英语语法主谓一致
英语语法---主谓一致
主谓一致所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。
主谓一致的三个原则:语法一致,就近一致,意义一致。
1.两个名词由and连接作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。
Both Jack and Tim are diving.但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance.✧特别注意:用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包),knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink.威士忌酒加苏打水是他是喜爱的饮品。
2.集合名词如public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group等作主语时, 如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数;指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。
His family is a large one. ( 强调整体)The family are all music lovers. (指家庭成员) 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。
people指“民族”时是例外。
The police are searching for a thief.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.3.Everybody everything everyone somebody something someone anything anybody nobody nothing✧当这些词做主语时,谓语动词用单数,如Someone is asking for you.Nothing is found in the room.4.书名、时间、距离、价格、重量等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。
(完整版)英语语法主谓一致
1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。
2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
(1)语法一致原则:主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.(2)意义一致原则:主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.(3)就近一直原则:当主语有两个或两个以上时,谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。
并列主语的谓语一致1.And(1)两个单数名词用and连接,表示不同概念时,谓语用发复数。
Tom and Jack are close friends.(2)两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一歌人、同一个物,同一个概念,或表示不可分割的整体时,谓语用单数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.(3)被every,each,many a,no等限定的单数名词由and连接时,谓语仍用单数,其中,后一个限定词可以省略。
every ……and ……every,each……and……each,no……and……no, many a……and……many a。
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.(4)一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时,可以指一件事或几件事,这种名词作主语,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。
Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.(5)由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数What he says and does do not agree.(言行不一致)What he says and does does not concern me.2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。
英语语法——主谓一致
主语复--谓语复 ; 主语单---பைடு நூலகம்-谓语单
A knife and fork_i_s_ used to have meals.
(and 后无冠词) 指同一个人
(and 后无冠词)
The singer and dancer__is__ on the stage.
指一副刀叉
主语复--谓语复 ; 主语单-----谓语单
主语形单意复,谓语用复数 主语形复意单,谓语用单数
谓语的单复数形式 取决于最靠近他的主语。
“主语+ 附属结构” 作主语 谓语与主语一致
语法一致
主语复--谓语复 ; 主语单-----谓语单
1.常见复数形式名词:
(1)Trousers、scissors(剪刀)、 clothes、goods(货物)、glasses、shoes
Every boy and every girl in the class _______(be) diligent. No sound and no voice _______(be) heard.
主语复--谓语复 ; 主语单-----谓语单
7. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语 ——— 谓语动词用单数
主形单意复,谓语复;主形复意单,谓语单
2. 有些以-s 结尾的名词虽形式是复数, 但意义上是单数(形复意单)谓语用单
① Every means _h_a_s___ been tried since then. ② No news __i_s_ good news. (is / are) ③ Maths / physics __i_s__ the subject that I like most. (is / are)
初中英语语法之主谓一致
初中英语语法之主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语必须保持人称和数的变化一致,即句中谓语的变化形式由句子主语的人称和数的形式决定。
主谓一致通常遵循三个原那么语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原那么。
语法一致语法一致是指主语的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
考点一:一般情况下,主语为单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数可数名词或代词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
考点二:动词不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
考点三:复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone,everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
注意:1. "neither of/none/either of +复数可数名词/代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可。
2. either指"两者之中任何一个”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
3. each作同位语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语的数;"each of +复数可数名词/代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
考点四:当用both ... and…连接并列主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
当and连接的两个名词表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数形式;当表示同一人、同一物或同一个概念,或表示不可分的整体时,谓语动词用单数形式。
考点五:当主语后面跟有with, except, including, along with, together with, as well as, in addition to等词语引导的短语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式由主语的单、复数形式决定。
考点六:一些由两局部构成的表示物体的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,如shoe, glove, trouser, scissor, chopstick等。
英语语法原则主谓一致三原则
英语语法原则主谓一致三原则主谓一致三原则1. 形式一致的原则一般说来,当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时,谓语动词就用单数形式;当作主语的名词或代词是复数时,谓语动词就复数形式:如:(1) He likes skating in winter.他喜欢冬天滑冰。
(2) Alice reads much.艾利斯看了很多书。
(3) They don’t live here.他们不住这里。
2. 意义一致的原则英语中,有些名词或代词形式上是单数,而意义上可能是复数,这时,谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。
如:(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match.在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。
(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home.我到他家时,他家的人在看电视。
(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class.我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。
3. 邻近一致的原则英语中,有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语,此时,谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。
如:(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room.他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。
(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room.他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。
(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。
(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there.是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去?英语基本句型归纳基本句型一:S V (主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
英语语法主谓一致整理
主谓一致主谓一致(Subject-Verb Concord)即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致,语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致,意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致,就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。
表里不一主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象1,"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.2,"many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如:Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.3,"half of ,the rest of ,most of ,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如:"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如:What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each ,every ,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如:No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.7,当主语后面有as well as ,with ,along with ,together with ,but ,like ,rather than ,except,逗号加and连接几个名词等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如:My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京. 8,each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如:They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.11,以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics ,physics ,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news ,works ,plastics等同属此类.例如:Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时,用作复数,如:mathematics(运算能力)politics(政治观点)economics(经济意义)等。
英语语法之主谓一致
主谓一致定义谓语动词和主语要在人称和数量上保持一致。
不同的主语,其谓语动词在英语中单复数会有差别。
主谓“三”一致:语法一致;内容一致;就近一致。
一、语法一致1. A but B 结构,谓语动词的单复数是由A 来决定。
例子:No one but her parents knows it. ( know )类似结构:谓语动词单复数一般由A 决定例子:Jane and Jone, like Henty, were late.例子:All of us, including me, are going to sli next mouth.2. Not only A but also B / Neither A nor B / Either A or B / A or B谓语动词单复数一般是由B 来决定。
例子:Neither John nor I am happy.Either the teacher or the students are correct.1. Tom, together with Mary and Alice, _______ swim this afternoon.A. is going toB. are going toC. areD. has2. The manager or his secretary _______ to give you an interview.A. isB. areC. wasD. were3. Not only I but also Jane _______ tired of having one examination afteranother.A. isB. areC. amD. be4. E-mail, as well as telephones, _______ an important part in dailycommunication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play3. and 结构A andB 结构作主语,一般说谓语动词用复数例:Tom and I are best friends.①看清到底是一个人还是两个人,通过定冠词来进行分析例题:The poet and writer has come. 表示一个人A poet and a writer have come.② each A and each B / every A and every B / many a A and many a B / no A and noB 作主语,谓语一般用单数例:Every man and every woman is asked to help.注意:many a 表示许多,等于 many③成对配套的可数名词后面一般用单数例:the knife and fork (刀叉)——> The knife and fork has been washed.a needle and thread 针线 a desk and chair 桌椅pen and ink 笔墨 a lock and key 锁和钥匙练习:1. A singer and dancer ___ present at the party.A. isB. areC. wasD. were2. Many a boy and many a student _______ looking forward to visiting theUnited States of America present.A. areB. wereC. isD. was3. The engineer and worker referred to ____ to design something.A. be goingB. are goingC. be likelyD. is going4. No bird and no beast _______ in the lonely island.A. are seenB. is seenC. seeD. sees4. 动名词/ 不定式/ 主语从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数例:Walking is a good form of exercise.To perserve means victory.What I need is your love.练习:1. That they have cheated the boys ______ now clear to us all.A. isB. areC. wasD. were2. Writing stories and articles ______ what she enjoys most.A. isB. have beenC. wasD. were5. 如果名词被all / some / most / half / part / the rest / 分数/ 百分数等修饰时,谓语动词由主语决定。
主谓一致的规则与注意点
主谓一致的规则与注意点在英语语法中,主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称和数上相互匹配的规则。
正确的主谓一致可以使句子更加通顺,准确地传达出所要表达的意思。
本文将介绍主谓一致的规则和注意点,并给出一些相关的例子。
一、一般情况下的主谓一致规则1. 单数主语与单数谓语动词一致:- The dog barks loudly.(这只狗吠叫得很大声。
)- My friend likes to read books.(我的朋友喜欢读书。
)2. 复数主语与复数谓语动词一致:- The birds fly south for the winter.(鸟儿们为了过冬飞向南方。
) - My parents are doctors.(我父母是医生。
)3. 不可数名词作为主语时,用单数谓语动词:- Physics is an interesting subject.(物理是一门有趣的科目。
)- Sugar tastes sweet.(糖的味道甜。
)4. 使用there is/are句型时,谓语动词与后面的主语一致:- There is a cat on the roof.(屋顶上有一只猫。
)- There are many books on the shelf.(书架上有很多书。
)二、特殊情况下的主谓一致规则1. 当主语由“each”, “every”, “either”, “neither”等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式:- Each student needs to bring their own pen.(每个学生都需要带上自己的钢笔。
)- Neither of them is available tomorrow.(他们中的任何一个明天都不可用。
)2. 当主语由“either...or”, “neither...nor”, “not only...but also”等连接时,谓语动词与最靠近的主语一致:- Either the cat or the dogs are sleeping.(要么猫要么狗正在睡觉。
主谓一致语法
② The professor, together with many of
his students, is entering the meeting
hall.
二、百分数、分数做主语时的主谓一致
当百分数、分数后加名词或代词时, 要根据这个名词或代词来确定其谓动 的单复数形式。
三、不定代词做主语时的主谓一致
Niagara Falls are a splendid scene.
5.名词如trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissors以及clothes, goods等做主语,谓 动要用单数;但当这类词前有a/the pair of
修饰时,谓动用单数。
七、number, many a...等做主语时的主谓一 致
六、形式为复数、意义为单数的名词做主语 时的主谓一致
1.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体 积等意义的名词做主语,谓动常用单数。
2.两数相加、相乘,谓动单复数均可; 两数相减、相除,谓动只用单数。
①Thirty-six from forty leaves six.
②Six times seven are/is forty-two.
• 另外,neither...nor, either...or,not only...but also连接两个名词或代词作主语时,或 由there,here引导的句子,并且主语 不止一个时,谓语动词通常与邻近它的 那个主语保持数上一致。
除了上述三个原则外,还有一 些特殊的情况需要注意:
• 1.表示时间、重量、数目、价格、长度、 数学运算等的词或词组作主语时,尽管 它们是复数形式,但如果把这些复数形 式的词或词组看作是一个整体,谓语动 词就用单数形式。
英语语法之主谓一致
主谓一致1.在一般现在时中,若主语是单数第三人称,谓语动词则要加-s或-es, 具体变化同名词的单数变复数。
如:He goes to school at 8 every morning. 不说:He go….1)单数第三人称作主语的词包括:单数人称代词:he, she, it不定代词:each, everyone人名:John, Bill Gates等。
普通单数名词:my brother, English等。
2)单数动词的变化有:be—is; have—has; 其他动词在词尾加-s或-es, 具体变化同名词的单数变复数,work—works, study--studies。
若主语是单数第一、第二人称或复数,则谓语动词永原形,不需要加-s或-es.常见的这样的主语有:单数人称代词:I, you 复数人称代词:we, you, they 复数名词:students, books等。
2.在助动词或情态动词后面,直接接动词原型。
a. She can sing in English.b. He goes to school early. / He doesn’t go to school early.3.There be 句型的主谓一致。
研究下列句子:There is a book on the desk. There are two books on the desk.There be 句型是一倒装结构,因此谓语动词的单复数要与be动词后面的名词一致。
4.“数量词+名词”结构的主谓一致在上述数量词中,有些还可以接of 短语连用。
具体用法如下:5.单数形式的名词作主语与谓语动词形式的关系一般来说,单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,这个符合英语中的语法上一致原则。
但此种情况也有例外。
现在详细归纳如下:1)Many a +名词单数,虽为复数概念,但谓语用单数。
a.There is many an error that he has neglected.b.Many a man and (many a) woman has wished that he or she had had abetter education. (Many men and women have….)2)More than one+可数名词单数,是复数概念,但谓语用单数。
主谓一致的规则及应用
主谓一致的规则及应用主谓一致是英语语法中的基本规则,指的是主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
正确运用主谓一致规则会增强句子的准确性和流畅性,使表达更加清晰。
本文将介绍主谓一致的规则,并给出一些应用实例。
一、基本规则1. 单数主语与单数谓语动词一致。
例如:- The cat is sleeping.(这只猫在睡觉。
)- She runs every morning.(她每天早上跑步。
)2. 复数主语与复数谓语动词一致。
例如:- The students are studying in the library.(学生们正在图书馆学习。
)- They play football every weekend.(他们每个周末踢足球。
)3. 不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常使用单数形式。
例如:- Rice is a staple food in many countries.(米饭是许多国家的主食。
)- Water is essential for life.(水对生命至关重要。
)4. 用作主语的不定代词通常与单数谓语动词一致。
例如:- Everyone wants to be happy.(每个人都想要快乐。
)- Somebody has left their bag here.(有人把包落在这里了。
)5. 连接词and连接的两个主语,谓语动词通常与复数一致。
例如:- Tom and Jerry are good friends.(汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。
)- My mom and dad like gardening.(我爸爸妈妈喜欢园艺。
)二、特殊情况1. 数量词、百分数加名词短语作主语时,谓语动词取决于名词短语中的名词单复数形式。
例如:- Fifty percent of the students are girls.(百分之五十的学生是女孩。
)- A lot of money has been spent on this project.(这个项目花费了很多钱。
英语语法主谓一致
主谓一致主谓一致Subject-Verb Concord即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致;主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致;语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致;意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致;就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致..表里不一主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象1;"more than one +名词"作主语时;谓语动词常用单数.例如:More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花. 2;"many a +名词"作主语时;从意义上看是复数;但谓语动词常用单数.例如:Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.3;"half of ;the rest of ;most of ;all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时;谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.4;all指人时;动词用复数;all指物时;动词用单数.例如:"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了;一切进展顺利5;what引导的主语从句;谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时;动词用单数;相反;则用复数.例如:What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.6;and连接的两个单数名词前若用each ;every ;no修饰;该名词短语作主语时;谓语动词用单数形式.例如:No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.7;当主语后面有as well as ;with ;along with ;together with ;but ;like ;rather than ;except;逗号加and连接几个名词等引导的短语时;谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如:My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京.8;each作主语的同位语时;谓语动词由主语来决定;与each无关.例如:They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.9;动词不定式;动词-ing形式短语作主语时;谓语动词常用单数.例如:Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.10;the following作主语时;谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.11;以-ics结尾的学科名词;如politics ;physics ;mathematics等作主语时;谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news ;works ;plastics等同属此类.例如:Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时;用作复数;如:mathematics运算能力politics政治观点economics经济意义等..12;有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数trousers ;glasses ;shoes .shorts .scissors .scales等作主语时;前面若有"一条";"一副";"一把"之类的单位词;动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数;则谓语动词用复数.例如:The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适.还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数:arms武器.clothes .contents .minutes记录.remains遗体.thanks等13;"one and a half +名词"作主语时;谓语动词要用单数.例如:One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.14;"One or two more +复数名词"作主语时;谓语动词用复数.例如:One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.15;"one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中;定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中;"the one of + 复数名词+定语从句"定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如:He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.16;表示时间;距离;金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时;谓语动词常用单数;但若强调数量;谓语动词可用复数.例如:One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱. -s结尾一以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题;以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题;如:arthritis ;bronchitis ;diabetes ;mumps ;phlebitis ;rickets;这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时;谓语动词通常用作单数..例如:Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.二以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题;以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时;谓语动词通常用作单数..例如:Darts is basically an easy game.但当Darts;Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时;谓语动词通常用作复数..例如:Three darts are thrown at each turn.All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw.三以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题;某些以-s结尾的地理名称;如果是国名;如the United States;the Netherlands等;因其是单一政治实体;所以谓语动词用作单数..例如:The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s'.In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语;谓语动词用作复数..例如:The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.四以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题;某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时;如physics ;mathematics ;mechanics ;optics ;acoustics ;politics;st atistics ;economics ;linguistics ;athletics等;谓语动词通常用作单数..例如:The third world economics is promising.Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义;可作复数用..例如:Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college.五其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题;.以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语;英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词;如glasses ;pincers ;pliers ;scissors ;shorts ;suspenders ;trousers 等; 为复数名词;后接复数谓语集合名词1单数—复数型.凡是有复数词尾变化形式的集合名词都属于此类.如:a class—classes; a family—families; a government—governments; anarmy—armies ;a people—peoples民族; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew—crews等.这类集合名词强调的是整体性;即当作一个整体或多个整体来看待.属于这类集合名词的单数作主语时;谓语动词用单数;复数形式作主语时;谓语动词用复数.例如A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.每个上午一大群人经常聚集在广场上The government has decided to pass the bill.政府已决定通过这一法案There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.星期天有大群大群的人在街上..There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.在世界上有许多讲英语的民族..但应注意;这类集合名词的单数形式有时表示复数概念;所以这些集合名词的单数形式也可归为"单复同形型"中.2单数型.这类集合名词表示的是人或事物的整体;即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内;所以只有单数形式.如作主语;谓语动词常用单数.这类名词常见的有:humanity ;mankind ;proletariat等.例如The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment ;mankind makes constant progress.3复数型.这类集合名词在形式和内容上是相互矛盾的;就是说它们只有单数形式;但表达的都是复数概念.它强调的是集体中的个体性.这类名词有:police ;cattle ;faculty ;flock ;machinery ;vermin ;personnel等.它们作主语时;谓语动词要用复数.例如The police have caught the murder.Our personnel are very highly trained.The vermin are very dangerous.4单复同形型.这类集合名词的单数形式既可表示单数也可表示复数.作主语时;用单数动词或复数动词均可;有时意义区别不大;具体看语境;是强调集体还是个体..例如The school teaching staff are is excellent.The public is are requested not to litter in the park.The teaching profession claims to be badly paid.这类集合名词常见的有:class;family;team;crew;board;herd;committee;party;jury;enemy;au dience等.根据说话人的心理意向若把这个集合名词所代表的人或事物看作一个整体;就认为是单数;用单数动词;若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干个个体的话;就认为其为复数;用复数动词.试比较:The football team is playing well.那个足球队打得非常漂亮. The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球队员们正在洗澡;然后来这里吃茶点.The family is a very happy one.那个家庭是一个非常幸福的家庭.That family are very pleased about the news of William's success. 全家人对威廉的成功都感到很高兴.典型例题1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.注意:当主语由and连接时;如果它表示一个单一的概念;即指同一人或同一物时;谓语动词用is;and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词;共用一个冠词用单数;表示The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案 B. 注:先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时;先排除A.;C..本题易误选D;因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人;但仔细辨别;monitor 前没有the;在英语中;当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人;所以应选B.2 主谓一致中的就近原则当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时;谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致.There is a pen;a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.总的来说;在由not only…but also…;not just…but…;or;either…or…;neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中;谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理;即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式..如:Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.Either you or she is to go.There is a pen ;a few envelops and some paper for you.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with ;together with ;like; except ;but ;no less than ;as well as 等词引起的短语时;谓语动词与前面的主语一致.The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating.4 谓语需用单数1 代词each和由every ;some ;no ;any等构成的复合代词作主语;或主语中含有each ;every;谓语需用单数.Each of us has a tape-recorder.There is something wrong with my watch.2 当主语是一本书或一条格言时;谓语动词常用单数.The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.<一千零一夜>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书.3 表示金钱;时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时;通常把这些名词看作一个整体;谓语一般用单数.用复数也可;意思不变.Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数1 在代词what ;which ;who ;none ;some ;any ;more ;most ;all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定.All is right. 一切顺利.All are present. 所有人都到齐了.2 集体名词作主语时;谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family ;team;group;club ;public ;audience ;crew ;crowd ;class ; company ;committee等词后用复数形式时;意为这个集体中的各个成员;用单数时表示该个集体.His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭.His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者.但集合名词people ;police ;cattle ;poultry家禽.militia民兵.vermin 害虫等在任何情况下都用复数形式.Are there any police around3有些名词;如variety ;number ;population ;proportion ;majority 等有时看作单数;有时看作复数.A number of +名词复数+动词的第三人称单数形式.The number of +名词复数+动词非第三人称单数形式.A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致1 用half of; part of ;most of ;a portion of 等词引起主语时;动词通常与of后面的名词;代词保持一致.Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2 在一些短语;如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时;谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than… of 作主语时;动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致.Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书.More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市.7 the+形容词/国籍形容词..表示一类人/一国人;作主语;谓语动词用复数..8 the+姓氏的复数;表示一家人或两夫妇;作主语时;谓语动词用复数;9四则运算时;谓语动词用单数..10 表示;时间;距离;重量;金额;书名的复数名词作主语时;通常当做整体看待;谓语动词用单数..。
英语语法主谓一致精讲
英语语法主谓一致精讲主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement),指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
英语语法-----主谓一致
• All the furniture is made of wood. • Some equipment is still at the
experimental stage.
需要记住的: furniture(家具)、equipment(设备)、 merchandise(商品),baggage(行李)、
more time to be
其他形式主谓一致
2. 分数/百分数+of+名词/代词作主语时,谓语的数应与of后面的名词或代词的数保持一致
• Two thirds of food has been sent to that area. • Ten percent of top universities have received subsidies.
并列主语主谓一致
3. and连接并列的单数名词作主语且单数名词被each,every, no等定语修饰时,谓语动词用单数
• Each book and magazine has to be returned on time. • Every door and window in this house has to be repaired.
• Many a student likes to take Professor Smith’s class.
• His advice has been adopted in
the meeting.
4. more than one +名词单数作主语,谓语用单数 2. 集体名词为不可数名词,作主语时,谓语用单数
主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非只取决于语法上的单复数形式,还取决于主语的单复 数意义。有时主语在语法形式上并非复数,但含有复数意义,其后的谓语动词应用复 数形式;反之,主语在语法形式上是复数,而在意义上是单数,其后的谓语动词应用 单数形式。这种一致关系叫作"概念/意义一致原则"。
什么是英语中的主谓一致
什么是英语中的主谓一致英语中的主谓一致指的是句子中的主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
在英语语法中,主语的人称和数应与谓语的人称和数相匹配,以确保句子的结构正确和语义清晰。
主谓一致是英语语法中的基本规则之一,它对于正确表达意思和避免语法错误非常重要。
在英语句子中,主谓一致的主要规则如下:1. 一般情况下,在单数形式的主语前使用单数形式的谓语动词,而在复数形式的主语前使用复数形式的谓语动词。
例如:- He walks to school every day.(他每天步行上学。
)- They walk to school every day.(他们每天步行上学。
)2. 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要加上“-s”或“-es”。
例如:- She reads a book.(她在读一本书。
)- The cat sits on the mat.(猫坐在地毯上。
)3. 当主语是以“-s”、“-x”、“-z”、“-o”结尾的名词时,谓语动词不需要添加“-s”。
例如:- The bus stops here.(公共汽车在这里停车。
)- The box contains books.(盒子里装着书。
)4. 当主语是不可数名词时,谓语动词使用单数形式。
例如:- Water is essential for life.(水对于生命是必不可少的。
)- Music brings joy to people.(音乐给人们带来快乐。
)5. 当主语是复合主语,且由and连接时,谓语动词使用复数形式。
例如:- Tom and Jerry are good friends.(汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。
)6. 当主语是复合主语,且由or、nor连接时,谓语动词与最接近的主语保持一致。
例如:- Either John or his brothers are responsible for the mess.(要么是约翰,要么是他的兄弟们对这个乱糟糟的地方负责。
英语语法总结主谓一致
英语语法总结主谓一致英语语法总结主谓一致总结就是对一个时期的学习、工作或其完成情况进行一次全面系统的回顾和分析的书面材料,它可以有效锻炼我们的语言组织能力,让我们一起来学习写总结吧。
那么总结要注意有什么内容呢?下面是店铺整理的英语语法总结主谓一致,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
英语语法总结主谓一致11.主语是he ,she, it, either, neither, each, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, no one, 等代词时,谓语动词用单数。
Someone is asking for you. 有人在找你。
Everyone is here. 大家都来了。
Each of the boys has an apple.2. 表示总称意义的名词people, cattle, police做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Cattle are farmer’s friends.The policeman is standing at the street corner. The police are searching for him.3. 主语是:时间,距离,价格等名词,即使是复数形式,谓语动词只用单数。
Three years passes quickly.Two meters is not long enough.4.主语是:clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名词时,谓语动词用复数。
The trousers are not expensive.Your socks are over there.5.主语是:family, class, team, group等名词时,如果是作为整体,谓语动词用单数;如果作为其中一个个的成员,谓语动词用复数。
英语语法主谓一致
英语语法主谓一致第一讲主谓一致“一致”(Concord 或Agreement)是指句子成分之间词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主要有主语与动词的一致,主语与补语的一致,限定词与名词中心词的一致,人称代词与并列和非并列先行词的一致,名词与名词或代词的一致。
“主谓一致”是指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数的方面的一致关系,这又叫做“主——动一致”(Subject——verb Concord)。
1. 主谓一致三原则主语和随后的动词(词组),即谓语动词之间的一致关系常为三种不同的原则所支配,即语法一致原则(Grammar Concord),意义一致原则(Notional Concord)和就近原则(Principle of Proximity)。
1.1 语法一致指作主语的名词中心词是复数,动词就用复数形式;如果名词中心词是单数名词或不可数名词,动词就用单数形式。
例如:Both boys have their own merits.In my heart are peace and goodwill.The elevator works very well.Much effort is wasted.1.2 意义∕概念一直指主语和动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式,而是取决于主语的单、复数意义。
有时主语在语法形式上并非复数,但有复数意义,随后的动词就用复数;主语在语法形式上是复数,而在意义上可视为单数,随后的动词用单数。
例如:The jury has asked more time.The jury are unable to agree.Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test.“ Senior citizens” means people over sixty.1.3 就近原则指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语的单、复数形式,而不是与充当主语的名词短语中心词相一致。
主谓一致语法一致原则
主谓一致语法一致原则在英语语法中,主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。
这是一条基本的语法规则,也是英语句子正确表达的重要要素之一。
主谓一致语法一致原则在写作中起到了重要的作用,使句子更加清晰、准确、易于理解。
主谓一致语法一致原则可以应用于不同的句子结构和各种时态。
在下面的几个例子中,我们将详细介绍这一原则的应用。
1. 一般现在时在一般现在时中,主谓一致的原则是:单数主语使用单数谓语动词,复数主语使用复数谓语动词。
例如:- The cat sleeps on the sofa. (猫在沙发上睡觉。
)- The students study hard for the exam. (学生们为了考试努力学习。
)2. 现在进行时在现在进行时中,主谓一致的原则是:单数主语使用单数谓语动词+ing形式,复数主语使用复数谓语动词+ing形式。
例如:- She is watching TV. (她正在看电视。
)- They are playing basketball. (他们正在打篮球。
)3. 一般过去时在一般过去时中,主谓一致的原则是:不论主语是单数还是复数,谓语动词都使用过去式。
例如:- He visited his grandparents last week. (他上周去看望了他的祖父母。
)- They played soccer in the park yesterday. (他们昨天在公园里踢足球。
)4. 过去进行时在过去进行时中,主谓一致的原则是:不论主语是单数还是复数,谓语动词都使用过去式+ing形式。
例如:- She was reading a book when I called her. (我给她打电话的时候她正在读书。
)- They were having dinner when the power went out. (停电的时候他们正在吃晚饭。
)5. 将来时在将来时中,主谓一致的原则是:不论主语是单数还是复数,谓语动词都使用将来时态的形式。
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英语语法主谓一致指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。
处理主谓一致问题,可依据三项原则:语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。
根据这些原则,总结如下:一.谓语动词用单数(1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般要用单数动词。
例如:To work hard is necessary.努力工作是必要的。
Reading without comprehension is no good.只读不理解是不好的。
It pays to work hard. 天道酬勤。
(2)事件、国家、机构名称、书刊及其他作品的名称(专有名词)用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
例如:The United States was formed in 1776.美国于1776年成立。
The New York Times still has a wide circulation.纽约时报发行量仍然很大。
Roots is a novel about a black family.《根》是一部关于(美国)黑人家庭的小说。
(3)表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时,谓语用单数。
例如:Two weeks was too long.两周太长了。
Ten dollars is a small sum.十美元是个小数目。
Five times five makes twenty five.五乘以五是二十五。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.一只半香蕉留在桌子上。
4)表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.语言学是人类语言中的一个分枝。
(5)有些名词形式是复数,意义为单数,作主语时,要求单数动词。
例如:The chaos was stopped by the police.混乱被警察阻止了。
The news is a great encouragement to us.这新闻对我们来说是一个很大的鼓舞。
Her present whereabouts is still unknown.她目前的行踪仍然不明。
(6)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟as well as (以及),no less than (不少于……,多达),rather than(而不是),more than(不止是,超过),but(除了),except(除……外),besides( 加之,还有),with(和……一起,和……一块儿),along with(跟……一起),accompanied by ( 由……陪同),combined with(加上),in addition to(除……以外),including(包括),together with(与……一起)等,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
(7)某些不定代词,如:either,neither,each,one,other,another,anybody,anyone, anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing 等,当他们作主语时,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例如:Each of the boys has an apple.每个孩子都有苹果。
Somebody is using the phone.有人正在用电话。
Everything around us is matter.我们周围一切都是物质。
但是口语中当either或neither后+of+复数名词(或代词)作定语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。
例如:Is (Are)either of the boys ready?两个男孩都准备好了吗?Neither of the novels is (are)interesting.哪一本小说都没意思。
(8)集合名词作主语表示整体概念时,动词用单数谓语形式。
例如:The government is made up of senior members of the four main right wing parties.这届政府由四个主要右翼党的高级官员组成。
His family is not very large.他的家庭并不太大。
The staff of our school is opposed to the drastic changes in the system of education.我们学校的教员都反对教育体制的激烈改革。
The crowd was deeply stirred by his speech.他的演说深深地打动了听众。
(9)一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候,谓语用复数,用and 连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候,动词谓语用单数形式法制law and order 肥皂水soap and water茶杯碟子a cup and saucer 刀叉fork and knife针线the needle and thread 反复尝试,不断摸索trial and error马车horse and carriage 岁月time and tide奶油面包bread and butter 盛衰,潮涨潮落the ebb and flowEg.Bread and butter is our daily food Time and tide waits for no man(10)用and连接的并列成分前面有each,every,many a,no等词修饰时,意义为单数,动词也相应地用单数形式。
例如:In China,every boy and girl has the right to compulsory education.在中国每个儿童都有权利接受义务教育。
Each man and woman who takes the TOEFL is supposed to get the score report in five weeks.参加托福考试的每个人都能在五个星期内收到成绩通知单。
Many a student and teacher has seen the film.不少老师和学生都看过这部影片。
(11) none(of+名词或代词)在正式文体中被看做单数,谓语动词用单数,但非正式文体中也可以用复数。
例如:None of us seem to have thought of it.我们中似乎没有人想到它。
“Is there any letter for me?”“Sorry,there’s none.”“有我的信吗”?“对不起,没有。
”None of the drivers has (have) turned up.一个司机都没有来。
二.谓语动词用复数(1)用and,both...and连接的并列主语,或在both,(a)few,many,several等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。
例如:Plastics and rubber never rot.塑料和橡胶永不生锈。
He and I were classmates when we were at college.他和我大学时曾是同班同学。
Both of these novels are interesting.这两部小说都有意思。
Few people know it.几乎无人知道。
(2)集体名词people,police,public,militia,cattle,class,youth等,常用复数形式的谓语动词。
例如:The Chinese people are brave and hardworking.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
Most police wear uniforms.绝大多数警察穿制服。
The cattle are grazing in the sunshine.一群牛在阳光下吃草。
(3)当表示民族的词与冠词合用充当主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:The Japanese were once very aggressive.日本人曾是很具有侵略性的。
The English are more conservative and less talkative than the Americans.英国人比美国人保守且不爱说话。
(4)某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人。
作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:The rich are not always selfish.富人不总是自私的。
The wounded are well treated here.伤员在这儿接受良好治疗。
The aged suffer from various miseries in this country.老年人在这个国家承受各种悲惨遭遇。
(5)不可数名词作主语,其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Three million tons of coal were exported that year.那年出口三百万吨煤。
Two million square meters of housing were constructed in my hometown last year.我的家乡去年盖了二百万平方米的住宅。
三.谓语动词可用单数也可以用复数1.就近一致有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致,主要有以下两种情况:(1)用连词either...or,neither...nor,whether...or,not only...but(also),or等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。
例如:What he does or what he says does not concern me.他做什么或是他说什么与我无关。
Either the boy or the girl knows him well.不是这男孩就是那女孩了解他。
Neither money nor fame has influence on me. 钱和荣誉都不会让我动心。
Not only you but also he is wrong.你和他都错了。
(2)在倒装结构中,谓语动词往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。
例如:Where is your mother and younger sisters?你的母亲和妹妹们在哪里?There is a book,two pencils and some buttons on the table.在桌子上,有一本书,两支铅笔和一些扣子。