高级英语课文修辞总结
高级英语第三版第一册1-6课修辞汇总
高级英语第三版（1-6课除去5）修辞汇总Metaphor （暗喻）1.We can battle down and ride it out.2.Wind and rain now whipped the house.3.Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi.4.As a result the nerves of both duke and duchess were excessively frayed when themuted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded.5.His wife shot him a swift, warning glance.6.…anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials inU.S. history.7.By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 people had taken on acircus atmosphere.8.The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with ricketystands selling hot…9.After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to make his openingstatement.10.The crowed seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels withthe hot breath of his oratory as he should have.11.…who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.12.The geographic core, in Twain’s early years, was the great valley of theMississippi River, main in artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart. 13.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silverfever in Nevada's Washoe region.14.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and thepersistent, and was rebuffed.15.From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging hisway to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.16.He boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopefulyoung writers.17.Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles, but he had…Simile(明喻)1.and the group heard gun-like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated.Water rose above their ankles.2.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.3.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away.4.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown-down power linescoiled like black spaghetti over the roads.5.Telephone poles and 2O-inoh-thiok pines cracked like suns as the winds snapped.6. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire.Personification(拟人)1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off thehouse and skimmed it 40feet through the air.2.America laughed with him.3.Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laughTransferred Epithet(移就)1.Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from theirspectacular vantage point。
高级英语课文修辞总结讲课稿
高级英语课文修辞总结高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课）第一课Face to Face With Hurricane CamilleSimile:1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire)2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train)Metaphor :1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea)2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.)Personification :1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)2. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 1/2miles away. (The hurricane acted as a very strong man lifting something very heavy and dumping it 3 1/2 miles away.). Ⅺ.Elliptical and short simple sentences generally increase the tempo and speed of the actions being described. Hence in a dramatic narration they serve to heighten tension and help create a sense of danger and urgency. For examples see the text, paragraphs 10-18 and 21-26.Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan“Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)…as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop...…where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.At last this intermezzo came to an end…But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others.Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in JapanI felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skycrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima wasrepeated .(synecdoche)Was I not at the scene of the crime? (rhetorical question) Lesson 3 BlackmailMetaphor:...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed...his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplash.eyes bored into himI’ll spell it out.Euphemism:...and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:won 100 at the tableslost it at the barthey'll throw the book,...Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongueLesson 41) The trial that rocked the world (hyperbole)2) Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder (transferred epithet)3) The case had erupted round my head (synecdoche)4) Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted (ridicule)5) and it is a mighty strong combination (sarcasm)6) until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century (irony)7) There is some doubt about that.(sarcasm)8) "The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below"(antithesis)9) "His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world." (hyperbole)10) Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fanlike a sword to repel his enemies. (ridicule，simile)11) Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.(ridicule)12) Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. " (oxymoron )第五课The many metaphors and similes in the essay are largely ap propritately used in describing the ugliness of Westmoreland County.For example, in para. 3 the metaphor of comparing the houses there to pigs wallowing in the mud~ the metaphor in the same para. of comparing the patches of paint to dried up scales formed by a skin disease~and the simile in para. 2 as shown in the sentence "one blinks ... shot away", the sim ile in the same para. as shown in the sentence "a steel stadi um ~ -- the line", just to mention a few. Hyperboles are profusely used in the essay. They are mostly very effective in conveying what the author had to say. In para. 1, we read the sentence "Here waswealth ... alley cats", exaggerating the richness and grandeur of this region and of America as a whole, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earthin para. 5 we read "It is as if ... of them", which implies exaggeratedly that it is as if some genius of great power, who didn' t like to do the right things and who was an inflexible enemy of man, em ployed all the cleverness and skill of hell tobuild these ugly houses;and again in para. 2 there is the sentence "What al lude to " in sight", which suggests an exaggeration that is hard to believe. Not every house could have been that ugly.Lesson 6 Mark Twain --- Mirror of AmericaMetaphor:Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up... When railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Twain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.America laughed with him.Personification:...to literature's enduring gratitude...the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are.. ...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever Euphemism:… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy....men's final release from earthly struggleAlliteration...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home ...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeLesson 7 Everyday Use for your grandmama“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangerosaid ,laughing .(ironic)“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile)…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …(metaphor) And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration)Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. (simile)Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor) I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throwsout .(exaggeration)Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. (simile)It is like an extended living room. (simile)Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. (simile)She gasped like a bee had stung her.(simile)Wangero said, sweet as a bird. (simile)精品文档Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? (rhetorical question)You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor)收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除。
高级英语修辞总结
Rhetorical Devices一、明喻simile是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现;常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇;2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me likea spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去;3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的;二、隐喻metaphor这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的;1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来;2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心;三、Allusion暗引其特点是不注明来源和出处,一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组,将其融合编织在作者的话语中;引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等;英语引用最多的是源出圣经故事以及希腊、罗马神话、伊索寓言和那些源远流长的谚语、格言等;例如：1、Grammar may be his heel of Achilles.语法是他的大弱点;Achilles是希腊神话中的一位勇士;除了脚踵处,他身上其他地方刀枪不入;2、The project is an economic albatross from the start.这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题;Albatross是英国诗人柯勒律治的古舟子咏中的信天翁,它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后,全船陷入灾难中;四、提喻synecdoche又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象;例如：1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.长城不仅是用石头和土建造的,而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的;句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”巨大的牺牲2、“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...”……他说这是世界上最美的语言;这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”;3、Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the . team.很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘;这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”;五、转喻/借代metonymy是指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种;1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them... 几年以后,他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们;“word”在这里代替了“news, information”消息、信息2、Al spoke with his eyes, “yes”.艾尔用眼睛说,“是的”;“说”应该是嘴的功能,这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”;六、拟人personification这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一;1、Necessity is the mother of invention.需要乃是发明之母;2、She is the favoured child of Fortune她是幸运之宠儿;两句中名词mother和child通常用于人,而这里分别用于无生命的名词invention 和Fortune,使这两个词拟人化了;七、夸张hyperbole这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果;1、My blood froze. 我的血液都凝固了;2、When I told our father about this, his heart burst.当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时,他的心几乎要迸出来;3、My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’s voice on the phone.从电话里一听到我女儿的声音,我的心几乎停止跳动;八、Understatement: 含蓄陈述It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement.1、 It is no laughing matter.九、双关语pun是以一个词或词组,用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来,以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果;Napoleon was astonished. ”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both,sir”cried the Swede proudly.“Both”一词一语双关,既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子,又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役;十、讽刺irony是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效果;Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.啊,当然,我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子;店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客：像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢名为“gentlemen”实则“beg gar”而已;十一、Euphemism委婉修辞法就是用转弯抹角的说法来代替直截了当的话,把原来显得粗鲁或令人尴尬的语言温和、含蓄地表达出来;这在汉语中叫委婉语;例如：用sanitation engineer替代garbage man清洁工用the disadvantaged替代the poor穷人用industrial action替代strike罢工十二、Transferred epithet移就/转类形容词是采用表示性质和特征的形容词或相当于形容词的词来修饰、限定与它根本不同属性的名词;这种修辞手法能与汉语中的移就基本相似;例如：The doctor's face expressed a kind of doubting admiration.用"疑惑"修饰限定"钦佩"医生的脸上流露出钦佩而又带有疑惑的神情;十三、矛盾修辞法Oxymoron用两种不相调和,甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事物,在矛盾中寻求哲理,以便收到奇警的修辞效果,这就是矛盾修辞法,用这种方法,语言精炼简洁,富有哲理,并产生强大的逻辑力量,产生一种出人意料,引人入胜的效果;例如：in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos混乱 and proud humility侮辱.十四、仿拟Parody根据家喻户晓的成语或谚语,临时更换其中的某个部分,造成新的成语或谚语；或者根据古今名言警句,在保持其原句不变的情况下,更换其中部分词语,这种修辞方式叫仿拟;1、To lie or not to lie-the doctor's dilemma撒谎还是不撒谎——医生的难题看到这个标题,我们不禁想起莎翁戏剧Hamlet中那个永远也解不透的句子“To be or not to be, that is the question”;显然,文章的题目由此模仿而来,给人印象深刻;2、Lady hermits who are down but not out穷困而不潦倒的女隐士们文中的down but not out 源于down and out,原是拳击比赛的术语,后来喻指穷困潦倒的人;十五、Antithesis 对句、平行对照它是把意义相反或相对的语言单位排列在平行、对称的结构里,以求取一种匀称的形式美和强烈的对照感;Antithesis 有两个特点:一是语义上的对照性,二是结构上的对称性;因此, 该辞格可看作是Parallelism平行与Contrast 对照的结合,故译作“平行对照”;体现Antithesis 的语言单位可分为两个层次,即词语和句子, 所以又将Antithesis 译为“对语”、“对句”;英语Antithesis 形式整齐对称,音律节奏铿锵,内容既适于反衬对照,又适于重复强调,在形、音、义各方面都具有鲜明的修辞功能;Antithesis 的使用能揭示事物的矛盾性,对照的语句往往说得巧妙机智,寓意深刻,蕴含着某种人生的哲理或真谛,常见于英语谚语、名言、演说及文学作品中;例如: 1、Knowledge makes humble , ignorance makes proud. Proverb有知使人谦卑, 无知使人骄矜;2、A pessimist is one who makes difficulties of his opportunities ; an optimist is onewho makes opportunities of his difficulties.悲观的人把机会变成困难; 乐观的人将困难化为机会;3、Ask not what your country can do for you —ask what you can do for your country. John Kennedy: Inaugural Address不要问国家能为你们做些什么,而要问你们能为国家做些什么;上述两个例句体现了一种特殊的Antithesis ,句中同样采用“交错配列法”,用词巧妙,交叉重复,前后对照,含义隽永;十六、头韵法alliteration头韵是一种语音修辞方式,它指在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组,其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音,以增强语言的节奏感;常用于文章的标题、诗歌及广告语中,简明生动,起到突出重点,加深印象,平衡节奏,宣泄感情的作用;How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.十七、拟声onomatopoeia是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音,其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力;1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着;2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的吱嗄声呀,亲人的说话声呀;十八、Epigram: 警句It states a simple truth pithily有利地 and pungently强烈地. It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling., save the poor, feel for the poor.十九、Climax: 渐进It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly.came, I saw, I conquered.二十、Chiasmus回文、交错法两个排比结构中第二个所用的修辞上的倒装She went to Paris; to New York went he.二十一、Paradox似非而是的隽语这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法消极修辞Passive Rhetoric Techniques 和积极修辞Active~积极修辞Active Rhetoric Techniques有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧;常见分类如下：1．词义修辞格Lexical Stylistic Devicesmetaphor比喻, metonymy借代, personification拟人, irony反语, hyperbole夸张,understatement低调, euphemism委婉语, contrast对照, oxymoron矛盾修辞法,transferred epithet移就, pun双关, parody仿拟, paradox隽语2．结构修辞格Syntactical Stylistic Devicesrepetition反复, , chiasmus回文, parallelism平行结构, antithesis对句, rhetoric question设问, anticlimax突降,climax 渐进3．音韵修辞格Phonetic Stylistic Devicesalliteration头韵, onomatopoeia拟声高级英语第五册修辞1. Allusion:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. a biblical allusion: the 1ion and the lamb shall lie down together; every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraidL5-64: We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak… An implied allusion to Robin Hood, whose trysting place was undera huge oak tree in Sherwood Forest.L5-138: I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. L10-8: Overnight… surreal episodes…a sword of Damocles2. Parody:L10-25: Is our democracy… of libertyThis is a parody of a line in Patrick Henry’s speech: “Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery ”3. Metonymy:L4-1: No demand was made upon the family purse. “purse” stands for moneyL4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. Butcher’s bills stand for meat bought from a butcher.L5-23: She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions. But 1 was not one to let my heart rule my head. to let my heart rule my head: Metonymy. “Heart”stands for “feelings and emotions” and “head” for “reason and good sense”.L5-105: …surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation. X-rays stand for X-rays photographsL10-2: Anthrax panic… chambers “Congress” stands for its members4. Synecdoche:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.city hall the naming of a part to mean the whole. Here, the naming of the building for thegovernmentL4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. bread and butter: This set phrase means food and the mostimportant and basic things.5. Transferred epithet:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. the tragic wallsL5-40: I said with a mysterious wink… the wink was not mysteriousL7-6: our bare upper bodies touching and shining with anticipatory sweat In “anticipatory sweat”, the adjective “anticipatory “ is atransferred epithet.L7-25: He kept coming, bringing the rank sharp violence of stale sweat. the rank sharp violence: Logically rank and sharp modify “stale sweat”, not “violence”.6. Oxymoron:L12-16: And any man or woman… chalice of Fame. willingly drinking the poisoned chalice7. Hyperbole:L5-5: It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. exaggerating for effectL5-50: …he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. It’s an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”L5-135: You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.L5-135: I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.8. Understatement or litotes:L5-61: This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first 1 was tempted to give her back to Petey. no small dimensions9. Contrast:L3-22: A contrast is made between old Shanghai and Shanghai in the 1990s.L8-3: While Oppenheimer was interrupting…. had invented the subject. an implied contrastL10-25: How do we… poiseparanoia vs. poise10. Antithesis:L1-5: As long as. . . can never be free. mind vs. body, enslaved vs. freeL1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. psychological freedom vs. physical slaveryL1-7: …love is identified…denial of love 1ove vs. power, a resignation of power vs. denial of loveL1-19: For through violence…but you can’t murder hate. You may murder a murderer but you can’t murder murder.L1-25: outer city of wealth and comfort vs. inner city of poverty and despair; wealth vs. poverty economic;comfort vs. despairmood, psychologydark yesterdays vs. bright tomorrows;segregated schools vs. integrated educationon the basis of the content of their character vs. on the basis of the color of their skincontentsubstance vs. color superficialcharacterfundamental vs. skin outward appearanceL1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow.dark yesterday VS. bright tomorrowL5-27: It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.beautiful dumb vs. ugly smartL5-50: Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.Desire waxing vs. resolution waningL5-153: Look at me—a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey—a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Brilliant, intellectual and assured vs. knot-head, jitterbug and never know where his next meal is coming from”11. Epigram:L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality.12. Paradox:L1-18: Without recognizing this…that don’t explain.paralleled paradoxes: solutions that don’t solveanswers that don’t answerexplanations that don’t explainL1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. to make a way out of no way13. Chiasmus:L1-9: It is precisely this collision… of our times. immoral power vs. powerless moralityL6-6: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.14. Anaphora:L1-25: let us be dissatisfied…15. Onomatopoeia:L3-14: click。
高级英语修辞总结完整版
高级英语修辞总结HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。
引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。
高级英语修辞手法总结(最常考)
英语修辞手法1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如：1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewedand digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
高级英语修辞总结
高级英语修辞总结Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。
引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。
英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些源远流长的谚语、格言等。
例如：1、Grammar may be his heel of Achilles.语法是他的大弱点。
(完整word版)高级英语各单元修辞
英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。
明喻的表达方法是：A像B。
2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。
喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。
暗喻又叫隐喻。
例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。
（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》）3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。
4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。
就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。
5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。
夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。
6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。
转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。
转喻又称换喻，或借代。
9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。
10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。
高级英语修辞总结
Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile ）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wi nd like slim fin gers reach ing to touch someth ing.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻（metaphor ）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、Allusi on （暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。
引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。
英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些源远流长的谚语、格言等。
例如：1、Grammar may be his heel of Achilles.语法是他的大弱点。
高级英语 1-9 课 修辞整理
Unit 1*Metaphor:dark cavern, fairyland, maze, honeycomb, etcform a closely knit guild...*Simile:a vast somber cavern of a room*Onomatopoeia: 拟声法，象声词creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashing*Personification:The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back...dancing flashesThe beam sinks…taut and protestingThe camels are the largest and finest I have seen, and in superb condition —— muscular, massive and stately*Hyperbole:takes you ...hundreds even thousands of yearsevery conceivable, innumerable lamps, incredibly young, with the dust of centuriesUnit 2*Metaphor：I had a lump in my throatAt last this intermezzo came to an end...I was again crushed by the thought......when the meaning ... sank in, jolting me...*Metonymy: In Latin, meta means change while onyma means name, so metonymy means the change of name. Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. This substituted name may be an attribute of that other thing or be closely associated with it. In other words, it involves a change of name.e.g.She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. He took to the bottle.Metonymy can be derived from various sources:a. Names of personsUncle Sam: the USAb. Animalsthe bear: the Soviet Unionthe dragon : the Chinese (a fight between the bear and the dragon)c. Parts of the bodyheart: feelings and emotionshead, brain: wisdom, intelligence, reasongrey hair: old aged. Profession:the press: newspapers, reporters etc.He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel.the bar: the legal professione. location of government, business etc.Downing Street: the British Governmentthe White House: the US president and his governmentthe Capital Hill: US CongressWall Street: US financial circlesHollywood: American filmmaking industry课文中的例句：...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirtI thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact*Euphemism: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest sth unpleasanteg:He was sentenced to prison---He is now living at the government's expenses.The boy is a bit slow for his age.to go to heaven---deadto go to the bathroom, do one's business, answer the nature's call。
高级英语部分课文修辞讲解
1.metaphor暗喻slips and slidesthe sinister corridor of our age… and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concernThe conversation was on wings.When E.M.F orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...…who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.…main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart.my case would snowball into...our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...… had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…No one,... that may case would snowball into......our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones....champion had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed…his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplasheyes bored into himI’ll spell it out.original sinwe saw how hun gry the American people….racial lens…whitest populations firestormvessel2. sarcasm反讽The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation.3. simile明喻They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imaginedT om’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence....swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...4. metonymy转喻Is the phrase in Shakespeare?...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe…but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax....tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...The Christian believes that man came from above. ...belowwon 100 at the tableslost it at the barthey'll throw the book,...jarring to the untrained ear5.alliteration头韵法They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone.Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation....the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...It was a splendid population –for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.It was that population…and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences‖color and creedthe greatness and the goodness of our nationtrials and triumphs…unique and universal…stories and songs…struggles and successes, the bitterness and biases6. elliptical sentence省略句The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.7.transferred epithet 移就Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.Cheerful money, suicidal sky, sleepless nightInstantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette.8. synecdoche(提喻)Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuousThis wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.Keelboats,...carried the first major commerce.the case had erupted round my head9.hyperbole夸张法...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters…--- a cosmos.The trial that rocked the worldThe trial that rocked the world His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.10.onomatopoetic words symbolism拟声词的象征意义As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.11. Personification拟人life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.12.Antithesis对照...between what people claim to be and what they really are......took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever…of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.…a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.The christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.we may have different stories, but we hold common hopes; we may not look the same and we may not have come from the same place, but we all want to move in the same direction.I’ve gone to some of the best schools in America and lived in one of the world’s poorest nations.that elevates what is wrong with America above all that we know is right wit h America.kindness and cruelty; the fierce intelligence and the shocking ignorance,13. Euphemism委婉语...men's final release from earthly struggleHe tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confiderate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man’s final release from ear thly struggles...and you took a lady friend....and you took a lady friend.14. Sarcasm讥讽…I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating.…one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler man in a night.There is some doubt about that. And it is a mighty strong combination.15. Assonance:类音，类韵,半谐音when bigots lighted faggots to burn...16. RepetitionThe truth always wins...the truth...the truth...17. Ironymarching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryHiroshima---the liveliest city in the worldAfter a while,it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until weare marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.18. oxymoron （矛盾修辞法）orderly chaos ;a living death; tearful joy; poor rich guys; a love-hate relationshipDudley Field Malene called my conviction a , “victorious defeat”Dark light , living dead , new classic , old news, open secret19. Ridicule嘲笑Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted ... Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.20. Pun双关DARVIN IS RIGHT-------INSIDE.21. Onomatopoeia:拟声词appreciative chuckleclucked his tongue22.Parallelism…to continue the long march of those who came before us, a march for a more just, more equal, more free, more caring and more prosperous America.I have brothers, sisters, nieces, nephews, uncles and cousins, of every race and every hue…23. The use of pronounsThe use of pronouns such as we, us, our, I, me, my, indicates how much responsibility the speaker wants to assume for an idea。
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳修辞是语言使用中的重要技巧，通过巧妙运用各种修辞手法，能使语言表达更为生动、有力或富有韵味。
以下是对常见的高级英语修辞手法的总结归纳：一、隐喻与明喻隐喻是将一个词或短语用来暗示另一个事物，而明喻则是直接将一个事物与另一个事物进行比较。
例如，“他像一只狮子一样勇猛”（明喻）和“爱情是一座城堡”（隐喻）。
二、拟人及拟物拟人是赋予非生物或抽象事物以人的特性，而拟物则是赋予人或动物以非生物的特性。
例如，“河流唱着轻快的歌曲”（拟人）和“他的怒火如野兽般狂暴”（拟物）。
三、排比与对偶排比是将三个或以上结构相似、意义相近的词、短语或句子并列使用，以增强语势。
对偶则是将意义相对或相反的词、短语或句子进行对比，以突出主题。
例如，“生命在于运动，死亡在于静止”（对偶）和“他跨越了山岭，穿越了沙漠，走过了平原”（排比）。
四、反复与交错反复是将相同的词、短语或句子重复使用，以强调某种情感或主题。
交错则是将不同的词、短语或句子相互交替使用，以达到特定的表达效果。
例如，“永远、永远、永远不要放弃”（反复）和“是与否，对与错”（交错）。
五、借代与提喻借代是用一个事物的某一部分来代替整体或其他部分，而提喻则是用整体来代替某一部分或用类属来代替个体。
例如，“我要用笔墨写下永恒”（借代）和“人是一本书”（提喻）。
六、反讽与戏谑反讽是通过说反话或正话反说来达到讽刺的效果，戏谑则是用幽默诙谐的语言来戏弄或嘲笑某人或某事。
例如，“他是一个天生的傻瓜”（反讽）和“爱情是人生的蜜糖”（戏谑）。
七、矛盾修辞法矛盾修辞法是将相互矛盾的概念或形象结合在一起，以引起读者的思考或表达复杂的情感。
例如，“孤独的狂欢”，“死亡的生命”。
八、头韵与脚韵头韵是使用相同或相似的音韵开头，脚韵是使用相同或相似的音韵结尾。
例如，“美丽的美女”（头韵）和“生活是一首歌”（脚韵）。
九、夸张与弱化夸张是通过夸大事实或形象来强调某种情感或主题，弱化则是通过缩小事实或形象来淡化某种情感或主题。
高英修辞总结
高英修辞总结Unit 1 Where Do I Go from Here?1.Antithesis:1)···so that love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial oflove.2)As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (mind vs. body, enslaved vs.free)3)Let us be dissatisfied until···will be judged on the basis of content of their characterand not on the basis of the color of their skin.4)There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed into thefatigue of despair.5)Let us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterday of segregated schools will be transformedinto bright tomorrow.2.Parallel structure:1)The tendency to ignore the Negro’s contribution to American life and to strip himof his personhood is as old as the earlier history books and as contemporary as themorning’s newspaper. (Para.5)2)Let us realize that William Cullen Bryant is right: “Truth crushed to```” Let us goout to realizing that···3.Metaphor：1)The negro will only be free when he reaches···and signswith the pen and ink ofassertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation2)We are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life’s marketplace.3)Personal conflicts among husbands，wives and children will diminish when theunjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.4)Let us be dissatisfied until slums are cast into the junk heaps pf history, and everyfamily is living in a decent sanitary home.5)He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks thedoor to the meaning of ultimate reality.6)There will be still rocky places of frustration and meandering points ofbewilderment.7) A high blood pressure of creeds8)The battering rams4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is powercorrecting everything that stands against love.------Parallel structure and Antithesis5.It is something like improving the food in the prison which the people remain securelyincarcerated behind bars.------ simile6.Without recognizing this we will end up solutions that don’t solve, answers that don’t answerand explanations that don’t explain.-------Paradox and Parallel structure7.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against thelong night of physical slavery.-----Metaphor(compare the long history of slavery to a long night)、Antithesis (psychological freedom vs. physical slivery)8.Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfortand the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice.1)Transferred epithet: “tragic walls”2)Antithesis: “the outer city of wealth and comfort”vs.“the inner city of poverty anddespair”3)Metaphor: “the battering rams of the forces of justice”9. Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall, justice will roll down like waters andrighteousness like a might stream.1)Synecdoche: “city hall”2)Metaphor: “waters”10. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when the lion and the lamb shall lie down together, and every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid.----biblical allusion (总体上，从12-17 parallel structure：均以“Let u s be dissatisfied until”开头。
高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞整理
高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞整理
修辞（Rhetoric）是指修词造句的艺术，旨在使文章表达更加
生动、准确。
在英语写作中，修辞手法的运用可以为文本增添色彩
并强化文章逻辑。
以下是本文对高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞手
法的整理：
1. 比喻（Metaphor）：通过将两种不同的事物进行比较来强化
表达。
例：“你是我的太阳”（You are my sunshine）。
2. 拟人（Personification）：将非人事物拟人化，使其表现出人
类的特性。
例：“阳光明媚”（The sunshine smiled upon us）。
3. 讽刺（Irony）：用反语强调与实际相反的意思。
例：“我今
天看起来真好看，唯一的问题是我感冒了”（I look amazing today. The only problem is that I have a cold.）。
6. 借代（Metonymy）：用一个相关的单词或短语来替代原文，起到简洁的效果。
例：“冠军”（champion）代表整个团队获胜。
7. 倍受争议的说法（Euphemism）：用含蓄、委婉和微妙的词语或说法来表达直接或难以接受的事情。
例：“真是一个有趣的人”（He is quite a character）。
以上是高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞手法整理，希望对大家的英语写作有所帮助。
高级英语修辞手法总结
英语修辞手法１、Simｉle明喻明喻就是将具有共性得不同事物作对比、这种共性存在于人们得心里,而不就是事物得自然属性.标志词常用liｋｅ, ａs, seem, as if, ａs thｏugｈ, ｓｉmiｌar tｏ, ｓuch ａs 等。
例如:1>。
He waｓlｉke aｃｏｃk wｈo tｈouｇｈｔtｈe sunｈad ｒｉsｅｎto heａr ｈim crｏｗ、2＞、I ｗaｎdereｄlonely aｓa clouｄ。
3＞。
Eｉnstｅin oｎly had a blaｎkｅｔon, ａs iｆｈe had jｕst walkeｄｏu ｔoｆaｆairy tale、2。
Metaｐhor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻就是简缩了得明喻,就是将某一事物得名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1〉。
Ｈｏpe ｉｓa gｏod breaｋｆast, but ｉｔiｓ a badｓupｐｅr、２＞.Soｍe books are to be tasｔed, otｈｅrsｓwallowed, ａndｓome few ｔo beｃhewｅd and digestｅｄ。
3、Metonｙmy借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说得事物,而使用另一个与之相关得事物名称、I。
以容器代替内容,例如:1>。
The kettlｅboils、水开了、2〉。
Thｅｒoom sat ｓilenｔ、全屋人安静地坐着。
II。
以资料、工具代替事物得名称,例如:Lend me your eaｒs, plｅａse.请听我说、ＩＩＩ.以作者代替作品,例如:a ｐlete Shaｋespｅare 莎士比亚全集ＶＩ、以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:Ｉhａｄthe ｍusｃle, aｎｄtｈey mａde ｍoney ｏut of iｔ、我有力气,她们就用我得力气赚钱。
4、Syｎｅcdocｈe 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般、例如:1>。
高级英语修辞总结归纳
Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1. Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides (Para. 18)2. Allusions 暗指，引喻--musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3)--descendants of convicts (Para. 7)--Saxon churls (Para. 8)--Norman conquerors (Para. 8)3. ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. (Para. 3)4. Metaphor1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (Para. 2)2. They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para. 3)3. Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para. 4)4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para. 6)5. The conversation was on wings. (Para. 8)6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11)7. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14)8. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17)9. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18)10. “the sinister corridor of our age…” (Para. 18)11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. (Para. 20)12. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. (Para. 20)5. Simile1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other’s… (Para. 3)2. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,…(Para. 14)Lesson 2 MarrakechSimile1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (Para. 2)2. ,…sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (Para. 8)3. …where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. (Para. 18)4. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls (Para. 18)5. …their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood… (Para. 23)6. ,…glittering like scraps of paper. (Para. 26)Metaphor1. They rise out of the earth, …(Para. 3)2. Down the center of the street there is generally running a little river of urine. (Para. 8)Alliterationsweat and starve (Para. 3)Transferred Epithet--there was a frenzied rush of Jews (Para. 10)Onomatopoeia, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels (Para. 22)Synecdoche1. a white skin is always fairly conspicuous (Para. 16)2. , actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. (Para. 24) Rhetorical Question1. Are they really the same flesh as your self Do they even have names Or are they merely a kind of differentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects (Para. 3)2. How much longer can we go one kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction (Para. 25) UnderstatementI am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. (Para. 21)Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961) Parallelism…, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. (Para. 1)Paras. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11Alliteration1. …friend and foe alike… (Para. 3)2. to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (Para. 4)3. steady spread (Para. 13)4. …bear the burden… (Para. 22)5. …strength and sacrifice…Metaphor1.…those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. (Para. 7)2. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (Para. 9)3. this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (Para. 9)4. to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… (Para. 10)5. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion… (Para. 19)6. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. (Para. 24)Consonance…, whether it wishes us well or ill,… (Para. 4)Synecdoche…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread o f the deadly atom….(Para.13)Antithesis1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. (Para. 6)2. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. (Para. 8)3. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Repetitionall forms of (Para. 2)the belief (Para. 2)Regression1. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. (Para. 14)2. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Allusionone hundred days (Para. 20)ClimaxAll this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. (Para. 20) Hyperbolehour of maximum danger (Para. 24)Lesson 4 Love is a FallacyMetaphor1. Charles Lamb, unfettered the informal essay with.... “Dream’s Children”. (Author’s Note)2. There follows an informal essay....frontier. (Author’s Note)3. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)4. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Para. 17)5. In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (Para. 31)6. I fought off a wave of despair. (Para. 76)7. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. (Para. 95)8. The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well. (Para. 112)9.”The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.” (Para. 116)10. The rat! (Para. 148)Simile1. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)2. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (Para. 2)3. First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (Para. 47)4. He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. (Para. 54)5. ...the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. (Para. 94)6. It was like digging a tunnel. (Para. 120)7. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (Para. 144)Antithesis1. “It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.” (Para. 24)2. “Back and forth his head swiveled，desire waxing, resolution waning.” (Para. 47)3. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. (Para. 91)4. “Look at me--a brilliant student..ing from.” (Para. 150)Hyperbole1. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)2. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)3. It’s not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (Para. 2)4. Finally he didn’t turn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (Para. 47)5. You are the whole world…of outer space (Para. 132)6. “I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.” (Para. 132)Metonymy1. But I was not one to let my heart rule my head. (Para. 20)2. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. (Para. 70)3. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker. (Para. 79)LitotesThis loomed as a project of no small dimensions. (Para. 58)SynecdocheThere is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (Para. 112)AnalogyJust as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine. (Para. 122)Transferred EpithetI said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. (Para. 37) Rhetorical QuestionCould Carlyle do more Could Ruskin (Authors’ Note)“Really” said Polly, amazed. “Nobody” (Para. 73)Who knew (Para. 95)Lesson 5 The Sad Young MenMetaphor:1. …we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality… (Para. 2)2. battle for success (Para. 3)3. And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age. (Para. 4)4. …once the young men had received a good taste of twentieth-century warfare. (Para. 6)5. …they had outgrown town and families (Para. 6)6. …in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country (Para. 6)7. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)8. …now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. (Para. 8)9. …was the rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with America. (Para. 9)10. …but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Personification:…the country was blind and deaf to everything…dollar…. (Para. 9) Metonymy:1. …our young men began to enlist under foreign flags. (Para. 5)2. Greenwich Village set the pattern. (Para. 7)3. …their minds and pens inflamed against war,…(Para. 7)4. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)5. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit…(Para. 8)6. …but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Transferred epithet:The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young…(Para. 11) Simile:The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure… (Para. 3).&。
高级英语各单元修辞
英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。
明喻的表达方法是：A像B。
2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。
喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。
暗喻又叫隐喻。
例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。
（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》）3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。
4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。
就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。
5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。
夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。
6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。
转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。
转喻又称换喻，或借代。
9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。
10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。
浅析《高级英语》中的修辞
浅析《高级英语》中的修辞》《高级英语》是一本深受英美学习者亲睐的语言学书籍，书中的修辞除具有色彩斑斓的语言外，还加入了各种常用的修辞手段。
下面，就具体说说其中一些常用的修辞手段吧。
1. 拟人：指明原言外其义，以展示文章主题，或节节渗出作者的情感。
如“He stood alone like a mountain in his duty.”（他屹立在他的责任上，孤身一人，如同一座山。
）2. 比喻：比喻是一种形象性的手段，用比喻比喻出两个不同的事物之间的联系，从而营造深刻的意境。
如“Life is like a roller coaster.”（生活如过山车一般。
）3. 排比：把同一性质的事物连在一起，表达作者的切中点锋、犀利言辞，使文章句式更加生动形象。
如“Determination, courage and perseverance are the key to success.”（决心、勇气和毅力是取得成功的关键。
）4. 夸张：用大量的超越现实的词语，使读者感受到文中的爆炸感、张力感，以激发读者的情绪。
如“It was a million-billion times worse than anything I had ever imagined.”（它远远超乎我的想象，百万亿倍之恶劣。
）5. 引语：引用他人的言论，来表达作者的思想和情感，使文章生变雅量，因而令人触动，造成强烈的感染。
如“As a famous scientist said, ‘There is no failure exceptin no longer trying.’ ”（正如一位著名科学家所说：“唯有不再尝试才是失败。
”）以上就是《高级英语》中一些常用修辞手段，用它们，不但可以使文章更加具有说服力，还可以帮助学习者更加深入地理解文章内容。
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高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课）第一课Face to Face With Hurricane CamilleSimile:1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire)2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train)Metaphor :1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea)2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.)Personification :1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)2. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 1/2miles away. (The hurricane acted as a very strong man lifting something very heavy and dumping it 3 1/2 miles away.). Ⅺ.Elliptical and short simple sentences generally increase the tempo and speed of the actions being described. Hence in a dramatic narration they serve to heighten tension and help create a sense of danger and urgency. For examples see the text, paragraphs 10-18 and 21-26.Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan“Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)…as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop...…where thous ands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.At last this intermezzo came to an end…But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others.Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in JapanI felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skycrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima wasrepeated .(synecdoche)Was I not at the scene of the crime? (rhetorical question) Lesson 3 BlackmailMetaphor:...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed...his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplash.eyes bored into himI’ll spell it out.Euphemism:...and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:won 100 at the tableslost it at the barthey'll throw the book,...Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongueLesson 41) The trial that rocked the world (hyperbole)2) Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder (transferred epithet)3) The case had erupted round my head (synecdoche)4) Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted (ridicule)5) and it is a mighty strong combination (sarcasm)6) until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century (irony)7) There is some doubt about that.(sarcasm)8) "The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below"(antithesis)9) "His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world." (hyperbole)10) Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fanlike a sword to repel his enemies. (ridicule，simile)11) Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.(ridicule)12) Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. " (oxymoron )第五课The many metaphors and similes in the essay are largely ap propritately used in describing the ugliness of Westmoreland County.For example, in para. 3 the metaphor of comparing the houses there to pigs wallowing in the mud~ the metaphor in the same para. of comparing the patches of paint to dried up scales formed by a skin disease~and the simile in para. 2 as shown in the sentence "one blinks ... shot away", the sim ile in the same para. as shown in the sentence "a steel stadi um ~ -- the line", just to mention a few. Hyperboles are profusely used in the essay. They are mostly very effective in conveying what the author had to say.In para. 1, we read the sentence "Here was wealth ... alley cats", exaggerating the richness and grandeur of this region and of America as a whole, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earthin para. 5 we read "It is as if ... of them", which implies exaggeratedly that it is as if some genius of great power, who didn' t like to do the right things and who was an inflexible enemy of man, em ployed all the cleverness and skill of hell to build these ugly houses;and again in para. 2 there is the sentence "What al lude to " in sight", which suggests an exaggeration that is hard to believe. Not every house could have been that ugly.Lesson 6 Mark Twain --- Mirror of AmericaMetaphor:Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up... When railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Twain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.America laughed with him.Personification:...to literature's enduring gratitude...the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are.. ...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever Euphemism:… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy....men's final release from earthly struggleAlliteration...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home ...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeLesson 7 Everyday Use for your grandmama“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangerosaid ,laughing .(ironic)“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile)…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…After I tripped over it two or three times he toldme …(metaphor)And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration)Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. (simile)Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor) I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration)Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. (simile)It is like an extended living room. (simile)Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. (simile)She gasped like a bee had stung her.(simile)Wangero said, sweet as a bird. (simile)Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? (rhetorical question)You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor)。