2012年6月大学英语六级考试真题与答案
2012年6月大学英语六级考试CET6真题及答案解析word版本
2012年6月16日大学英语六级考试CET6真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitiveadvan tages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that cont ribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined withage-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students athree-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earnthe credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this ap proach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules mighteventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, in creasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2012年6月16日英语四级、六级试卷真题参考答案汇总(完整版)
2012年6月英语四级试题答案一、听力短对话：11. D. Discussing a house plan。
12. D. She is tired of the food in the canteen。
13. C. Listening to some loud music。
14. C. The man can dress casually for the occasion。
15. A. 100% cotton pants in dark blue。
16. C. Its location。
17. C. Travel overseas。
18. A. It is a fair bargain。
长对话：19. D Hosting an evening TV program20. A He worked as a salesman21. B He wanted to be his own boss22. A They are all the man’s friends23. B It remains a major of industrial activity24. C Transport problem25. D Measures to create job opportunities。
短文：26. B. They had known each other since childhood。
27. B. At Joe’s houses。
28. A. Social divisions will break down if people get t o know each other。
29. A. In his building’s parking lot。
30. A. It had been stolen by someone。
31. B. In the city garage。
32. D. The mysteriousness of creativity。
2012年6月大学英语六级真题及答案
2012年6月六级考试听力真题11. A) The serious accident may leave Anna paralyzed.B) The man happened to see Anna fall on her back.C) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.D) The doctor’s therapy has been very successful.12. A) The man could watch the ballet with her.B) She happened to have bought two tickets.C) She can get a ballet ticket for the man.D) Her schedule conflicts with her sister’s.13. A) He will send someone right away.B) He has to do other repairs first.C) The woman can call later that day.D) The woman can try to fix it herself.14. A) Take up collection next week.B) Give his contribution some time later.C) Buy an expensive gift for Gemma.D) Borrow some money from the woman.15. A) Decline the invitation as early as possible.B) Ask Tony to convey thanks to his mother.C) Tell Tony’s mother that she eats no meat.D) Add more fruits and vegetables to her diet.16. A) The increasing crime rate.B) The impact of mass media.C) The circulation of newspapers.D) The coverage of newspapers.17. A) Limit the number of participants in the conference.B) Check the number of people who have registered.C) Provide people with advice on career development.D) Move the conference to a more spacious place.18. A) The apartment is still available.B) The apartment is close to the campus.C) The advertisement is outdated.D) On-campus housing is hard to secure.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals.B) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one.C) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other.D) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill.20. A) Produce the appropriate sound.B) Press the right-hand lever first.C) Raise their heads above the water.D) Swim straight into the same tank.21. A) Only one dolphin was able to see the light.B) The male dolphin received more rewards.C) Both dolphins were put in the same tank.D) The lever was beyond the dolphi ns’ reach.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) In a botanical garden.B) In a lecture room.C) In a resort town.D) On a cattle farm.23. A) It is an ideal place for people to retire to.B) It is at the centre of the fashion industry.C) It remains very attractive with its mineral waters.D) It has kept many traditions from Victorian times.24. A) It was named after a land owner in the old days.B) It is located in the eastern part of Harrogate.C) It is protected as parkland by a special law.D) It will be used as a centre for athletic training.25. A) The beautiful flowers.B) The refreshing air.C) The mineral waters.D) The vast grassland.Passage oneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.A)He provides counseling for university students.B)He teachers psychology at Ohio State University.C)He specializes in interpersonal relationships.D）He specializes in interpersonal relationship.27. A) Students who scored low standardized tests.B) Black freshmen with high standardized test scores.C) Students who are accustomed to living in dorms.D) Black students from families with low incomes.28. A) They at the college dorms at the end of the semester.B) They were of the university’s housin g policy.C) They generally spend more time together that white pairs.D) They broke up more often than same-race roommates.29. A) Their racial attitudes improved.B) Their test scores rose gradually.C) They grew bored of each other.D) They started doing similar activities.Passage twoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) It will become popular gradually.B) It will change the concept of food.C) It has attracted worldwide attention.D) It can help solve global flood crises.31. A) It has been increased over the years.B) It has been drastically cut by NASA.C) It is still far from being sufficient.D) It comes regularly from its donors.32. A) They are less healthy than we expected.B) They are not as expensive as believe.C) They are more nutritious and delicious.D) They are not as natural as we believed.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He has better memories of childhood.B) He was accused of family violence.C) He is a habitual criminal.D) He was wrongly imprisoned.34. A) The jury’s prejudice against his race.B) The evidence found at the crime scene.C) The two victims’ identification.D) The testimony of his two friends.35. A) The US judicial system has much room for improvement.B) Frightened victims can rarely make correct identification.C) Eyewitnesses are often misled by the layer’s questions.D) Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony.About 700,000 children in Mexico dropped out of school last year as recession-stricken families pushed kids to work, and a weak economic recovery will allow only a (36)_________improvement in the drop-out rate in 2010, a top education (37) ________said. Mexico’s economy suffered more than any oth er in Latin America last year, (38) ________an estimated 7 percent due to a (39) _ ________in U.S. demand for Mexican exports such as cars. The (40) ________led to a 4 percent increase in the number of kids who left (41) _______or middle school in 2009, said Juan de Dios Castro, who (42)_______the nation’s adult educationprogram and keeps a close watch on drop-out rates.“(43) ________rose and that is a factor that makes our job more difficult.” Castro told Reuters in an interview earlier this month.(44)___________________________________________________________________________ ________________________.As a result, drop-out rates will not improve much, Castro said. “There will be some improvement, but not significant,” Castro said.(45)___________________________________________________________________________ ________________________. And children often sell candy and crafts in the streets or word in restaurants.(46)___________________________________________________________________________ ________________________. Mexico’s politicians have resisted mending the country’s tax, energy and labor laws for decades, leaving its economy behind countries such as Brazil and Chile.答案11. C） The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while. 12. C） She can get a ballet ticket fo r the man. 13. B） He has to do other repairs first. 14. B） Give his contribution some time later.15. C） Tell Tony‘s mother that she eats no meat. 16. D） The coverage of newspapers.17. A） Limit the number of participants in the conference. 18. A） The apartment is still available.19. C） to see if dolphins can communicate with each other. 20. B） Press the right-hand lever first.21. A） Only one dolphin was able to see the light. 22. C） In a resort town.23. A） It is an ideal place for people to retire to. 24. C） It is protected as parkland by a special l aw. 25. A） The beautiful flowers.26. D） He specialized in interpersonal relationship. 27. B） Black freshman with high standardized scores 28. D） They broke up more often than same-race roommates 29. A） The racial attitud es improved.30. D） It will help solve the global food crisis. 31. C） It is still far from being sufficient. 32. D）They are not as natural as we believed. 33. D） He was wrongly imprisoned 34. C） The two victims ‘ identification 35. D） Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony.Slight official shrinking plunge decline primary heads poverty(44)Hindered by higher taxes and weak demand for its exports， Mexico's economy is seen only partially recovering this year. As a result， drop-out rates will not improve much， Castro said. "There will be some improvement,but not significant" Castro said. （45） Mexico has historically had high drop-out rates as poor families pull kids out of school to help put food on the table， and children often sell candy and crafts in the streets or work in restaurants.(46)The nation's drop-out problem is just the latest bad news for the long-term competitiveness of the Mexican economy. Mexico's politicians have resisted mending the country's tax， energy a nd labor laws for decades， leaving its economy behind countries such as Brazil and Chile。
2012年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析__word版本[1]
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2012年6月16日大学英语六级考试真题附答案Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitivead vantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that c ontribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined withage-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan i s designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack atcourse registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students athree-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earn the credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this approach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2012年6月英语CET6真题及答案
2012年6月全国大学英语六级考试试卷PartⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.In face of global warming, much effort has been focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions through a variety of strategies. But while much of the research and innovation has concentrated on finding less-polluting energy alternatives, it may be decades before clean technologies like wind and solar meet a significant portion of our energy needs.In the meantime, the amount of CO2 in the air is rapidly approaching the limits proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). “As long as we’re consuming fossil fuels, we’re putting out CO2,”says Klaus Lackner, a geophysicist at Colu mbia, University” We cannot let the CO2 in the atmosphere rise indefinitely.”That sense of urgency has increased interest in capturing and storing CO2, which the IPCC says could provide the more than 50% reduction in emissions thought needed to reduce global warming.“We see the potential for capture and storage to play an integral role in reducing emissions,” says Kim Corley, Shell’s senior advisor of CO2 and environmental affairs. That forward thinking strategy is gaining support. The U.S. Department of Energy recently proposed putting $1 billion into a new $2.4 billion coal-burning energy plant. The plant’s carbon-capture technologies would serve as a pilot project for other new coal-burning plants.But what do you do with the gas once you’ve captured it? One option is to put it to new uses. Dakota Gasification of North Dakota captures CO2 at a plant that converts coal into synthetic natural gas. It then ships the gas 200 miles by pipeline to Canada, where it is pumped underground in oil recovery operations. In the Netherlands, Shell delivers CO2 to farmers who pipe it into their greenhouses, increasing their yield of fruits and vegetables.However, scientists say that the scale of CO2 emissions will require vast amounts of long-term storage. Some propose storing the CO2 in coal mines or liquid storage in the ocean, Shell favors storing CO2 in deep geological structures such as saline(盐的) formations and exhausted oil and gas fields that exist throughout the world.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2012年6月大学英语四级考试真题与答案完整版
and regulations must be made to restrict excessive packaging. In addition, we need to
advocate clear packaging and raise consumer’s awareness that excessive packaging
应的建议。
沪江网校
2012年6月大学英语四级考试真题与答案完整版
PartIWriting
作文
On Excessive Packaging
Nowadays the phenomena of over-packaging of goods are prevailing in our
doesn’t equal to high quality.
【解析】
本次作文的话题是“过度包装”，话题不断新，考生应该都比较熟悉。写好本篇作文的
关键在于紧跟题目所列提纲：现象——原因——看法和建议，确定相应的写作结构。重点分
析产生此现象的原因有哪些，把最重要的两三点罗列下来。最后，根据分析出的原因提供相
about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only
once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the
I’m preparing for the speech contest.
M: Oh, sorry. I didn’t realize I’ve being bothering you all this time.
2012年6月英语六级真题答案(完整版+解析)
2012年6月英语六级答案(完整版)Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.作文标准版The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationAs is described in the picture, a father asks her daughter how her school today goes on. Instead of answering directly, the daughter tells her father to read her blog. It is common that youngsters nowadays incline to communicate with others on internet increasingly, and lack communication with people around them. With the development of Internet, it has influenced our society to a large extent, especially interpersonal communication.To begin with, we can communicate with others anytime via internet. Otherwise, we would have to arrange our schedules strictly in advance. Also, interpersonal communication through the internet is not restricted by space. For example, in most multinational corporations, instant messages and video conferences help colleagues solve problems timely and efficiently. Last but not least, the internet can greatly speed up our interpersonal communication. Whereas, there are also disadvantages that the internet brings to us. More and more people complained that they have lost face-to-face communicating skills. As a result, people become more and more indifferent to each other in real life. Some netizens who are immersed in virtual world even have difficulty in making friends in reality.In conclusion, communication through the internet could bring us both convenience and inconvenience. We should strike a balance between them and make the best of the internet.【解析】这次的六级写作是请考生谈谈网络对人际交流的影响。
2012年大学英语六级真题及答案
2011年6月大学英语六级考试真题PartⅠWriting(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay entitled The Certificate Craze.You should write at least150words following the outline given below.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……The Certificate Craze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes) Directions:In this part,you will have15minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet1.For questions1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).For questions8-10,complete the sen tences with the information given in the passage.Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever.Graduating them is another matter. Barry Mills,the president of Bowdoin College,was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students.Since2003the small,elite liberal arts school in Brunswick,Maine,has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from8%to13%."It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places,"he told a NEWSWEEK reporter.But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities.While9out of10white students routinely get their diplomas within six years,only7out of10black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes."If you look at who enters college,it now looks like America,"says Hilary Pennington,director of postsecondary programs for the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation,which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education."But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma,it's still largely the white,upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation.Now it stands10th.For the first time in American history,there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one.The graduation rate among25-to34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the55-to64-year-olds who were going to college more than30years ago.Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college–but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams.The graduation rates for blacks,Latinos,and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians.As the minority population grows in the United States,low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities.In2007the University of Wisconsin-Madison –one of the top five or so prestigious public universities–graduated81%of its white students within six years,but only56%of its blacks.At less-selective state schools,the numbers get worse.During the same time frame,the University of Northern Iowa graduated67%of its white students,but only39%of its munity colleges have low graduation rates generally–but rock-bottom rates for minorities.A recent review of California communitycolleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees,only15%of African-Americans did so as well.Private colleges and universities generally do better,partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention.But when it comes to a significant graduation gap,Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an18-point difference between white and black graduates in2007 and25points in2006.Middlebury College in Vermont,another top school,had a19-point gap in 2007and a22-point gap in2006.The most selective private schools–Harvard,Yale,and Princeton–show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates.But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students.According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lani Guinier,the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves."Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years,particularly the more selective schools,by saying the responsibility is on the individual student,"says Pennington of the Gates Foundation."If they fail,it's their fault."Some critics blame affirmative action–students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are"undermatched":they could get into more elite,richer schools,but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them.Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill–knowing full well that the students won't make it."The school keeps the money,but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job.Colleges are not holding up their end,"says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust.A college education is getting ever more expensive.Since1982tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation.In2008the net cost of attending a four-year public university –after financial aid–equaled28%of median(中间的)family income,while a four-year private university cost76%of median family income.More and more scholarships are based on merit,not need.Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers.Often they wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates.Professors would begin the year by saying,"Look to the right and look to the left.One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year."But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap.At the University of Wisconsin-Madison,the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years.The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the rigor(严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom–and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified.Wisconsin has a"laserlike focus"on building up student skills in the first three months, according to viceprovost(教务长)Damon Williams.State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates.For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some prepara tory courses.The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade,using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills.Such pro grams can be expensive,of course,but cheap compared with the millions already invested inscholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money,the graduation gap can be closed.Washington and Lee is a small,selective school in Lexington,Va.Its student body is less than5%black and less than2%Latino.While the school usually graduated about90%of its whites,the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to63%by2007."We went through a dramatic shift,"says Dawn Watkins,the vice president for student affairs.The school aggressively pushed mentoring(辅导)of minorities by other students and"partnering"with parents at a special pre-enrollment session.The school had its first-ever black st spring the school graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites.If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race,it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities,not just enrolling them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2012年6月六级真题及答案完整版
2012年6⽉六级真题及答案完整版Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终⾝职位)，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution inAlabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms”in May and June to earn the credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医⽣) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my se nior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife. There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,”Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this app roach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete coll eges, with two complete faculties,”hesays.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above —universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changingfinancial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2012年6月英语六级真题及答案
CET-6Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions ：For For this this this part, part, part, you you you are are are allowed allowed allowed 30 30 30 minutes minutes minutes to to to write write write a a a composition composition composition on on on the the the topic topic topic The The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the the same same same offer offer offer to to to students students students anxious anxious anxious about about about saving saving saving time time time and and and money. money. money. That’s That’s That’s both both both an an an opportunity opportunity opportunity and and and a a warning for the best higher-education system in the world. T he United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that hel p Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively. But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before th spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a a summer summer summer stretch stretch stretch no no no longer longer longer makes makes makes sense. sense. sense. Former Former Former George George George Washington Washington Washington University University University president president president Stephen Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar y ear.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty faculty turnover turnover turnover——critical critical for for for a a a university university university to to to remain remain remain current current current in in in changing changing changing times times times——difficult. difficult. Instead Instead Instead of of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas. Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with with unprecedented loan debt. unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to to complete complete complete an an an undergraduate undergraduate degree degree has has has stretched stretched stretched to to to six six six years years years and and and seven seven seven months months months as as as students students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate. Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing governing federal federal federal student student student grants grants grants and and and loans loans loans now now now stands stands stands twice twice twice as as as tall tall tall as as as I I I do. do. do. Filling Filling Filling out out out these these these forms forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar. For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning questioning decades-old decades-old decades-old assumptions assumptions assumptions about about about what what what a a a college college college degree degree degree means. means. means. For For For instance, instance, instance, why why why does does does it it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees. By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students students may may may earn earn earn three three three to to to four four four credits credits credits on on on or or or off off off campus, campus, campus, including including including a a a number number number of of of international international international sites. sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them —and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay. The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student 350-student institution institution institution in in in Alabama, Alabama, Alabama, has has has offered offered offered students students students a a a three-year three-year three-year option option option for for for 40 40 40 years. years. years. Students Students attend attend “short “short “short terms” terms” terms” in in in May May May and and and June June June to to to earn earn earn the the the credits credits credits required required required for for for graduation. graduation. graduation. Bates Bates Bates College College College in in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options. Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate undergraduate degrees degrees degrees in in in less less less time. time. time. One One One of of of five five five students students students arrives arrives arrives at at at college college college today today today with with with Advanced Advanced Placement Placement (AP) (AP) (AP) credits credits credits amounting amounting amounting to to to a a a semester semester semester or or or more more more of of of college college college level level level work. work. work. Many Many Many universities, universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students students to to to graduate graduate faster. For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) ) program, program, program, enrolled enrolled enrolled in in in Vanderbilt’s Vanderbilt’s undergraduate undergraduate colle colle college ge ge in in in 1959. 1959. 1959. He He He entered entered entered medical medical medical school school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basicall skipp skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.ed my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife. There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also also leaves less time for growing up, leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On activities, and studying abroad. On crowded crowded campuses campuses campuses it it it could could could mean mean mean fewer fewer fewer opportunities opportunities opportunities to to to get get get into into into a a a prized prized prized professor’s professor’s professor’s class. class. class. Iowa’s Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing phasing out out out the the the option. option. option. Most Most Most Waldorf Waldorf Waldorf students students students wanted wanted wanted the the the full full full four-year four-year four-year experience experience experience——academically, socially, socially, and and and athletically. athletically. athletically. And And And faculty faculty faculty members members members will will will be be be wary wary wary of of of any any any change change change that that that threatens threatens threatens the the the core core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce. “Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growt h,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told told The The The Washington Washington Washington Post. Post. Post. “I “I “I strongly strongly strongly disagree disagree disagree with with with this this this approach.” approach.” approach.” Another Another Another risk: risk: risk: the the the new new new campus campus schedules schedules might might might eventually eventually eventually produce produce produce less less less revenue revenue revenue for for for the the the institution institution institution and and and longer longer longer working working working hours hours hours for for faculty members. Adopting Adopting a a a three-year three-year three-year option option option will will will not not not come come come easily easily easily to to to most most most school. school. school. Those Those Those that that that wish wish wish to to to tackle tackle tradition tradition and and and make make make American American American campus campus campus more more more cost-cost-cost-conscious conscious conscious may may may find find find it it it easier easier easier to to to take take take Trachtenberg’s Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-year-round.“You round.“You could run two complete college colleges, s, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether Whether they they they experiment experiment experiment with with with three-year three-year three-year degrees, degrees, degrees, offer offer offer year-round year-round year-round classes, classes, classes, challenge challenge challenge the the the tenure tenure system system——or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world. Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success. 1. Why did Hartwick College start three-year degree programs? A) To create chances for the poor. C) To enroll more students. B) To cut students’ expenses. D) To solve its financial problems.2. By quoting Stephen Trachtenberg the author wants to say that . A) American universities are resistant to change B) the summer vacation contributes to student growth C) college facilities could be put to more effective use D) the costs of running a university are soaring3. The author thinks the tenure system in American universities . A)suppresses creative thinking C) guarantees academic freedom B) creates conflicts among colleagues D) is a sign of age discrimination4. What is said about the new three-year degree program at Hartwick? A) Its students have to earn more credits each year. B) Non-credit courses are eliminated altogether. C) Its faculty members teach more hours a week. D) Some summer courses are offered free of charge. 5. What do we learn about Judson Coll ege’s three -year degree program? A) It has been running for several decades. B) It is open to the brightest students only. C) It is the most successful in the country. D) It has many practical courses on offer. 6. What changes in high schools help students earn undergraduate degrees in three years? A) Curriculums have been adapted to students’ needs.B) More students have Advanced Placement credits. C) More elective courses are offered in high school. D) The overall quality of education bas improved. 7. What is said to be a drawback of the three-year college program? A) Students have to cope with too heavy a workload. B) Students don’t have much time to roam intellectually.C) Students have little time to gain practical experience. D) Students don’t have pri zed professors to teach them. 8. College faculty members are afraid that the pretext of moving students into the workforce might pose a threat to . 9. 9. Universities Universities Universities are are are increasingly increasingly increasingly aware aware aware that that that they they they must must must adapt adapt adapt to to to a a a rapidly rapidly rapidly changing changing changing world world world in in in order order to . 10. Convenient academic schedules with more-focused, less-expensive degrees will be more attractive to . Section A15. A) Decline the invitation as early as possible. B) Ask Tony to convey thanks to his mother. ts no meat. C) Tell Tony’s mother that she eaD) Add more fruits and vegetables to her diet. 16. A) The increasing crime rate. B) The impact of mass media. C) The circulation of newspapers. D) The coverage of newspapers. 17. A) Limit the number of participants in the conference. B) Check the number of people who have registered. C) Provide people with advice on career development. D) Move the conference to a more spacious place. 18. A) The apartment is still available. B) The apartment is close to the campus. C) The advertisement is outdated. D) On-campus housing is hard to secure. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals. B) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one. C) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other. D) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill. 20. A) Produce the appropriate sound. B) Press the right-hand lever first. C) Raise their heads above the water. D) Swim straight into the same tank. 21. A) Only one dolphin was able to see the light. B) The male dolphin received more rewards. C) Both dolphins were put in the same tank. D) The lever was beyond the dolphins’ reach.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. A) In a botanical garden. B) In a lecture room. C) In a resort town. D) On a cattle farm. 23. A) It is an ideal place for people to retire to. B) It is at the centre of the fashion industry. C) It remains very attractive with its mineral waters. D) It has kept many traditions from Victorian times. 24. A) It was named after a land owner in the old days. B) It is located in the eastern part of Harrogate. C) It is protected as parkland by a special law. D) It will be used as a centre for athletic training. 25. A) The beautiful flowers. B) The refreshing air. C) The mineral waters. D) The vast grassland. “It “It turns turns turns out out out there’s there’s there’s no no no economic economic economic benefit benefit benefit to to to just just just having having having a a a goal goal goal---you ---you ---you just just just get get get a a a psychological psychological benefit” benefit” Schweitzer Schweitzer Schweitzer says. says. says. “But “But “But in in in many many many cases, cases, cases, goa goa goals ls ls have have have economic economic economic rewards rewards rewards that that that make make make them them them more more powerful.”A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not profitable. Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. staff. It It It prompted prompted prompted employees employees employees to to to overcharge overcharge overcharge for for for work work work and and and to to to complete complete complete unnecessary unnecessary unnecessary repairs repairs repairs on on on a a companywide basis. Schweitzer concedes his research runs counter to a very large body of literature that commends the many benefits of goal-setting. Advocates of the practice have taken issue with his team’s use of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-prescribed In a rebuttal (反驳) paper, Dr. Edwin Locke writes:“Goal-setting is not going away. Organizations cannot thrive without being focused on their desired end results any more than an individual can thrive without goals to provide a sense of purpose.”But Schweitzer contends the “mounting causal evidence” linking goal -setting and harmful behavior sh should ould ould be be be studied studied studied to to to help help help spotlight spotlight spotlight issues issues issues that that that merit merit merit caution caution caution and and and further further further investigation. investigation. investigation. “Even “Even “Even a a a few few negative effects could be so large that they outweigh many positive effects,” he says.“Goal “Goal-setting does help -setting does help coordinate and motivate people. My idea would be to combine that with careful oversight, a strong organizational culture, and make sure the goals that you use are going to be constructive and not significantly harm the organization,” Schweitzer says.52. What message does the author try to convey about goal-setting? A) Its negative effects have long been neglected. B) The goal increase people’s work efficiency.C) Its role has been largely underestimated. D) The goals most people set are unrealistic. 53. What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by citing the example of Enron? A) Setting realistic goals can turn a failing business into success. B) Businesses are less likely to succeed without setting realistic goals. C) Financial incentives ensure companies meet specific revenue goals. D) Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power. 54. How did Sears’ goal -setting affect its employees? A) They were obliged to work more hours to increase their sales. B) They competed with one another to attract more customers. C) They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota. D) They improved their customer service on a companywide basis. 55. What do advocates of goal-setting think of Schweitzer’s research?A) Its findings are not of much practical value. B) It exaggerates the side effects of goal-setting. C) Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence. D) It runs counter to the existing literature on the subject. 56. What is Schweitzer’s contention against Edwin Locke?A) The link between goal-setting and harmful behavior deserves further study. B) Goal-setting has become too deep-rooted in corporate culture. 。
2012年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析__word版本[1]
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2012年6月16日大学英语六级考试真题附答案Part Ⅰ Writing （30 minutes)Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication。
You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。
The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning）（15minutes) Directions: In this part。
You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1。
For questions 1—7，choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）、B)、C）and D)。
For questions 8—10，complete the sentences with the information given in the passage。
The Three—Year SolutionHartwick College， a small liberal—arts school in upstate New York，makes New York，makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four，and save about 543，000—the amount of one year's tuition and fees。
(完整word版)2012年6月大学英语六级真题及答案,推荐文档
2012年6月六级考试听力真题11. A) The serious accident may leave Anna paralyzed.B) The man happened to see Anna fall on her back.C) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.D) The doctor ' s therapy has been very successful.12. A) The man could watch the ballet with her.B) She happened to have bought two tickets.C) She can get a ballet ticket for the man.D) Her schedule conflicts with her sister ' s.13. A) He will send someone right away.B) He has to do other repairs first.C) The woman can call later that day.D) The woman can try to fix it herself.14. A) Take up collection next week.B) Give his contribution some time later.C) Buy an expensive gift for Gemma.D) Borrow some money from the woman.15. A) Decline the invitation as early as possible.B) Ask Tony to convey thanks to his mother.C) Tell Tony ' s mother that she eats no meat.D) Add more fruits and vegetables to her diet.16. A) The increasing crime rate.B) The impact of mass media.C) The circulation of newspapers.D) The coverage of newspapers.17. A) Limit the number of participants in the conference.B) Check the number of people who have registered.C) Provide people with advice on career development.D) Move the conference to a more spacious place.18. A) The apartment is still available.B) The apartment is close to the campus.C) The advertisement is outdated.D) On-campus housing is hard to secure.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals.B) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one.C) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other.D) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill.20. A) Produce the appropriate sound.B) Press the right-hand lever first.C) Raise their heads above the water.D) Swim straight into the same tank.21. A) Only one dolphin was able to see the light.B) The male dolphin received more rewards.C) Both dolphins were put in the same tank.D) The lever was beyond the dolphi ns ' reach.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) In a botanical garden.B) In a lecture room.C) In a resort town.D) On a cattle farm.23. A) It is an ideal place for people to retire to.B) It is at the centre of the fashion industry.C) It remains very attractive with its mineral waters.D) It has kept many traditions from Victorian times.24. A) It was named after a land owner in the old days.B) It is located in the eastern part of Harrogate.C) It is protected as parkland by a special law.D) It will be used as a centre for athletic training.25. A) The beautiful flowers.B) The refreshing air.C) The mineral waters.D) The vast grassland.Passage oneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A)He provides counseling for university students.B) He teachers psychology at Ohio State University.C) He specializes in interpersonal relationships.D) He specializes in interpersonal relationship.27. A) Students who scored low standardized tests.B) Black freshmen with high standardized test scores.C) Students who are accustomed to living in dorms.D) Black students from families with low incomes.28. A) They at the college dorms at the end of the semester.B) They were of the university g'poslihcoyu. sinC) They generally spend more time together that white pairs.D) They broke up more often than same-race roommates.29. A) Their racial attitudes improved.B) Their test scores rose gradually.C) They grew bored of each other.D) They started doing similar activities.Passage twoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) It will become popular gradually.B) It will change the concept of food.C) It has attracted worldwide attention.D) It can help solve global flood crises.31. A) It has been increased over the years.B) It has been drastically cut by NASA.C) It is still far from being sufficient.D) It comes regularly from its donors.32. A) They are less healthy than we expected.B) They are not as expensive as believe.C) They are more nutritious and delicious.D) They are not as natural as we believed.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He has better memories of childhood.B) He was accused of family violence.C) He is a habitual criminal.D) He was wrongly imprisoned.34. A) The jury ' s prejudice against his race.B) The evidence found at the crime scene.C) The two victims ' identification.D) The testimony of his two friends.35. A) The US judicial system has much room for improvement.B) Frightened victims can rarely make correct identification.C) Eyewitnesses are often misled by the layer ' s questions.D) Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony.About 700,000 children in Mexico dropped out of school last year as recession-stricken families pushed kids to work, and a weak economic recovery will allow only a (36)________ improvement in the drop-out rate in 2010, a top education (37) ______ said.Mexico ' s economy suffered more than any otehr in Latin America last year, (38) _____ an estimated 7 percent due to a (39) _ ______ in U.S. demand for Mexican exports such as cars.The (40) _______ led to a 4 percent increase in the number of kids who left (41) ______ ormiddle school in 2009, said Juan de Dios Castro, who (42) _______ t he nation ' s adult educationprogram and keeps a close watch on drop-out rates.“ (43) _____ rose and that is a factor that makes our job more difficult.an interview earlier this month.(44) ________________________________________________________________________________________________ .As a result, drop-out rates will not improve much, Castro said.“ There will be some improvement, but not significant, ” Castro said.(45) ________________________________________________________________________________________________ . And children often sell candy and crafts in the streets or word in restaurants.(46) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _____ . Mexico 's politicians have resisted mending the country energy and labor laws for decades, leaving its economy behind countries such as Brazil and Chile. 答案11. C) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while. 12. C ) She can get a ballet ticket fo r the man.13. B ) He has to do other repairs first. 14. B ) Give his contribution some time later.15. C) Tell Tony‘ s mother that she eats no meat. 16. D ) The coverage of newspapers.17. A)Limit the number of participants in the conference. 18. A )The apartment is still available. 19. C)to see if dolphins can communicate with each other. 20. B )Press the right-hand lever first. 21. A) Only one dolphin was able to see the light. 22. C ) In a resort town.23. A ) It is an ideal place for people to retire to. 24. C ) It is protected as parkland by a special l aw. 25.A) The beautiful flowers.26. D) He specialized in interpersonal relationship. 27. B ) Black freshman with high standardize d scores 28. D ) They broke up more often than same-race roommates 29. A ) The racial attitud es improved.30. D ) It will help solve the global food crisis. 31. C ) It is still far from being sufficient. 32. D ) They are not as natural as we believed. 33. D)He was wrongly imprisoned 34. C)The two victims ‘ identification 35. D ) Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony.Slight official shrinking plunge decline primary heads poverty(44)Hindered by higher taxes and weak demand for its exports ，Mexico's economy is seen only partially recovering this year. As a result ，drop-out rates will not improve much ，Castro said. "There will be some improvement,but not significant" Castro said. ( 45) Mexico has historically had high drop-out rates as poor families pull kids out of school to help put food on the table ，an d children often sell candy and crafts in the streets or work in restaurants.(46)The nation's drop-out problem is just the latest bad news for the long-term competitiveness of the Mexican economy. Mexico's politicians have resisted mending the country's tax ，energy a nd labor laws for decades ，leaving its economy behind countries such as Brazil and Chile Castro told Reuts tax,。
2012年英语六级真题及答案完整版
2012.6英语六级真题Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.W: Did you hear that Anna needs to stay in bed for 4 weeks?M: Yeah. She injured her spine in a fall and a doctor told her to lie flat on her back for a month so it can mend.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?12.M: A famous Russian ballet is coming to town next weekend. But I can’t find a ticket anywhere.W: Don’t be upset. My sister just happened to have one and she can’t go since she has got some sort of conflict in her schedule.Q: What does the woman mean?13.W: Hello, my bathroom drain is blocked and I’m giving a party tonight. Do you think you could come and fix it for me?M: Sorry, ma’am. I’m pretty busy right now. But I can put you on my list.Q: What does the man mean?14.W: We’re taking up a collection to buy a gift for Jemma. She’ll have been with the company 25 years next week.M: Well, count me in. But I’m a bit short on cash now. When do you need it?Q: What is the man going to do?15.W: Tony’s mother has invited me to dinner. Do you think I should tell her in advance that I’m a vegetarian?M: Of course. I think she’d appreciate it. Imaging how you both feel if she fixed the turkey dinner or something.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?16.M: Just look at this newspaper, nothing but robbery, suicide and murder. Do you still believe people are basically good?W: Of course. But many papers lack interest in reporting something positive like peace, love and generosity.Q: What are the speakers talking about?17.M: I can’t believe so many people want to sign up for the Korea Development Conference.We will have to limit the registration.W: Yeah, otherwise we won’t have room for the more.Q: What are the speakers going to do?18.W: Hi, I’m calling about the ad for the one bedroom apartment.M: Perfect timing! The person who was supposed to rent it just backed town to take a room on campus.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【点评】短对话今年的六级听力短对话从提问方式来看，还是以推理题居多，如第12、13、15题都需要考生们从对话后中推理出“言下之意”。
2012年6月大学英语六级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年6月大学英语六级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication正确答案：The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication (1) As is shown in the picture, the father asks his daughter how her school was today; (2) instead of answering him directly, the daughter tells her father to read her blog. This little story seems somewhat funny, (3) but it reflects a typical way of interpersonal communication in modern society, (2) that is, via the Internet. Obviously, the development of the Internet has made a great impact on interpersonal communication.(4) On the one hand, the Internet provides more convenient and interesting ways of communication, (S) including blogs, emails, instant messengers like QQ and MSN, (6) which are increasingly welcomed. (7) For example, (8) in many schools, teachers send and receive students’homework by the Internet; (8) in many companies, colleagues communicate with each other by sending instant messages or holding video conferences. (4) On the other hand, the Internet brings some negative impacts on interpersonal communication. More people complain having lost face-to-face communicating skills. Some people even become indifferent to each other in real life. (9) From the above-mentioned, we can safely conclude that the Internet is (2) a double-edged sword for interpersonal communication. We should take full advantage of the convenience it brings, and (2) meanwhile avoid being immerged in it too much.解析：(1)开门见山，描述图片内容(2)亮点短语：“代替”、“即，也就是说”、“双刃剑”、“同时”(3)转折指出图片反映的主题(4)从正反两方面阐述影响。
2012年6月大学英语四级考试真题试题及答案解析（完整版）
2012年6月大学英语四级考试真题试题及答案解析(完整版)most most noticeable noticeable noticeable of of of all, all, all, there there there is is is the the the phenomenon phenomenon phenomenon of of of large large large urban urban urban and and and suburban suburban suburban high high high schools schools schools that that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band. Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif, is one of those, ranking No.423—among the top 2% in the country —on Newsweek‟s annual ranking of America‟s top high schools. The success of small small schools schools schools is is apparent apparent in in in the the the listings. listings. listings. Ten Ten Ten years years years ago, ago, ago, when when when the the the first first first Newsweek Newsweek Newsweek list list list based based on college-level college-level test test test participation participation participation was was was published, published, published, only only only three three three of of the the top top top 100 100 100 schools schools schools had had had graduating graduating Classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full ,Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007. Although Although many many many of of of Hillsdale‟s Hillsdale‟s students students came came came from from from wealthy wealthy wealthy households, households, households, by by by the the the late late late 1990 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) “Hillsjail. ” Jeff Jeff Gilbert. Gilbert. Gilbert. A A A Hillsdale Hillsdale Hillsdale teacher teacher teacher who who who became became became principal principal principal last last last year, year, year, remembers remembers remembers sitting sitting sitting with with with other other teachers watching students file out of a a graduation graduation ceremony and and asking asking one another in astonishment, “How did that student graduate?”So So in in in 2003 2003 2003 Hillsdale Hillsdale Hillsdale re re remade made made itself itself itself into into into three three three “houses,” “houses,” “houses,” romantically romantically romantically named named named Florence, Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly(随机地) assigned to one of the houses. Where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory” classes Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students‟ success.“We‟re constantly talking about one another‟s advisers,” says English teacher Chris Cro ckett. “If you hear that yours isn‟t doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean‟s office, it‟s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95.“It was rough for some. But by senior year, two -thirds have moved up to physics,” says Gilbert “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.”But not all schools show advances afte r downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution. The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it‟s easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they‟d like.Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38 superintendents(地区教育主管)from )from five five five states states states wrote wrote wrote to to to ask ask ask that that that their their their schools schools schools be be be excluded excluded excluded from from from the the the calculation.“It calculation.“It calculation.“It is is impossible impossible to to to know know know which which which high high high schools schools schools are are are …the …the best‟ in in the the the nation, nation, nation, ”their ”their ”their letter letter letter read. read. read. in in in part. part. “Determining whether different schools do or don‟t offer a high quality of education requires a look at man different measures, including students‟ overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent subsequent performance performance performance in in in college. college. college. And And And taking taking taking into into into consideration consideration consideration the the the unique unique unique needs needs needs of of of their their communities.”In In the the the end, end, end, the the the superintendents superintendents superintendents agreed agreed agreed to to to provide provide provide the the the data data data we we we sought, sought, sought, which which which is, is, is, after after after all, all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here, we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won‟t be necessary.注意：此部分试题请在答卡1上作答. 1. 1. Fifty Fifty Fifty years years years ago. ago. ago. big. big. big. Modern. Modern. Modern. Suburban Suburban Suburban high high high schools schools schools were were were established established established in in in the the the hope hope hope of of __________. A) ensuring no child is left behind B) increasing economic efficiency C) improving students‟ performance on SAT D) providing good education for baby boomers 2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools? A) Teachers‟ workload increased.B) Students‟ performance declined. C) Administration became centralized. D) Students focused more on test scores. 3. What is said about the schools forded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation? A) They are usually magnet schools. B) They are often located in poor neighborhoods. C) They are popular with high-achieving students. D) They are mostly small in size. 4. What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education? A) Some large schools have split up into smaller ones. B) A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas. C) Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds. D) Students have to meet higher academic standards. 5. Newsweek ranked high schools according to . A) their students‟ academic achievementB) the number of their students admitted to college C) the size and number of their graduating classes D) their college-level test participation 6. What can we learn about Hillsdale‟s students in the late 1990s?A) They were made to study hard like prisoners. B) They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames. C) Most of them did not have any sense of discipline, D) Their school performance was getting worse. 7. According to Jeff Gilbert, the “advisory” classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could . A) tell their teachers what they did on weekends B) experience a great deal of pleasure in learning C) maintain closer relationships with their teachers D) tackle the demanding biology and physics courses 8. is still still considered considered considered a a a strength strength strength of of of Newsweek‟s Newsweek‟s school school ranking ranking ranking system system system in in in spite spite spite of of of the the criticism it receives. 9. 9. According According According to to to the the the 38 38 38 superintendents, superintendents, superintendents, to to to rank rank rank schools schools schools scientifically, scientifically, scientifically, it it it is is is necessary necessary necessary to to use . 10. To better serve the children and our nation, schools students to take . Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35minutes)Section A Directions: in this section you will hear 8 short conversations, one or more questions will be asked asked about about about what what what was was was said. said. said. Both Both Both the the the conversation conversation conversation and and and the the the questions questions questions will will will be be be spoken spoken spoken only only only once. once. After After each each each question question question there there there will will will be be be a a a pause. pause. pause. During During During the the the pause, pause, pause, you you you must must must read read read the the the four four four choices choices marked A)、B)、C)and D)、and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答案卡2上作案。
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Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the \answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example: Y ou will hear:Y ou will read:A)2 hours.B)3 hours.C)4 hours.D)5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o"clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon.Therefore, D)“5 hours”is the correct answer.Y ou should choose ［D］on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Amswer［A］［B］［C］［D］1.A)It"s far from being ready yet.B)It contains some valuable ideas.C)She needs another week to get it ready.D)It has nothing to do with the Internet.2.A)The woman is a kind hearted boss.B)The woman is strict with her employees.C)The man always has excuses for being late.D)The man"s alarm clock didn"t work that morning.3.A)The bank near the railway station closes late.B)The bank around the corner is not open today.C)The womon should try her luck in the bank nearby.D)The woman should use dollars instead of pounds.4.A)Wait for about three minutes.B)Try dialing the number again.C)Call again some thme later.D)Make an appontment with Dr.Chen.5.A)He felt upset because of her failure.B)He believes she will pass the test this time.C)He is sure they will succeed in the next test. .D)He did no better than the woman in the test.6.A)The man thinks the woman can earn the creditsB)The woman is begging the man tio let her pass the exam.C)The woman has to attend a summer course to graduate.D)The woman is going to graduate from summer school.7.A)Fred likes the beautiful scenery along the way to Canada.B)Fred usually flies to Canada with Jane.C)Fred persuaded Jane to change her mind.D)Fred is planning a trip to Canada.8.A)Find room for the paintings.B)Put more coats of paint on the wall.C)Paint the walls to match the furniture.D)Hang some pictures for decoration.9.A)He"d rather not go to the lecture.B)He"s going to attend the lecture.C)He"ll give a lecture on drawing.D)He doesn"t mond if the woman goes to the lecture.10.A)Trying to persuade the woman to vote for him.B)Running for chairman of the student union.C)Choosing a campaign manager.D)Selecting the best candidate.Section BDirections: In this section,you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question.you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A)To find ways to treat homan waster.B)To study the problems of local industries.C)To conduct a study on fishing in the Biramichi River.D)To investigate the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River.12.A)Serious pollution upstream.B)Lack of oxygen.C)Overgrowth of water plants.D)Low water level.13.A)They"ll be closed down.B)They"ll be moved to other places.C)They"re going to dismiss some of their employees.D)They have no money to build chemical treatment plants.14.A)The local fishing cooperative decised to reduce its catch.B)The local Chamber of Commerce tried to preserve fishes.C)There were fewer fish in the river.D)Over fishiing was prohibited.Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage yu have just heard.15.A)A shoirt note to their lawyer.B)A brief letter sealed in an envelope.C)Oral instructions recorded on a tape.D)A written document of several pages.16.A)V isit his grave regularly for five years.B)Stop wearing any kind of fashionable clothes.C)Refrain from going out with men for five years.D)Bury the dentist with his favorite car.17.A)He wanted to leave his body for medical purposes.B)He was angry with his selfish relatives.C)He was just being humorous.D)He was not a wealthy man.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are hased on the passage you have just heard.18.A)They believed it to be a luxury.B)They considered it avoidable.C)They took it to be a trend.D)They thought it quite acceptable.19.A)Casual.B)Critical.C)Sceptical.D)Serious.20.A)When the current marriage law is modifed.B)When husband and wife understand each other better.C)When the costs of getting a divorce become unaffordable.D)When people consider marriage an important part of their lives.Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions :There are 4 passages it this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Bill Gates,the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree,is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world"s favorite academic title;the MBA(Master of Business Administration).The MBA,a 20th century product,always ha borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on thetree lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates,about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993.This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960,a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day.“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have ont to have one,”saidDonald Morrison,professor of marketing and management science.“But in the last five years or so,when someone says,`Should I attempt to get an MBA,"the a nswer a lot more is:It depends.”The success of Bill Gates and other non MBAs,such as the late Sam Walton of Wal Mart Stores Inc.has helped inspire seif conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whther management skills can be taught.The Harvard Business Review printed a lively,fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders.The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing”and said “MBAs wans to move up too fast,they don"t understand politics and people, and they aren"t able to function as part of a team until their thirdyear.But by then,they"re out looking for other jobs.”The problem,most participants in the debate acknowledge,is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power for beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Enrollemnt in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do with out one.The growth was fueled by a backlach(反冲)against theanti business values of the 1960s and by the women"s movement.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people.“They don"t ge t a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,”said James Shaffer ,vice president and principal of the Towers Perrin managment consulting firm. 21.According to Paragraph 2,what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?A)Envious.B)Scornful.C)Realistic.D)Appreciative.22.It seems that the controversy over the valus of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by ______.A)the success of many non MBAsB)the complaints from various employersC)the prro performance of MBAs at workD)the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines23.What is the major weakness of MBA bolders according to The Harvard Business Review?A)They are not good at dealing with people.B)THey keep complaining about their jobs.C)They are usually self centered.D)Thay are aggressive and greedy.24.From the passage we know that most MBAs_________ .A)can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB)cherish unrealistic expectations about their futureC)quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesD)receive salaries that do not match their professional training25.What is the passage mainly about?A)A debate held recently on university campuses.B)Doubts about the worth of hodding an MBA degree.C)Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.D)The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are hased on the following passage.German Chancellor (首相)Otto V on Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent.but his legacy(遣产)includes many of today"s social insurance programs.During the middle of the 19thcentury,Germany,along with other European nations,experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization.Motivated in part by Christian compassion(怜悯)for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut thesupport of the socialist labor movement.Chancellor Bismarck created the world"sfirst workers" compensation law in 1884.By 1908,the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers"compensationinsurance.America"s injured orkers could sue for damages in a court of law,but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers.For example,employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace.The first state workers" compensation law in the country passed in 1911,and the program soom spread throughout the nation.After World War Ⅱ，benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living.In fact,real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s,and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four.In 1970,President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers" compensation.Two years later,the commission issued 19 key recommendations,inluding one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states" average weekly wages.In fact,the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states" average weekly wages in 1072 to 97 percent today.But, as most studies show,every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims.And with so much more money floating in the workers" compensation system,it"s not surprising theat doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.26.A)The world"s first workers" compensation law was introduced by Bismarck .A)for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movementB)out of religious and political considerationsC)to speed up the pace of industrializationD)to make industrial production safer27.We learn from the passage that the process of industrialiation in Europe _______.A)met growing resistance from laborers working at machinesB)resulted in the development of popular social insurance programsC)was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidentsD)required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace28.One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 19th century was that _______.A)they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accidentB)America"s average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of livingC)different state in the U.S. had totally different compensation programsD)they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of law29.After 1972 workers" compensation insurance in the U.S. became more favorable to workers so that ______ .A)the poverty level for a family of fourwent up drasticallyB)more money was allocated to their compensation systemC)there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claimsD)the number of workers suing for damages increased30.The author ends the passage with the implication that __________.A)compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heightsB)people from all walks of life can benefit from the compensation systemC)the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation systemD)money floating in the compensation system is a huge drain on the U.S. economyPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.When school officials in Kalkaska,Michigan,closed classes last week,the media flocked to the story,portraying the town"s 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬的) taxpayers.There is some truth to that;the property-tax rate hereis one-third lower than the state average.But shutting their schools also sallowed Kalkaska"s educators and the state"s largest teachers"union,the Michigan Education Association,to make a politcal point.Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state"s share of school funding.It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residicted a 28 percent property-tax increase.The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $ 1.5 million needed to keep schools open. But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open.Officials declined to borrow against next year"s state aid,they refused to trim extracurricular activities and they did not consider seeking a smaller-perhaps more acceptable-tax increase.In fact,closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount,including 4600,000 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $250,000 in lost state sid.In February,the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early,a deal that will cost the district $ 275,000 more.Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager to make a political statement as to keep schools open.The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closings,which attracted 14 local and national television stations and networks.The president of the National Education Association,the MEA"s parent organization,flew from Washington,D.C.,for the event.And to union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews.School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges t he district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated. Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings.The state Senate has already voted to put the system into receivership (破产管理) and reopen schools immediately;the Michigan House Plans to considr the bill this week.31.We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska,Michigan,are funded______ .A)mainly by the state governmentB)exclusively by the local governmentC)by the National Education AssociationD)by both the local and state governments32.One of the purposes for which school officials closed classes was ______.A)to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issuesB)to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staffC)to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increastng state funds for local schoolsD)to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the public33.The author seems to disapprove of________ .A)the shutting of schools in KalkaskaB)the involvement of the mass mediaC)the Michigan lawmakers"endless debatingD)delaying the passage of the school funding legislation34.We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska are more concerned about_______ .A)making a political issue of the closing of the schoolsB)the attitude of the MEA"s parent organizationC)a raise in the property-tax rate in MichiganD)reopening the shools there immediately35.According to the passage,the closing of the schools developed into a crisis because of _______.A)the strong protest on the part of the students"parentsB)the political motives on the part of the educatorsC)the weak response of the state officialsD)the complexity of the problemPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World Wer Ⅱ，an American retailing analyst named V ictor Lebow proclaimed,"Our enormously productive economy...demands that we make consumption our way oflife,that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals,that we seek our spiritual satisfaction,our ego satisfaction,is consumption. ... We need things consumed,burned up,worn out,replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.”Americans have responded to Lebow"s call,and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values.Opinion surveys in the world"s two largest economics—Japan and the United States—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.Overconsumption by the world"s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth.Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests,soils,water,air and climate.Ironically,high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms,too.The time-honored values of integrity of character,good work,friendship,family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that,misled by a consumerist culture,they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social,psychological and spiritual needs with material things.Of course,the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no solution to either environmental or human problems.It is infinitely worse for people and bad for thenatural world too.Dispos sessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America,and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland,reducing it to desert.If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much,we are left to wonder how much is enough.What level of consumption can the earth support?When dose having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?36.The emergence of the affluent society after World War II .A)led to the reform of the retailing systemB)resulted in the worship of consumerismC)gave rise to the dominance of the new egoismD)gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers37.Apart from enormous productivity,another important impetus to high consumption is _______.A)the people"s desire for a rise in their living standardsB)the concept that one"s success is measured by how much they consumeC)the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD)the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals38. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A)Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B)Because overconsumption won"t last long due to unrestricted population growth.C)Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.D)Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.39.According to the passage,consumerist culture_______ .A)will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countriesB)will not aggravate nevironmental problemsC)cannot thrive on a fragile economyD)cannot satisfy human spiritual needs40.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A)human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB)whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueC)how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemD)there is never an end to satisfying people"s material needsPart Ⅲ V ocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices markedA),B),C)andD).Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41.Others viewed the findings with______ ,noting that a ca-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancr remains to be shown.A)cautionB)passionC)optimismD)deliberation42.When supply exceeds demand for any product,prices are _______to fall.A)thmelyB)liableC)simultaneousD)subject43.The results are hardly_______ ;he cannot believe they are accurate.A)crucialB)liableC)simultaneousD)subject44.The ball______ two or three times before rolling down the slope.A)swayedB)hoppedC)dartedD)bounced45.Connie was told that if she worked too hard,her health would _______.A)decayB)hoppedC)dartedD)degrade46.How much of your country"s electrical supply is______ from water power?A)deducedB)derivedC)detachedD)declined47.The glass vessels should be handled most carefully since they are_________ .A)crispC)subtleD)fragile48.He blew out the candle and_______ his way to the door.A)convergedB)wrenchedC)gropedD)strove49.I have had my eyes tested and the report says that my_______ is perfect.A)visionB)horizonC)outlookD)perspective50.The music aroused an _______feeling of homesickness in him.A)intrinsicB)intentionalC)intermittentD)intense51 This new printer is ________with all leading software.A)competitiveB)cooperativeC)compatibleD)comparable52.Many types of rock are_______ from volcanoes as solid,fragmentary material.A)ejectedB)injectedC)propelledD)flung53.The person who _______this type of approach for doing research deserves our praise.A)generatedB)originatedC)speculatedD)manufactured54.More than 85 percent of French Canada"s population speaks French as a mother tongue and ______to the Roman Catholic faith.A)ascribesB)subscribesC)adheresD)caters55.In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal,expansion joints are fitted which______ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely.A)reclaimB)reconcileC)rectify56.Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops,but this only _____the crisis.A)precedesB)prevailsC)ascendsD)accelerates57.He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in ________with the Imperial Museum.A)combinationB)collaborationC)connectionD)collection58.The 1986 Challenger space-shuttle _______was caused by unusually low temperatures immediately before the launch.A)dismayB)disasterC)expeditionD)controversy59.I bought an alarm clock with a(n)______ dial,which can be seen clearly in the dark.A)audibleB)amplifiedC)supersonicD)luminous60.With prices________ so much,it is difficult for the school to plan a budget.A)vibratingB)swingingC)fluctuatingD)fluttering61. ________that the demand for power continues to rise at the current rate,it will not be long before traditional sources become inadequate.A)ConcerningB)RegardingC)AscertainingD)Assuming62.We find that some birds _____twice a year between hot and cold countries.A)migrateB)emigrateC)transferD)commute63.As visiting scholars,they _______willingly to the customs of the country they live in.A)submitB)commitC)conformD)subject64.The professor found himself constantly_______ the question:“How could anyone do these things?"A)poringB)ponderingC)presidingD)presuming65.In those days,executives expected to spend most of their lives in the same firm and ,unless they were dismissed for_______ ,to retire at the age of 65.A)denialB)deductionC)integrityD)incompetence66.Her jewelry_______ under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball.A)blazedB)dazzledC)glaredD)glittered67.Weeks ______before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery.A)elapsedB)expiredC)overlappedD)terminated68.Often such arguments have the effect of ______rather than clarifying the issues involved.A)blockingB)obscuringC)tacklingD)prejudicing69.He raised his eyebrows and stuck his bead forward and _______it in a single nod,a gesture boys used then for O.K.when they were pleased.A)jerkedB)twistedC)shruggedD)tugged70.She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company"s client data,which she intended to ______in starting her own business.A)dwell onB)base onC)draw uponD)come uponPart IV Cloze (15minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D)on the right side of the paper.Y ou should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.when women do become managers,do they bring a different style and different skills to the job?Are they better,or worse,managers than men ?Are women more highly motivated and 71than male nanagers?Some research72the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs,such adgreater 73an emphasis on affiliation and attachment,and a 74to bring emotional factors to bear 75making workplace decisions. These differences are 76to carry advantages for companies, 77they expand the range of techniques that can be used to 78the company manage its workforce 79 .Astudy commissioned by the international Women"s Forum 80 a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men)that81from the command and control style 82used by male ing this “interactive leadership”approach,“women 83participation,share power and information, 84 other people"s self-worth,and get others excited abort their work.All these 85 reflect their belief that allowing 86to contribute and to feel 87and important is a win-win88-good for the employees and the organization .”The study"s director 89that “interactive leadership may energe 90the management style of choice for many organizations.”71.A)committedB)confrontedC)confinedD)commanded72.A)despisesB)supportsC)opposesD)argues73.A)coherenceB)correlationC)combinationD)cooperativeness74.A)sensitivityB)willingnessC)virtueD)loyalty75.A)byB)withC)inD)at76.A)seenB)revisedC)watchedD)disclosed77.A)becauseB)whereasC)nonetheless。