‘N’ = not valid‘A’ = Autonomous mode‘D’ = Differential mode‘E’ = Estimated (dead reckoning) mode‘M’ = Manual input mode‘S’ = Simulator mode5 Checksum 3DORDERING INFORMATIONModel Name Description GPS04 Default 9600 baud rate。

指南针使用手册

指南针使用手册一、使用注意事项指南针务必水平地拿着，而且要远离以下列举的各种物品，才可避免磁针发生错乱：指南针应离铁丝网10米，高压线55米，汽车和飞机20米，以及含有磁铁如磁性容器等10米。

二、指北针使用说明当前给工程部提供的指南针其实是美式军用指北针，如下图，指北针是常用的一种测定方位、距离、水平及测绘简单地图的一种简易测量器材，采用高密封油式阻尼表盘，提高了行进间测量的稳定性，线隙式瞄准机构，便于准确操作，外壳采用了高强度铝合金等轻量化设计，携行方便。

1、外观介绍合起来待用的状态打开后的状态完全打开放平后带刻度的边缘部分，是1：25000M的坐标梯尺，可以在相同比例的地图上直接量测直线距离，同时是几何方法图上作业的得力工具，如下图：阻尼表盘有利于指针的稳定性，更加适合运动、崎岖的环境，箭头表示N极（北极），这也是绝大多数指北针的标注方法：可以转动的方位表牌，通过一个片状卡簧和表牌的齿状边缘卡紧和定位方位表牌上有一个放大镜，可以更清楚地看到方位，不要小看这一长一短两条刻线，很多功能都要通过它实现：阻尼表盘内圈的刻度为360度方位角度分划，外圈的刻度为64-00密位制分划，密位分划是军事上常用的方位角计量单位，美国和原北约国家的标准是64-00制，我国和原华约国家的标准是60-00制，根据不同的密位制相应的1密位换算为角度=360/密位制（度），美式64-00密位制指北针1密位=360/6400=0.05625（度），我国的97型指北针采用的为60-00密位制，1密位=360/6000=0.06（度）。

2、使用方法（1）确定北方：正确的方法是这样的，在手掌中端平，箭头（N极）所指的就是北方：（2）校正地图：校正地图的方向很简单，但这是一切图上作业的基础：把地图放平，然后将地图上的指北标与指北针上的N极（箭头）对正，就校正了地图方向，一般情况下地图都是上北下南绘制的。

（3）测量方位：利用这个小透镜和表壳上的金属丝配合使用，可以更精确的测量方位角，透镜上方的小缝可以使你更准确地定位金属丝，具体的方法是从小透镜通过指北针狭缝中的细金属丝瞄准目标，然后转动方位表牌使长线对准卡簧尖，然后从方位表牌的透镜中读角度，即方位线与正北的夹角角度。

军用指南针的详细说明书

军用指南针的详细说明书[图]作者：未知转贴自：新华网河北频道点击数：396 更新时间：2007-2-6军用指南针说明书一、用途六.二式罗盘仪是测定方位、距离、水平、坡度(俯仰角度)、高度、行军间速度及测绘简单地图的一种简易测量器材，为便于夜间使用，在其各相应部位上涂有夜光粉。

二、结构简单介绍仪器主要由罗盘、里程计两部分构成。

罗盘部分有提环(l)，度盘座(2)，在度盘座上划有两种刻线、外圈为360度分划制，每刻线为1度。

内圈为6000(密位)分划制，圆周共刻300刻线.每刻线线值为20(密位)，内有磁针(3)，测角器(4)，俯仰角度的分划单位为度.每刻线为25度.可测量俯仰角度士60度。

里程计部分主要由里程分划表、速度时间表(8)、测轮(9)、齿轮指针等组成。

里程分划有l：50000，l：100000两种比例尺刻度值。

1：100000比例尺每刻线相应代表1公里。

l：50000每刻线相应代表0.5公里.可与具有相应比例或成倍比例的地图配合使用。

速度时间表分划有外侧表盘上有13、15、17、19、21、23、25公里/小时，内侧表盘上有10、14、16、18、20、22、2 4、30公里/小时。

(以V代表)，共15种速度。

时间刻度中每一刻线相应代表5分钟(V25为10分钟)。

仪器的侧面有测绘尺，两端为距离估定器。

估定器两尖端长1 2.3毫米，照准与准星间长为123毫米.即为尖端长的10倍。

三、使用方法(一)测定方位1、测定现地东南西北方向(1)打开罗盘仪.使方位指标“△”对准“〇”；(2)转动罗盘仪.待磁针指北端对准“〇”后，此时所指的方向就是北方，在方位玻璃上就可直接读出现地东、南、西、北方向。

2、标定地图方位标定地图方位就是利用罗盘，使地图上的方位和现地方位一致(1)打开仪器，调整度盘座，使方位指标“△”对准本地区的磁偏角度数；(2)以测绘尺与地图上的真子午线或座标纵线(即东、西图廓的内图廓线)相切；(3)转动地图，使磁针北端指向“O’”，则地图上的方位和现地方位完全一致。

司博威登山表博锐系列说明书

TO BE GREATBRAVO博锐user manual用户手册A.功能简介¾时、分、秒、年、月、日及星期显示，年范围2000~2099年¾5组响闹功能：一组带贪睡功能，四组指定日期响闹¾整点报时功能¾秒表功能，99组秒表记录查询，最大计时23小时59分59秒停止¾倒计时功能，最大倒计时99：59：59¾指南针、高度、气压、温度、天气预报功能，及指南针、气压、高度、温度校正功能¾12/24小时制¾世界时间功能，可显示28个城市的时间及夏令时功能¾LCD对比度可设定¾3秒EL背光B.产品功能模式1.在任意模式，按A键一次亮EL3秒。

2.时间功能模式¾按A键一次亮EL3秒；按住A键2秒进入时间设置模式。

¾按B键进入闹铃模式。

¾按C键进入温度及高度测量模式。

¾按D键进入指南针测量模式。

¾按E键进入气压、温度及天气预报测量模式。

时间设置模式¾按住A键2秒，滴一声进入设置时区闪烁，1分钟无按键操作自动退出设置状态，并保留当前设置值。

→对比度b).按E键，被设置项目加1，按住E键快速递增。

c).按C键，被设置项目减1，按住C键快速递减。

d).秒钟设置时，秒在30~59秒按E或C键秒归零，并向分进1；秒在0~29秒，按E或C键秒清0。

e).设置夏令时（DST）时，按E或C键开或关闭(OFF、ON),夏令时开启有‘DST’显示，关闭则无‘DST’显示。

f).在设置12/24小时制时，按E或C键切换12/24时制。

g).在设置对比度时，按E被设置项目加1，按住E键2秒后快速递增；按C键被设置项目减1，按住C键2秒后快速递减。

对比度可设置范围(1~16)。

h).在设置时区时,按E向上调整时区，按C键向下调整时区。

I).按A键退出设置状态.3.闹铃设置模式¾SIG整点报时模式下，按E键，开启或关闭整点报时开启有‘CHIME’显示，关闭则无‘CHIME’显示，按C键顺序切换五组闹铃。

说明书电子指南针

数字罗盘说明书1. Introduction 介绍1.1 功能* 高度计* 数字罗盘* 大气压强（hPa, inHg, mmHg）* 温度 (℃ or ℉)* 256 组历史记录（海拔和大气压强数据）* 天气预报图标的变换（基于大气压强的变化）* 12/24 小时的始终格式* 万年历* 手调时间和日期* LED背光* 织带包含，便于携带1.2 按键功能如果按键不被按动30分钟，（气压变化在0.4Hpa）, LCD 屏幕显示关闭。

按任何键，则恢复到正常显示。

1.2.1 按键“ALTITUDE/+”- 当处于设置模式，按下“ALTITUDE/+”按键，则可以增加值。

- 当处于正常显示模式下，按下“ALTITUDE/+”按键，则可以在大气压强和高度（相对/绝对）之间切换。

- 当处于海拔高度（绝对）显示时，按下“ALTITUDE/+”按键并保持不动2秒，海拔高度（绝对）将会被重置到相对高度，起始值为0 。

当处于相对高度显示时，按下“ALTITUDE/+”按键并保持不动2秒，相对高度将会被重置到海拔高度（绝对）。

备注：当累计高度的显示有需要的情况下，相对高度是很有用的。

1.2.2 按键“COMPASS/-”- 当处于设置模式，按下“COMPASS/-”按键，则可以减少值。

- 当处于正常显示模式下，按下“COMPASS/-”按键，则可以进入罗盘模式- 当处于罗盘模式下，按下“COMPASS/-”按键，则可以切换显示数字模式和指针模式。

- 按下“COMPASS/-”按键并保持不动2秒，则进入校正模式。

1.2.3 按键“SET”- 当处于正常显示模式下，按下“SET”按键，可以切换到时间和日期。

-当处于正常显示模式下，按下“SET”按键并保持不动6秒，则进入节能模式：LCD 关闭，但是，时钟还在工作。

此时，按下任何按键，将返回到正常的LCD 显示模式。

-当处于正常显示模式下，按下“SET”按键并保持不动2秒，则进入设置模式。

指南针使用说明

1.测方位角：展开指北针，转动方位框使方位玻璃上的刻度线与方向指标相对正，将平视镜斜放（45°）单眼通过准星瞄向目标，从平视镜反射看到磁针N极所对反字表牌上方位分划，既可读出目标方位角，然后用右手转动方位框使方位玻璃上的刻度线与磁针N极对准，此时方向指标与方位玻璃刻度线所夹之角即为目标方位角（按顺时针方向计算）。

打开指北针，标定好地图（测距时可不标定地图），在图上基准点处插一扎针，转动指北针，使侧尺边切于目标点，即可判读出基准点至目标点的方位角。

2.标定地图：展开指北针，转动方位框，使方位框上的刻度线字与方向指标对准（注意磁偏角的修正），将指北针平放在地图上，准星一端朝向地图北极，使坐标梯尺长与地图磁子午线相切，转动地图使磁针N极对准方位玻璃上的刻度线，此时地图即已标定。

3.求向掩蔽目标行进的行军方向：展开指北针于地图上，使测绘尺经过的图上本人立足点与行军目标，这时方向指标即指应行进的方向。

转动方位框使方位玻璃上的（S、N)方向与地图上的（S、N）方向一致，然后记下方向指标所指方位角读数，面对方向指标拿起指北针旋转身体，使磁针N极与方位玻璃上的刻度线对准，此时通过准星照门向前对准，在此对准线上的各物体（如树林、房屋等）都可作为行军方向的辅助目标，认清辅助目标后即可对之前进。

将指北针关闭装入袋内，但勿转动方位框，到达辅助目标后即可再找一新辅助目标继续前进，直到目的地为止，沿途应经常检查方向读数。

4.已知目标的间隔，估测目标至站立点之间的距离：①通过照门和准星左右两尖端瞄准目标，根据目标的间隔所占准星左右两尖端间宽度的倍数，按10:1的比例公式估算目标的距离。

目标与站立点的距离（米）=目标间隔宽度（米）x10/目标间隔占准星两尖端宽度的倍数例：前方有一公路与我方阵地平行，求公路与阵地的距离。

沿公路有电杆，杆间距离为50米，用距离估定器测得左右两尖端有电杆5根，即每两杆间隔占左右两尖端间距离的1/4倍。

Silva Ranger系列指南针说明书

A PRECISION INSTRUMENT DESIGNED FOR PROFESSIONAL USE.INSTRUCTION MANUALRANGER COMPASS model: 515Y our Silva Ranger series compass is a precision instrument made by experienced special-ists in this field; it is the finest hand compass available for professional use. Y our Silva Ranger is finely crafted to withstand rigors associated with the outdoor professions. It is a rugged, durable piece of equipment that, with proper care, will remain dependable and accurate.W e recommend that you read this manual to understand the basic functions of the com-pass. When you read, keep in mind that no two compass applications are identical.The instructions given here are intended to provide you with a working knowledge that you will be able to apply in almost any situation.T he illustrated 360 Degree Graduations are based on standard dial graduations of 360 degrees, in 2º increments. With this graduation North is 0º and increases clockwise so East is 90º, South is 180º, West is 270º and 360º is again North. 0º and 360º are the same direction.T he Silva Ranger Model 515CLQ has Quadrant Graduations. With this graduation North is 0º and increases clockwise so East is 90º then it decreases so South is 0º then increases so West is 90º and then decreases so North is 0º. Instructions inthis manual will apply to this graduation except when it is necessary to refer to the proper “quadrant,” such as North 20º East, or North 15º West, or South 40º East or South l0º West.compass coverluminous pointsbase plateblack clinometerpointermagnetic needle withred north2X magnifierscale in mm sightmirrorsighting lineindex pointer orienting arrow with red north endmeridian linesliquid filled capsulebezel with2º graduationsscale in inchesGENERaL SuGGESTIoNSY our Silva Ranger compass may be used for finding directions with or without the aid of the sighting mirror. LEaRN BoTH Wa YS.1. When extreme accuracy required: With the sighting mirror, hold compass ateye level with cover opened to an acute angle.2. When quick accuracy required: With the sighting line as a direction pointer,hold the compass at waist level with cover wide open. In either instance, thecompass must be held level enough to permit the needle to swing freely.B e aware of nearby iron or steel objects. They may attract the magnetic needle if veryclose to compass. Even a hidden nail can deflect the needle if too close.a small bubble may form in the liquid compass, but it has no influence on accuracy. Theappearance and disappearance of this bubble is due to changes in temperature and atmospheric pressure. Bubbles larger than 1/4" diameter, however, should be viewed with suspicion and probably are caused by a leaking capsule.T o increase their brilliance,expose the luminous points to bright light before use.P rotect your compass from high temperatures extremes. The heat expanded liquid could damage the capsule.THE CLINoMETERT he SILVa Ranger compasses are practical instruments for measuring angles of inclina-tion. The long side of the compass coincides with the slope of the terrain. Measure an angle of inclination in the following way:1 open the lid completely.2.T urn the dial so that the cardinal point “W” on the dial is set at the index pointer.3. Hold he compass at eye level with arms out-stretched so that the clinometer needleis hanging vertically and follows the scale in the bottom of the compass housing. “S”on the compass should point down.4. Let one long side of the compass coincide with the slope of the terrain— the incli-nation you wish to measure.5. Read the angle of inclination at the point of the clinometer needle.RuLES of uSET wo separate sets of rules apply to the use of a magnetic compass. one set applies if you work “from map to terrain.” In this case you take “map bearings.” In the following,Sections a, B, C, D and E deal with “from map to terrain.”E xactly opposite rules apply if you work “from terrain to map.” In this case you use “fieldbearings,” also called “magnetic bearings” and “compass bearings,” Sections f, G and H deal with “from terrain to map.”T he word “map” is broadly interpreted to also include charts, descriptions and even a mental picture of the terrain.BaSIC CoNDITIoNS To DETERMINE fIELD DIRECTIoNS Section AT o use the compass to indicate directions in the field, two basic conditions must always be accomplished. These are:1. The dial must be set to the desired degree reading. If the degree or direction isknown, turn the dial to the correct reading at the index pointer. If the degree isunknown, then it should be obtained from a suitable map.2. Without changing the dial setting, the entire compass must be positioned so thatthe orienting arrow lines up with the magnetic needle and the red end of needle lies between the two orienting points.W hen both conditions are fulfilled, the desired direction is indicated by the sighting line or by the sight.DETERMINE DIRECTIoNS WITHouT THE SIGHTSection BT o fulfill the two conditions described in Sect. a:Set dial according to Sect. a (1) With the dial set, open the cover wide and hold it waist high in front of you. The sight and sighting line should be pointing ahead of you not back toward your body. The sighting line now acts as a pointer. T urn your-self and compass together until the orienting arrow is lined up with the magnetic needle. This accomplishes Sect. a (2) and the sighting line now will be pointing the correct direction.While still holding the compass, imagine a line extending exactly straight out from the sighting line. Y our objective lies along that imaginary line.DETERMINE DIRECTIoNS WITH a SIGHTSection CT o fulfill the two conditions described in Sect. a:Set the dial according to Sect. a (1).Hold the compass at eye level and adjust the cover to a 50º—70º opening. The mirror should reflect a top view of the compass dial.While looking in the mirror, move your sighting eye sideways until you see the sighting line intersect one of the two luminous points.Without changing the relationship between compass and eye, pivot yourself and compass together until you see, in the mirror, that the orienting arrow is lined up with themagnetic needle and the red end of needle is between the orienting points. Thisaccomplishes Sect. a (2).Y our direction or objective will now lie straight beyond the sight.NoTE: Be sure to keep the base plate level so magnetic needle can turn freely. When sight-ing uphill or downhill, lower the sighting eye in relation to the compass.NoTE: a greater than 70º cover opening will increase the parallax effect and could cause as much as a 5º reading error.oBTaIN a BEaRING fRoM a MaPSection DW e state in Sect. a, that one of the two conditions for using the Silva Ranger is to setthe dial at the desired degree reading. If this degree or bearing is not known, it can be determined from a map. Y our compass is also a protractor with a transparent bottom in the dial housing. T wo steps are required:1. Lay the compass on the map so either the inch scale or the millimeter scale isexactly on (or parallel with) the line on the map you wish to travel, and the hinged cover points in the direction of travel.2. Hold the compass in position on the map, turn the dial so the meridian lines of thecompass are exactly parallel with any meridian (North-South) line on the map, and the letter “N” on top of the dial is toward North on the map.R emove the compass from the map. These two steps set your compass for the degree reading to your destination. This reading may be read at the index pointer. Y ou fulfilled the first basic condition in Sect. a. Proceed to Sect. B or C.aBouT DECLINaTIoNSection ET he magnetic needle in a compass is attracted by the magnetism of the Earth. This is why it always points to the constantly shifting Magnetic North where the magnetic lines of force come together. There is another “North Pole.” T rue North is static and located geographically, maps and directions usually are based on T rue North.M agnetic declination is the angle between T rue North and Magnetic North. The amount of declination at any given point depends on the location of that point on the continent.Where T rue and Magnetic North are in the same direction, the declination is zero.In North america a line of zero declination runs roughly from west of Hudson Bay down along Lake Michigan to the Gulf Coast in western florida. at any point west of that line, your compass needle will point east of T rue North. This is called “Easterly Declination.” at any point east of that zero line, your compass needle will point west of T rue North. This is called “Westerly Declination.” In North america, magnetic decli-nation varies from 30º east in alaska to 30º west in Labrador. See diagram on page 9. allow for DeclinationW here accuracy is not critical, ignore magnetic declination, especially in areas where the declination is minor. Y ou may also ignore it when the compass is used without refer-ence to maps and is based on field bearings only.W hen the compass is used with a map or in connection with map bearings, adjustment should be made. There are two methods to accomplish this:1. T emporary Method. Y ou must redo every time you wish to apply it.find the amount of declination in their area and whether it is easterly or westerly. This information is on topographic maps of the area.T ake your bearing from the map as described in Sect. D. and observe the degree read-ing at the index pointer.T urn the dial to increase or decrease that reading according to the declination. Easterly, decrease the dial reading and westerly, increase the reading.for example, if your bearing from the map is l00º and the declination is 10º East,DECREaSE the reading 10º by turning the dial to 90º. If the declination is 10º West, INCREaSE the reading of l00º to read 110º.2. Permanent Method. Y our compass is equipped with an offsetting mechanism to allowfor declination. If you use the compass extensively in one locality, once set, you need not make further allowances. The adjustment simultaneously takes care of both map bearings and field bearings.The offsetting mechanism consists of two bottoms in the compass dial housing, oneof which can be offset in relation to the other by means of a declination adjustingscrew located on the underside of the base plate. The orienting lines and the declina-tion scale are engraved on one bottom. The orienting arrow and the orienting points are on the other. as you turn the adjusting screw you change the angle between the orienting lines and the orienting arrow. It is this angle that should correspond to the declination of your area. a screwdriver, provided for this purpose, is tied onto thelanyard.for example, if the declination in your area is 10º west, turn the adjusting screw sothat the orienting arrow points to 10º on the “west” side of the declination scale.If your declination is 10º east, adjust the orienting arrow to 10º on the “east” sideof the declination scale. use the black index line of the orienting arrow to make an accurate setting.NoTE: The declination offsetting mechanism is set at zero at the factory. use the zero set-ting for all compass operations which involve no allowance for declination or in which the temporary allowance is being used. If the declination scale does not read zero, set it to zero with the adjusting screw.NoTE: When the orienting arrow is not set at zero, it becomes obvious that the orienting lines and the orienting arrow serve different purposes. The orienting lines are used to line up with orienting lines on the map. The orienting arrow is used to line up with the magnetic needle when using compass in the field.TakE a BEaRINGSection Fa“bearing” is the direction or the degree reading from one object to another. one of those objects is usually You. T o “take” a bearing means to DETERMINE the direction from one object to another.1. Bearings are taken from a map as in Sect. D. The “bearing” is the degree reading indi-cated at the index pointer.2. Bearings can be taken on the terrain, by reversing the steps in Sect. B and C. Whenusing the compass without the sight, open the cover wide and hold it level, at waist high, in front of you. The sight and sighting line should be pointing straight ahead of you. The sighting line acts as a pointer. Pivot yourself and compass together untilthe sighting line points straight to the object on which you are taking the bearing.Without changing position of the compass, carefully turn the dial until the orienting arrow and the magnetic needle are lined up and with the red end of needle lyingbetween the two orienting points. The “bearing” to your object is now the degree reading indicated at the index pointer.3. Bearings can be taken by using the sight. Hold the compass at eye level and adjustcover so top of the dial is seen in mirror. face toward your object and sight object across compass sight. Look in the mirror and adjust position of compass so thatthe sighting line intersects one of the luminous points. While you simultaneouslysee your object across the sight, and the sighting line across one of the luminouspoints, turn the dial so that the orienting arrow is lined up with the needle, red end between the orienting points. The “bearing” to your object is now the degree read-ing indicated at the index pointer.aDjuST fIELD BEaRINGS foR DECLINaTIoNSection G1.The permanent adjustment for declination eliminates need for further adjustment.2. T o accomplish the temporary adjustment for field bearing declination: T ake a bearingas described in Sect. f and observe the degree reading at the index pointer. T urn the dial to increase or decrease that reading according to the declination. If declination of your area is easterly, increase your dial reading by the amount of declination. Ifwesterly, decrease the reading.for example, assume your field bearing is 100º. If the declination is 10º east, INCREaSE the reading 10º by turning the dial to read 110º. If the declination is 10º west,DECREaSE the reading of 100º to read 90º.NoTE: The instructions for a “temporary” adjustment for declination of a field bearing are exactly opposite from the temporary adjustment of a map bearing.NoTE:The declination scale should be set at zero for all compass operations which involve noA “Short-Cut” Method to Deal with Declination:W hen the compass is used with a map, no adjustment is necessary if the orienting lines on the map are drawn according to Magnetic North instead of T rue North. Mosttopographic maps are drawn according to T rue North and the orienting lines are also according to T rue North.D raw your own orienting line according to Magnetic North:on all topographic maps, there is a declination diagram near the bottom. The star line designates T rue North and is parallel with the orienting lines. However, the single barb arrow designates Magnetic North. Draw your own Magnetic North orienting lines by drawing 1" or 2" lines across the map that are parallel to the Magnetic North arrow.use these lines instead of the T rue North lines when setting your compass and you will not need to adjust for declination.PLoT LoCaTIoNS oN a MaPSection IT riangulation method:find two specific sites (a) and (b) on the map which you recognize, by sight, on the terrain. These are the chosen points from which to take cross bearings.adjust your compass for the declination of your area by the permanent method.T ake a bearing to the first site (a)— without disturbing the dial setting.Place the compass on the map so that either side of the base plate intersects thesymbol for the chosen site (a). keep the edge of compass base plate on the symboland turn entire compass on the map until the compass orienting lines in the bottom of the dial are parallel with the orienting lines on the map, and so that the orienting arrow points upward on the map (North).NoTE: orienting arrow may be slightly off of North because of declination adjustment.Draw a line on the map along the edge of the compass, intersecting the symbol. Y ou are somewhere along this line. T o establish your position along this line, you needanother bearing.T ake a bearing to the second site (b) and mark a line as you did with site (a). This line will intersect the first line. Where the lines cross is your exact position.BE EXPERT WITH MaP aND CoMPaSS, Second EditionBjörn kjellströmT his new and enlarged edition includes everything you need to know about the skill of orienteering; how to use a map and compass, alone or together. The text includes a series of games and exercises which encourage self-training. Each copy of the book also contains a sample training map to help you put newfound knowledge into practice.Required reading for the beginner in map and compass work.Johnson Outdoors Inc. © 2007 p/n 5793150C 2-07Johnson Outdoors Inc.625 Conklin Road Binghamton, NY 13903 Johnson Outdoors Inc. Canada 4180 Harvester Road Burlington, ontario Canada L7L 6B6 1.905.634.0023 fax 1.800.661.1170。

指南针使用手册

指南针使用手册1.概述高精度指南针拥有8个方位指示LED 灯，一键设置按钮，UART 串口输出。

2.图解3.使用指南针每次到新的环境中使用，都需要进行消磁和置零点操作。

当您打开控制器电源，看到指南针的方向指示灯点亮后，就可开始进行以上操作。

首先，需要消磁，请按如下步骤操作。

操作指示灯状态按住操作按钮不放，指南针会逐个点亮指示灯，当第二个灯亮起时，放开按钮，进入消磁状态8个灯闪烁缓慢旋转指南针或机器人，使8个灯闪烁指南针记忆该场地的磁场环境。

持续三圈以上。

要点：指南针水平，旋转速度要慢。

短按操作按钮，结束消磁单个指示灯亮，指示方向设置零点,请按照如下步骤操作：操作指示灯状态单个指示灯亮，指示方向将机器人至于场地，并且将指南针水平放置，按钮位于右手边，零度角LED（见图解）对准需要标定的0度位置短按操作按钮，设置0度位置单个指示灯亮，指示0度新的方向4.编程1.流程图2.代码#include"RobotLib.h"int com_1=0;void main(){com_1 = Compass_Degree();}代码中 com_1是自定义的变量，函数 Compass_Degree() 功能为得到指南针的数值，赋值后，com_1的值即为指南针的值。

5.参数参数数值工作电压 4.5V – 5.5V输出接口串口波特率 9600数据更新速率 240 次每秒传输速度 4.2毫秒每次分辨率 < 0.5度重复精度 < 1.5度。

1 认识指南针(西维氏式)

1. 認識指南針（西維氏式）1.1 指南針簡介指南針（羅盤），是量度方位的工具，其指針（磁針）之兩端分別指向南及北方。

而指向北方之指針多塗上顏色（紅色或螢光劑），以便辨別及晚間使用。

1.2 指南針種類-稜鏡式（Prismatic Compass）：用三稜鏡折射原理，令目標點及觀察者之位置能置放直線內，使能快速閱讀方位度數。

-西維氏式（Silva Type Compass）：瑞典出產，輕便實用；用透明膠底板，易於放在地圖之上量度方位，距離和劃線。

-其他式樣：包括航海用的及航空用的羅盤，其形狀設計和構造較上兩類指南針更為特別及精密。

更具防磁、防震、防干擾及轉盤水平自動調節。

1.3 指南針保養- 存放和使用時需要保持水平，使磁針能自由轉動；- 避免指南針受到碰撞；- 切勿接近鐵器，電器和有磁性物件（指南針）；- 指南針使用後需要清潔表面污垢；- 如指南針內出現氣泡或磁針鬆脫，代表指南針的已經失去功能。

2. 閱讀指南針2.1 指南針的方位表示法- 羅盤法基本分為四方位，即東（E）、南（S）、西（W）、北（N）。

較精密者可分為八方位，十六方位，及三十二方位。

（圖一）例：NE（North-East，東北）、NNE（North Norht-East，東北偏北或東北北）- -- 象限法將羅盤分為四個象限（N、E、S、W）。

當表示方位時，如在觀測者的北面，則方位角度為由北向西或由北向東起計；如方位在觀測者的南面，則方位角度則由南向西或由南向東起計。

（圖二）例：在觀測者0的位置，A的方位為N50° E（北50° 東）B的方位為S14° E（南14° 東）C的方位為S60° W（南60° 西）D的方位為N67° W（北67° 西）- 方位角法（方位法）方位角正北（0° ）起順時針方向去量度，香港主要使用的方位法是度（Degree System），將圓周分為三百六十份（360° ），零度為正北。

军用指南针说明书

军用指南针说明书一、用途六.二式罗盘仪是测定方位、距离、水平、坡度(俯仰角度)、高度、行军间速度及测绘简单地图的一种简易测量器材，为便于夜间使用，在其各相应部位上涂有夜光粉。

二、结构简单介绍仪器主要由罗盘、里程计两部分构成。

罗盘部分有提环(l)，度盘座(2)，在度盘座上划有两种刻线、外圈为360度分划制，每刻线为1度。

里程计部分主要由里程分划表、速度时间表(8)、测轮(9)、齿轮指针等组成。

里程分划有l：50000，l：100000两种比例尺刻度值。

1：100000比例尺每刻线相应代表1公里。

l：50000每刻线相应代表0.5公里.可与具有相应比例或成倍比例的地图配合使用。

速度时间表分划有外侧表盘上有13、15、17、19、21、23、25公里/小时，内侧表盘上有10、14、16、18、20、22、24、30公里/小时。

(以V代表)，共15种速度。

时间刻度中每一刻线相应代表5分钟(V25为10分钟)。

仪器的侧面有测绘尺，两端为距离估定器。

估定器两尖端长12.3毫米，照准与准星间长为123毫米.即为尖端长的10倍。

3、测定磁方位角A测定图上目标的磁方位角(1)用指北针精确标定地图并保持地图不动；(2)将测绘尺与所在点和目标点的连线相切，调整度盘座，使指标“△”对准“O”刻划线；(3)待磁针静止后，其北端所指度盘座上的刻度即为所在点至目标点的磁方位角数值。

指南针P26841 操作指南说明书

Contact Blocks21AdapterLocating NibOperatorRatingsHazardous Location Class I Division 2 pushbuttons and indicat-ing lights include both the 10250T and E34 corrosion-resistant product lines. The 10250T1H (CBFS) factory-sealed contact blocks have one NO and one NC contact.For use on a flat surface of Type 1, 2, 3, 3S*, 3R, 4, 4X,12 and 13 enclosures.* Applies to indicating lights only.UL Listed and CSA Certified for Class I Division 2Groups B, C, D, and Class I Zone 2, Group IIB + H2.DEVICES10250T/E34 Pushbuttons and Indicating Lights Class I Division 2 Application and Installation InstructionsContact Ratings ............................................. A600, Q300Ingress Protection ..................................................... IP65T emperature Codes per NEC Table 500-5(d) for indicating lights and illuminated operators having a maximum tempera-ture over 100°C:10250T E34Temp. code 201H RB120H T3C 471H SB120H T3C 80H-T3C All selector switches with lamp 120MB T3C 202H RB240H T3A 472HSB240H T3B 81H-T3B All illuminated devices with lamp 1835T4ALENTILLEOperator And Adapter Assembly1. Assemble adapter to operator or light unit and torquemounting screws to 7 – 9.5 lb-in (0.8 – 1.07 Nm).2. Assemble contact block to adapter and torque mountingscrews to 12 – 16 lb-in (1.36 – 1.81 Nm). Contact block mounting location “1” is referenced to the panel locat-ing nib on operator. See illustrations.®IND. CONT. EQ.FOR HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS. A1622Instructional Leaflet P26841Effective July 201410250T/E34 Pushbuttons And Indicating LightsEATON Mounting1. Drill mounting hole for vertical or horizontal mount-ing per the matrix below and diagram to the right.2. Ensure sealing gasket is in place on the operator.Align locating nib on operator with notch in panel and insert through mounting hole. If notched hole is not desired, remove locating nib by placing a flat head screwdriver between nib and operator and prying outward. Note: When using protective boots, see special instruction publication 20437 for place-ment of sealing gasket.3. Place legend plate and mounting nut over operator.Tighten mounting nut securely (5 lb-ft / 6.8 Nm). 4. If applicable, assemble lenses, mushroom buttons,etc. to operator. Tighten selector switch set screw to 8 – 12 lb-in (0.9 – 1.35 Nm). Note: Ensure lens is securely tightened to provide oiltight and watertight seal.For ease of assembly, the following tools are recom-mended: 10250TA95 or E22CW for tighening octagonal nuts. 10250TA74 — lamp removal tool for transformertype light units. E30KV1 — lamp removal tool for full voltage light units.Mounting MatrixPanel Spacing And Drilling DrawingsLegend Dimensions in Inches (mm)Plate A B CDSmall 72.6 (2.87)57.2 (2.25)57.2 (2.25)72.6 (2.87)Jumbo72.6 (2.87)58.6 (2.32)58.6 (2.32)72.6 (2.87)Extra Large72.6 (2.87)65.2 (2.56)64.1 (2.52)72.6 (2.87)10250T/E34 Pushbuttons And Indicating Lights Instructional Leaflet P26841Effective July 2014 EATON Selector Switch Selection And Assembly — Refer T o Contact Block Selection Charts1. Select intended schematic circuit function. Note inyour “cam” column the type of contact (NO or NC), the “1” and “2” circuit locations, and any series orparallel jumper connections that may be required.2. Choose contact blocks that have the requiredschematic circuits and assemble in any convenientsequence that fulfills the “1” and “2” circuit location requirements.3. If applicable, assemble the operator cap.Recommended, set screw tightening torque forselector switches is 8 – 12 lb-in (0.9 – 1.35 Nm).4. The two sections of the operating cam work indepe-ndently. It is important that the contact blocks beoriented with their plungers in the correct “1” and“2” circuit locations. The drawing to the right identi-fies these positions with respect to the locating nib on operator or marked top.5. Assembled operators are factory set for VerticalMounting. For Horizontal Mounting, loosen the setscrew and assemble with the locating nib on the left. otee:N Circuits shown illustrate connections to obtain a selector circuit combination and are shown with their appropriate line dia-grams in BOLD. Field wiring of jumper connections are required as shown.Mounting Location Of Contact Blocks With Respect T o Operator Locating Nib.2-Position Selector SwitchNumber Desired Circuit and Cam Code #1Operator PositionContact Blocks andMounting Location121X O2O X4-Position Selector SwitchNo.Desired Circuit and Operator Position Cam Code #7Contact Blocks andMounting Location12 1X OO O2O X O O3O O X O4O O O X5X O O X6O X X O7O O X X8X X O O9O X O X10X O X ONC NCNO NOororNCNONONCNC (Parallel) NCNO (Parallel) NONO (Parallel) NCNC (Parallel) NONO/NC(Parallel)NO/NC(Parallel)t i u c r i Cn e pO=Ot i u c r i Cd e s o l C=X3-Position Selector SwitchNo.Desired Circuit and Cam Code #2Cam Code #3 Operator PositionContact Blocks and Contact Blocks andMounting Location Mounting Location12121X O O 2X X O 3X O X 4O O X 5O X X 6O X O NO (Series) NC NONC NCNO NO (Parallel) NONO NONC (Parallel) NO NCNC NC (Series) NC3Instructional Leaflet P26841Effective July 201410250T/E34 Pushbuttons And Indicating LightsEaton1000 Eaton Boulevard Cleveland, OH 44122United States © 1999 EatonAll Rights ReservedPublication No. P26841 / 004August 2014Eaton is a registered trademark.All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.ne p O t c a t n o C = O d e s o l C t c a t n o C = XPush-Pull Operators — Contact Block Selection And AssemblyThe illustration to the right assists in the selection of contact blocks. Symbols 1 and 2 show locations of contact circuits after assembly of contact blocks and adapter to the operator. The chart below shows the effects of the push and pull operations on either NO or NC contacts.Grounding Of 10250T And E34 Components General With any electrical component there is the possibility of a loose wire, moisture, etc. causing a short circuit between the component and ground. If the device is adequatelygrounded, the condition causes the protective fuse or circuit breaker to open and remove the potential. If not, an electri-cal hazard may remain unnoticed.Grounding Nibs — 10250TThe 10250T operator is designed to make direct metallic contact to the rear of the panel (with no intervening spacer washers to interfere with component-to-panel ground con-tinuity). As a further aid in establishing an electrical ground, the operator has four metal points (“grounding nibs”)designed to penetrate most paints or other protective coat-ings.Penetration of these nibs is dependent upon the torque applied to the mounting nut. Recommended torque is 5 ft-lbs (6.8 Nm). More or less may be necessary to penetrate the specific type and thickness of your panel coating. Test for continuity to ground after installation. If a short circuit to ground does occur, the fault should be corrected and the device replaced.Earth Ground T erminals — E34These devices are supplied with an integral earth/ground terminal. A 6-32 terminal screw will accommodate ring type terminations for bonding to international specifications.Earth T erminalNibs。

指南针的基本操作方法

指南针的基本操作方法下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!Download Tip: This document has been carefully written by the editor. I hope that after you download, they can help you solve practical problems. After downloading, the document can be customized and modified. Please adjust and use it according to actual needs. Thank you!指南针基本操作方法：①环境选择：在户外开阔地带使用指南针，远离大型金属物体、高压电线等可能干扰磁场的源头。

②校准调整：确保指南针水平放置，不受倾斜影响。

部分电子指南针需进行校准，按照说明书操作。

③辨认方向：观察指北针（磁针），红色一端指向地理北极，由此可区分北方和其他方向。

南半球使用时，某些指南针指向的是磁南极，需特别留意标识。

④地图定向：展开地图，使地图上的北方向与指南针北端对齐，可使用“地图与实地对照法”辅助定位，即手持指南针，转动身体直至地图上的方位与实际地形相符。

⑤确定行进路线：决定目标方向后，在地图上标出路径，转动罗盘刻度盘，使刻度盘上的“北”与指北针北端对齐，读取所需前进方向的角度。

⑥行进指引：握持指南针平视前方，转动身体直至指北针北端与罗盘“北”重合，此时前行方向即为所求方向。

途中可多次重复此步骤，确保始终沿正确路径前进。

⑦地标参照：结合周围自然地标（如山峰、河流方向）与指南针指示，交叉验证行进方向，提高导航准确性。

⑧夜间使用：黑暗环境中，可借助指南针内置的夜光功能或搭配手电筒照明，确保清晰读数。

Arjo Silhouette Sling 快速参考指南说明书

99950 R e v 06, E N , Q u i c k R e f e r e n c e G u i d e , S i l h o u e t t e S l i n g s , F e b r u a r y 2022Silhouette SlingImportant! This quick reference guide does not replace the user manual which can be downloadedRead all instructions before use!Important! This sling has been designed and tested for indoor use with one patient at a time and must only be used for transferring a person. This product is not a swing.1231. Sling height2. Aperture3. Sling width4. Leg straps5. Head support6. Three position strapsTo and/or from a bedThis sling is suitable forTo and/or from a chairModel #25015Model #25019Sling FeaturesModel #25015• Suitable for patients with poor trunk stability• Narrow design is ideal for smaller older ladies • Can be used for bathingModel #25019• Breathable material ideal for pain sensitive users • No reinforcements or padding• Allow transfer of moisture and heat from patientSuspension Options✓ 2-PointSuspension✓ 3-PointSuspension✓ 4-PointSuspensionCheck that the same colour straps are used to achieve level loading and that the loops are securely fastened in the carry bar hook.General CarePolyester Net - 25015, 25018InspectionSix Month Inspection - The sling stitching must be checked to ensure that the seams are intact. The fabric must be checked to ensure it holds its shape and is rigid. The label must be clear and legible.Daily Inspection - Always inspect the sling for visible signs of damage and/or wear before use.Plan the moving and lifting process to ensure it is as safe as possible. If necessary, have two caregivers perform the transfer.Fabric FeaturesPolyester Net - 25015, 25018Flexible and airyA soft, thin material that breathes and dries quickly. This fabric has some elasticity and can be left behind the patient in a chair or bed for a short period of time. Polyester Net is ideal for bathing and showering.bHVCNever leave a patient unattended in the sling!Soft Air Mesh - 25019Soft and comfortableExclusive to Human Care, this flame retardant material provides optimal comfort. It is a breathable material that can be left behind the patient as it does not promote skin breakdown. Ideal for patients with pain.Soft Air Mesh - 25019bHVCSLING TOO LARGE Patient may slip out.SLING TOO SMALL Patient may slip out. Condition mayworsen.Always measure in the seated position.Refer to the user manual for the nearest comparible size.Maximum weight capacity 660lb/300kg99950 R e v 06, E N , Q u i c k R e f e r e n c e G u i d e , S i l h o u e t t e S l i n g s , F e b r u a r y 2022Applying sling from a seated positionStand behind or to the side of the patient and hold the sling with the label facing up and away from the patient. Have patient lean forward (assist ifneeded).Place sling behind patient’s back. The bottom of the sling should be in line with patient’s coccyx. Pull the leg sections through to the front of the pa-tient. Raise each leg and pull the leg strap under patient’s legs.Important! The leg straps should surround the hips and be pulled to the same length on both sides! Colour match the loops! Do not let the material fold under the patient!Position legs (may be neces-sary to lift legs). Note: if lifting with a 2-point or 4-point suspen-sion, cross the leg straps. For a 3-point suspension, draw one leg strap through the loop of theother leg strap.Lower the lift to the height of the patient’s chest and affix the upper straps followed by the leg straps, ensuring colours are matched. Hold the lift with one hand away from the patient and slowly raise.Applying sling from a supine positionBend the knee and pull the leg straps through and around the leg. Note: if lifting with a 2-pointor 4-point suspension, crossthe leg straps. For a 3-point suspension, draw one leg strap through the loop of the other leg strap.Important! The leg straps should surround the hips and be pulled to the same length onboth sides! Colour match the loops! Do not let the material fold under the patient!Lower the lift to the height of the patient’s chest and affix the upper straps followed by the leg straps, ensuring colours are matched. Hold the lift with one hand away from the patient and slowly raise.Positioning the legsOpen position : To achieve this position, bring the leg supports up between the thighs and attach the leg straps to the end of the carry bar.Divided position : To achieve this position, bring the leg supports up between thea cross over style.Divided relaxed position : To leg supports up between theto the center of the carry bar.Closed position : To achieve this position, pull one leg support, then the other under both thighs and attach to the end of the carry bar.Positioning the bodyUpright position : To achieve this position, use the short loops of the head and shoulder straps and the long loops of the leg straps.Reclined position : To achieve this position, use the middle or long loops of the head and shoulder straps and the middle or short loops of the leg straps.Models: 25015, 25018, 25019Human Care HC AB. All Rights Reserved.Order of strap attachmentImportant!Shoulder loops should always be attached before the leg loops. Attaching the leg loops first may cause risk of the patient sliding out if the lifting process is started and all the straps are not secure.。

指南针技术指标使用说明

指南针技术指标使用说明一、前言指南针是一种常见的导航工具，它可以帮助人们在未知的环境中确定方向。

随着科技的发展，指南针也在不断地升级和改进。

本文将介绍指南针的技术指标及使用说明。

二、技术指标1. 磁力计灵敏度磁力计灵敏度是指磁力计对磁场变化的响应能力。

通常用单位电压下输出信号的变化量来表示，单位为mV/Gauss或mV/nT。

灵敏度越高，指南针对磁场变化的响应越快，精度越高。

2. 稳定性稳定性是指指南针在不同环境下保持稳定读数的能力。

包括温度、湿度、震动等因素对其影响程度。

稳定性越好，说明该指南针适用范围更广。

3. 分辨率分辨率是指指南针最小可测量角度或方向变化量。

通常用角度或弧度表示。

分辨率越高，精度越高。

4. 误差误差是指实际测量值与理论值之间的偏差。

误差包括系统误差和随机误差。

系统误差是由于仪器本身的不确定性造成的，随机误差是由于环境因素引起的。

5. 响应时间响应时间是指指南针从检测到磁场变化到输出结果的时间。

响应时间越短，精度越高。

三、使用说明1. 使用前请保持指南针平稳，避免受到外力干扰。

2. 使用时，请确保周围环境没有强磁场或金属物体干扰，否则会影响精度。

3. 在使用过程中，如发现指南针读数不稳定或有明显偏差，请重新校准。

4. 指南针在使用过程中需要注意防水、防震、防尘等措施，以保证其长期稳定运行。

5. 如需更高精度的测量结果，请选择灵敏度更高、分辨率更好的指南针。

6. 使用时请注意电池电量，及时更换电池以保证正常使用。

四、结语以上就是指南针技术指标及使用说明的详细介绍。

希望本文能够帮助读者更好地了解和使用指南针，在未知环境中更准确地确定方向。

指南针使用说明

指南针使用说明目录1.指南针的原理和历史 (1)1.1.指南针的原理 (1)1.2.指南针的历史 (1)2.指南针的类型 (2)3.指南针的结构 (4)3.1.军用指南针的基本结构 (4)3.2.荧光点 (5)3.3.反光镜 (6)3.4.DQY-1型指南针的基本结构 (6)4.指南针的主要功能和使用方法 (7)4.1.测定方位 (7)4.2.测量距离 (8)4.3.行军时间及速度计算 (9)4.4.测定斜面的坡度（俯仰角度） (10)4.5.测量目标概略高度 (11)4.6.DQY-1型指南针主要功能 (11)5.应用：天线方位角的定位方法和下倾角测量 (12)5.1.规划选点中确定扇区天线的方位角 (12)5.2.优化中测量已安装天线的方位角 (12)5.3.天线下倾角的粗略测量 (13)6.应用：指南针与地图的配合使用 (13)6.1.利用指南针探知现在所在位置的步骤 (13)6.2.用指南针探知前进的方向 (14)7.指南针使用的注意事项 (14)8.附录：密位的概念 (15)1.指南针的原理和历史说明：指南针是民间的通常称呼，在军事上正式名称为指北针或军用指北针，在地质上使用的称为地质罗盘仪，本文通称指南针。

1.1.指南针的原理指南针是利用地球磁场作用来指示北方的，利用的是磁场同极性相斥、异极性相吸的原理，然后以北方为起始点，定其为零度，顺时针方向依序确定各方位角，可由此来指示方向。

定位上必须配合地图的运用来寻求相对位置才能明了自身所处之处。

注意指南针所指的北不是真北，而是磁北，这是因为地球南、北极和地磁南、北极不在一个位置上，而是有一个角度，这个角度叫磁偏角。

不同地点的磁偏角一般是不同的，同一地点的磁偏角也因时而变。

1.2.指南针的历史指南针是中国古代四大发明之一，也是中国对世界文明发展的一项重大贡献。

指南针是利用磁铁在地球磁场中的南北极极性而制成的一种指向仪器，磁石的这种特性，被古人利用来制成指南工具。

Navigator 600 Silica Silica 分析器说明书

Navigator 600 SilicaSilica analyzerCost-effective automated monitoring of silica for a widerange of applicationsLowest cost-of-ownership—up to 90 % lower reagent consumption than competitors' analyzers—labour-saving 5 minute annual maintenance and up to 3 months unattended operation—field upgradeable from 2 to 4; 2 to 6 or 4 to 6 streamsEasy to use—familiar Windows™ menu system—built-in context-sensitive helpFull communications—web- and ftp-enabled for easy data file access, remote viewing and configuration—optional Profibus® DP V1.0Fast, accurate and reliable—automatic cleaning, calibration and zero deliver high accuracy measurements—extensive electronics, measurement and maintenance diagnostics ensure high availability—true auto-zero compensates for sample color, turbidity and background silica in reagents—temperature-controlled reaction and measurement section for optimum responseNavigator 600 Silica Silica analyzer2DS/NAV6S–EN Rev. JIntroductionMany years of experience and innovation in the design and successful application of continuous chemical analyzers has been combined with the latest electronics and production technologies to produce the Navigator 600 Series of analyzers from ABB.Developed as fully continuous analyzers offering wide dynamic ranging, the Navigator 600 Series incorporates greater simplicity and functionality than ever before. Based on colorimetric techniques, they feature a liquid handling section carefully designed to reduce routine maintenance. Utilizing powerful electronics, advanced features such as automatic calibration,continuous sample analysis and programmable multi-stream switching ensure accurate and simple measurement of silica.Process data, as well as the content of alarm and audit logs,can be saved to a removable SD card in binary and comma-delimited formats for record keeping and analysis using ABB’s DataManager data analysis software package.A very low cost of ownership has been achieved by reducing the reagent consumption and simplifying the maintenance requirements.The size of the instrument has been reduced to a compact,ergonomically-designed, wall-mounted case thus providing a very small footprint.ApplicationsTypical applications for the Navigator 600 Silica are:⏹Demineralization Plants for Power and Process Industries.–Monitoring the outlet of the anion and mixed beds for silica breakthrough, providing indication of bed exhaustion and final water quality.⏹Boiler Systems.–Monitoring boiler drum water, providing information on the contamination levels in the boiler.–Monitoring silica carryover in saturated steam thus protecting turbine blades from potentially excessive scale build up.–Monitoring the exhaustion of ion exchangers in a Condensate Polishing Plant.OperationGeneralThe Navigator 600 Silica is an on-line analyzer, designed to provide continuous monitoring of silica concentration utilizing a standard colorimetric analysis principle.Liquid HandlingThe chemistry employed for silica measurement is the industry standard Molybdenum Blue reaction. Sample and reagents are drawn into the instrument by two multichannel peristaltic pumps. These are designed and constructed to ensure only simple yearly maintenance is required. The reagents are added to the sample in a temperature-controlled reaction block and the fully reacted sample is then passed through an in-line measuring cuvette.The optical measuring system enables accurate detection of silica concentrations from 0 to 5000 ppb.The instrument includes a manual sampling facility that enables the analysis of grab samples.Solution ReplacementLiquid Handling Section ContinuousReagents3 months Calibration Standard 3 months Cleaning Solution3 monthsNavigator 600 Silica Silica analyzerDS/NAV6S–EN Rev. J 3ElectronicsThe main electronic transmitter consists of a display and key pad accessible from the front of the unit. Indication of all parameters is provided by a large backlit LCD display that is easy to read in all light conditions. Under normal operating conditions, measured values are displayed; programming data is displayed during set-up and also on demand. Units and range of measurement, alarm values and standard solution values are examples of the many programmable functions.Keeping simplicity of operation at the forefront of design, six fingertip-operated tactile membrane switches control local operation of the analyzer and provide easy access to all parameters.The Navigator 600 Silica is provided with 4 dedicated relays,6user-programmable relays and 6 current outputs as standard.Profibus DP V1.0 is available as an option.Ethernet CommunicationsThe Navigator 600 Silica can provide 10BaseT Ethernet communications via a standard RJ45 connector and uses industry-standard protocols TCP/IP , FTP and HTTP . The use of standard protocols enables easy connection into existing PC networks.Data File Access via FTP (File Transfer Protocol)The Navigator 600 Silica features F TP server functionality. The FTP server in the analyzer is used to access its file system from a remote station on a network. This requires an FTP client on the host PC. Both MS-DOS® and Microsoft® Internet Explorer version 5.5 or later can be used as an FTP client.⏹Using a standard web-browser or other FTP client, datafiles contained within the analyzer's memory or memory card can be accessed remotely and transferred to a PC or network drive.⏹Four individual FTP users' names and passwords can beprogrammed into the Navigator 600 Silica. An access level can be configured for each user.⏹All FTP log-on activity is recorded in the audit log of theinstrument.⏹Using ABB’s data file transfer scheduler program, datafiles from multiple instruments can be backed-up automatically to a PC or network drive for long-term storage, ensuring the security of valuable process data and minimizing the operator intervention required.Display and KeypadChart View DisplayNavigator 600 Silica(FTP Server)Navigator 600 Silica(FTP Server)FTP ClientEthernetNavigator 600 Silica Silica analyzer4DS/NAV6S–EN Rev. JEmbedded Web ServerThe Navigator 600 Silica has an embedded web-server that provides access to web pages created within the instrument.The use of HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) enables standard web browsers to view these pages.⏹Accessible through the web pages are the current displayof the analyzer, detailed information on stream values, reagent and solution levels, measurement status and other key information.⏹The audit and alarm logs stored in the Navigator 600Silica's internal buffer memory and memory card can be viewed on the web pages.⏹Operator messages can be entered via the web server,enabling comments to be logged to the instrument.⏹The web pages and the information they contain arerefreshed regularly, enabling them to be used as a supervision tool.⏹The analyzer's configuration can be selected from anexisting configuration in the internal memory or a new configuration file transferred to the instrument via FTP .⏹The analyzer's real-time clock can be set via the webserver. Alternatively, the clocks of multiple analyzers can be synchronized using ABB's File Transfer Scheduler software.Email NotificationVia the Navigator 600 Silica's built-in SMTP client, the analyzer is able to email notification of important events. Emails triggered from alarms or other critical events can be sent to multiple recipients. The analyzer can also be programmed to email reports of the current measurement status or other parameters at specific times during the day.ProfibusThe Navigator 600 Silica can be equipped (option) with Profibus DP V1.0 to enable full communications and control integrationwith distributed control systems.Navigator 600 Silica Silica analyzerDS/NAV6S–EN Rev. J 5MaintenanceThe analyzer has been designed to maximize on-line availability by reducing routine maintenance to a minimum.Yearly maintenance consists of simply replacing pump capstans and pump tube assemblies, an operation that can take as little as five minutes.F ully automatic calibration, zeroing and cleaning functions enable the analyzer to keep operational with minimal manual intervention. A predictive alarm alerts the user to reagent solution replacement being required. The cleaning and calibration solutions have a sensor to detect when replacement is necessary.OptionsMulti-stream FacilityA fully programmable multi-stream option is available on the Navigator 600 Silica on-line analyzer, providing up to six-stream capability including individual current output and visual indication as well as user-programmable stream sequencing.The analyzers are designed to be easily upgradeable in the field to two, four or six streams.Simple to replace pump tube assemblesSix Streams DisplayNavigator 600 Silica Silica analyzer6DS/NAV6S–EN Rev. JSpecificationSilica MeasurementRangeFully user programmable 0 to 5000 ppb SiO 2, minimum range 0 to 50 ppbMeasurement ModesSample stream options Available as single stream ormulti-stream in 2, 4 or 6 stream configurationsSingle-stream PerformanceMeasurement methodContinuous chemistry and measurement operation.Response time<15 mins. (90% step change)Typical accuracy<±2% of reading or ±0.5 ppb (whichever is the greater) over the range 0 to 500 ppb <±5% of reading over the range 500 to 5000 ppbRepeatability<±2% of reading or ±0.5 ppb (whichever is the greater) over the range 0 to 500 ppb <±3% of reading over the range 500 to 5000 ppbMulti-stream performanceMeasurement methodContinuous chemistry with a minimum 12 minutes per stream measurement update.Sample rate programmable between 12 minutes minimum to 60minutes maximum.Response timeMinimum update time 12 minutesTypical accuracy<±2% of reading or ±0.5 ppb (whichever is the greater) over the range 0 to 500 ppb*<±5% of reading over the range 500 to 5000 ppb** Dependent on sample rate – refer to table on page 2Repeatability<±2% of reading or ±0.5 ppb (whichever is the greater) over the range 0 to 500 ppb <±3% of reading over the range 500 to 5000 ppbSolution RequirementsNumber4 reagents (2.5 l bottles)1 standard solution (0.5 l bottle)1 cleaning solution (0.5 l bottle)Reagent ConsumptionContinuous operation mode 2.5 l max. per 90 daysDisplayColor, passive matrix, liquid crystal display (LCD) with built-in backlight and brightness adjustment 76800 pixel display(a small percentage of the display pixels may be either constantly active or inactive. Max. percentage of inoperative pixels <0.01%)Dedicated operator keys⏹Group Select/Left cursor ⏹View Select/Right cursor ⏹Menu key ⏹Up/Increment key ⏹Down/Decrement key ⏹Enter keyMechanical DataIngress protectionIP31** – Wet section (critical components IP66)IP66 – Transmitter Dimensions Materials of construction Sample connections ** Not evaluated for UL or CBDiagonal display area 144 mm (5.7 in.)Height 638 mm (25.1 in.) plus constant headbracket 186 mm (7.3 in.)Width 271 mm (10.7 in.)Depth 182 mm (7.2 in.)Weight15 kg (33 lbs)Electronics enclosure 20% glass loaded polypropylene Main enclosure NorylLower tray 10% glass loaded polypropylene DoorAcrylicInlet 6 mm (1/4 in.) flexible hose connection Outlet9 mm (1/4 in.) flexible hose connectionNavigator 600 Silica Silica analyzerDS/NAV6S–EN Rev. J 7Environmental DataAmbient Operating Temperature 5 to 45 ºC (41 to 113 ºF)Sample Temperature 5 to 55 ºC (41 to 131 ºF)Sample Particulate <60 microns <10 mgl –1Sample Flow Rate>5 ml/min / <500 ml/min Sample Pressure AtmosphericStorage Temperature–20 to 75 ºC (–4 to 167 ºF)Ambient Operating Humidity Up to 95% RH non-condensingElectricalSupply ranges100 to 240 V max. AC 50/60 Hz ± 10 % (90 to 264 V AC, 45/65 Hz)18 to 36 V DC 10A power supply typical (optional)Power consumption 60 W max. – AC 100 W max. – DCAnalog OutputsSingle and multi-stream analyzers 6 isolated current outputs:⏹galvanically isolated (to 500 V dc) from each other and all other circuitry⏹fully assignable and programmable over a 0 to 20 mA range (up to 22 mA if required)⏹drives maximum 750 loadWetted MaterialsPMMA (acrylic)PP (polypropylene)PTFEPP (20% glass filled)PEEK NBR (nitrile)EPDM SantoprenePTFE (15% polysulphane)NORYLBorosilicate glass Acrylic adhesiveAlarms/Relay OutputsSingle and multi-stream instruments One per unit:⏹Out of service alarm relay ⏹Calibration in progress alarm relay ⏹Calibration failed alarm relay ⏹Maintenance/Hold alarm relaySix per unit:⏹fully user-assignable and alarm relaysRating Connectivity/CommunicationsEthernet connection Bus communicationsProfibus DP V1 (optional)Data Handling, Storage and DisplaySecurityStorageRemovable Secure Digital (SD) card – maximum size 2 GB Trend analysis Local and remote Data transfer SD card or FTPApprovals, Certification and SafetySafety Approval cULus – PendingCE MarkCovers EMC & LV Directives (including latest version EN 61010)General Safety EN 61010–1Overvoltage Class 11 on inputs and outputs Pollution category 2EMCEmissions & immunityMeets requirements of IEC61326 for an Industrial EnvironmentVoltage 250 V AC 30 V DC Current5 A AC 5 A DC Loading (non-inductive)1250 VA150 WWeb server with ftp:for real time monitoring, configuration, data file access and email capabilityMulti level security:user, configuration, calibration and maintenance pagesNavigator 600 Silica Silica analyzerOverall DimensionsNavigator 600 Silica8DS/NAV6S–EN Rev. JNavigator 600 SilicaSilica analyzerReagent bottles mounted on optional brackets (two bottles per bracket)DS/NAV6S–EN Rev. J9Navigator 600 Silica Silica analyzer10DS/NAV6S–EN Rev. JOrdering InformationSupplied with analyzer:Reagent and calibration containersSilica Analyzer AW641/XXXXXXXXRange0 ... 5000 ppb 5Number of Streams1 – Measuring 1 stream2 – Measuring 2 streams 4 – Measuring3 or4 streams 6 – Measuring5 or6 streams 1246CommunicationsNoneProfibus DP . V .101EnclosureStandardStandard + reagent shelvesStandard + reagent shelves + reagent sensors 012Power Supply100 ... 240 V AC 50/60 Hz 18 ... 36 V DC 01ReservedBuild 9ManualEnglish French Italian German Spanish 12345CertificationNoneCertificate of calibration cULus – pending012Navigator 600 Silica Silica analyzerDS/NAV6S–EN Rev. J 11Benefits summary⏹Lowest cost-of-ownership–up to 90 % lower reagent consumption than competitors' analyzers–labour-saving 5 minute annual maintenance and up to 6 months unattended operation⏹Easy to use–familiar Windows™ menu system –built-in context-sensitive help⏹Full communications–web- and ftp-enabled for easy data file access, remote viewing and configuration –optional Profibus DP V1.0⏹Fast, Accurate and Reliable–temperature-controlled reaction and measurement section for optimum response–automatic cleaning, calibration and zero deliver high accuracy measurements–extensive electronics, measurement andmaintenance diagnostics ensure high availability⏹Field upgradeable–from 2 to 4; 2 to 6 or 4 to 6 streams, each user-programmable from 0 to 5000 ppb⏹Compact size–638 mm (25.1 in.) H x 271 mm (10.7 in.) W x 182 mm (7.2 in.) D⏹Email facility–automatically email up to 6 recipients when user-selected events occur⏹Grab sample facility–for manual sampling⏹Multiple outputs and relays–6 current outputs, 4 device state and 6 user-programmable relays as standard⏹Archiving facility–SD data card for easy backup and programming⏹Auto-zero facility–true auto-zero compensates for sample color, turbidity and background silica in reagents⏹Instrument logs–alarm and audit logs for complete, secure recordsContact usD S /N A V 6S -E N R e v . J 10.2011ABB LimitedProcess Automation Oldends Lane StonehouseGloucestershire GL10 3TA UK Tel:+44 1453 826 661Fax:+44 1453 829 671ABB Inc.Process Automation 125 E. County Line Road Warminster PA 18974USA Tel:+1 215 674 6000Fax:+1 215 674 NoteWe reserve the right to make technical changes or modify the contents of this document without prior notice. With regard to purchase orders, the agreed particulars shall prevail. ABB does not accept any responsibility whatsoever for potential errors or possible lack of information in this document.We reserve all rights in this document and in thesubject matter and illustrations contained therein. Any reproduction, disclosure to third parties or utilization of its contents in whole or in parts – is forbidden without prior written consent of ABB.Copyright© 2011 ABB All rights reserved3KXA841601R1001Windows™, Microsoft™, MS-DOS™ and Internet Explorer™ are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and / or other countries.PROFIBUS™ is a registered trademark of PROFIBUS corporation.。

【最新2018】指南针的基本使用方法-实用word文档 (5页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==指南针的基本使用方法篇一：罗盘使用图解易经学院最详细的图解罗盘使用说明罗盘使用1.桂氏实用风水：结合五行方位和形煞风水的特点，归纳成简便易学实用有效的风水预测新颖方法。

桂氏实用风水罗盘将所有人的信息反映在罗盘中使你一看便知各方代表什么。

第一圈：海池指南针，用于定方位。

尖头指向的方位为南方第二圈：后天八卦，方位符号第三圈：后天八卦名称第四圈：八个方位的阴阳、五行代表第五圈：八个方位中每个方位的人、事、物代表第六圈：八个方位中天干、地支（生肖）、时间代表第七圈：（地支）生肖，合、会、冲、刑、害代表（查后表）、天干、性情代表第八圈：春、夏、秋、冬四季节以及方位、阴、阳代表第九圈：八方位，二十四节气代表，每个方位有三种气息组成2．方形外框：①方形外框的四边代表地块、建筑物、住宅的四边②方形外框四边中间的十字红线为查看建筑朝向的基准线（下图为简易罗盘）如何运用桂氏风水罗盘第一步:罗盘的使用步骤1. 如果要预测的是建筑物或是室内空间，就将罗盘的四方外框的一边靠在建筑物的墙上。

1. 如果要预测的是地块，就在地块南北向的一边拉一条边线作为罗盘的依靠线。

1. 转动中间罗盘，使指南针与海池中的南北重叠。

（注:指南针红色所指的方向永远为南方，应与海池中所标的南重叠，不可与北重叠）如图 1.这时只要观察外框四边中间的十字线（方位基准线）就可看出指向何方。

如图：因墙面与纵基准线相平行，纵基准线所指向东南巽位，便可知建筑朝向东南。

第二步：查看罗盘上的各方位代表，做好标注1. 定好方位后，在风水太极纸（附图可自制）上记录下建筑或地块的形状、方位。