高级英语第一册详细讲解
高级英语第一册Unit 4 文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案
Unit 4 Everyday Use for Your GrandmamaEveryday Use for Your Grandmama 教学目的及重点难点Objectives of TeachingTo comprehend the whole storyTo lean and master the vocabulary and expressionsTo learn to paraphrase the difficult sentencesTo understand the structure of the textTo appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Important and Difficult pointsThe comprehension of the whole storyThe understanding of certain expressionsThe appreciation of the writing techniqueColloquial, slangy or black EnglishCultural difference between nationalities in the USIV. Character AnalysisDee:She has held life always in the palm of one hand."No" is a word the world never learned to say to her.She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature.She was determined to share down any disaster in her efforts.I. Rhetorical devices:Parallelism:chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffleMetaphor:She washed us in a river of...burned us... Pressed us ...to shove us away stare down any disaster in her efforts...Everyday Use for your grandmama -- by Alice WalkerEveryday Use for your grandmamaAlice WalkerI will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yester day afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that nevercome inside the house.Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her.You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?) On TV mother and child embrace and smile into each other's face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs.Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty man like Johnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tear s in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers.In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill be-fore nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pan-cake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Car – son has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.But that is a mistake. I know even before I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one toot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature."How do I look, Mama?" Maggie says, showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse for me to know she's there, almost hidden by the door."Come out into the yard," I say.Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? That is the way my Maggie walks. She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ever since the fire that burned the other house to theground.Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure. She's a woman now, though sometimes I forget. How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve years? Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggie's arms sticking to me, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black papery flakes. Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflect-ed in them. And Dee. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of; a look at concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house tall in toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why don't you do a dance around the ashes? I'd wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much.I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to school. She used to read to us without pity, forcing words, lies, other folks' habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn't necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, we seemed about to understand.Dee wanted nice things. A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation from high school; black pumps to match a green suit she'd made from an old suit somebody gave me. She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts. Her eyelids would not flicker for minutes at a time. Often I fought off the temptation to shake her. At sixteen she had a style of her own' and knew what style was.I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down. Don't ask me why. in 1927 colored asked fewer questions than they do now. Sometimes Maggie reads to me. She stumbles along good-naturedly but can't see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. She will marry John Thomas (who has mossy teeth in an earnest face) and then I'll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs to myself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a man's job. 1 used to love to milk till I was hooked in the side in '49. Cows are soothing and slow and don't bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.I have deliberately turned my back on the house. It is three rooms, just like the one that burned, except the roof is tin: they don't make shingle roofs any more. There are no real windows, just some holes cut in the sides, like the portholes in a ship, but not round and not square, with rawhide holding the shutter s up on the outside. This house is in a pasture, too, like the other one. No doubt when Dee sees it she will want to tear it down. She wrote me once that no matter where we "choose" to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends. Maggie and I thought about this and Maggie asked me, Mama, when did Dee ever have any friends?"She had a few. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about on washday after school. Nervous girls who never laughed. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles inlye. She read to them.When she was courting Jimmy T she didn't have much time to pay to us, but turned all her faultfinding power on him. He flew to marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashy people. She hardly had time to recompose herself.When she comes I will meet -- but there they are!Maggie attempts to make a dash for the house, in her shuffling way, but I stay her with my hand. "Come back here," I say. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.It is hard to see them clearly through the strong sun. But even the first glimpse of leg out of the car tells me it is Dee. Her feet were always neat-looking, as it God himself had shaped them with a certain style. From the other side of the car comes a short, stocky man. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. I hear Maggie suck in her breath. "Uhnnnh," is what it sounds like. Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your toot on the road. "Uhnnnh."Dee next. A dress down to the ground, in this hot weather. A dress so loud it hurts my eyes. There are yel-lows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. Earrings gold, too, and hanging down to her shoulders. Bracelets dangling and making noises when she moves her arm up to shake the folds of the dress out of her armpits. The dress is loose and flows, and as she walks closer, I like it. I hear Maggie go "Uhnnnh" again. It is her sister's hair. It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep. It is black as night and around the edges are two long pigtails that rope about like small lizards disappearing behind her ears."Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!" she says, coming on in that gliding way the dress makes her move. The short stocky fellow with the hair to his navel is all grinning and he follows up with "Asalamalakim, my mother and sister!" He moves to hug Maggie but she falls back, right up against the back of my chair. I feel her trembling there and when I look up I see the perspiration falling off her chin."Don't get up," says Dee. Since I am stout it takes something of a push. You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it. She turns, showing white heels through her sandals, and goes back to the car. Out she peeks next with a Polaroid. She stoops down quickly and lines up picture after picture of me sitting there in front of the house with Maggie cowering behind me. She never takes a shot without making sure the house is included. When a cow comes nibbling around the edge of the yard she snaps it and me and Maggie and the house. Then she puts the Polaroid in the back seat of the car, and comes up and kisses me on the forehead.Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie's hand. Maggie's hand is as limp as a fish, and probably as cold, despite the sweat, and she keeps trying to pull it back. It looks like Asalamalakim wants to shake hands but wants to do it fancy. Or maybe he don't know how people shake hands. Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie."Well," I say. "Dee.""No, Mama," she says. "Not 'Dee', Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!""What happened to 'Dee'?" I wanted to know."She's dead," Wangero said. "I couldn't bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.""You know as well as me you was named after your aunt Dicle," I said. Dicie is my sister. She named Dee. We called her "Big Dee" after Dee was born."But who was she named after?" asked Wangero."I guess after Grandma Dee," I said."And who was she named after?" asked Wangero."Her mother," I said, and saw Wangero was getting tired. "That's about as far back as I can trace it," I said.Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches."Well," said Asalamalakim, "there you are.""Uhnnnh," I heard Maggie say."There I was not," I said, before 'Dicie' cropped up in our family, so why should I try to trace it that far back?"He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like somebody inspecting a Model A car. Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head."How do you pronounce this name?" I asked."You don't have to call me by it if you don't want to," said Wangero."Why shouldn't I?" I asked. "If that's what you want us to call you, we'll call you. ""I know it might sound awkward at first," said Wangero."I'll get used to it," I said. "Ream it out again."Well, soon we got the name out of the way. Asalamalakim had a name twice as long and three times as hard. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber. I wanted to ask him was he a barber, but I didn't really think he was, so I don't ask."You must belong to those beet-cattle peoples down the road," I said. They said "Asalamalakirn" when they met you too, but they didn't Shake hands. Always too busy feeding the cattle, fixing the fences, putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing down hay. When the white folks poisoned some of the herd the men stayed up all night with rifles in their hands. I walked a mile and a half just to see the sight.Hakim-a-barber said, "I accept some of their doctrines, but farming and raising cattle is not my style." (They didn't tell me, and I didn't ask, whether Wangero (Dee) had really gone and married him.)We sat down to eat and right away he said he didn't eat collards and pork was unclean. Wangero, though, went on through the chitlins and corn bread, the greens and every-thing else. She talked a blue streak over the sweet potatoes. Everything delighted her. Even the fact that we still used the benches her daddy made for the table when we couldn't afford to buy chairs."Oh, Mama!" she cried. Then turned to Hakim-a-barber. "I never knew how lovely these benches are. You can feel the rump prints," she said, running her handsunderneath her and along the bench. Then she gave a sigh and her hand closed over Grandma Dee's butter dish. "That's it!" she said. "I knew there was something I wanted to ask you if I could have." She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now. She looked at the churn and looked at it."This churn top is what I need," she said. "Didn't Uncle Buddy whittle it out of a tree you all used to have?""Yes," I said."Uh huh, " she said happily. "And I want the dasher,too.""Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?" asked the barber.Dee (Wangero) looked up at me."Aunt Dee's first husband whittled the dash," said Maggie so low you almost couldn't hear her. "His name was Henry, but they called him Stash.""Maggie's brain is like an elephants," Wanglero said, laughing. "I can use the churn top as a center piece for the alcove table,”she said, sliding a plate over the churn, "and I'll think of something artistic to do with the dasher."When she finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out. I took it for a moment in my hands. You didn't even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of small sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stash had lived.After dinner Dee (Wangero) went to the trunk at the foot of my bed and started rifling through it. Maggie hung back in the kitchen over the dishpan. Out came Wangero with two quilts. They had been pieced by Grandma Dee and then Big Dee and me had hung them on the quilt frames on the front porch and quilted them. One was in the Lone Star pattern. The other was Walk Around the Mountain. In both of them were scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bit sand pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's uniform that he wore in the Civil War."Mama," Wangero said sweet as a bird. "Can I have these old quilts?"I heard something fall in the kitchen, and a minute later the kitchen door slammed."Why don't you take one or two of the others?” 1 asked. "These old things was just done by me and Big Dee from some tops your grandma pieced before she died.""No," said Wangero. "I don't want those. They are stitched around the borders by machine.""That'll make them last better," I said."That's not the point," said Wanglero. "These are all pieces of dresses Grandma used to wear. She did all this stitching by hand. Imagine!" She held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them."Some of the pieces, like those lavender ones, come from old clothes her mother handed down to her,” I said, movi ng up to touch the quilts. Dee (Wangero)moved back just enough so that I couldn't reach the quilts. They already belonged to her. "Imagine!" she breathed again, clutching them closely to her bosom."The truth is," I said, "I promised to give them quilts to Maggie, for when she marries John Thomas."She gasped like a bee had stung her."Maggie can't appreciate these quilts!" she said. "She'd probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use.""I reckon she would," I said. "God knows I been sav age ’em for long enough with nobody using 'em. I hope she will! ” I didn't want to bring up how I had offered Dee (Wangero) a quilt when she went away to college. Then she had told me they were old-fashioned, out of style."But they're priceless!" she was saying now, furiously, for she has a temper. "Maggie would put them on the bed and in five years they'd be in rags. Less than that!" "She can always make some more,” I said. "Maggie knows how to quilt. "Dee (Wangero) looked at me with hatred. "You just will not understand. The point is these quilts, these quilts!""Well," I said,, stumped. "What would you do with them?""Hang them," she said. As it that was the only thing you could do with quilts.Maggie by now was standing in the door. I could almost hear the sound her feet made as they scraped over each other."She can have them, Mama,” she said like somebody used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her. "I can 'member Grandma Dee without the quilts."I looked at her hard. She had filled her bottom lip with checkerberry snuff and it gave her face a kind of dopey, hangdog look. It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt. She looked at her sister with something like fear but she wasn't mad at her. This was Maggie's portion. This was the way she knew God to work.When I looked at her like that something hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my feet. Just like when I'm in church and the spirit of God touches me and I get happy and shout. I did something I never had done before: hugged Maggie to me, then dragged her on into the room, snatched the quilts out of Miss Wangero's hands and dumped them into Maggie's lap. Maggie just sat there on my bed with her mouth open."Take one or two of the others," I said to Dee.But she turned without a word and went out to Hakim-a-barber."You just don't understand," she said, as Maggie and I came out to the car."What don't I under stand?" I wanted to know."Your heritage," she said. And then she turned to Maggie, kissed her, and said, "You ought to try to make some-thing of yourself, too, Maggie. It's really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live you'd never know it."She put on some sunglasses that hid everything above the tip of her nose and her chin.Maggie smiled; maybe at the sunglasses. But a real mile, not scared. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. And then the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was time to go in the house and go to bed.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTES1) Alice Walker: born 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, America and graduated from Sarah Lawrence College. Her books include The Third Life of Grange Copeland ( 1970 ), Meridian ( 1976 ), The Color Purple(1982), etc.2)"made it": to become a success, to succeed, either in specific endeavor or in general3) Johnny Carson: a man who runs a late night talk show4)hooked: injured by the horn of the cow being milked5) Jimmy T: 'T' is the initial of the surname of the boy Dee was courting.6)"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!": phonetic rendering of an African dialect salutation7) "Asalamalakim": phonetic rendering of a Muslim greeting8) Polaroid: a camera that produces instant pictures9) the Civil War: the war between the North and the South in the U. S.(1861-1865)10) branches: branches or divisions of a family descending from a common ancestor11) Ream it out again: "Ream" is perhaps an African dialect word meaning: "unfold, display". Hence the phrase may mean "repeat" or "say it once again"12) pork was unclean: Muslims are forbidden by their religion to eat pork because it is considered to be unclean.13) Chitlins: also chitlings or chitterlings, the small intestines of pigs, used for food,a common dish in Afro-American households14) rump prints: depressions in the benches made by constant sitting15) sink: depressions in the wood of the handle left by the thumbs and fingersBackground informationThe author wrote quite a number of novels, among them were The Color Purple which won the Pulitzer Prize of Fiction （普利策小说奖）and The American Book Award （美国图书奖）. In 1985, the Color Purple was made into a movie which won great fame .Everyday Use for your grandmama 课文讲解/Detailed StudyEveryday Use for Your Grandmama--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Detailed Study of the Text1. wavy: having regular curvesA wavy line has a series of regular curves along it.The wavy lines are meant to represent water.Here in the text the word describes the marks in wavy patterns on the clay ground left by the broom.*image - 1* (此处加一细曲线图)2. groove: a long narrow path or track made in a surface, esp. to guide the movement of sth.A groove is a wide, deep line cut into a surface.The cupboard door slides open along the groove it fits into.3. homely: simple, not grand, (of people, faces, etc.,) not good-looking, ugly If someone is homely, they are not very attractive to look at; uased in Am.E.4. awe: Awe is the feeling of respect and amazement that you have when you are faced with sth. wonderful, frightening or completely unknown., wonderThe child stared at him in silent awe.5. confront: to face boldly or threateningly, encounterIf a problem, task, or difficulty confronts you, or you are confronted with it, it iss sth. that you cannot avoid and must deal withI was confronted with the task of designing and building the new system.6. totter: to move in an unsteady way from side to side as if about to fall, to walk with weak unsteady stepsThe old lady tottered down the stairs.7. limousine: A limousine is a large and very comfortable car, esp. one with a glass screen between the front and back seats. Limousines are usually driven by a chauffeur [ou]cf:sedan / saloon is a car with seats for four or more people, a fixed roof, and a boot (the space at the back of the car, covered by a lid, in which you carry things such luggage, shopping or tools) that is separate from the seating part of the car convertible: a car with a soft roof that can be folded down or removedsports car: a low usu. open car with room for only 2 people for traveling with high power and speedcoupe [‘ku:pei] a car with a fixed roof, a sloping back, two doors and seats for four peoplestation wagon (Am E) / estate car (Br.E) a car which has a long body with a door at the back end and space behind the back seats8. gray / grey: used to describe the colour of people’s hair when it changes from its original colour, usu. as they get old and before it becomes white9. tacky: (Am.E, slang) shabby10. overalls: are a single piece of clothing that combines trousers and a jacket. Your wear overalls over your clothes in order to protect them from dirt, paint, etc. while you are workingThe breast pocket of his overalls was filled with tools. (工装裤)11. hog:a. a pig, esp. a fat one for eatingb. a male pig that has been castratedc. a dirty personswine: (old & tech) pigboar [o:]: male pig on a farm that is kept for breedingsow [au]: fully grown female pig12. sledge hammer: large, heavy hammer for swinging with both hands, a large heavy hammer with a long handle, used for smashing concrete13. barley: 大麦14. pancake: a thin, flat circle of cooked batter (糊状物) made of milk, flour and eggs. usu. rolled up or folded and eaten hot with a sweet or savory filling inside15. sidle: walk as if ready to turn or go the other wayIf you sidle somewhere, you walk there uncertainly or cautiously, as if you do not want anyone to notice youA man sidled up to me and asked if I wanted a ticket for the match..16. shuffle: slow dragging walkIf you shuffle, you walk without lifting your feet properly off the groundHe slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room.If you shuffle, you move your feet about while standing or move your bottom about while sitting, often because you feel uncomfortable or embarrassed.I was shuffling in my seat.cf:totter (n.6), sidle(n. 15), shuffle17. blaze: to burn with a bright flameA wood fire was blazing, but there was no other light in the room.n. the sudden sharp shooting up of a flame, a very bright fireThe fire burned slowly at first, but soon burst into a blaze.18. sweet gum tree: a large North American tree of the witch hazel (榛子) family, with alternate maplelike leaves, spiny (多刺的) fruit balls, and flagrant juice美洲金缕梅, 落叶灌木或小乔木. 原产于北美和亚洲. 其分叉小枝从前用为魔杖, 这寻找地下水, 故俗称魔杖.19. dingy: dirty and fadedA building or place that is dingy is rather dark and depressing and does not seem to have been well looked after,.This is the dingiest street of the town.Clothes, curtains, etc. that are dingy are dirty or faded.20. raise: to collect togetherraise an army / raise enough money for a holidayHis wife raised the money by selling her jewellery.We’re trying to raise funds to establish a scholarship.21. underneath: (so as to go) under (sth..)The letter was pushed underneath the door.Did you find very much growing underneath the snow?(Here it suggests a repressive and imposing quality in her voice.)22. make-believe: a state of pretending or the things which are pretended She lives in a make-believe world / a world of make-believe.Don’t be afraid of monster - the story’s only make-believe.The little girl made believe she was a princess.23. shove: to push, esp. in a rough or careless wayThere was a lot of pushing and shoving to get on the bus.Help me to shove this furniture aside.If you shove sb. or sth., you push them with a quick, rather, violent movement. He dragged her out to the door and shoved her into the street.24. dimwit: (infml) an ignorant and stupid persondim: faint, not brightwit: intelligence, wisdomat one’s wit’s end: at the end of one’s tether25. organdy: (Br. E organdie) very fine transparent muslin (麦斯林纱, 平纹细布) with a stiff finish (最后一层涂饰), very fine rather stiff cotton material used esp. for women’s dresses(蝉翼纱, 玻璃纱)。
高级英语(第三版)第一册第一课 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille
Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille
Objectives of Teaching Lesson 1
• To learn how the writer gives a vivid description of actions in terms of lexical, sentential and textual level;
4) Climax: para 27 when the Koshaks family survived
5) Conflict: man versus nature (hurricane as antagonist)
6) Point of view: third person
7) Atmosphere : tense and urgent
(para19) the storm…in its concentrated breadth of some 70 miles it shot out winds of nearly 200 m.p.h. and raised tides as high as 30 feet. Along the Gulf Coast, it devastated everything in its swath: 19,467 homes and 709 businesses were demolished or severely damaged. It seized 1 60,000 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 ½ miles away. It tore three large cargo ships from their moorings and beached them. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pipes cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.
高级英语第一册第四课课件
这是高级英语第一册第四课的课件，设计精美且易于理解。我们将介绍课程 的背景信息、词汇、阅读理解、语法与语言技能、写作技巧、口语与听力技 能、评估与评价，以及总结和课程的重要性。
课程简介
本课程将为您提供关于高级英语的背景信息，介绍第四课的概述，以使您对 本课程有全面的了解。
词汇
Hale Waihona Puke 语法课程讲解课程中的语法知识和技巧。
2
练习与活动
提供练习和活动，巩固语法知识。
3
语言运用
通过实际例子演示如何运用语法与语言技能。
写作技巧
1 写作指导
教授有效的写作技巧和策略。
2 练习与作业
提供练习和作业，提高写作能力。
3 写作反馈
给予学生反馈，帮助他们改进写作。
口语与听力技能
口语技能
• 提供口语表达技巧 • 进行口语练习 • 鼓励学生参与口语讨论
新单词
解释和使用新单词的定义，通过练习习得词汇。
扩展词汇
推荐扩展词汇表，帮助提高词汇量。
词汇练习
使用练习习得更多的词汇。
阅读理解
阅读材料
提供课程的阅读材料，以便进行 阅读理解活动。
问题与讨论
通过问题和讨论帮助学生理解课 文内容。
笔记
指导学生如何有效地记录笔记， 巩固阅读理解技能。
语法与语言技能
1
听力技能
• 提供听力材料 • 进行听力练习 • 讲解听力技巧
评估与评价
评估 阅读理解测试 口语评估 写作作业
学生表现 测试学生对课文的理解程度 评估学生的口语技巧和表达能力 评估学生的写作能力和表达准确性
总结
对本课进行总结，并提供对本课程的最后思考和重要性回顾，以使学生对课程有一个明确的概念。
高级英语第一册Unit4文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案
Unit 4 Everyday Use for Your GrandmamaEveryday Use for Your Grandmama 教学目的及重点难点Objectives of TeachingTo comprehend the whole storyTo lean and master the vocabulary and expressionsTo learn to paraphrase the difficult sentencesTo understand the structure of the textTo appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Important and Difficult pointsThe comprehension of the whole storyThe understanding of certain expressionsThe appreciation of the writing techniqueColloquial, slangy or black EnglishCultural difference between nationalities in the USIV. Character AnalysisDee:She has held life always in the palm of one hand."No" is a word the world never learned to say to her.She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature.She was determined to share down any disaster in her efforts.I. Rhetorical devices:Parallelism:chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffleMetaphor:She washed us in a river of...burned us... Pressed us ...to shove us away stare down any disaster in her efforts...Everyday Use for your grandmama -- by Alice WalkerEveryday Use for your grandmamaAlice WalkerI will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yester day afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that nevercome inside the house.Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her.You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?) On TV mother and child embrace and smile into each other's face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs.Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty manlike Johnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tear s in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers.In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill be-fore nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pan-cake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Car –son has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.But that is a mistake. I know even before I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one toot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature."How do I look, Mama?" Maggie says, showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse for me to know she's there, almost hidden by the door."Come out into the yard," I say.Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? That is the way my Maggie walks. She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ever since the fire that burned the other house to theground.Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure. She's a woman now, though sometimes I forget. How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve years? Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggie's arms sticking to me, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black paperyflakes. Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflect-ed in them. And Dee. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of; a look at concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house tall in toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why don't you do a dance around the ashes? I'd wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much.I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to school. She used to read to us without pity, forcing words, lies, other folks' habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn't necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, we seemed about to understand.Dee wanted nice things. A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation from high school; black pumps to match a green suit she'd made from an old suit somebody gave me. She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts. Her eyelids would not flicker for minutes at a time. Often I fought off the temptation to shake her. At sixteen she had a style of her own' and knew what style was.I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down. Don't ask me why. in 1927 colored asked fewer questions than they do now. Sometimes Maggie reads to me. She stumbles along good-naturedly but can't see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. She will marry John Thomas (who has mossy teeth in an earnest face) and then I'll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs to myself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a man's job. 1 used to love to milk till I was hooked in the side in '49. Cows are soothing and slow and don't bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.I have deliberately turned my back on the house. It is three rooms, just like the one that burned, except the roof is tin: they don't make shingle roofs any more. There are no real windows, just some holes cut in the sides, like the portholes in a ship, but not round and not square, with rawhide holding the shutter s up on the outside. This house is in a pasture, too, like the other one. No doubt when Dee sees it she will want to tear it down. She wrote me once that no matter where we "choose" to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends. Maggie and I thought about this and Maggie asked me, Mama, when did Dee ever have any friends?"She had a few. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about on washday after school. Nervous girls who never laughed. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles inlye. She read to them.When she was courting Jimmy T she didn't have much time to pay to us, but turned all her faultfinding power on him. He flew to marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashy people. She hardly had time to recompose herself.When she comes I will meet -- but there they are!Maggie attempts to make a dash for the house, in her shuffling way, but I stay her with my hand. "Come back here," I say. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.It is hard to see them clearly through the strong sun. But even the first glimpse of leg out of the car tells me it is Dee. Her feet were always neat-looking, as it God himself had shaped them with a certain style. From the other side of the car comes a short, stocky man. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. I hear Maggie suck in her breath. "Uhnnnh," is what it sounds like. Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your toot on the road. "Uhnnnh."Dee next. A dress down to the ground, in this hot weather. A dress so loud it hurts my eyes. There are yel-lows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. Earrings gold, too, and hanging down to her shoulders. Bracelets dangling and making noises when she moves her arm up to shake the folds of the dress out of her armpits. The dress is loose and flows, and as she walks closer, I like it. I hear Maggie go "Uhnnnh" again. It is her sister's hair. It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep. It is black as night and around the edges are two long pigtails that rope about like small lizards disappearing behind her ears."Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!" she says, coming on in that gliding way the dress makes her move. The short stocky fellow with the hair to his navel is all grinning and he follows up with "Asalamalakim, my mother and sister!" He moves to hug Maggie but she falls back, right up against the back of my chair. I feel her trembling there and when I look up I see the perspiration falling off her chin."Don't get up," says Dee. Since I am stout it takes something of a push. You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it. She turns, showing white heels through her sandals, and goes back to the car. Out she peeks next with a Polaroid. She stoops down quickly and lines up picture after picture of me sitting there in front of the house with Maggie cowering behind me. She never takes a shot without making sure the house is included. When a cow comes nibbling around the edge of the yard she snaps it and me and Maggie and the house. Then she puts the Polaroid in the back seat of the car, and comes up and kisses me on the forehead.Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie's hand.Maggie's hand is as limp as a fish, and probably as cold, despite the sweat, and she keeps trying to pull it back. It looks like Asalamalakim wants to shake hands but wants to do it fancy. Or maybe he don't know how people shake hands. Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie."Well," I say. "Dee.""No, Mama," she says. "Not 'Dee', Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!""What happened to 'Dee'?" I wanted to know."She's dead," Wangero said. "I couldn't bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.""You know as well as me you was named after your aunt Dicle," I said. Dicie ismy sister. She named Dee. We called her "Big Dee" after Dee was born."But who was she named after?" asked Wangero."I guess after Grandma Dee," I said."And who was she named after?" asked Wangero."Her mother," I said, and saw Wangero was getting tired. "That's about as far back as I can trace it," I said.Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches."Well," said Asalamalakim, "there you are.""Uhnnnh," I heard Maggie say."There I was not," I said, before 'Dicie' cropped up in our family, so why shouldI try to trace it that far back?"He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like somebody inspecting a Model A car. Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head."How do you pronounce this name?" I asked."You don't have to call me by it if you don't want to," said Wangero."Why shouldn't I?" I asked. "If that's what you want us to call you, we'll call you. ""I know it might sound awkward at first," said Wangero."I'll get used to it," I said. "Ream it out again."Well, soon we got the name out of the way. Asalamalakim had a name twice as long and three times as hard. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me tojust call him Hakim-a-barber. I wanted to ask him was he a barber, but I didn't really think he was, so I don't ask."You must belong to those beet-cattle peoples down the road," I said. They said "Asalamalakirn" when they met you too, but they didn't Shake hands. Always too busy feeding the cattle, fixing the fences, putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing down hay. When the white folks poisoned some of the herd the men stayed up all night with rifles in their hands. I walked a mile and a half just to see the sight.Hakim-a-barber said, "I accept some of their doctrines, but farming and raising cattle is not my style." (They didn't tell me, and I didn't ask, whether Wangero (Dee) had really gone and married him.)We sat down to eat and right away he said he didn't eat collards and pork was unclean. Wangero, though, went on through the chitlins and corn bread, the greens and every-thing else. She talked a blue streak over the sweet potatoes. Everything delighted her. Even the fact that we still used the benches her daddy made for the table when we couldn't afford to buy chairs."Oh, Mama!" she cried. Then turned to Hakim-a-barber. "I never knew how lovely these benches are. You can feel the rump prints," she said, running her handsunderneath her and along the bench. Then she gave a sigh and her hand closed over Grandma Dee's butter dish. "That's it!" she said. "I knew there was something I wanted to ask you if I could have." She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now. She looked at the churn and looked at it."This churn top is what I need," she said. "Didn't Uncle Buddy whittle it out of a tree you all used to have?""Yes," I said."Uh huh, " she said happily. "And I want the dasher,too.""Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?" asked the barber.Dee (Wangero) looked up at me."Aunt Dee's first husband whittled the dash," said Maggie so low you almost couldn't hear her. "His name was Henry, but they called him Stash.""Maggie's brain is like an elephants," Wanglero said, laughing. "I can use the churn top as a center piece for the alcove table,”she said, sliding a plate over the churn, "and I'll think of something artistic to do with the dasher."When she finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out. I took it for a moment in my hands. You didn't even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of small sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stash had lived.After dinner Dee (Wangero) went to the trunk at the foot of my bed and started rifling through it. Maggie hung back in the kitchen over the dishpan. Out came Wangero with two quilts. They had been pieced by Grandma Dee and then Big Dee and me had hung them on the quilt frames on the front porch and quilted them. One was in the Lone Star pattern. The other was Walk Around the Mountain. In both of them were scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bit sand pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's uniform that he wore in the Civil War."Mama," Wangero said sweet as a bird. "Can I have these old quilts?"I heard something fall in the kitchen, and a minute later the kitchen door slammed."Why don't you take one or two of the others?” 1 asked. "These old things was just done by me and Big Dee from some tops your grandma pieced before she died.""No," said Wangero. "I don't want those. They are stitched around the borders by machine.""That'll make them last better," I said."That's not the point," said Wanglero. "These are all pieces of dresses Grandma used to wear. She did all this stitching by hand. Imagine!" She held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them."Some of the pieces, like those lavender ones, come from old clothes her mother handed down to her,” I said, movi ng up to touch the quilts. Dee (Wangero)moved back just enough so that I couldn't reach the quilts. They already belonged to her. "Imagine!" she breathed again, clutching them closely to her bosom."The truth is," I said, "I promised to give them quilts to Maggie, for when she marries John Thomas."She gasped like a bee had stung her."Maggie can't appreciate these quilts!" she said. "She'd probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use."age ’em for long enough "I reckon she would," I said. "God knows I been savwith nobody using 'em. I hope she will! ” I didn't want to bring up how I had offered Dee (Wangero) a quilt when she went away to college. Then she had told me they were old-fashioned, out of style."But they're priceless!" she was saying now, furiously, for she has a temper. "Maggie would put them on the bed and in five years they'd be in rags. Less than that!" "She can always make some more,” I said. "Maggie knows how to quilt. "Dee (Wangero) looked at me with hatred. "You just will not understand. The point is these quilts, these quilts!""Well," I said,, stumped. "What would you do with them?""Hang them," she said. As it that was the only thing you could do with quilts.Maggie by now was standing in the door. I could almost hear the sound her feet made as they scraped over each other."She can have them, Mama,” she said like somebody used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her. "I can 'member Grandma Dee without the quilts."I looked at her hard. She had filled her bottom lip with checkerberry snuff and it gave her face a kind of dopey, hangdog look. It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt. She looked at her sister with something like fear but she wasn't mad at her. This was Maggie's portion. This was the way she knew God to work.When I looked at her like that something hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my feet. Just like when I'm in church and the spirit of God touches me and I get happy and shout. I did something I never had done before: hugged Maggie to me, then dragged her on into the room, snatched the quilts out of Miss Wangero's hands and dumped them into Maggie's lap. Maggie just sat there on my bed with her mouth open."Take one or two of the others," I said to Dee.But she turned without a word and went out to Hakim-a-barber."You just don't understand," she said, as Maggie and I came out to the car."What don't I under stand?" I wanted to know."Your heritage," she said. And then she turned to Maggie, kissed her, and said, "You ought to try to make some-thing of yourself, too, Maggie. It's really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live you'd never know it."She put on some sunglasses that hid everything above the tip of her nose and her chin.Maggie smiled; maybe at the sunglasses. But a real mile, not scared. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. And then the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was time to go in the house and go to bed.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTES1) Alice Walker: born 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, America and graduated from Sarah Lawrence College. Her books include The Third Life of Grange Copeland( 1970 ), Meridian ( 1976 ), The Color Purple(1982), etc.2)"made it": to become a success, to succeed, either in specific endeavor or in general3) Johnny Carson: a man who runs a late night talk show4)hooked: injured by the horn of the cow being milked5) Jimmy T: 'T' is the initial of the surname of the boy Dee was courting.6)"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!": phonetic rendering of an African dialect salutation7) "Asalamalakim": phonetic rendering of a Muslim greeting8) Polaroid: a camera that produces instant pictures9) the Civil War: the war between the North and the South in the U. S.(1861-1865)10) branches: branches or divisions of a family descending from a common ancestor11) Ream it out again: "Ream" is perhaps an African dialect word meaning: "unfold, display". Hence the phrase may mean "repeat" or "say it once again"12) pork was unclean: Muslims are forbidden by their religion to eat pork because it is considered to be unclean.13) Chitlins: also chitlings or chitterlings, the small intestines of pigs, used for food,a common dish in Afro-American households14) rump prints: depressions in the benches made by constant sitting15) sink: depressions in the wood of the handle left by the thumbs and fingersBackground informationThe author wrote quite a number of novels, among them were The Color Purple（普利策小说奖）and The American Book Award which won the Pulitzer Prize of Fiction（美国图书奖）. In 1985, the Color Purple was made into a movie which won great fame .Everyday Use for your grandmama 课文讲解/Detailed StudyEveryday Use for Your Grandmama--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Detailed Study of the Text1. wavy: having regular curvesA wavy line has a series of regular curves along it.The wavy lines are meant to represent water.Here in the text the word describes the marks in wavy patterns on the clay ground left by the broom.此处加一细曲线图)*image - 1* (此处加一细曲线图2. groove: a long narrow path or track made in a surface, esp. to guide the movement of sth.A groove is a wide, deep line cut into a surface.The cupboard door slides open along the groove it fits into.3. homely: simple, not grand, (of people, faces, etc.,) not good-looking, uglyIf someone is homely, they are not very attractive to look at; uased in Am.E.4. awe: Awe is the feeling of respect and amazement that you have when you are faced with sth. wonderful, frightening or completely unknown., wonderThe child stared at him in silent awe.5. confront: to face boldly or threateningly, encounterIf a problem, task, or difficulty confronts you, or you are confronted with it, it iss sth. that you cannot avoid and must deal withI was confronted with the task of designing and building the new system.6. totter: to move in an unsteady way from side to side as if about to fall, to walk with weak unsteady stepsThe old lady tottered down the stairs.7. limousine: A limousine is a large and very comfortable car, esp. one with a glass screen between the front and back seats. Limousines are usually driven by a chauffeur [ou]cf:sedan / saloon is a car with seats for four or more people, a fixed roof, and a boot (the space at the back of the car, covered by a lid, in which you carry things such luggage, shopping or tools) that is separate from the seating part of the car convertible: a car with a soft roof that can be folded down or removedsports car: a low usu. open car with room for only 2 people for traveling with high power and speedcoupe [‘ku:pei] a car with a fixed roof, a sloping back, two doors and seats for four peoplestation wagon (Am E) / estate car (Br.E) a car which has a long body with a door at the back end and space behind the back seats8. gray / grey: used to describe the colour of people’s hair when it changes from its original colour, usu. as they get old and before it becomes white9. tacky: (Am.E, slang) shabby10. overalls: are a single piece of clothing that combines trousers and a jacket. Your wear overalls over your clothes in order to protect them from dirt, paint, etc. while you are working工装裤)The breast pocket of his overalls was filled with tools. (11. hog:a. a pig, esp. a fat one for eatingb. a male pig that has been castratedc. a dirty personswine: (old & tech) pigboar [o:]: male pig on a farm that is kept for breedingsow [au]: fully grown female pig12. sledge hammer: large, heavy hammer for swinging with both hands, a large heavy hammer with a long handle, used for smashing concrete大麦13. barley: 大麦糊状物) made of milk, flour and14. pancake: a thin, flat circle of cooked batter (eggs. usu. rolled up or folded and eaten hot with a sweet or savory filling inside15. sidle: walk as if ready to turn or go the other wayIf you sidle somewhere, you walk there uncertainly or cautiously, as if you do not want anyone to notice youA man sidled up to me and asked if I wanted a ticket for the match..16. shuffle: slow dragging walkIf you shuffle, you walk without lifting your feet properly off the groundHe slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room.If you shuffle, you move your feet about while standing or move your bottom about while sitting, often because you feel uncomfortable or embarrassed.I was shuffling in my seat.cf:totter (n.6), sidle(n. 15), shuffle17. blaze: to burn with a bright flameA wood fire was blazing, but there was no other light in the room.n. the sudden sharp shooting up of a flame, a very bright fireThe fire burned slowly at first, but soon burst into a blaze.榛子) family,18. sweet gum tree: a large North American tree of the witch hazel (with alternate maplelike leaves, spiny (多刺的) fruit balls, and flagrant juice美洲金缕梅, 落叶灌木或小乔木. 原产于北美和亚洲. 其分叉小枝从前用为魔杖, 这寻找地下水,故俗称魔杖.19. dingy: dirty and fadedA building or place that is dingy is rather dark and depressing and does not seem to have been well looked after,.This is the dingiest street of the town.Clothes, curtains, etc. that are dingy are dirty or faded.20. raise: to collect togetherraise an army / raise enough money for a holidayHis wife raised the money by selling her jewellery.We’re trying to raise funds to establish a scholarship.21. underneath: (so as to go) under (sth..)The letter was pushed underneath the door.Did you find very much growing underneath the snow?(Here it suggests a repressive and imposing quality in her voice.)22. make-believe: a state of pretending or the things which are pretendedShe lives in a make-believe world / a world of make-believe.the story’s only make-believe.Don’t be afraid of monster - - theThe little girl made believe she was a princess.23. shove: to push, esp. in a rough or careless wayThere was a lot of pushing and shoving to get on the bus.Help me to shove this furniture aside.If you shove sb. or sth., you push them with a quick, rather, violent movement. He dragged her out to the door and shoved her into the street.24. dimwit: (infml) an ignorant and stupid persondim: faint, not brightwit: intelligence, wisdomat one’s wit’s end: at the end of one’s tether麦斯林纱, 平纹细布)25. organdy: (Br. E organdie) very fine transparent muslin (with a stiff finish (最后一层涂饰), very fine rather stiff cotton material used esp. for women’s dresses(蝉翼纱, 玻璃纱)。
高级英语第一册详细讲解
⾼级英语第⼀册详细讲解Lesson one The Middle Eastern Bazaar⼀． Background information⼆．Brief overview and writing styleThis text is a piece of description. In this article, the author describes a vivid and live scene of noisy hilarity of the Middle Eastern Bazaar to readers. At first, he describes the general atmosphere of the bazaar. The entrance of the bazaar is aged and noisy. However, as one goes through the bazaar, the noise the entrance fades away. One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods gather in the same area. Then the author introduces some strategies for bargaining with the seller in the bazaar which are quite useful. After that he describes some impressive specific market of the bazaar particularly including the copper-smiths market, the carpet-market, the spice-market, the food-market, the dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenter’s market which honeycomb the bazaar. The typical animal in desert----camels----can also attract attention by their disdainful expressions. To the author the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar is the place where people make linseed oil. Hence he describes this complicated course with great details.The author’s vivid and splendid description takes readers back to hundreds of thousands of years age to the aged middle eastern bazaar, which gives the article an obvious diachronic and spatial sense. The appeal to readers’ visual and hearing sense throughout the description is also a marked feature of this piece of writing. In short, being a Westerner, the author views the oriental culture and civilization as old and backward but interesting and fantastic. Through careful observation and detailed comparison, the author depicts some new and original peculiarities of the Middle Eastern bazaar which are unique and distinguished.三．Detailed study of the textParagraph 1 the general atmosphere of the bazaar1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back…of years:1) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, includingthe Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.2) A bazaar is an oriental market-place where a variety of goods is sold. The wordperhaps comes from the Persian word bazar.（中东和印度等的）集市，市场was ancient, the bricks and stones were aged and the economy was a handicraft economy which no longer existed in the West.2. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered…:1) is entered..: The present tense used here is called “historical present(历史现在时)”. It is used for vividness.2) Gothic: of a style of building in Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries,with pointed arches , arched roofs, tall thin pillars, and stained glass windows.3) aged: having existed long; very old3. You pass from the heat and glare of a big open square into a cool, dark cavern…: 1) Here “the heat” is contrasted with “cool”, “glare” with “dark”, and“open square” with “cavern”.2) glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light, not so agreeable and welcome as “brightsunlight”.强光，耀眼的光3) “cavern” here does not really mean a cave or an underground chamber. Fromthe text we can see it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over them.⼤洞⽳（尤指⼤⽽⿊的）and the brightness of the sunlight is most disagreeable. But when you enter the gateway, you come to a long, narrow, dark street with some sort of a roof over it and it is cool inside.4. which extends as far as the eye can see:The word eye and ear are used in the singular not to mean the concrete organ of sight or hearing but something abstract; they are often used figuratively. Here the eye means man’s power of seeing or eyesight. .1)She has an eye for beauty.2)The boy has a sharp eye.3)To turn a blind eye / a deaf ear to sth or sb.4)His words are unpleasant to the ear.5. losing itself in the shadowy distance…: shadowy suggests shifting illumination and distinct. . A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods.（⼀条蜿蜒的⼩路隐没在树荫深处。
高级英语第一册Unit 1 (文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案)
《高级英语》Advanced English第一册Unit 1The Middle Eastern BazaarTHE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR 教学目的及重点难点Aims of teaching1. To comprehend the whole text2. To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions3. To understand the structure of the text4. To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Important and difficult points1. What is description?2. The comprehension and appreciation of the words describing sound, colour, light, heat, size and smell.3. The appreciation of the words and expressions used for stress and exaggeration.4. Some useful expressions such as to make a point of, it is a point of honour…, and etcBackground informationThis text is taken from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces (1962), which was intended for students preparing for the Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency Examination, & for students in the top class of secondary schools or in the first year of a university course.The Middle Eastern BazaarThe Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds --- even thousands --- of years. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic - arched gateway of aged brick and stone. You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, darkcavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leavingthe bazaar. The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. The din of the stall-holder; crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, deadens the sound of footsteps, and the vaulted mud-brick walls and roof have hardly any sounds to echo. The shop-keepers speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers, overwhelmed by the sepulchral atmosphere, follow suit .One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods do not scatter themselves over the bazaar, in order to avoid competition, but collect in the same area, so that purchasers can know where to find them, and so that they can form a closely knit guild against injustice or persecution . In the cloth-market, for instance, all the sellers of material for clothes, curtains, chair covers and so on line the roadway on both sides, each open-fronted shop having a trestle trestle table for display and shelves for storage. Bargaining is the order of the cay, and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop, selecting, pricing and doing a little preliminary bargaining before they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.It is a point of honour with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes and wants until the last moment. If he does guess correctly, he will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining. The seller, on the other hand, makes a point of protesting that the price he is charging is depriving him of all profit, and that he is sacrificing this because of his personal regard for the customer. Bargaining can go on the whole day, or even several days, with the customer coming and going at intervals .One of the most picturesque and impressive parts of the bazaar is the copper-smiths' market. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers . In each shop sit the apprentices –boys and youths, some of them incredibly young – hammering away at copper vessels of all shapes and sizes, while the shop-owner instructs, and sometimes takes a hand with a hammer himself. In the background, a tiny apprentice blows a bi-, charcoal fir e with a hugeleather bellows worked by a string attached to his big toe -- the red of the live coals glowing, bright and then dimming rhythmically to the strokes of the bellows.Here you can findbeautiful pots and bowlsengrave with delicate andintricate traditionaldesigns, or the simple,everyday kitchenwareused in this country,pleasing in form, butundecorated and strictlyfunctional. Elsewherethere is the carpet-market,with its profusion of richcolours, varied textures and regional designs -- some bold and simple, others unbelievably detailed and yet harmonious. Then there is the spice-market, with its pungent and exotic smells; and thefood-market, where you can buy everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner, or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and apprentices and eat your humble bread and cheese. The dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenters' market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai , where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while the great bales of merchandise they have carried hundreds of miles across the desert lie beside them.Perhaps the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar, apart from its general atmosphere, is the place where they make linseed oil. It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square, and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible. In this cavern are three massive stone wheels, each with a huge pole through its centre as an axle. The pole is attached at the one end to an upright post, around which it can revolve, and at the other to a blind-folded camel, which walks constantly in a circle, providing the motive power to turn the stone wheel. This revolves in a circular stone channel, into which an attendant feeds linseed. The stone wheel crushes it to a pulp, which is then pressed to extract the oil .The camels are the largest and finest I have ever seen, and in superb condition –muscular, massive and stately.The pressing of the linseed pulp to extract the oil is done by a vast ramshackle apparatus of beams and ropes and pulleys which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. The machine is operated by one man, who shovels the linseed pulp into a stone vat, climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes, and then throws his weight on to a great beam made out of a tree trunk to set the ropes and pulleys in motion. Ancient girders girders creak and groan , ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels.(from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation pieces, 1962 )NOTES1) This piece is taken from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces, compiled for overseas students by L. A. Hill and D.J. May, published by Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, 1962.2) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.3) Gothic: a style of architecture originated in N. France in 11th century, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, steep, high roofs, etc.4) veiled women: Some Moslems use the veil---more appropriately, the purdah --- to seclude or hide their women from the eyes of strangers.5) caravanserai (caravansary): in the Middle East, a kind of inn with a large central court, where bands of merchants or pilgrims, together with their camels or horses, stay for shelter and refreshmentTHE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR 文章结构THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAARStructural and stylistic analysis&Writing TechniqueSection I: ( paras. 1, 2) General atmosphereTopic Sentence: The Middle Eastern...takes you ...years.ancientness, backwardness, primitivenessharmonious, liveliness, self-sufficient, simple, not sophisticated, active, vigorous, healthySection II (One of the peculiarities) the cloth marketSection III (One of the most picturesque) the coppersmith market and etc.Section IV (Perhaps the most unforgettable) the mill where linseed oil is madeTYPE of Writing: Description: A description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.a description essay is generally developed through sensory details, or the impressions of one’s senses --- sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. The writer generally chooses those that help to bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described.1. From Macro to Micro2. words appealing to senses: light & heat, sound & movement, and smell & colour.3 nouns, adjectives and even adverbs used as verbs: thread, round, narrow, price, live, tower and dwarf.4. words imitating sounds: onomatopoeia.5. stressful and impressive sentence structures:the one I am thinking of particularly…one of the peculiarities …one of the most picturesque and impressive parts …the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar,…The Middle Eastern Bazaar 课文讲解THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAARDetailed Study of the Text1. Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa,including the Near East and Iran and Afghanistan.Near Ease: the Arabian Peninsula ( Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, and Kuwait), Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.1. Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa, including the Near East and Iran and Afghanistan.Near Ease: the Arabian Peninsula ( Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, and Kuwait), Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.Far East: China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and East Siberia2. particular: special, single and different from others. When sth. is particular, we mean it is the single or an example of the whole under consideration. the term is clearly opposed to general and that it is a close synonym of "single".Particular is also often used in the sense of special.I have sth. very particular (special) to say to Mr. Clinton.She always took particular (special) notice of me.On this particular (single) day we had to be at school early.I don't like this particular (single) hat, but the others are quite nice.3. Gothic-arched: a type of architecture (see. ALD, church picture)Goth: one of the German tribesArch: a curved top sometimes with a central point resting on 2 supports as above a door.aged: a. [d d]My son is aged 10.When he was aged 6, he went to school.a middle aged coupleb. [d id] ancientHe is aged; her aged grandfathermedicare for the sick & aged4. glare: shining intensely, harshly, uncomfortably, and too strong; in a way unpleasant to the eyes5. cavern: a large deep cave (hollow place in the side of a cliff or hill, or underground), closed roofed place. Here in the text we can see that it is a long, narrow, dark street or workshops and stores with some sort of roof over them.6. losing itself in the shadowy distance: in the farthest distance everything becomes obscure, unclear, or only dimly visible in the dark surroundings.lose: come to be withoutshadow: greater darkness where direct light, esp. sunlight, is blocked by sth.; a dark shapeshadowy: hard to see or know about clearly, not distinct, dimHere shadowy suggests the changing of having and not having light, the shifting of lightness and darkness. There may be some spots of brightness in the dark.7. harmonious:harmony: musical notes combined together in a pleasant sounding waytinkle: to make light metallic soundcf:jingle: light tinkling soundThe rain tinkled on the metal roof.She laughed heartily, a sound as cool as ice tinkling in the glass. to tinkle coins together8. throng: large crowd of people or things, a crowd of people busy doing sth. searching up and down, engaging in some kind of activitycf: crowd: general term, large number of people together, but without order or organization.Crowd basically implies a close gathering and pressing together. The boulevard was crammed with gay, laughing crowds.Throng varies so little in meaning from crowd that the two words are often used interchangeably without loss. Throng sometimes carries the stronger implication of movement and of pushing and the weaker implication of density.Throngs circulating through the streets.The pre-Xmas sale attracted a throng of shoppers.9. thread: make one's way carefully, implies zigzag, roundaboutsThe river threads between the mountains.10. roadway:a. central part used by wheeled traffic, the middle part of a road where vehicles driveb. a strip of land over which a road passes11. narrow:In the bright sunlight she had to narrow her eyes.The river narrows at this point.They narrowed the search for the missing boy down to five streets near the school.She looked far into the shadowy distance, her eyes narrowed, a hand on the eyebrows to prevent the glare.The aircraft carrier was too big to pass through the narrows (narrow passage between two large stretches of water).12. stall: BrE. a table or small open-fronted shop in a public place, sth. not permanent, often can be put together and taken away, on which wares are set up for sale.13. din: specific word of noise, loud, confused, continuous noise, low roar which can not be distinguished exactly until you get close, often suggests unpleasant. disordered mixture of confusing and disturbing sounds, stress prolonged, deafening, ear-splitting metallic soundsThe children were making so much din that I could not make myself heard.They kicked up such a din at the party.The din stopped when the curtain was raised.the din of the cheerful crowd14. wares (always-pl.) articles offered for sale, usu. not in a shop. The word gives the impression of traditional commodity, items, goods, more likely to be sold in free-markets.to advertise / hawk / peddle one's waresGoods: articles for sale, possessions that can be moved or carried by train, road; not house, land,There is a variety of goods in the shops.goods train / freight train, canned goods, half-finished goods, clearance goods, textile goods, high-quality goodsware: (lit.) articles for sale, usu. not in a shopThe silversmith showed us his wares.The baker travelled round the town selling his wares. kitchenware, tableware, hardware, softwareearthenware, tinware, ironware, silverwarecommodity: an article of trade or commerce, esp. a farm or mineral productWheat is a valuable commodity.Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad.a commodity fairmerchandise: (U.) things for sale, a general term for all the specific goods or wares.The store has the best merchandise in town.We call these goods merchandise.15. would-be: likely, possible, which one wishes to be but is nota would-be musician / football player16. purchase (fml. or tech.) to buyYou buy some eggs, but purchase a house.17. bargain: to talk about the condition of a sale, agreement, or contract18. dizzy: feeling as if everything were turning round , mentally confusedIf you suffer from anaemia, you often feel dizzy.Every night, when my head touches the pillows, I felt a wave ofdizziness.The two-day journey on the bus makes me dizzy.19. penetrate: to enter, pass, cut, or force a way into or through. The word suggests force, a compelling power to make entrance and also resistance in the medium.The bullet can penetrate a wall.The scud missile can penetrate a concrete works of 1 metre thick. Rainwater has penetrated through the roof of my house.20. fade: to lose strength, colour, freshness, etc.fade away: go slowly out of hearing, gradually disappearingThe farther you push / force your way into the bazaar, the lower and softer the noise becomes until finally it disappears. Then you arrive at the cloth market where the sound is hardly audible. Colour cloth often fades when it is washed.The light faded as the sun went down.The sound of the footsteps faded away.The noise of the airplane faded away.21. mute:adj.a. silent, without speechThe boy has been mute since birth.b. not pronounced:The word "debt" contains a mute letter.noun:a. a person who cannot speakThe boy was born a deaf mute.( has healthy speech organs but never has heard speech sounds, can be trained to speak){cf: He is deaf and dumb (unable to speak).}b. an object that makes a musical instrument give softer sound when placed against the strings or in the stream of airverb: to reduce the sound of, to make a sound softer than usualto mute a musical instrumentHere in the text the word "muted" is used to suggest the compelling circumstances, forcing you to lower your sound.22. beaten: (of a path, track, etc.) that is given shape by the feet of those who pass along it, suggesting ancientness, timelessness. The path becomes flat due to the treading of countless people through thousands of years.We followed a well-beaten path through the forest.23. deaden: to cause to lose strength, force, feeling, and brightnessto deaden the painTwo of these pills will deaden the ache.24. measured: steady, careful, slow, suggesting lack ofspeed, paying attention to what to say25. overwhelm: overcome, control completely and usu. suddenlyThe enemy were overwhelmed by superior forces.Sorrow overwhelmed the family.She was overwhelmed with griefThey won an overwhelming victory / majority.26. sepulchral: related to grave, gloomy, dismalsepulchre / er : old and bibl. use, a burial place; a tomb, esp. one cut in rock or built of stone27. follow suit: to do the same as one else has, to play / to deal the cards of the same suits (in poker, there two red suits, and two black suits. They are hearts, diamonds, spades, clubs, jokers, aces, kings, queens and jacks (knaves).When the others went swimming, I followed suit.He went to bed and I followed suit after a few minutes.28. peculiarity: a distinguishing characteristic, special feature, suggesting difference from normal or usual, strangeness. One of his peculiarities is that his two eyes are not the same colour.The large fantail is a peculiarity of the peacock.The peculiarity of her behaviour puzzled everyone.29. deal in: sell and buy, trade inThis merchant deals in silk goods.Most foreign trading companies in West Africa deal in rubber, cocoa and vegetable oils.30. scatter: to cause (a group) to separate widely, to spread widely in all directions as if by throwingThe frightened people scattered about in all directions.One of the special features / characteristics of the M.E. bazaar is that shopkeepers in the same trade always gather together in the same place to do their business.31. knit: to make things to wear by uniting threads into a kind of close network. Here, to unite or join closely32. guild / gild: an association for businessmen or skilled workers who joined together in former times to help one another and to make rules for training new members33. persecution: cruel treatmentpersecute: to treat cruelly, cause to suffer, esp. for religious or political beliefsThe first immigrants came to American mainly because they wanted to avoid religious persecution / after being persecuted for their religious beliefs.be persecuted by sb. for sth.bloody / terrible /relentless persecutionsuffer from / be subjected to political / religious persecution34. line: form rows along35. trestle: wooden beam fixed at each end to a pair of spreading legs, used, usu. in pairs, as a removable support of a table or other flat surface.36. order of the day: the characteristic or dominant feather or activity, the prevailing state of thingsIf sth. is the order of the day, it is very common among a particular group of peopleConfusion became the order of the day in the Iraqi headquarters due to the electronic interference from the Allied forces. Learning from Lei Feng and Jiao Yulu has become the order of the day recently.Jeans and mini-skirts are no longer the order of the day now. During that period, the Gulf War became the order of the day.37. veil: covering of fine net or other material to protect or hidea woman's face38. leisure: time free from work, having plenty of free time, not in a hurry to do sth.39. pace: rate or speed in walking, marching, running or developing40. preliminary: coming before sth. introducing or preparing for sth. more important, preparatoryThere were several preliminary meetings before the general assembly.A physical examination is a preliminary to joining the army.41. beat down: to reduce by argument or other influence, to persuade sb. to reduce a priceThe man asked $5 for the dress, but I beat him down to $4.50.42. a point of honour: sth. considered important for one's self-respectIt's a point of honour with me to keep my promise = I made it a point of honour to keep my promise.In our country, it is a point of honour with a boy to pay the bill when he is dining with a girl / when he dines a girl; but on the other hand, a western girl would regard it a point of honour (with her) to pay the bill herself.43. make a point of / make it a point to: do sth because one considers it important or necessary, to take particular care of, make extraordinary efforts in, regard or treat as necessaryI always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out.I always made a point of being on time.I always make a point of remembering my wife's birthday.He made a point of thanking his hostess before he left the party. The rush-hour commute to my job is often nerve-racking, so I make it a point to be a careful and considerate motorist.Some American people make it a point of conscience to have no social distinctions between whites and blacks.44. what it is: used to stressWhat is it she really likes?What is it you do?What is it you really want?45. protest: to express one's disagreement, feeling of unfairnessHere: insist firmly, a firming strongly46. deprive of: take away from, prevent from usingto deprive sb. of political rights / of his power / civil rightsThe misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason.The accident deprived him of his sight / hearing.47. sacrifice: to give up or lose, esp. for some good purpose or beliefThe ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs or calves before engaging in a battle.(infml) to sell sth. at less than its cost or valueI need the money and I have to sacrifice (on the price of) my car.48. regard: regard, respect, esteem, admire and their corresponding nouns are comparable when they mean a feeling for sb. or sth.Regard is the most colourless as well as the most formal. It usu. requires a modifier to reinforce its meaningI hold her in high / low / the greatest regard.to have a high / low regard for sb's opinion.Steve was not highly regarded in his hometown.It is proper to use respect from junior to senior or inferior to superior. It also implies a considered and carefulevaluation or estimation. Sometimes it suggests recognition of sth. as sacred. He respected their views even though he could not agree with them.to have respect for one's privacy, rights...Esteem implies greater warmth of feeling accompanying a high valuation.Einstein's theory of relativity won for his universal esteem. Admiration and Admire, like esteem, imply a recognition of superiority, but they usually connote more enthusiastic appreciation, and sometimes suggest genuine affection. Sometimes the words stress the personal attractiveness of the object of admiration, and weaken the implication of esteem.I have long felt the deepest esteem for you, and your present courageous attitude has added admiration to esteem.regard:to regard sb's wishes / advice / what... (but not sb.)respect:to respect sb.to respect sb.'s courage / opinion /esteem:to esteem sb.to esteem sb. for his honesty / courageadmire:to admire sb.to admire the flowers / sb.' poem49. the customer coming and going at intervals.A customer buys things from a shop; a client get services from a lawyer, a bank or a hairdresser; One who get medical services is a patient and a guest is served in a hotel.at intervals: happening regularly after equal periods of time Trains leave at short intervals.The trees were planted beside the road at 50-meters intervals.50. picturesque: charming or interesting enough to be made into a picture, striking, vivid51. -smith: a worker in metal, a makercopper- / gold- / tin- / black- / gun-smith52. clash: a noisy, usu. metallic sound of collisionswords clashThe dustbins clashed as the men emptied them.bang: to hit violently, to make a loud noiseThe door banged open / shut.He banged the window shut.53. impinge on (upon): to strike or dash esp. with a sharp collisionI heard the rain impinge upon the earth.The strong light impinge on his eyes.The noise of the aeroplane overhead impinged on our ears.to have effect onThe need to see that justice is done impinges on every decision made in the courts.54. distinct: clearly seen, heard, understood, etc. plane, noticeable, and distinguishable to the eye or ear or mind Anything clearly noticed is distinctThere is a distinct smell of beer in this room.A thing or quality that is clearly different from others of its kind is distinctive or distinct fromBeer has a very distinctive smell. It is quite distinct from the smell of wine.55. round:Please round your lips to say "oo".Stones rounded by the action of water are called cobbles.The ship rounded the cape / the tip of the peninsula.56. burnish: to polish, esp. metal, usu. with sth. hard and smooth, polish by friction, make smooth and shiny57. brazier: open metal framework like a basket, usu. on leg, for holding a charcoal or coal fire (see picture in ALD)58. youth: often derog. a young person, esp. a young malea group of youthsthe friends of my youthcollective noun: the youth (young men and women) of the nation59. incredible: This word comes from credit, which means belief, trust, and faithcredit cardWe place full credit in the government's ability.We gave credit to his story.credible: deserving or worthy of belief, trustworthyIs the witness's story credible?After this latest affair he hardly seems credible as a politician. incredible: too strange to be believed, unbelievable60. hammer away at:away: continuously, constantlySo little Hans worked away in his garden.He was laughing (grumbling) away all afternoon.61. vessel:a. usu. round container, such as a glass, pot, bottle, bucket or barrel, used for holding liquidsb. (fml) a ship or large boatc. a tube that carries blood or other liquid through the body, or plant juice through a plant: blood vessel62. bellows: an instrument for blowing air into a fire to make it burn quickly63. the red of the live...The light of the burning coal becomes alternately bright and dim (by turns, one follows the other) as the coal burns and dies down, burns again, along with the repeated movements of the bellows.64. glow: send out brightness or warmth, heat or light without flame or smokeWhen you draws a deep mouthful, the cigarette tip glows.65. rhythmically: happening at regular periods of time, alternately; by turns。
高级英语第一册1~6课课文解析与答案
第一单元Page44) The pole is attached at the one end to an upright post around which it can revolve, and at the other to a blind-folded camel, which walks constantly in a circle, providing the motive power to turn the stone wheel.翻译：磙轴的一端与一根立柱相连，使石磙可以绕立柱作旋转运动，另一端则套在一头蒙着眼罩的骆驼身上，通过骆驼不停地绕圈子走动来带动石磙旋转。
5) The machine is operated by one man, who shovels the linseed pulp into a stone vat, climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes, and then throws his weight on to a great beam made out of a tree trunk to set the ropes and pulleys in motion. Ancient girders creak and groan, ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels.翻译：这套装置是由一个人操作的。
高级英语第一册Blackmail
a reflection of America’s capitalist society
《大饭店》是阿瑟. 黑利1965年的作品。 它描写美国南部新奥尔良一家豪华的大饭 店，由于老板沃伦. 特伦特因循守旧，管理 不善，跟不上时代的发展，结果负债累累， 而被迫出售的故事。通过对这家饭店的描 述，反映了美国资本主义社会形形色色的 弊端和痼疾：旅馆巨擎弱肉强食，侦探人 员敲诈勒索，饭店职工贪污盗窃，黑人遭 到种族歧视，上层贵族卑鄙无耻，纨绔子 弟腐化堕落，富商少女精神空虚……这所 有的一切，可以说是腐朽的美国资本主义 社会的一个缩影。
Textual analysis
Read the text and try to find out each corresponding element in the text
（3）用人物的语言塑造艺术形象
1、通过充分个性化的语言，刻画人物性格，揭示人物关系。 2、通过富有动作性的语言，揭示人物的外部形态和内心活动。 3、通过富有潜台词的语言，揭示人物活动的目的和实质，反映丰富深刻 的生活内容。
3. 戏剧文学阅读与欣赏的要点：
（1）分析戏剧冲突 （2）分析剧本的场景设置 （3）分析剧本的情节安排 （4）分析戏剧文学的语言 戏戏戏剧剧剧冲 作的文突者情学是要节不戏在安同剧两排于文三，其学个常他表小常文现 时是 学人 之偶 样物 内然 式性 和性 的格 几与 根和 个必 本人 有然 特物 限性 点相 的的 在互 场结 于间 景合 通关 里， 过系 面情 剧的 表节中主现曲人要剧折物手中、的段人生语和物动言途几，来径年。、 每几构塑一十思造个年十艺主的分术要人巧形角生妙象色遭，的遇出揭性或乎示格命人特运的 物点 ，意 的、 其料 性角关， 格色键又 ，与在合 表角于乎 现色场事 矛间景情 盾的的的相设情 冲互置理 突关与。 ，系选分展都择析现会上剧作在面本品戏。的剧场情思冲景节想突设 中置安和充与排主分选，题而择可。清得以其晰好培语地，养言表承和个现载提性出量高化来就我 十。 大们 分分 ，构 突析 包思 出戏 含故 ，剧 的事 表冲 内的 现突 容能 力， 就力 极可 多。 强以 ，，极 思多准 想读确表、地现多把力分握就析人强戏物。剧的分语性析 格剧言本、，的弄是场清提景剧高设中我置人们，物语借相言鉴互运其间用裁的能取关力生系的活，一横借个断鉴十面其分、塑重浓造要缩人而人物有物形效与象的矛和途盾处径冲理。突人的物方关法系， 的可方以法培和养技我巧们，选培材养和自剪己材谋 的篇 能与 力写 。人的能力。
高级英语第三版第一册
高级英语第三版第一册介绍《高级英语第三版第一册》是一本用于英语学习者提高他们的英语水平的教材。
该教材旨在帮助学生掌握高级英语语法、词汇和商务交际技巧，以便能够在各种场合流利地进行英语交流。
本文档将介绍《高级英语第三版第一册》的主要内容和学习目标，并提供一些学习建议和使用技巧，以便读者能够更好地利用这本教材来提高他们的英语能力。
内容概述《高级英语第三版第一册》共包含八个单元，每个单元都涵盖了不同的主题和相关的语法和词汇知识。
以下是各个单元的概述：1.Unit 1: Introduction to Advanced English: 本单元主要介绍了该教材的学习目标和使用方法，并向学生介绍了一些高级英语语法和词汇。
2.Unit 2: Business Communication: 本单元主要关注商务交际技巧，包括商务信函写作、商务会议和演讲技巧等。
3.Unit 3: Advanced Grammar: 本单元涵盖了高级语法知识，包括从复合句到复杂句的转换、时态的灵活运用等。
4.Unit 4: Vocabulary Expansion: 本单元旨在扩展学生的词汇量，通过学习一些常用的高级词汇和短语来提高写作和口语表达能力。
5.Unit 5: Reading and Comprehension: 本单元通过阅读和理解各种文章和材料来提高学生的阅读理解能力，并提供相关的练习和技巧。
6.Unit 6: Writing Skills: 本单元涵盖了高级写作技巧，包括段落组织、逻辑推理和论证技巧等。
7.Unit 7: Listening and Speaking: 本单元通过听力和口语练习来提高学生的听力和口语表达能力，并提供相关的练习和技巧。
8.Unit 8: Revision and Practice: 本单元为学生提供复习和实践的机会，通过各种练习和任务来加强他们对前面单元内容的理解和运用能力。
学习目标《高级英语第三版第一册》的学习目标主要包括：1.掌握高级英语语法的使用，包括复杂句结构、时态的灵活运用等。
高级英语第一册讲义15
⾼级英语第⼀册讲义15Lesson 15 No Signposts in the SeaObjectives of teaching:1)get familiar with the background of the author;2)understand the main idea and theme of this text;3)master the key words and phrases and their use;4)try to learn and appreciate the writing style of this passageImportant and difficult points:1)understand the main idea of this passage;2)learn to use key words and phrases;3) learn and appreciate the writing styleI. Backgrounf information1. About the authorVictoria Mary Sackville- West (1892-1962) was an English poet and novelist, a member of the Bloomsbury group, an informal group of literary and artistic friends, a close friend of Virginia Woolf.Her poems include The Land (1926), Solitude (1938), The Garden (1946), All Passion Spent (1931). Her poetry is traditional in form, reminiscent of the work of the English nature poets of the age of romanticism.A prolific writer, Victoria Sackville-West is the author of 15 novels, as well as biographies and travel books.2. About the novel No Signposts in the SeaThis novel is writen in the form of a journal kept by a man called Edmund Carr, 50, an influential political columnist and bachelor. He learns that he has a limited time to live--- a few days or weeks, a month or two at most. How shall he spend them? In this quandary, he learns that a widow who he has lately met at random social occasions has booked passage on a cruise to the Far East. Her qualities, her intelligence and warmth stiffened by a deep reserve, have struck him as uncommon; he decided to be abroad. His contact with Laura, the widow, gives Carr an unfamiliar peace and a profound change in perspective. Power, prestige, practicality--- the former watchwords of his career--- lose their ring. Illusion, which he had adhorred, and the natural world, uninvaded by civilization, begin to seem transcendent. And a third-some Colonel arouses his all-too-human ignominy of jealousy, despair, meanness, and outbursts of disappointment against his ―rival‖. II．Detailed Study of the Text1.I have never had much of an eye for noticing the clothes of women: I have neverpaid much attention to nor have ever had a keen appreciation of the clothes of women.have an eye for : to have the ability to see, judge and understand clearly; to havea keen appreciation of2.she wears soft rich colours: Metonymy. The word colours stands for clothes ofthese colours.rich colours:deep, intense colours such as dark red, olive green and midnight blue .The word rich conveys various meanings when applied to modify different objects, e.g.a rich banquet ( luxurious, sumptuous )rich wine ( full of strength and flavour )rich soil ( fertile, yielding in abundance )a rich mine ( producing in abundance )a rich prize ( worth much, valuable )3.I ventured to say …: I expressed my opinion, expecting her to laugh at me.venture: to express ( an opinion ) at the risk of criticism, objection, denial4.beguile ourselves: pass our time pleasantly, while away our timebeguile: to cause (time) to pass without being noticed5.who is not too offensively an Empire-builder: In Carr‘s eyes, Empire-buildersare all aggressive people causing offence and disgust. But this one ( a military officer sent to the colonies ) is not so bad. 6.he used to read me : Metonymy. Me stands for books or articles written by me.Examples:1)I like Shakespeare. ( Shakespeare‘s works )2)I find Saul Bellow very difficult to understand.( books written by Saul Bellow )7.He is by no means stupid or ill-informed: He is not at all stupid or ignorant. In thecompound adjective ill-informed, ill means badly, imperfectly, wrongly, improperly, e.g. ill-advised, ill-bred, ill-considered, ill-defined, ill-founded, ill-mannered, ill-treatment, etc.8.just about as far to the Right as anybody could go : just about as conservative asanybody could be; extremely conservative politically9.try not to tease him by putting forward views which would only bring a puzzlelook to his face: Carr knew if he put forward some liberal views the conservative Colonel would look puzzled. So he refrained from doing so because personally he like the Colonel and didn‘t want to make fun of him .10.I observe with amusement how totally the concerns of the world … to the extentof a bored distaste: I was once so completely absorbed in the important affairs of the world that I devoted all my attention, time and energy to them and only occasionally did I allow myself a little rest by reading poetry or listening to music.Yet now these world problems no longer hold any interest for me. Actually I dislike them and they bore me now. I feel quite amused as I watch how this dramatic change in perspective is taking place.1）to the exclusion of : so as to keep out, bar, leave out , excludingExamples:All editorials were about the general election to the exclusion of all other topics.He was advised to study English literature to the exclusion of all other subjects.2）to the extent of a bored distaste: to such an extent or degree that they give me a bored distaste11.some instinct impels me gluttonously to cram these the last weeks of my life withthe gentler things I never had time for : Perhaps because I know my days are numbered, I am impelled by instinct to enjoy myself to the full with more refined, pleasant and softer things ( as compared with writing political leaders and so on ) which I never had time to enjoy in the past.gluttonously to cram:eating like a glutton, too much and greedily; greedily filling his life with the gentler things12.releasing some suppressed inclination which in fact was always latent: allowingmy likings and wishes to show themselves, setting free my likings and wishes, which had always existed but had been ignored and suppressedinclination: liking, wishExamples:1)She has no inclination to be an actress.2)You must think of our feelings instead of following your own inclinations. 13.Or maybe Laura‘s unwitting influence has called it out: Or maybe my suppressedinclination has been brought out under Laura‘s unconscious ( or unintentional ) influence.14.Dismissive as Pharisee, I regarded as moon lings all those whose life was lived ona less practical plane: I was as puritanical as a Pharisee and I viewed withcontempt all those who lived a less practical life than my own and regarded them as impractical inhabitants on the moon. plane: a level of existence15.Protests about damage to ?natural beauty ‘froze me with contempt: I was notmoved by the protests about damage to ? natural beauty ‘ and I viewed them with great contempt. Believing in practicality and materialism, Carr disagreed with those who protested that industrialization had spoiled the natural beauty of the world. freeze: to make or keep motionless, or stiff, unable to show one‘s feelingsExamples:1)He froze the little girls with his stern gaze.2)We all froze at the sight of the snake.16.spare no regrets for … ; feel no regrets at all forspare: refrain from, omit, avoid using or use frugally17. a lake dammed into hydraulic use: A dam is built on a lake in order to make useof its water power.18.A hard materialism was my creed, accepted as a law of progress: I firmly believedin uncompromising materialism which in my opinion represented the law of human progress.19.any ascription of disinterested motives aroused not only my suspicion but myscorn: When people imputed unselfish motives to their actions. I suspected them and viewed them with contempt. I not only disbelieved people when they said they did things out of unselfish motives, I also held them contempt.20.And now see how I stand, as sentimental and sensitive, as any old maid doingwater-colours of sunsets: Just imagine how I have changed now. Here I stand, sentimental and sensitive, like an old unmarried woman painting a water-colour picture of sunset.21.I once flattered myself that …: I once believed with self-deluding belief that …flatter oneself that: to hold the self-satisfying or self-deluding belief that22.I am gloriously and adolescently silly: I am delightfully and childishly sill.gloriously: ( colloquial ) delightfully, enjoyablyadolescent: youthful, immature, unsettled23.suffering from calf-love into the bargain: moreover experiencing the pain ofpuppy love1)calf-love:immature love that adolescent boys and girls may feel for eachother; puppy love. The narrator uses this word probably to imply that he had never truly been in love before he met Laura. 2)into the bargain: in addition, moreover24.I want my fill of beauty before I go: Before I die, I want to enjoy beauty to myheart‘s content; to enjoy as much as I can.fill: all that is needed to satisfy, e.g. eat and drink one‘s fill25.There are no signposts in the sea: The implication is there‘s nothing to guide one‘smind on the sea; there‘s nothing to stop one‘s imagination.26.The young moon lies on her back tonight as is her habit in the tropics, and as, Ithink, is suitable if not seemly for a virgin: Personification. The moon which has just risen lies on her back, which is her habit in the tropics, and I think the way the young moon lies is suitable if no tropics for a virgin. Here the narrator personifies the moon, describing it as a beautiful virgin.seemly: suitable, proper, fitting, as regarded by conventional standards of conduct or good taste27.Not a star but might not shoot down: Every single star might come down quickly.but: adv. used for emphasis28.dispersed to bed: went to bed in their own cabins29.I creep up again to the deserted deck and slip into the swimming pool and float …a vision of the world inspired from Olympus: I come up stealthily again to theempty deck and slip into the swimming pool and let myself float in the water freely. At this moment I am not a middle-aged journalist that people believe me to be spending a holiday on an ocean-going liner. I have now become a liberated person, bathed in magic waters, and I feel I am like Endymion, a young and strong youth who has a god for his father and gifted with the power to see the world given by gods at Olympus.mythological waters: magic waters, that appear in mythology, such as the Lethe, the river of forgetfulness whose water produced loss of memory in those whodrank of it;Here the narrator uses this allusion because he feels he has become incapable of envy, ambition, malice, etc. while floating in the swimming pool, as if the pool had changed him completely by a miracle just like mythological waters.30.I understand the meaning of pantheism: I understand why people worship manyobjects as their gods. The narrator implies man is passing and transient, while Nature, the objective world, is lasting. pantheism: the doctrine that God is not personality ( as in Christianity ) but that all laws, forces, manifestations, etc, of the self-existing universe are God.31.discarded … all usual frailties: got rid of all moral weaknesses usually found in aperson, such as envy, malice, etc.32.score off my neighbour: defeat my neighbour in competitions; gain someadvantage over my neighbour cf. keep up with the Joneses33.enjoy this purification: enjoy the purification of the soul –the state of being freefrom all those moral weaknesses34.the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin: transferred epithet; thesensual delight, pleasure produced by the clean warm breeze brushing against my skin.35.the cool support of the water: another instance of transferred epithet; the supportof the cool water36.rippled with little white ponies: White ponies ( small horses ) are a metaphorreferring to the spray of breaking waves.37.when the sky surely seems blacker and the stars more golden because the air hereis infinitely cleaner than at home ( in England ) : The air is not polluted, and there is no fog on the sea.38.sometimes these untaught scribblers have a way of putting things: Sometimesthese uneducated people who write carelessly know how to describe things, express ideas.39.it may be precipitious bluffs of grey limestone rising sheer out of the sea: Thecoast may be high, steep cliffs of grey limestone, rising perpendicularly out of the sea.40.bleached and barren: Alliteration.bleached: white, colourlessbarren: not producing crops or fruit; having little or no vegetation e.g. barren soil, barren hills41.forbidding: looking dangerous, threatening or disagreeable42.These coasts remind me of people, either they are forbidding or … all they have togive at a glance: Analogy.The author compares the sheer steep cliffs to forbidding, unapproachable people, and the barren open sandy beach to people who have nothing to reveal.43.with ranges of mountains soaring behind them, full of possibilities, peaks to bescaled by the most daring: Behind the stern cliffs, rising high into the sky are ranges of mountains and peaks which only the most daring people climb. There mountains may have all kinds of beautiful things hidden in them, things thatcannot be seen from outside. For instance, one may find some strange species of plants or animals there.44.grow unravished among their crags and valleys: grow unharmed among the rockycrags or deep in the valleys. The word unravished is used figuratively.ravish: to take or carry away by force; to rape ( a woman )45.So do I let my imagination play over the recesses of Laura‘s character: In the sameway I let myself freely imagine what the innermost part of Laura‘s character presents.46.so austere in the foreground but nurturing what treasures of tenderness. likedelicate flowers, for the discovery of the venturesome: ( She looks ) so severe outwardly, but inwardly she is full of tenderness---tenderness like delicate flowers waiting for the daring to discover. This is another instance of analogy. The author is comparing the cliffs to Laura. Both look stern at first glance. Behind the cliffs there are mountains and peaks whose crags and valleys present mysterious things.And Laura, serious though she may look, has a deep reserve and profound feelings of tenderness in the recesses of her character. The mysterious peaks are to be scaled by the most daring. Similarly only the courageous can discover the secrets in the innermost place of Laura‘s heart.47.a great purple mountain overhung by a great purple cloud: There was a big purplecloud over a large purple mountain.48.Haunted: The spot must be haunted, that is, frequented by ghosts.49.he gets relieved every so often: Very often somebody else would replace him sothat he would be set free from the post and take a rest.50.I find it refreshing to think there are still a few odd fish left in the world: I feelcomfortable when I think that there are still a few strange and stupid people left in the world ( who are willing to do the jobs people usually hate doing ).fish: (colloquial ) person thought of as like a fish in being easily lured by bait;person lacking intelligence or emotion51.there is a touch of rough poetry about him: There is a trace of simple poeticquality in his character.52.has used his eyes and kept his ears open: has observed carefully and learnt muchfrom what he has heard53.knowing the latitude we can permit ourselves: knowing how far we can allowourselves to go; knowing how much freedom of conduct we can allow ourselves to have. Here the word latitude, used figuratively, means freedom of opinion, conduct, action, etc.54.Thus, and no farther, can I follow Laura: Like the albatross, I should know howfar I can not follow Laura farther than that. What he means is that there is a limit to his relationship with Laura, and that he should not allow himself to go beyond that limit. This reveals the narrator‘s feeling torn between love of Laura and his self-acknowledgement that she is unattainable for him.55.there is quite a lot of lore stored away in the Colonel‘s otherwise not veryinteresting mind: There is quite a lot of knowledge stored away in the Colonel‘s mind, which is not interesting except for that. lore: knowledge or wisdom, especially of an unscientific kind, about a certain subject, e.g. a countryman‘s weather lore56.I prefer having her to myself: I prefer being with he alone without the presence ofa third party.57.it is seldom that we espy so much as another ship: We seldom catch sight of evenanother ship.58.to see the last of the monster which bears us into and out of sight: to see no morethe great, strange-looking ship which carries us into and out of the range of their sight59.Our wake closes up and we might never have been: When the track left in thewater by our moving ship disappears, the sea is peaceful and quiet again, as if we had never been there.Cf. in the wake of : close behind, as a result of60.a small manageable domain in a large unmanageable world: Antithesis.domain: territory under one government or ruler.61.but of such incommunicative quirks is the private mind made up: Inversion.The normal order should be: the private mind is made up of such incommunicative quirks. The secret mind is made up of these peculiar traits that are secretive, reserved, and that one find difficult to tell others62.to find my imagination always truing towards the idyllic: to find my imaginationalways leading me to invent the life on the islands as pleasing, simple and picturesque63.This is the new Edmund Carr with a vengeance:This is the new Edmund Carr ( the narrator himself ) , who has changed excessively or to an unusual extent.with a vengeance:to a high degree, excessively, e.g. a wind blowing with a vengeance64.as he beaches his craft: as he grounds his boat on the beach65.His woman : his wife66.she takes his catch from him : She takes the fish he has caught from him.67.steeply humped against the faint reflected moonlight: in the shape of a steeparch under the dim moonlight reflected by the sea.68.the humps receded into the darkness: The steeply humped islands movedbackward ( as our ship moved forward ).recede: the tide / his hair / early memory /etc. recedes69.So peaceful and secret; so self-contained: Elliptical with ― The two villages are‖omitted.70.leper colony: an isolated settlement of lepers. The lepers are isolated to preventthe spreading of the disease.71.penal settlement: an isolated community of convicts72.watching for the green flash: watch for because the green flash does not appearevery time the sun sets. They have to watch wait for it to come. It is said that only under certain conditions does the green light come ---the sky must be clear with good visibility; humidity of the air should low; there must be no cloud our mist inthe sky. The green light appears on the land only where the line of horizon is straight without any building s or forests. Very rarely can this streak of green light be seen at the instant the sun rises above the horizon.73.sinks to is daily doom: goes down to where it is destined to go everyday74.the winepink width of water merging into lawns of aquamarine: the wideexpanse of winepink water mixing with strips of bluish-green water. The whole phrase is a nominative absolute construction. The word lawns is used metaphorically, meaning wide strips of bluish-green water.75.the sky a tender palette of pink and blue: again nominative absolute construction.A palette is a board on which an artist mixes his paints. Here it is a metaphor,meaning the sky is like a palette of soft pink and blue colours. The adjective tender is a transferred epithet, which actually modifies pink and blue76.You did always lose yourself in the pleasure of words:You were always absorbed by the pleasure of words. You slways enjoyed playing with words so much that you noticed nothing else.Examples with to lose oneself in:1)He lost himself in the book and didn‘t notice the man who had come in.2)The Trojans lost themselves in their celebration, forgetting all about theirenemy.77.Say green as jealousy and be done with it : I suggest you say the light is green asjealousy and then we will finish this game on words.green as jealousy: cf. green with envy, very jealous. Now Laura is joking about Edmund Carr‘s love of words.78.into the full torrid glare of an open space: into the hot, dazzling brightness of aspace without any covering79.snatch it away, burnt: take my hand away quickly, feeling very hot. All thesedetails given in this paragraph show the change in he narrator‘s perspective.80.I would never have believed in the simple bliss of being, day after day, at sea: IfI had not taken this trip by boat, I would never have believed in the simple butgreat joy of this kind of life—a life spent at sea day after day.81.I should like this empty existence to be prolonged beyond calculation: I wishthis idle voyage without any worry or suffering could go on for ever.empty existence: an idle life with no practical problems of the world to disturb or trouble a person82.The Pacific alone dwarfs all the continents put together: The Pacific Oceanalone is much larger than all the continents combined.83.I shed all that I have ever been : I throw off all the qualities, likes, dislikes andeverything else that I have had before.III. Rhetorical devicesMetonymy：she wears soft rich colours.…he used to read me.Personification:The young moon lies on her back tonight as is her habit in the tropics, and as, I think, is suitable if not seemly for a virgin. Transferred epithet:…the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin;…the cool support of the water…Metaphor:…rippled with little white ponies.Alliteration:…bleached and barren…Antithesis:…a small manageable domain in a large unmanageable world…Inversion:…but of such incommunicative quirks is the private mind made up…IV. Question for discussionWhy does Carr say: ―God, is there no escape from suffering and sin?‖。
高级英语第一册讲义12
Lesson 12 The LoonsObjectives of Teaching1) Improving students’ ability to read between lines and understand the text properly;2) Cultivating students’ ability to make a creative reading;3) Enhancing students’ ability to appreciate the text4) Helping students to understanding rhetorical devices;5)Encouraging students to voice their own viewpoint fluently and accurately. Important and difficult points1)understanding the theme of this passage;2)appreciating the writing style.I. Background information about the author:Margaret Laurence is one of the major contemporary Canadian writers. After her marriage, she lived in Africa for a number of years.Her works include A Tree of Poverty(1954), This Side of Jordan(1960), The Tomorrow-Tamer (1963), The Prophet’s Camel Bell(1963), The Stone Angel(1964) and The Fire Dwellers (1969), A Bird in the House (1970), The Diveners (1974).II. Type of writing: short fiction“The Loons” (1970) is included in the Norton Anthology of Short Fiction, 2nd ed., 1981.III. Background of the story:This touching story tells of the plight of a girl from a native Indian family. Her people were marginalized by the white-dominating society. They were unable to exist independently in a respectable and dignified way. They found it impossible to fit into the main currents of culture and difficult to be assimilated comfortably. At school, the girl felt out of place and ill at ease with the white children. When she had grown up she didn’t have any chance to improve her life. In fact her situation became more and more messed up. In the end she was killed in a fire.IV. Detailed study of the text1. shack: a small roughly built house, hut2. dwelling: n (fml) place of residence; house, flat, etcEg: my dwelling in Kaifengdwelling-house(esp. law): house used as a residence, not as a place of work3.belong: to be suitable or advantageous, be in the right placeeg: I don't belong in a big city like this.He doesn't belong in the advanced learners’ class.She refuses to go abroad: She belongs here.4.odd: not regular, occasional, casual, occasional, randomeg: odd jobsHis life was not dull with the odd adventure now and then.5. relief: aid in the form of goods, coupon or money given, as by a government agency,to persons unable to support themselveseg: a relief lawyeron relief: receiving government aid because of poverty, unemployment, etc.6. …with a face that seemed totally unfamiliar with laughter, would knock at the doors of the town’s brick houses…This suggests that the Tonnerres had lived a very miserable life. They had never experienced happiness in their whole life. The “brick houses” indicates the wealthy people’s home.7. flare:1) burn brightly but briefly or unsteadilyEg: The match flared in the darkness.flare up: burn suddenly more intenselyThe fire flared up as I put more logs on it.2) reach a more violent state; suddenly become angryeg:Violence has flared up again.He flares up at the slightest provocation.3) (of an illness)recur, happen againMy back trouble has flared up again.8. dogged: determined; not giving up easilyEg: a dogged defence of the cityAlthough he's less talented, he won by sheer dogged persistence.V. Organization of the storyPart I. (Paras 1-2): Introduction of the novel---the general background.Part II. (Para.3-4) The whole storySection 1. Para.3 (p.206) – Para.6 (p.208) Introducing the heroine Piquette.Section 2. Para.7 (p.208) – Para.2 (p.214) Days together with Piquette at Diamond LakeSection 3. Para.3 (p. 214) – Para.2 (p.217) Second meeting with Piquette several years laterSection 4. Para.3 (p.217) – Para.4 (p.218) Piquette’s deathPart III. (Para. 5 on page 218 – end). AnalogyVI. Rhetorical devices1)Hyperbole…dresses that were always miles too long.…those voices belo nged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world2)Metaphor…the filigree of the spruce treesdaughter of the forestI tried another lineA streak of amber3) PersonificationThe two grey squirrels were still there, gossiping…The news that somehow had not found its way into letters.I tried another linea streak of amber4) Transferred epithetAll around, the spruce trees grew tall and close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky which was lightened by a cold flickering of stars.I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendency to look the other way.My brother, Roderick, who had not been born when we were here last summer, sat on the car rug in the sunshine and examined a brown spruce core, meticulously turning it round and round in his small and curious hands.5) MetonymyThose voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home. (our modern civilization)6) Synecdochethe damn bone’s flared up againVII. The theme of the story:The death of the heroine is like the disappearance of the loons on Diamond Lake. Just as the narrator’s father predicted, the loons would go away when more cottages were built at the Lake with more people moving in. The loons disappeared as nature was ruined by civilization. In a similar way, the girl and her people failed to find their positions in modern society.VIII. Questions for discussion:How is the diasappearance of the loons related to the theme of this story?。
高级英语第一册Unit 3 文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案
Unit 3 Ships in the DesertShips in the DesertShips in the DesertAL Gore--------------------------------------------------------------------------------I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing ship capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day. But it wasn' t a good day. We were anchored in what used to be the most productive fishing site in all of central Asia, but as I looked out over the bow , the prospects of a good catch looked bleak. Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand – as far as I could see in all directions. The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched all the way to the horizon . Ten year s ago the Aral was the fourth-largest inland sea in the world, comparable to the largest of North America's Great Lakes. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in anill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton In the user t. The new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishing fleet was now permanently docked. Meanwhile, in the nearby town of Muynak the people were still canning fish – brought not from the Aral Sea but shipped by rail through Siberia from the Pacific Ocean, more than a thousand miles away.My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel around the world to examine and study many of these images of destruction. At the very bottom of the earth, high in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, with the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the sky, I stood in the unbelievable coldness and talked with a scientist in the late tall of 1988 about the tunnel he was digging through time. Slipping his parka back to reveal a badly burned face that was cracked and peeling, he pointed to the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier on which we were standing. He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago. "Here's where the U. S Congress passed the Clean Air Act, ” he said. At the bottom of the world, two continents away from Washington, D. C., even a small reduction in one country's emissions had changed the amount of pollution found in the remotest end least accessible place on earth.But the most significant change thus far in the earth' s atmosphere is the one that began with the industrial r evolution early in the last century and has picked up speed ever since. Industry meant coal, and later oil, and we began to burn lots of it – bringing rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) , with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. Fewer than a hundred yards from the South Pole, upwind from the ice runway where the ski plane lands and keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together, scientists monitor the air sever al times ever y day to chart the course of that inexorable change. During my visit, I watched one scientist draw the results of that day'smeasurements, pushing the end of a steep line still higher on the graph. He told me how easy it is – there at the end of the earth – to see that this enormous change in the global atmosphere is still picking up speed.Two and a half years later I slept under the midnight sun at the other end of our planet, in a small tent pitched on a twelve-toot-thick slab of ice floating in the frigid Arctic Ocean. After a hearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north to a rendezvous point where the ice was thinner – only three and a half feet thick – and a nuclear submarine hovered in the water below. After it crashed through the ice, took on its new passengers, and resubmerged, I talked with scientists who were trying to measure more accurately the thickness of the polar ice cap, which many believe is thinning as a re-suit of global warming. I had just negotiated an agreement between ice scientists and the U. S. Navy to secure the re-lease of previously top secret data from submarine sonar tracks, data that could help them learn what is happening to the north polar cap. Now, I wanted to see the pole it-self, and some eight hours after we met the submarine, we were crashing through that ice, surfacing, and then I was standing in an eerily beautiful snowcape, windswept and sparkling white, with the horizon defined by little hummocks, or "pressure ridges " of ice that are pushed up like tiny mountain ranges when separate sheets collide. But here too, CD, levels are rising just as rapidly, and ultimately temperature will rise with them – indeed, global warming is expected to push temperatures up much more rapidly in the polar regions than in the rest of the world. As the polar air warms, the ice her e will thin; and since the polar cap plays such a crucial role in the world's weather system, the consequences of a thinning cap could be disastrous.Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise. Six months after I returned from the North Pole, a team of scientists reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distribution in the Arctic, and a second team reported a still controversialclaim (which a variety of data now suggest) that, over all, the north polar cap has thinned by 2 per cent in just the last decade. Moreover, scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle, the spring snowmelt now comes earlier every year, and deep in the tundra below, the temperature e of the earth is steadily rising.As it happens, some of the most disturbing images of environmental destruction can be found exactly halfway between the North and South poles – precisely at the equator in Brazil – where billowing clouds of smoke regularly black-en the sky above the immense but now threatened Amazon rain forest. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef; as I learned when I went there in early 1989, the fires are set earlier and earlier in the dry season now, with more than one Tennessee's worth of rain forest being slashed and burned each year. According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America – which means we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.But one doesn't have to travel around the world to wit-ness humankind's assault on the earth. Images that signal the distress of our global environment arenow commonly seen almost anywhere. On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset -- and it you are watching from a place where pollution hasn't blotted out the night sky altogether -- you can sometimes see a strange kind of cloud high in the sky. This "noctilucent cloud" occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening dark-ness; shimmering above us with a translucent whiteness, these clouds seem quite unnatural. And they should: noctilucent clouds have begun to appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere. (Also called natural gas, methane is released from landfills , from coal mines and rice paddies, from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other human activities. ) Even though noctilucent clouds were sometimes seen in the past., all this extra methane carries more water vapor into the upper atmosphere, where it condenses at much higher altitudes to form more clouds that the sun's rays still strike long after sunset has brought the beginning of night to the surface far beneath them.What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky? Simple wonder or the mix of emotions we feel at the zoo? Perhaps we should feel awe for our own power: just as men "ear tusks from elephants’ heads in such quantity as to threaten the beast with extinction, we are ripping matter from its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkness. In the process, we are once again adding to the threat of global warming, be-cause methane has been one of the fastest-growing green-house gases, and is third only to carbon dioxide and water vapor in total volume, changing the chemistry of the upper atmosphere. But, without even considering that threat, shouldn't it startle us that we have now put these clouds in the evening sky which glisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we can't see these clouds for what they are – a physical manifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth?Even though it is sometimes hard to see their meaning, we have by now all witnessed surprising experiences that signal the damage from our assault on the environment --whether it's the new frequency of days when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees, the new speed with which the -un burns our skin, or the new constancy of public debate over what to do with growing mountains of waste. But our response to these signals is puzzling. Why haven't we launched a massive effort to save our environment? To come at the question another way' Why do some images startle us into immediate action and focus our attention or ways to respond effectively? And why do other images, though sometimes equally dramatic, produce instead a Kin. of paralysis, focusing our attention not on ways to respond but rather on some convenient, less painful distraction?Still, there are so many distressing images of environ-mental destruction that sometimes it seems impossible to know how to absorb or comprehend them. Before considering the threats themselves, it may be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to respondappropriately.A useful system comes from the military, which frequently places a conflict in one of three different categories, according to the theater in which it takes place. There are "local" skirmishes, "regional" battles, and "strategic" conflicts. This third category is reserved for struggles that can threaten a nation's survival and must be under stood in a global context. Environmental threats can be considered in the same way. For example, most instances of water pollution, air pollution, and illegal waste dumping are essentially local in nature. Problems like acid rain, the contamination ofunder-ground aquifers, and large oil spills are fundamentally regional. In both of these categories, there may be so many similar instances of particular local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world that the patter n appears to be global, but the problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of- the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system, and these threats are fundamentally strategic. The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producing the chlorofluorocarbons responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean – all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface; and it we let chlorine levels continue to increase, the radiation levels will al-so increase – to the point that all animal and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.Global warming is also a strategic threat. The concentration of carbon dioxide and other heat-absorbing molecules has increased by almost 25 per cent since World War II, posing a worldwide threat to the earth's ability to regulate the amount of heat from the sun retained in the atmosphere. This increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pattern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.In other words, the entire relationship between humankind and the earth has been transformed because our civilization is suddenly capable of affecting the entire global environment, not just a particular area. All of us know that human civilization has usually had a large impact on the environment; to mention just one example, there is evidence that even in prehistoric times, vast areas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. And in our own time we have reshaped a large part of the earth's surface with concrete in our cities and carefully tended rice paddies, pastures, wheat fields, and other croplands in the countryside. But these changes, while sometimes appearing to be pervasive , have, until recently, been relatively trivial factors in the global ecological sys-tem. Indeed, until our lifetime, it was always safe to assume that nothing we did or could do would haveany lasting effect on the global environment. But it is precisely that assumption which must now be discarded so that we can think strategically about our new relationship to the environment.Human civilization is now the dominant cause of change in the global environment. Yet we resist this truth and find it hard to imagine that our effect on the earth must now be measured by the same yardstick used to calculate the strength of the moon's pull on the oceans or the force of the wind against the mountains. And it we are now capable of changing something so basic as the relationship between the earth and the sun, surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. So far, however, We seem oblivious of the fragility of the earth's natural systems.This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physical reality of our relation-ship to the earth: a sudden and startling surge in human population, with the addition of one China's worth of people every ten years, and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution, which has allowed an almost unimaginable magnification of our power to affect the world around us by burning, cutting, digging, moving, and trans-forming the physical matter that makes up the earth. The surge in population is both a cause of the changed relationship and one of the clearest illustrations of how startling the change has been, especially when viewed in a historical context. From the emergence of modern humans 200 000 years ago until Julius Caesar's time, fewer than 250 million people walked on the face of the earth. When Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World 1500 years later, there were approximately 500 million people on earth. By the time Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the number had doubled again, to 1 billion. By midway through this century, at the end of World War II, the number had risen to just above 2 billion people. In other words, from the beginning of humanity's appearance on earth to 1945, it took more than ten thousand generations to reach a world population of 2 billion people. Now, in the course of one human lifetime -- mine -- the world population will increase from 2 to more than 9 million, and it is already more than halfway there.Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick up speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in many fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years that. in the entire previous history of science. While no single discover y has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that unclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance -- making the consequences, of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.Now that our relationship to the earth has changed so utterly, we have to see that change and understand its implications. Our challenge is to recognize that the startling images of environmental destruction now occurring all over the world have much more in common than their ability to shock and awaken us. They aresymptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced. Global warming, ozone depletion, the loss of living species, deforestation -- they all have a common cause: the new relationship between human civilization and the earth's natural balance. There are actually two aspects to this challenge. The first is to realize that our power to harm the earth can in-deed have global and even permanent effects. The second is to realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate according to the same simple rules of cause and effect we are used to. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. As a result, any solution to the problem will require a careful assessment of that relationship as well as the complex interrelationship among factors within civilization and between them and the major natural components of the earth's ecological system.There is only one precedent for this kind of challenge to our thinking, and again it is military. The invention of nuclear weapons and the subsequent development by the Unit-ed States and the Soviet Union of many thousands of strategic nuclear weapons forced a slow and painful recognition that the new power thus acquired forever changed not only the relationship between the two superpowers but also the relationship of humankind to the institution at war-fare itself. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations – completely and simultaneously. That sobering realization led to a careful reassessment of every aspect of our mutual relationship to the prospect of such a war. As early as 1946 one strategist concluded that strategic bombing with missiles "may well tear away the veil of illusion that has so long obscured the reality of the change in warfare – from a fight to a process of destruction.”Nevertheless, during the earlier stages of the nuclear arms race, each of the superpower s assumed that its actions would have a simple and direct effect on the thinking of the other. For decades, each new advance in weaponry was deployed by one side for the purpose of inspiring fear in the other. But each such deployment led to an effort by the other to leapfrog the first one with a more advanced deployment of its own. Slowly, it has become apparent that the problem of the nuclear arms r ace is not primarily caused by technology. It is complicated by technology, true; but it arises out of the relationship between the superpowers and is based on an obsolete understanding of what war is all about.The eventual solution to the arms race will be found, not in a new deployment by one side or the other of some ultimate weapon or in a decision by either side to disarm unilaterally , but ratter in new understandings and in a mutual transformation of the relationship itself. This transformation will involve changes in the technology of weaponry and the denial of nuclear technology to rogue states. But the key changes will be in the way we think about the institution of war far e and about the relationship between states.The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posedby changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life -- a simplistic notion at best. But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTESI) Al Gore: born in 1948 in Washington D. C., U. S. Senator (1984-1992) from the State of Tennessee,and U. S. Vice-President ( l 992-) under President Bill Clinton. He is the author of the book Earth in the Balance from which this piece is taken. 2) Aral Sea: inland sea and the world’s fourth largest lake, c. 26 000 sqmiles, SW Kazakhstan and NW Uzbekhstan, E of the Caspian Sea3) Great Lakes: group of five freshwater lakes, Central North America, between the United States and Canada, largest body of fresh water in the world. From west to east, they are Lake Superior,Lake Michigan,Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.4) Trans-Antarctic Mountains: mountain chain stretching across Antarctica from Victoria I and to Coats I and; separating the E Antarctic and W Antarctic subcontinents5) Clean Air Act: one of the oldest environmental laws of the U. S., as well as the most far-reaching, the costliest, and the most controversial. It was passed in 1970.6) Washington D. C.: capital of the United States. D. C. (District of Columbia).is added to distinguish it from the State of Washington and 3 other cities in the U. S bearing the sonic name.7) freeze-locking: the metal parts are frozen solid and unable to move freely8)midnight sun: phenomenon in which the sun remains visible in the sky for 24 hours or longer, occurring only in the polar regions9)global warming; The earth is getting warmer. The temperature of the earth's atmosphere and its surface is steadily rising.10) Submarine sonar tracks: the term sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging. It is used for communication between submerged submarines or between a submarine and a surface vessel, for locating mines and underwater hazards to navigation, and also as a fathometer, or depth finder.11) greenhouse (effect): process whereby heat is trapped at the surface of the earth by the atmosphere. An increase of man-made pollutants in the atmosphere will lead to a long-term warming of the earth's climate.12) Julius Caesar: (102? B. C -- 44 B. C:. ), Roman statesman and general13) Christopher Columbus: ( 1451-1506), discoverer of America, born Genoa, Italy14) Thomas Jefferson: (17-13-1826 ), 3d President of the UnitedStates(1801-1809), author of the Declaration of Independence.15) Declaration of Independence: full and formal declaration adopted July 4,1776, by representatives of the thirteen colonies in North America announcing the separation of those colonies from Great Britain and making them into the United States16)Ozone depletion: A layer of ozone in the stratosphere prevents most ultraviolet and other high-energy radiation, which is harmful to life, from penetrating to the earth's surface.Some.environmental, scientists fear that certain man-made pollutants, e.g. nitric oxide, CFCs(Chlorofluorocarbons), etc., may interfere with the delicate balance of reactions that maintains the ozone’ s concentration, possibly leading to a drastic depletion of stratospheric ozone. This is now happening in the stratosphere above the polarShips in the Desert 课文讲解/Detailed StudyShips in the Desert--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Detailed Study1. Ships in the Desert [image-7]: Ships anchored in the desert. This is aneye-catching title and it gives an image that people hardly see. When readers read the title, they can’t help wondering why and how.Paragraph 1. typical example of environmental destruction[image-7]2. capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day: having the ability of cleaning and preparing for marketing or canning fifty-tons of fish on a productive day.catch: the amount of something caught; in the sentence it refers to the amount of fish caught e.g. The boat brought back a big catch of fish.3. but as I looked out over the bow, the prospects of a good catch looked bleak:a good catch did not look promising / hopeful.This is obviously an understatement because with sand all around there was no chance of catching fish, to say nothing of catching a lot of fish.bow[audio-1] : the front part of a shipant. sterncompare: bow[audio-2]: v. & n. to bend the upper part of the body forward, as away of showing respect, admitting defeat, etc.bow [audio-3]: n. a weapon for shooting arrowa long thin piece of wood with a tight string fastened along it, used for playing musical instruments that have stringsa knot formed by doubling a string or cord into two curved pieces, and used for decoration in the hair, in tying shoes, etcbleak: a) If a situation is bleak, it is bad, and seems unlikely to improve.e.g. His future looked bleak.bleak prospect; the bleakness of the post war yearsb) If a place is bleak, it looks cold, bare, and unattractivee.g. the bleak coastlinec) When the weather is bleak, it is cold, dull, and unpleasante.g. the bleak wintersd) If someone looks or sounds bleak, they seem depressed, hopeless, or unfriendlye.g. his bleak featuresbleakly adv.e.g. He stared bleakly ahead.“What,” he asked bleakly, “are these?”4. waves lapping against the side of the ship: waves touching the side of the ship gently and makes a soft sound lap can also be used as a noun.e.g. Your lap is the flat area formed by your thighs when you are sitting down. Her youngest child was asleep in her lap.He placed the baby on the woman’s lap.In a race, when you say that a competitor has completed a lap when he or she has gone round the course race.5. as far as I could see in all direction: that extended as far as the eye could see;6. that stretched all the way to the horizon: that extended to the far off place where the sky meet the earth7. comparable: something that is comparable to something else is a) as good as/ as big as/ as important as the other thing; b) similar to the other thinge.g. This dinner is comparable to the best French cooking.Our house is not comparable with yours. Ours is just a small hut while yours is a palace.8. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in an ill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton in the dessert: Now it is becoming smaller and smaller because the water that used to flow into the sea has been turned away to irrigate the land created in the desert to grow cotton. The。
高级英语第一册课后答案解析
高级英语第一册课后答案解析Lesson 1I．1)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgetable scene.II .1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one sideto another2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear. Ⅲ. See the translation of text.IV.1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour6)v. +adv..pullover, buildupV.1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of theneedle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it．(adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4thcentury．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?Ⅵ．1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．Ⅶ．1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。
高级英语第一册lesson6-Blackmail-课文详解2-detail-study、背景知识、文章结构及修辞学习
高级英语第一册lesson6 Blackmail 课文详解2 detail study、背景知识、文章结构及修辞学习2008-02-11 12:11:18| 分类：默认分类| 标签：|字号大中小订阅高级英语第一册lesson6 Blackmail 课文详解2 detail study、背景知识、文章结构及修辞学习2007年01月01日星期一下午11:4896. bulbous: shaped like a bulb, swelling and disgustingly fat and roundbulbous dome / nose97. peremptorily: (fml) showing an expectation of being obeyed at once and without question, imp olitely and unfriendly, commanding, insisting obedience98. rivet: metal pin for fasten plates.to hold or fasten with or as if with rivetscf: glare, stare, fix99. feature: any of the noticeable parts of the facea man with Oriental featuresHer mouth is her worst feature / best feature, like a cherry.100. set in a mould:When you take a picture, you set your body, your countenance ...in a certain way. That is to set in a mould.(A lame one-eyed king taking a picture)mould (Am.E) = mould (Br.E): character, distinctive nature, a person's character, nature, etc., cons idered as having been shaped by family type, education, training, experience, etc.Be cast in a mould of a particular kind means to have the characteristics, attitudes, behaviour or lif estyle that are typical of that kind of personbe made / cast in mould ofHe is made in his father's mould. (He has the same personality and character as his father's)101. imperious: in tensely compelling, marked by arrogant assurance, dominating. This word is rel ated to imperial.The whole sentence can be paraphrased as follows:Her handsome high-cheekboned features were set in a way which shows her imperial character.102. respite: a short period of pause or rest, during a time of great effort pain, or trouble, a time of relief (as from labour, suffering or war) or delay (as before sentencing or executing).The patient said he never had any respite from the pain.Sentence sb. to death with 2-years' respite.103. bore: make a hole inThis machine can bore through solid rock.104. swallow: to take back, to keep from expressing or showing, to accept without questioning, pro test or resentmentto swallow one's words: take back what was said105. sullen: silently bad-tempered, unforgiving, dark, gloomylook sullen, to wear a sullen look106. comply: act according to a demand, order, ruleto comply with the law / regulations107. vacillation: hesitation, uncertainty, waver, continuous changing of one's opinionsThis word implies prolonged hesitation resulting from one's inability to reach a decisionHe vacillates between accepting & not accepting.The earthquake caused the entire house vacillate.108. dally: to waste time or be slowDon't dally or we'll be late.dally over one's work109. bulge: to swell out as a result of the pressure from within110. bead: small ball of glass or other material with a hole through it for a string worn with other ot hers on a thread, esp. round the neck for ornament.She is wearing a string of green beads.背景知识Background informationTitle of the novel: HotelSetting:The story happened in a hotel named St. Gregory /'greg ri/ in New Orleans, Louisiana which is in t he south of US.Main character of the novel:Peter McDermott, assistant general managerMain characters in this part of the novel:Ogilvie: chief house officerthe Duke of Croydon: newly appointed British ambassador to the United Statesthe Duchess of Croydon: wife of the Dukea prostitute called lady friend by OgilviePlot:Gregory was now at the brink of bankruptcy, but Peter McDermott is trying every means he could t o save it.Several events happened during the week with the present text as part of it.The Duke of Croydon was an internationally famous statesman and the newly appointed British a mbassador to Washington. They occupied the best suite of the hotel.Monday evening, the Duke went to the gambling house. Later, his wife pursued and found him. O n their way back, the car Jaguar knocked down a woman and her child. Both killed.Then we have the present text....At one o'clock Thursday morning, Ogilvie drove the car north. But he was seen leaving the hotel b y McDermott. Later in the afternoon, McDermott witnessed the funeral of the two victims of the accident. He suddenly realized the relation between these two events and contacted police.Ogilvie was caught in Tennessee and sent back to New Orleans.The Duke decided to go to the police to confess his crime (to surrender himself / to give himself up ). But he was hurled out the elevator due to the breakdown of it. He hit the cement ground and died insta ntly.Anyway, the novel had a pleasant ending.One of the guests, who looked old and sick, turned out to be a millionaire. Earlier he was seriously ill and was saved by McDermott and his girl friend. To show his gratitude and to repay the hotel staffs' k indness, he bought the hotel and appointed McDermott executive vice president of the hotel.This kind of novels are called thrillers. Generally defining, a thriller is a work of fiction or drama de signed to hold the interest by the use of a high degree of intrigue, adventure or suspense. (thrill: to caus e sudden strong feeling of joy, fear, excitement, pleasure etc. that seems to flow round the body like a w ave)Others can be called cop-criminal novels, detective novels. The main purpose is for entertainment, amusement. Very often this kind of novels contain a lot of action, usu. suspension, not very much deep thought, without moral intention, not considered classic.The basic technique is to make the whole story of crime into sth. like a jigsaw puzzle. You can not see the outcome until the final part is put in.文章结构Structural and stylistic analysisPart 1. PreludeThe chief house officer...Ogilvie remained standing {p.84 (old book, ditto)}.Section 1. The chief house officer...that both might return at any moment.The setting, main characters, and the suspension.Section 2. A wave of cigar smoke...Ogilvie remained standing.The preliminary encounter between the house detective and the Croydons.Part 2: Process of unveiling the crimeNow then...the Duchess turned away (p. 89).Section 1. Now then...Now we're getting somewhere (p. 86).First round of clash. the Duke confessed his crime.Section 2. Wearily, in a gesture...I can prove all I need to (p.87).Second round of clash. Ogilvie spelt out what he found out about the activity of the Croydons and t ried to confirm all the detailed. The Duchess tried to win back the upper hand.Section 3. The Duke cautioned...the Duchess turned away (p. 89).The Croydons realized that they were convicted of the crime. The conviction was undeniable.Part 3. The Dirty DealSection 1. Her husband asked...You people are hot (p.91).Eliminating the possibility of having the car repaired in New Orleans.The possibility of not being found.Section 2. The Duchess ...Or had they? (p. 93)The interior monologue of the Duchess. Her judgement, analysis and calculation of the situation, weighing the advantages and disadvantages, the pros and cons.Section 3. (The Duchess faced Ogilvie... the silence hung (p. 94)The Duchess' decision to gamble on the greed of the house detective.Section 4. The ending.The dirty deal reached.修辞学习RHETORICMetaphor:...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed... his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind. Her voice was a whiplash.eyes bored into himI’ll spell it out.Euphemism:...and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:won 100 at the tableslost it at the barthey'll throw the book,...Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongue。
高级英语大学英语教材全解
高级英语大学英语教材全解英语作为一门重要的语言，在全球范围内得到广泛的应用和学习。
对大学英语这门学科来说，拥有一本高级英语教材是必不可少的。
本文将为读者全解高级英语大学英语教材，帮助他们更好地掌握这门学科。
第一部分：语法解析高级英语教材的第一部分关注英语的语法知识。
下面我们将对其中的几个重要主题进行解析。
1.名词和代词：这一部分介绍名词和代词的基本概念以及它们在句子中的作用和用法。
通过学习名词和代词的不同形式和用法，学生可以更好地理解和运用它们。
2.动词时态和语态：这一部分涵盖了动词的各种时态和语态，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时等。
理解并正确运用不同的动词时态和语态对于形成正确的句子和表达准确的意思非常重要。
3.形容词和副词：本部分介绍形容词和副词的基本知识，包括比较级和最高级的用法以及修饰词的位置。
通过学习形容词和副词的用法，学生可以更准确地描述人、事物或情况。
第二部分：阅读和听力理解高级英语教材的第二部分着重培养学生的阅读和听力理解能力。
了解其主要内容有助于读者更好地掌握这门学科。
1.阅读理解：这一部分包括了各种不同类型的阅读材料，如新闻报道、文章和散文等。
学生需要通过阅读理解文本，回答相关问题，提高对英语材料的理解和应用能力。
2.听力理解：该教材还包含了一系列的听力材料，如对话、演讲和广播节目等。
通过听取这些材料，并回答相关问题，学生可以提高听力理解能力，更好地应对实际的语言环境。
第三部分：口语和写作高级英语教材的第三部分致力于培养学生的口语和写作能力。
以下是其中的几个重要内容。
1.口语表达：教材中包含了各种口语练习，如日常对话、辩论和演讲等。
通过这些练习，学生可以提高口语表达的流利度和准确性，增强与他人进行交流的能力。
2.写作技巧：教材中还包含了一些写作指导和例文，如议论文、说明文和应用文等。
通过学习这些技巧和范文，学生可以提高写作能力，能够更好地表达自己的观点和思想。
结语通过本文的全解，我们了解到高级英语大学英语教材的主要内容和目标。
高级英语第一册讲解
Defending War of Stalingrad
8
Crazy Attack
9
Lesson Five
Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R
2.Winston Churchill’s life career Early Life Winston Churchill was born on Nov.30,1874 at Blenheim Palace.He graduated from the Royal Military College at Sandhurst.Then he participated in the colonial wars and reported all these campaigns as a war correspondent. Young politiciHitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R 4.Figures of speech
The following are some of the rhetorical devices Churchill employed to make his speech vivid and powerful. 1)Periodic sentence The past ,with its crimes,its follies,and its tragedies,flashes away. 2)Rhetorical question But can you doubt what our policy will be?
2
Lesson Five
Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R
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Lesson one The Middle Eastern Bazaar一．Background information二．Brief overview and writing styleThis text is a piece of description. In this article, the author describes a vivid and live scene of noisy hilarity of the Middle Eastern Bazaar to readers. At first, he describes the general atmosphere of the bazaar. The entrance of the bazaar is aged and noisy. However, as one goes through the bazaar, the noise the entrance fades away. One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods gather in the same area. Then the author introduces some strategies for bargaining with the seller in the bazaar which are quite useful. After that he describes some impressive specific market of the bazaar particularly including the copper-smiths market, the carpet-market, the spice-market, the food-market, the dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenter’s market which honeycomb the bazaar. The typical animal in desert----camels----can also attract attention by their disdainful expressions. To the author the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar is the place where people make linseed oil. Hence he describes this complicated course with great details.The author’s vivid and splendid description takes readers back to hundreds of thousands of years age to the aged middle eastern bazaar, which gives the article an obvious diachronic and spatial sense. The appeal to readers’ visual and hearing sense throughout the description is also a marked feature of this piece of writing.In short, being a Westerner, the author views the oriental culture and civilization as old and backward but interesting and fantastic. Through careful observation and detailed comparison, the author depicts some new and original peculiarities of the Middle Eastern bazaar which are unique and distinguished.三．Detailed study of the textParagraph 1 the general atmosphere of the bazaar1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back…of years:1) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the ArabianPeninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.2) A bazaar is an oriental market-place where a variety of goods is sold. The word perhaps comesbazar.（中东和印度等的）集市，市场stones were aged and the economy was a handicraft economy which no longer existed in the West.2. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered…:1) is entered..: The present tense used here is called “historical present(历史现在时)”. It is usedfor vividness.2) Gothic: of a style of building in Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries, withpointed arches , arched roofs, tall thin pillars, and stained glass windows.3) aged: having existed long; very old3. You pass from the heat and glare of a big open square into a cool, dark cavern…:1) Here “the heat”is contrasted with “cool”, “glare”with “dark”, and “open square”with“cavern”.2) glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light, not so agreeable and welcome as “bright sunlight”.强光，耀眼的光3) “cavern” here does not really mean a cave or an underground chamber. From the text we cansee it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over them.is most disagreeable. But when you enter the gateway, you come to a long, narrow, dark street with some sort of a roof over it and it is cool inside.4. which extends as far as the eye can see:The word eye and ear are used in the singular not to mean the concrete organ of sight or hearing but something abstract; they are often used figuratively. Here the eye means man’s power of seeing or eyesight. E.g.1)She has an eye for beauty.2)The boy has a sharp eye.3)To turn a blind eye / a deaf ear to sth or sb.4)His words are unpleasant to the ear.5. losing itself in the shadowy distance…: shadowy suggests shifting illumination and distinct. E.g.A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods.（一条蜿蜒的小路隐没在树荫深处。
）6. Little donkeys …entering and leaving the bazaar:1) thread their way: the donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another.2) The word “entering” and “leaving” go with the word “throngs” which differs from “crowd” inthat it carries a stringer implication of movement and of pushing and a weaker implication of density.7. The roadway is about … of every conceivable kind are sold.1) roadway: the middle part of a road where vehicles drive摊位，售货亭8. The din …and makes you dizzy:1) din: loud, confused noise that continues 持续的嘈杂声2) The noun “din” is followed by three “of” phrases, thus a parallelism.3) The expression “crying one’s ware” is now considered old fashioned.Wares: rather literary, meaning articles for sale, usu. not in a shop.4）clear a way: to remove from (as a space) all that occupies or encumbers, or that impedes or restricts use, passage or action5… continues without interruption and makes you feel Paragraph 2 the sepulchral atmosphere of the cloth-market1.Then as you penetrate … muted cloth-market.1)penetrate: to pierce or pass into or through. The word is used here to indicate that you have topass through a big crowd in order to go deeper into the market.进入或穿过，透过2)Fade away: go slowly out of hearing, gradually disappear3)Muted: it is muted because the earthen floor deadens the sound of footsteps and people in themarket speak in low, soft tones.2.The earthen floor… any sounds to echo:1)earthen: made of earth2)beaten hard by countless feet: flattened by treading; which becomes flat and hard because it ismuch traveled3)deaden: to lessen or dull the sound of (footstep)4)the vaulted mud-brick walls and roof: Moslem style of architecture3.the shopkeepers speak in slow … follow suit.1)measured: steady, slow and deliberate; rhythmical2)sepulchral: [si p lk rl] Suggestive of the grave of burial; dismal, gloomy暗示着埋葬的;阴沉忧郁的3)follow suit: to do the same as someone else has done4)The buyers overcome by the grave-like atmosphere, also speak in slow, measured tones. Paragraph 3 shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods gather in the same area1.One of the peculiarities … persecution:1)peculiarities: characteristics2)collect: come together; gather3)knit: unite firmly and closely协会，行会paraphrase Shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods usually scatter themselves over the and prices.) But in the Middle Eastern Bazaar they come together in the same area in order to form a closely-knit guild against injustice or persecution (coming from, perhaps, the tax collectors and government officials).2.each open-fronted shop … for storage:1)open-fronted shop: the goods are displayed at the front of the shop, without any window ordoorway blocking the view.2) a trestle table for display: One displays anything that one spreads out for others to view or putsin a position where it can be seen to advantage or with great clearness so as to strike the eye.（放置木板、桌面、坐板等的）支架3.Bargaining is the order of the day: bargaining is the normal way of doing things(the) order of the day: that which is of the greatest general interest at a particular time；prevailing state of things, e.g.They failed to act since confusion was the order of the day at the headquarters.His period was a building age, when competition was the order of the day.4.veiled women … beating the price down:1)veiled women: according to Moslem custom women have to wear veils when they go out.2)to price: (colloquial) to ask the price of, e.g.3)narrow down their choice: reduce the number of their choice4)beat down: bargain with (seller), causing seller to lower (price)Paragraph 4 some strategies for bargaining with the seller1.It is a point of honor … the last moment.1) a point of honor: something considered important for one’s self-respect(指关系到面子和自尊的重要事情)2)what it is: “what it is” means “which (thing) in particular”. The word “it is” are added to showemphasis.2.yield little: refuse to reduce the price by any significant amount3.The seller … makes a point of protesting that …:1)protesting: insisting, affirming strongly2)to make a point of doing sth: regard or treat it as necessary, e.g.Paraphrase The seller thinks it is necessary for him to declare that the price he is asking makes itimpossible for him to gain any profit.4.he is sacrificing this …regard for the customer: He is selling the thing at less than its costbecause he respects the customer.5.with customers coming and going at intervals: the customer bargains for some time, then leaves(hoping to frighten the seller that he might lose the customer) and comes back again after a period of time and carries on the bargaining.Paragraph 5 detailed description of the copper-smith’s market1.One of the most … copper-smiths’ market:1）picturesque: striking, vivid2）impressive: deeply impressing mind or senses, esp. so as to cause approval or admiration2.As you approach it … on your ear.:1)tinkling: a succession of light, ringing sounds (e.g. of a small bell)2)banging: hit violently, to make a loud noise （e.g. to bang a door）3)clashing: make a loud, broken, confused noise (as when metal objects strike together) (e.g.swords clash, the clashing of cymbals4)impinge (on): have an effect (on); strike3.It grows louder and more distinct:1)it: the tinkling and banging and clashing2)distinct: not only clear, but easily heard, clearly marked, distinguished apart from other sounds 4.until you round a corner … lamps and braziers:1)round: make a turn about2)dancing flashes: quick bright lights moving up and downThe dancing flashes are reflections of the (unsteady) lights from the lamps and5.hammering away at copper vessels of all shapes and sizes: away means continuously, constantlye.g.working, laughing, muttering away6.take a hand (in sth): help, play a part (in sth) e.g.Don’t fool around, come and take a hand in the cleaning.7.the red of the live coals … to the strokes of the bellows:1)live: adj. burning or glowinga live bomb (unexploded)It was a live broadcast, not a recording.2)red: here it refers to the red light ( of the burning coals)；as an accompaniment forand dim as the coals burn Paragraph 6 different styles of the household utensils1. Here you can find … and strictly functional:1) intricate: a specific word, meaning the design are of interwinding or interlacing parts“ ornamental”Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls with fine, complicated and traditional not have any decoration on them and are strictly designed to serve useful purposes.Paragraph 7 about the carpet-market, the spice-market, the food-market, the dye-market, the pottery-market1. Elsewhere … and yet harmonious:1) profusion: plenty; great or too great amount2) rich: (color) deep, strong and beautiful3) varied: it implies more than “different”; it stresses the idea of full of changes of variety, having numerous forms or types4) texture: arrangement of threads etc. in textile fabric, characteristic feel due to thisare very complicated, showing all the details yet having all the different parts combined in a pleasing and satisfactory arrangement.2. exotic smells: Exotic means not only foreign, but also out of the ordinary, strikingly or excitingly different or unusual. It is used to describe something which is very pleasing either to the mind or sense.3. “sumptuous dinner” is contrasted with “humble meal”. Sumptuous: rich and costly, suggesting lavish expenditure e.g. a ~ banquet, furnishingHumble: (of things) poor, mean4.in the maze … honeycomb this bazaar:1)maze: a set of intricate windings5.every here and there: every now and again; at one place or another6. a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard:1)glimpse: a quick, imperfect view of sth2) Now and again through a doorway you’ll be able to catch a brief view of a sunlit courtyard.7. where camels lie … beside them:’s notice; treat with scornParagraph 8 the making of linseed oil1. It is a vast somber cavern of a room: a room that is like a vast somber cavern1) The use of implied comparison and the noun “cavern” instead of the adj.“cavernous” makes the description more vivid. E.g.He was a tyrant of a landlord.They lived in a palace ( match-box) of a house.Before him stood a little shrimp of a fellow.2)somber: partially deprived of light or brightness; dark; gloomy2. dim: lack of clarity of outline or physical things or mental ones3. a huge pole compare with a vast cavernHuge commonly suggests immensity of bulk. E.g. a huge mass of eartha huge leather bellowVast suggests immensity of extent. E.g. a vast expanse of the skyChina is a populous country with a vast territory.When used figuratively, huge stresses the greatness of a person’s (or thing’s) capacity. Vast stresses a thing’s range, scope or variety, as well as extent. E.g.a huge eater a vast knowledge, interests4. a blind-folded camel… walks constantly in a circle:1) blind-folded: with eyes bandaged2) constantly means continuously, stressing firmness, steadiness and devotionEndlessly stresses weariness and tediousness and monotony.5. which is then pressed to extract the oil: extract means obtain from a substance by any chemical or mechanical operation, as by pressure, distillation,etc.6.in superb condition … muscular, massive and stately.1)superb: (colloq.) of very high quality, excellent2)muscular: having well-developed muscles; strong, suggestive of great physical strength肌肉发达的，强健的3)massive: large and imposing or impressive大而重的4)stately: the camel walks in a slow, deliberate and dignified pace, hence stately庄严的paragraph 9 how to extract oil1. The pressing … and their stone wheels:1) ramshackle: shaky, unsteady; likely to go to pieces, as from age or neglect2) apparatus: an integrated assembly of tools, instrument etc, used for a specific purpose3) Note the use of tower and dwarf and the mental picture the author wants to create.tower: reach high (above or over surroundings)dwarf: make look small by contrast or distance2. The machine is operated by one man:The stress is on one, meaning not two or three men. If it is a man, then the stress is on man, meaning not a woman or a boy.3. who shovels … in motion:1)nimble: moving or acting quickly and lightly; light and quick in motion敏捷的2) a dizzy height: so high that it causes giddiness; that it makes people have a kind of whirlingsensation3)throw one’s weight on to : use all one’s strength to press down4)set … in motion: get … going; get … operating4. Ancient girders（大梁，主梁）creak and groan … a used petrol can:1)ancient: not only old, but also old-fashioned and antiquated2)creak: (make a ) sound like that of an unoiled door-hinge, or badly-fitting floorboards whentrodden on3)groan: (make a) sound like that caused by the movement of wood or metal parts heavily loaded4)trickle: a slow, small flow ( of liquid)5)ooze: give forth steadily (moisture)6)runnel: a small channel7)used: no longer new; second-hand5. quickly the trickle …. And sighs of the camels:1)glisten: (esp. of wet or polished surface, tear-filled eyes) shine brightly, sparkle2)Compare: dancing flashes vs. live coal glowing brightFlash : sudden and transient outburst of flame or lightGlow: send out brightness or warmth without flamee.g. a flash of lightning (fig.) a flash of wit; hope; inspiration3) taut and protesting: The ropes are drawn tight and the ancient girders creak and groan.4) its creaks: “its” stands for the overhead apparatus or the beam5) squeaking: making short, deep, rough sound like that of a hog6) rumble: (make a ) deep, heavy continuous sound7) grunt: a high-pitched, nasal-sounding cryLesson Two Hiroshima — the “Liveliest” City in JapanWriting styleThis text is a piece of narration, the telling of a story. A good narration has a beginning, a middle and an end. In a narrative writing, the actions or the incidents, events are generally presented in order of their occurrence, following the natural time sequence of the happenings, that is, in chronological order. But it can also start in the middle or at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings. This is called flashback.There are three basic components of a narration:Plot: the frame of the writing, which consists of a series of events. There are usu. one or several climaxes, the highest point of the story, with suspensions, conflicts, to arouse the interest of the audience. After the climax is reached, the story quickly moves to a conclusion.Characters: the leading character is called the hero or protagonist.Background: the time and place of the storyThe plot usually dominates narration, however, some narratives focus on character or theme or atmosphere.This text takes the changes of the author’s thoughts and feelings as the order of the whole excerpt. The author tells us his experience of his journey in Hiroshima and what he has seen and felt and understood there. The most-used pattern of narration is narrating and describing. Apart from the main clue of the author’s thoughts and feelings, he also spices this piece with some typical description of the characteristics of the Japanese nation, and at the same time he emphasizes the co-existence and struggle of the Eastern and Western culture. As the comment in the narration is always its golden-stone which directly gives opinion and judgment of the narrated content, this text is no exception. At the end of this excerpt, the author makes some comments which echo with the title, thus makes the whole passage a smooth and natural entirety.Structural AnalysisPart I: (para 1.) The ArrivalPart II: (para 2-7) Way to City HallPart III: (para 8-28) Meeting the MayorPart IV: (para 29-end) At the HospitalDetailed study of the textParagraph 11.Hiroshima—the “Liveliest”City in Japan: The word “liveliest”is put in quotation marks toshow that this is what the city is said to be and the writer perhaps considers it ironic to use the word “liveliest” to describe a city that had been atomized.2.“Hiroshima! Everybody off!”Everybody should now get off the train. These words werechanted by the stationmaster to inform the passengers that the train had arrived at its terminal destination and all passengers were to detrain.3.That must be … slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station:1)Must here expresses strong probability as the author did not understand Japanese and couldnot have been sure.2)slipped to a stop: came to a stop smoothly and effortlessly, in a gliding mannerCf. slide, slip, glide, coastSlide implies accelerated motion without loosing contact with the slippery surface. 滑动，暗含加速地在光滑的表面上滑行the drops sliding from a lifted oar(Theodore Roethke).“水滴从抬起的桨上滑下来”（西奥多·勒特克）Slip often suggests involuntary rather than voluntary, sometimes even definitely implying a loss of footing and a fall. 无意中，不知不觉地滑动而不是自发地移动，有时表示因为失足而跌倒He slipped on a patch of ice and sprained his ankle.他在一块冰上滑了一跤，扭伤了脚踝。