第二章 语法特征(1)

• • • • •
Who: Arthur Prentice, 35-year-old, a lorry driver What: He was arrested by the police. Where: He was from Bannlesthrip, Cambridgeshire When: His arrest was disclosed late last night. Why: He was wanted in connection with the disappearance of a girl.
4. The Centaur Bar serves 18 kinds of Martinis to a well dressed, racially diverse upbeat group young professionals. The bar is in a bold art-deco setting.
名词+过去分词
• • • • • • • disaster-hit area 灾区 man-made lake 人工湖 examination-directed education 应试教育 knowledge-based economy 知识经济 Poverty-stricken area 贫困地区 State-owned enterprise 国有企业 Web-enabled phone 网络电话
• 代替从句
酌情镶嵌插入语 （parห้องสมุดไป่ตู้nthesis ）
The Indian National Congress—at the time a predominantly upper-class Hindu organization—tried to make common cause with local Muslims. Washington Hotel, part of Washington’s exclusive and notorious Watergate complex, has been sold to the investment bank Blackstone Group.
• 插入同位语 (appositive) • 为使句子简洁精炼，尽可能多的传递信息 英语新闻记者经常插入同位语 • The group of five Senator, led by Frank Church,
Democrat of Idaho, the committee chairman, is on a six-day visit to china. • Mr. Fernan, the law professor, cites his hometown, San Fabian, a small community south of Manila, as an example.
• 合并句子(sentence-combining) • 新闻记者力求将丰富的信息压缩在有限的篇幅中
• Andrew P.Rourke, the Republican Candidate for governor,said yesterday that he would withdraw from a televised debate with Governor Cuomo if the candidate of the New Alliance Party, which he accused of extremist views, participates.
2. Mrs.Clinton had suggested she wanted to wait before
deciding about her future. It was in speech after Tuesday night’s primaries.

His tenant is an entrepreneur whose company makes shark-fin antennae, an increasingly popular car part, just the sort of person one would expect to live in trendy suburbs such as Royal Oak or Ferndale. Mrs Clinton has, in a speech after Tuesday night’s primaries, suggested she wanted to wait before deciding about her future.
High-ranking official Long-standing issue wide-ranging report Wide-spread bird flu

3. Mrs. Clinton’s decision came as some of her prominent supporters announced they were now backing Mr. Obama. Among them is former vice president Walter F. Mondale.
形容词+过去分词
• Deep-rooted social and • economic problems • • Quick-frozen food • Foreign-owned enterprise • • • Short-term coup 根深蒂固的社会和 经济问题 速冻食品 外资企业 短暂政变
前置定语，种类繁多
• 英语新闻写作中，记者往往灵活使用多重前 置定语（heavy use of attributes),且构成方式 多样。现举例如下： 副词+过去分词 • Highly-sophisticated technology 高端技术 • Hard-won result 来之不易的成果 • Richly-paid job 薪水丰厚的工作 • Newly-found coal mine 新发现的煤矿
名词+现在分词 • • • • • Cancer-causing drugs peace-keeping force energy-saving device Oil-producing country Policy-making body
• In Beijing, FON calls upon student participation for their regular tree-planting and bird-watching trip to the city’s outskirts.
英语报刊语言的语法特征
• • • • • •
灵活采用省略句式 酌情镶嵌插入语 句型松散，富有弹性 巧用时态，不拘呼应 前置定语，种类繁多 注明出处，形式多样
灵活采用省略句式
• 介词On的省略 Suchinda Kraprayon resigned Sunday as prime minister to take responsibility for bloody repression of democracy protest… • 连词that的省略 Butros Ghali said the rich nations were to blame for the rising of the earth’s temperature
• The Centaur Bar. in a bold art-deco setting, serves 18 kinds of Martinis to a well dressed, racially diverse upbeat group of young professionals.
句型松散，富有弹性
Make a list of things that the news report mentions about him in terms of Who, What, When, Where, and Why.
• Warwickshire police announced late last night that Arthur Prentice, a 35-year-old lorry driver of Babblesthorpe, Cambridgeshire, wanted in connection with the disappearance of 17-year-old Glenys Dennis from her home in Cambridge last March, had been arrested in the Solihull area of Birmingham and was helping polices with their enquiries.
名词+名词
• arm-reduction talks
• • • •
裁军谈判 North-south dialog 南北对话 hunger-strike sitdown 绝食静坐 Supply-demand imbalance 供需失衡 Million-dollar humanitarian aid 百万美元的人道主义援助
名词+形容词 • • • • • •
• interest-free loan 无息贷款 • 资本密集型国家Capital-intensive country • Hand-free phone 免提电话 • Vehicle-free promenade 步行街 厌战的士兵 • war-weary soldiers • Oil-poor country 贫油国
• 分裂不定式 split infinitive • It may be days before investigators can begin to carefully sift through the tons of debris for clues to the bomber. • The Indian Army had warned earlier that its troops would shoot at anyone who tried to illegally enter Indian territory.
形容词+名词 • • • •
门户开放政策 隆重欢迎 最高级会谈 长期低利息贷款
• • • •
open-door policy red-carpet welcome Top-level talk Long-term, low-interest loan
形容词+现在分词 • • • •
高级官员 • 由来已久的问题 • 内容广泛的报告 • 到处蔓延的禽流感 •
• Mrs. Clinton’s decision came as some of her prominent supporters—including former vice president Walter F. Mondale-announced they were now backing Mr.Obama.
Practice: Combine the following sentences into one sentence, using parentheses when necessary.
1. His tenant is an entrepreneur The entrepreeneur’s company makes shark-fin antennae. A shark-fin antenna is an increasingly popular car part. His tenant is just the sort of person one would expect to live in trendy suburbs such as Royal Oak or Ferndale.