2015职称英语新增文章(带翻译)
2015年职称英语A级新增文章(有翻译)Men Smell of Cheese and Women of Onions
Men Smell of Cheese and Women of Onions男人闻出奶酪味，女人嗅出洋葱味Little girls may be made of sugar and all things nice, 小女孩闻起来可能有糖、香料和所有好东西的味道，but their armpits smell of onions.但是她们的腋下却闻起来像洋葱。
And while free of slug or snail odours, men’s armpits pack a powerful cheesy whiff.男人的腋下虽然没有鼻涕虫或者蜗牛的味道，但是却有一股奶酪的气味。
That’s the conclusion of research in Switzerland that involved taking armpit sweat samples from 24 men and 25 women after he had spent time in a sauna or ridden an exercise bike for 15 minute.这是一项来自瑞士的研究结论，研究中的24位男士和25位女士在一段时间的桑拿或15分钟的骑车锻炼后，腋下的气味就被收集作为样本。
The researchers found marked differences in the sweat from men and women. 研究者发现男人和女人腋下的气味有很大不同。
“Men smell of cheese, and women of grapefruit or onion,”“男人的闻起来更像奶酪，女人的闻起来更像葡萄柚或者洋葱”，says Christian Starkenmann of Firmenich, a company in Geneva that researches flavours and perfumes for food and cosmetics companies. 来自Firmenich 的Christian Starkenmann 说道。
[VIP专享]职称英语综合C2015新增文章篇目
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阅读判断新增文章第三篇Across the DesertsThe Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa from Senegal to Egypt. The Sahara Desert is an unfriendly environment. During the day it's very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in the Sahara.In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across the Sahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That's a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn't see. One time they got lost. But they didn't quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across the Sahara Desert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of the Red Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.词汇：stretch v. 延伸，伸展calorie n. 卡（路里)，小卡，大卡quit v. 停止，放注释：1. ... made the decision to run across ...：......决正跑步横跨......练习：1. It’s not always hot m the Sahara Desert.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned2. Each day the men ran for approximately eight hours.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned3. In the middle of the day: the men usually stopped running.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned4. They sometimes felt sick because it was so hot.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned5. Sometimes they couldn't see the road because it was windy.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned6. Luckily, they never got lost.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned7. On their trip across the desert: the three men ran through five countries.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned答案与题解：1. A 文中提到撒哈拉沙漠白天很热晚上有时很冷，所以不是总是很热。
2015年职称英语考试卫生类C级新增加文章及全文翻译(全)
第五篇 Tracking Down HIVIn the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells.By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died.In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsiblefor2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infected people. Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated3, but it is still a race against time.词汇：spot n. 地点，斑点，斑块，青春痘lymph n. 淋巴结sarcoma n. 肿瘤，肉瘤，恶性毒瘤exhaustion n. 衰竭，耗尽，精疲力竭immunologist n.免疫学家malfunction n. 故障，失灵，疾病count n. 计数，计算infection n. 传染病，感染breakdown n. 故障，衰弱，崩溃toll n. 代价，死亡人数intravenous drug n. 静脉注射药物abnormalities n. (abnormality的复数形式)畸形，异常情况blood transfusion n. 输血symptom n.症状virologist n. 病毒学家virus n. 病毒panel n.座谈小组，仪表板hemophiliac n. 血友病患者vaccine n. 疫苗注释：1．play a key role...扮演一个关键角色，有至关重要的作用2．be responsible for...对……负责，是……的原因3．can be eradicated可以被根除的练习：1．This passage is mainly about ____.A the spreading of the disease known as HIVB the work of Dr. Robert GalloC infectious diseasesD the symptoms of HIV2．A T-cell is a ____.A patient’s bloodB deadly strain of tuberculosisC white blood cell important in providing immunity to diseaseD red blood cell3．The final paragraph leads the reader to see that scientists ____.A have no hope in ever finding a cure for HIVB have hope that a cure for HIV will be foundC have run out of time to find a cure for HIVD are in a contest against each other to find a cure for HIV4．The basic pattern used to develop this passage is ____.A chronological orderB personal narrativeC comparison and contrastD question and answer5．The word u eradicated the last paragraph means ____.A made extremeB celebratedC remove by rubbingD gotten rid of entirely答案与题解：1．A从开篇的病例介绍，到后面感染人数的不断上升可以推断出，这篇文章的主旨是讲艾滋病病毒在美国的传播。
2015年职称英语理工类新增文章含翻译
2015年职称英语理工类新增文章含翻译阅读理解第九篇An Essential Scientific ProcessAll life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the ox ygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live.The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. Th e earth’s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet.词汇：nutrient n.营养物organism n.生物体，有机体carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳chloroplast n.叶绿体molecule n.分子vapor n.水蒸气oxygen n.氧气photosynthesis n.光合作用chlorophyll n.叶绿素glucose n.葡萄糖cease v.停止注释：1．Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。
职称英语2015新增文章1篇《Inquest told of hospital error》
2015年职称英语考试教材与2014年相比进行了一些调整，其中卫生类阅读判断题新增了《Inquest told of hospital error》A HOSPITAL error left a dying man on the wrong ward for two days as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ravaged his body, an inquest heard. Stephen Melvin Newbold suffered massive brain damage when a blood clot formed in his veins. Now his families are considering legal action against York Hospital, saying that his death was “untimely and unnecessary”.Mr Newbold, a 52-year-old maintenance worker, went to York Hospital on November 3 complaining of a swollen right foot. He should have been sent to a surgical ward where he would have been treated with Fragmin, a drug which counters the effects of DVT. However, hospital staff wrongly admitted him to an orthopedic ward, where he stayed for two days, before finally being transferred to the care of a consultant vascular surgeon. Twenty-four hours later, on November 6, doctors decided they would have to operate to remove his leg below the knee.The operation went ahead on November 10, but two days later Mr Newbold suffered a cardiac arrest. A scan revealed he had had a pulmonary embolism, a condition related to DVT. Mr Newbold suffered brain damage and died in the hospital on November 16.Giving evidence, the surgeon said he could not explain why Mr Newbold had been admitted to an orthopedic ward where it was not policy to administer Fragmin. He did not know why his medical team had not given Mr Newbold the drug later.York coroner Donald Coverdale said, “From November 3 until the day of the operation, no Fragmin was given to Mr Newbold. If he had been admitted to a consultant vascular surgeon’s care from day one, it is clear that Fragmin would have been prescribed. Fragmin reduces the risk of DVT, but does not eliminate it. It is impossible to say whether Mr Newbold would have suffered this DVT if he had received the Fragmin.”He recorded a verdict of death by misadventure.Kim Daniells, Mr Newbold’s family’s lawyer, said, “The family hope that the hospital will learn from the errors, and that no other families will have to suffer in the future.”A spokeswoman for York Hospital’s NHS Trust said, “We would like to extend our sincere sympathies to the family of Stephen Newbold during this difficult time.”【词汇】ward n.病房vein n.血管thrombosis n.血栓clot n.凝块maintenance n.维修，维护Fragmin n.法安明（又名片段化蛋白）staff n.员工；职工consultant n.顾问，咨询，会诊医师surgeon n.心血管外科顾问knee n.膝盖embolism n.栓塞；栓塞形成verdict n.裁决misadventure n.灾难，不幸遭遇，意外事故sympathy n.同情【注释】1．be treated with...被用......药物进行治疗2．be admitted to...被收容至，被移送至(本文中是“被送至病房”)【练习】1．The patient was admitted with an injured foot.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned【正确答案】A【解题技巧&步骤】第一步：划出题干信息词patient，an injured foot。
2015年职称英语新增文章翻译
亚瑟的创奇
很多文化都有某类能代表他们民族深信的价值观的英雄。有关亚瑟王的不同寻常的事情就是他的英雄主义传奇已经持续了几个世纪，并且影响力早已超越它所诞生的英国。 在有关亚瑟王早期的故事中，他是一个战士，他在公元约700年抗击、震慑入侵的北欧人。许多这类亚瑟王的故事大概是基于事实。无论是否叫作亚瑟，大量证据证明是有这样一个战士存在的。后来这些故事被美化修饰，使得它们的真实性受到质疑。根据这些故事，我们知道亚瑟出生在位于英国西海岸廷塔杰尔的一座城堡里，这里经常狂风暴雨。由于亚瑟是国王UtherPendragon的私生子，所以他被巫师Merlin偷偷地带走，因此他不知道自己的真实身份。在王者之剑从它刺穿的石头中拔出时，他才成为国王。他娶了美丽的Guinevere，并且召集所有贵族骑士来到他的王宫，这其中就包括Lancelot，后来Guinevere背叛了亚瑟王和他，在一起。亚瑟王最终在决斗中被他的私生子Mordred打败，他的尸体被偷偷地运到阿瓦隆岛上。 这个传奇故事对中世纪的英国人和法国人很有吸引力，那个时候骑士精神的道德标准——骑士的理想的品格——是许多故事中很重要的一部分。Galahad，Percival，Gawain，以及其他亚瑟王的骑士的英雄主义故事也都传播开来。 在今天的英国，有许多地方都宣称是亚瑟王传奇遗址的一部分。廷塔杰尔还有一座成为废墟的城堡。格拉斯顿堡附近还有一座古代修道院的遗迹，据说亚瑟王和Guinevere的尸体在12世纪就在这里被挖掘出来。这些都不能证明传奇的真实性，但是它们却让这种神秘气氛延续下去。
AcrosstheDesert
穿越沙漠 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。它从塞内加尔到埃及横跨非洲。撒哈拉沙漠的环境不好。白天非常热，晚上有时又很冷。在撒哈拉沙漠中很难找到水。 2006年，KevinLin,RayZahab和Charlie决定做些困难的事情。他们决定跑步穿越4300英里（6920千米）的撒哈拉沙漠。这似乎是不可能完成的，但是他们还想尝试一下。他们三人喜欢挑战自己，而这将是一个很大的挑战式 11月2日的早晨，Kevin,Ray和Charlie开始了他们跑步穿越撒哈拉的旅程。他们每天早晨5点开始跑，到上午11点停下来休息，然后到下午5点继续跑，一直跑到下午9点半。他们每天大概跑40英里（64千米）。每天如此，起床，跑步。听着iPod里的音乐不休停地跑。 在旅途中，Kevin,Ray和Charlie需要吃很多事物。大多数的人每天需要2000卡路里的热量，而他们三人每天需要6000—9000卡路里。那真是很多食物！他们每天也需要喝大量的水。 三人在途中也出现了很多问题，很多次他们都想放弃回家。白天通常很热（140华氏度／60摄氏度），高温导致他们生病，他们的腿和脚都受了伤。有时候天刮起了大风导致他们什么也看不见。有一次他们迷了路，但是他们没有放弃。111天以后，Kevin,Ray和Charlie成功完成了他们穿越撒哈拉沙漠的旅途。他们彼此拥抱，把手伸进红海的海水里，然后他们跑进旅馆好好洗了个澡。
2015年职称英语_综合类_国家指定教材_完形填空_所有文章中英文对照版
2015年职称英语_国家指定教材完形填空_所有文章中英文对照版综合类2015年职称英语_国家指定教材_完形填空_所有文章中英文对照版 (2)完形填空文章_综合类_C级 (3)第一篇 A Life with Birds【有鸟陪伴的生活】 (3)第二篇 A Lucky Break【幸福的骨折】 (5)第三篇Global Warming 【全球变暖】 (6)第四篇 A Success Story【一个成功的故事】 (8)第五篇Traffic in Our Cities 【城市的交通】 (10)完形填空文章_综合类_B级 (12)第六篇Teaching and Learning【教与学】 (12)第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer 【人与电脑的区别】 (14)第八篇Look on The Bright Side 【看光明的一面】 (16)第九篇The First Bicycle【第一辆自行车】 (18)第十篇Working Mothers 【职业母亲】 (19)完形填空文章_综合类_A级 (21)第十一篇School Lunch【学校午餐】 (21)第十二篇 A Powerful Influence【强大的影响】 (23)第十三篇The Old Gate【古老之门】 (25)第十四篇Family History【家族史】 (27)第十五篇Helen and Martin【海伦和马丁】 (29)完形填空文章课后练习参考答案__综合类 (32)阅读下面的短文。
短文中有十五个空白，在文章的后面，每一个空白都列了四个备选答案。
请根据文章的内容选择合适的词或短语填在空白处。
完形填空文章_综合类_C级第一篇 A Life with Birds【有鸟陪伴的生活】For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's Yeoman Warders, ____1____ known to tourists as Beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the ___2_____ of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. “____3____ our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames. ”says David.The Tower of London is famous ___4____its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was ____5___ the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no ____6____ in accepting it. “The birds have now become my life and I'm always ____7___ of the fact that I am ___8____ a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to ____9____ sure this doesn't happen!”David ____10____about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the ____11____ that he lives right next t o them is ideal. “I can ____12____ a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working.” ____13____, David's wife Mo was not ____14____ on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. “When we look out of our windows we see history ___15_____ around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories. ”文章翻译：有鸟陪伴的生活作为伦敦塔的守卫者之一David Cope在那里工作了近17年，被游客们称为Beefeaters。
2015年综合类职称英语新增文章
2015年综合类职称英语新增文章注释1. …create a film over the eye ’s surface ：……在眼睛的表面形成一层薄膜。
2. …get it back …：……恢复……3. …act out the whole situation again …：……整个场景重现…… 练习A It may explain why people who are afraid to cry often suffer more h eart attacks than people cry more freely.BIts good to hold back tears during a tense business discussion.C Crying has good effects on the body.D Even when you're not crying, your eyes produce tears.E They practice crying so that they can get used to expressing emotio n.F As children we were sometimes punished for shedding tears or expres sing anger.答案与题解1. D 此空的上一句讲到眼泪很有用，后一句讲到眼泪的具体用处，并且句首是these，所以所填的这句应该有眼泪，根据上下文只有选项D最适合。
选项C与前一句话意思重复。
综合群385443831；理工群385448628；卫生群3854190922. F 下文提到作为成人，我们仍然害怕流泪，所填的这句应该讲我们还是孩子时对流泪的恐惧。
所以，答案是选项F。
3. A 上文讲到哭能够帮助我们发泄心中的强烈情感，所以经常哭的人会比不常哭的人获得某种益处，根据上下文，只有选项A比较贴切。
2015职称英语新增文章英汉互译
Real World Robots现实世界中的机器人When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out当你想到一个机器人，你想像的有光泽，具有相同的一般形状的金属装置，作为一个人类，执行人的功能，在一个单调的声音高亢的音调的声音加重你的问题的回应？这是许多我们想象一个机器人，但是在现实世界中，一个机器人都不是人形。
取而代之的是一个机器人往往是无声的，箱型机，有效地进行repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans.重复的或危险的通常是由人执行的功能。
Today’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning,drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience. A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A今天的机器人是一个自动的机器，执行一个任务，一次又一次。
2015职称英语新增文章参考译文
第九篇AnEssentialScientificProcess一个至关重要的科学过程地球上所有的生命都依靠绿色植物生存。
植物利用阳光制造自己的食物，而动物则以植物为食，它们吸收植物制造和储存的营养物质。
但是植物能做的还不仅仅这些，它们还能利用阳光产生氧气，这些氧气的一部分被植物自身消耗了，但植物消耗的氧气量远小于它们产生的氧气，这些多余的氧气对于动物以及其他生物体的生存是至关重要的。
植物将光转化为营养物质和氧气的这个过程叫作光合作用，在这一过程中，植物不仅吸收阳光中的能量，还吸收水和二氧化碳。
水通过根系进入植物体内，而二氧化碳则通过叶片上的小孔进人植物体，这些小孔叫作气孔。
二氧化碳进入植物体内后，到达叶绿体，叶绿体是绿色植物体内的一种特殊细胞。
叶绿体是光合作用发生的地方。
叶绿体内包含叶绿素，这种物质使得叶子呈现绿色，它是一种能吸收光能的分子，吸收进来的光能将水和二氧化碳转化，产生氧气和一种结构简单的糖——葡萄糖。
二氧化碳和氧气通过气孔进出。
水蒸气也是从气孔逸出。
植物体通过根系吸收的水分中的90%。
白天，大多数植物的气孔都是张开的，使得二氧化碳能进入植物体参与光合作用。
到了夜晚，植物不再需要二氧化碳，于是大多数植物的气孔就关闭了，水分散失也停止了。
如果光合作用停止的话，地球上将不会再有食物或其他有机物质，大多数生物体都会消失，地球的大气中的氧气也将消失。
光合作用对于地球上的生命来说是至关重要的。
理工C补全短文新增文章：第五篇ARecord-BreakingRover 参考译文：破纪录的漫游车美国宇航局的火星漫游车“机遇号”到达了其他任何漫游车都没能到达的地方——至少从距离上来说是如此。
自2004年“机遇号”到达火星以来，它已经行驶了25.01英里，比任何外星漫游车走的距离都长。
在火星上行驶数年之后，到7月27日，如高尔夫球车那么大的“机遇号”已经行驶了超过24英里，打败了之前的纪录保持者——一辆1973年被送上月球的苏联漫游车。
2015年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文(1-5)
2015年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文（1—5）第1篇——论我们给予大海的以及向大海索取的自我们在地球上生活乏始，我们就开始利用环绕着陆地的海洋。
我们向海洋索取的同时也在给予。
我们从海里捕鱼——为了获取百万人的食物，我们每年在海里捕数千吨的鱼，甚至连鱼的骨头也被用来做化肥。
我们从海里获得物。
制盐的一种办法就是将海水放在浅底的水池里直至水分蒸发。
除了盐之外，水蒸发以后还有别的矿物质留下来，还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。
但是这些物质不能通过海水的蒸发而被我们获取。
海洋赐予我们的礼物还有珍珠丨海绵和海草。
珍珠能做成珠宝，海绵可用来作为清洗东西的物品，海草可加工成许多种食品，甚至糖果、冰淇淋以及药品。
不管你相不相信，淡水也是海洋赐予我们的礼物。
海水不能饮用，其中有些物质会致病。
但是去掉海水中的盐分后，海水就变成了淡水。
将来，我们会越来越依赖午从海水中取来的淡水。
海洋给予我们食物、化肥、矿物、水资源以及其他的礼物。
然而，我们又给予了大海什么呢? 垃圾。
我们把大海当做垃圾桶的时候污染了大海。
海洋虽然巨大无边,却无法容纳所有我们倾倒进去的水。
把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。
然而，随着世界人口的增长，我们也许将会比以往任何时候都需要海洋以及它给人类带来的东西。
我们最终认识到，如果破坏了海洋，我们就将毁灭自己。
只希望这个认识还不算太迟。
第2篇——旅游业中的团队合作不同旅游部门之间越来越多的合作证明对有关各方都有益。
政府机构、贸易与旅游协会、运输公司和房地产公司都一齐致力于为旅行者创造良好的条件。
旅游经纪人作为旅游计划的专家提出广泛的研究方案。
他们了解所有的旅游区和所有运输公司的服务。
他们的专长是组织不同类型的旅游活动以及准备有效的广告宣传。
他们把材料分发给旅行社。
这些材料包括杂志、小册子和广告项目。
他们提供熟悉情况和组织研讨问题的旅游，从而使旅行社在短时间内就能获得有关他们正在推出的旅行活动的第一手资料。
2015年职称英语卫生类A新增文章及译文
阅读判断第十二篇Inquest told of hospital errorA HOSPITAL error left a dying man on the wrong ward for two days as deep vein thrombosis(DVT) ravaged his body, an inquest heard.Stephen Melvin Newbold suffered massive brain damage when a blood clot formed in his veins.Now his families are considering legal action against York Hospital,saying that his death was“untimely and unnecessary”.Mr Newbold,a 52-year-old maintenance worker,went to York Hospital on November 3 complaining of a swollen right foot.He should have been sent to a surgical ward where he would have been treated with Fragmin,a drug which counters the effects of DVT. However,hospital staff wrongly admitted him to an orthopedic ward,where he stayed for two days,before finally being transferred to the care of a consultant vascular surgeon.Twenty-four hours later,on November 6,doctors decided they would have to operate to remove his leg below the knee.The operation went ahead on November l0,but two days later Mr Newbold suffered a cardiac arrest.A scan revealed he had had a pulmonary embolism,a condition related to DVT.Mr. Newbold suffered brain damage and died in the hospital on November16.Giving evidence,the surgeon said he could not explain why Mr Newbold had been admitted to an orthopedic ward where it was not policy to administer Fragmin.He did not know why his medical team had not given Mr. Newbold the drug later.York coroner Donald Coverdale said,‘From November 3 until the day of the operation,noFragmin was given to Mr Newbold.If he had been admitted to a consultant vascular surgeon’s care from day one,it is clear that Fragmin would have been prescribed.Fragmin reduces the risk of DVT,but does not eliminate it.It is impossible to say whether Mr Newbold would have suffered this DVT if he had received the Fragmin.’He recorded a verdict of death by misadventure.Kim Daniells,Mr Newbold’s family’s lawyer,said,‘The family hope that the hospital will learn from the errors,and that no other families will have to suffer in the future.’A spokeswoman for York Hospital’s NHS Trust said,‘We would like to extend our sincere sympathies to the family of Stephen Newbold during this difficult time.’练习：1．The patient was admitted with an injured foot. 2.The patient was admitted to the surgical ward.3.The patient did not get the correct medication.4.The patient died before he could be operated on.5.The patient died of brain damage.6.It was decided that the patient’s death had been an accident.7.Mr Newbold’s family’s lawyer was not qualified. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not Mentioned答案与题解：1．A从文中第二段的第一句话可以看出，病人是因为感觉右脚胀痛而去医院的(aswollenrightfoot)，而从文章第二段的第三行最后一句话(However,hospitalstaff..)可以看出毛他是被医院容留住院了，只不过是去错了病房。
2015年职称英语考试综合新增(答案译文)
2015年职称英语考试综合新增（答案及译文）1、综合C阅读判断新增文章第三篇Across the DesertsThe Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa from Senegal to Egypt. The Sahara Desert is an unfriendly environment. During the day it's very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in the Sahara.In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across the Sahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That's a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn't see. One time they got lost. But they didn't quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across the Sahara Desert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of the Red Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.词汇：stretch v. 延伸，伸展calorie n. 卡(路里)，小卡，大卡quit v. 停止，放注释：1. ... made the decision to run across ...：......决正跑步横跨......练习：1. It’s not always hot m the Sahara Desert.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned2. Each day the men ran for approximately eight hours.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned3. In the middle of the day: the men usually stopped running.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned4. They sometimes felt sick because it was so hot.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned5. Sometimes they couldn't see the road because it was windy.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned6. Luckily, they never got lost.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned7. On their trip across the desert: the three men ran through five countries.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned答案与题解：1. A文中提到撒哈拉沙漠白天很热晚上有时很冷，所以不是总是很热。
2015职称英语卫生类新增文字全文翻译(全)
*第七篇Power Napping is Good for the I.Q.Today we hear more and more about the importance of getting enough sleep—about eight hours a night. Sleep can help heal and give energy to both the body and the brain. Medical experts now believe that sleep is even more important for health than diet or exercise. It seems almost certain that the third of our lives that we spend asleep has a great effect on the two-thirds that we are awake. Sleep affects our emotions, memory, focus, and behavior.Studies show that people in developed countries spend less time asleep and more time at work or commuting. Dr. Karine Spiegel, at the University of Chicago, has found that the average length of sleep has gone down from nine hours a night in 1910 to seven-and-a-half hours a night today. However, our bodies cannot function well without enough sleep. Losing just one or two hours of sleep a night, over a long period of time, can cause serious health problems. According to Canadian scientist Dr. Stanley Coren, every hour of lost sleep at night causes us to lose one I.Q. point the next day. For example, when someone gets only five or six hours of sleep each night for a week, the person’s I.Q. could go down 15 points or more. That’s why, without enough sleep, a normally intelligent person may start to have difficulty doing daily tasks.Most sleep experts say that humans need at least eight hours of sleep every day, but it should be in two stages: a long sleep at night and a shorter nap in the afternoon. Some companies help their emplo yees follow this advice. They allow them to “power nap” in the afternoon, if only for 20 minutes. They say this makes the workers much more efficient.To study sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep), scientists use a test called the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). During the test, a person stays in a darkened, quiet room during the daytime. Scientists believe that a sleep-deprived person will fall asleep quickly. If it takes ten minutes or longer to fall asleep, the person is probably getting enough sleep.Scientists have also found that the time of year seems to affect how much sleep we need. People usually sleep longer in the winter, sometimes as much as 14 hours a night. However, in the summer, people sometimes sleep as little as six hours, without having any problems.Power Napping is Good for the I.Q.今天，我们听到越来越多的有关充足睡眠重要性的讨论，即每日保证8小时的睡：睡眠能有助于我们修复损伤并为我们的身体和大脑提供能量。
职称英语 卫生类 新增文章译文及解析称英语 卫生类 新增文章译文及解析
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】2015年职称英语（卫生类）新增文章译文及解析阅读理解第十六篇 Eat to Live第十六篇为生存而食A meager diet may give you health and long life, but it’s not much fun — and it might not even be necessary.粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿，但这并不有趣——很有可能也没必要We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don’t start to diet until old age.即便在年老以后才开始节食我们也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。
Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse’s liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks.加州大学Riverside分校的斯蒂芬?斯潘德尔及其同事发现，只要连续四周限制一些衰老的老鼠进食，它们的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活力。
The genetic rejuvenation wo n’t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.。
2015年职称英语新增文章
第三篇Across the Deserts(阅读判断)The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa from Senegal to Egypt. The Sahara Desert is an unfriendly environment. During the day it's very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in the Sahara.In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across the Sahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That's a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn't see. One time they got lost. But they didn't quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across the Sahara Desert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the waterof the Red Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.词汇：stretch v. 延伸，伸展calorie n. 卡(路里)，小卡，大卡quit v. 停止，放注释：1. ... made the decision to run across ...：......决正跑步横跨......练习：1. It’s not always hot m the Sahara Desert.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned2. Each day the men ran for approximately eight hours.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned3. In the middle of the day: the men usually stopped running.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned4. They sometimes felt sick because it was so hot.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned5. Sometimes they couldn't see the road because it was windy.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned6. Luckily, they never got lost.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned7. On their trip across the desert: the three men ran through five countries.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned答案与题解：1. A文中提到撒哈拉沙漠白天很热晚上有时很冷，所以不是总是很热。
2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-已经精心翻译
2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增题型2015年新版职称英语教材新增文章系列之理工类补全短文第十三篇Affectionate Androids-多情的机器人Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn1. And it won’t be long before we will see realistic（逼真的）cyber companions（伙伴）, complete with skin, dexterity, and intelligence.They will be programmed（设定） to tend（照料） to your every need.-计算机技术已经足够成熟，能够支持人形机器人的诞生和普及，进入人形机器人的时代。
不久，我们将看到逼真机器人伙伴，完整的皮肤，敏捷，智力。
他们将编程倾向于你所有的需要。
Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificial（人工） intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming（声称）human‐robot relationships will become popular（受欢迎） in the next few decades （十年）. ____1____Will humans really be able to form deep emotional attachments to machines? It will, in fact, be relatively easy to form these strong attachments because the human mind loves to anthropomorphize: to give human attributes to other creatures（生物、动物、人）—even objects （目标）.-我们会想结婚的机器人吗？人工智能研究者戴维已经出版了一本书，声称人类‐机器人关系将成为未来几十年将人类真的能够形成深厚的感情的机器？它会，事实上，是比较容易形成这些强大的附件，因为人类喜欢人格化：给人的属性的其他生物甚至物体For example, researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months. ____2____The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler. When it lay down（躺下） because its batteries were flat（电用尽），the kids（孩子） even covered it with a blanket（毛毯）.-例如，在圣迭戈的研究人员最近提出一个小型人形机器人与几个月的幼儿游戏小组。
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Real World RobotsWhen you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic devi ce having the same general shape as a human being, performin g humanlike functions, and responding to your questions i n a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, bu t in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a r obot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficien tly carries outrepetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by huma ns.T o d a y’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one t ask again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varyin g degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tell s it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning,drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience. A robot does not posses s a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. Arobot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination wit h joints and motors.T o find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes variou s built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendul um insideit senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound wave s off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors con stantly feed information to the computer, which then analy zes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions. As science and technology advance, the robo t too will progress in its functions and use of artifi cial-intelligence programs.词汇：envision v. 想象，预想device n. 装置accentuate v. 强调，重读artificial intelligence n. 人工智能limb n. 臂antennae n. 天线incline v. 倾斜pendulum n. 钟摆ultrasonic adj. 超声的metallic adj. 金属的monotone n. 单调的humanoid adj. 像人的axle n. 轮轴rotate v. 旋转swivel n. 旋转teeter v. 摇晃gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪vertical n. 直立的注释：1．To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路……2．the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上（以此来探知路径）。
练习：1．Another good title for this passage would beA Robots: Taking the Place of Humans.B Artificial Intelligence Programs.C Today’s Robots and How They Function.D Modern-Day Sensors.2．Artificial intelligence isA the unnatural way in which robots move.B a voiceless, box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks.C sensors such as antennae and a gyroscope.D a computer program that imitates human intellectual proce sses.3．The last paragraph suggests that future robots will beA more humanlike in behavior and actions.B more like automatic machines.C better able to move on inclines.D better equipped with laser light sensors.4．The writer begins the passage by comparingA the shape of a human being with a box.B a modem robot with a fictional robot.C an imaginary machine with a human.D a computer program with artificial intelligence.5．The word humanoid meansA lacking human characteristics.B anything having the appearance of a humanoid.C being void or vacant.D having a human form or characteristics.答案与题解：1．C从文中得知，文章主要介绍了机器人和它们的运行方式，因此选择C选项。
2．DArtificial是“人工”的意思，intelligence是“智能”的意思。
另外从文中得知，机器人使用artificial intelligence能够进行与人类类似的推理分析等活动，因此可知它是一种类似人类智能的计算机程序。
3．A最后一段讲机器人的发展方向是更加智能，能够自己判断并修正行为，而不仅仅是完成重复性的工作。
4B文章开头的时候作者让读者描述他们脑海中的机器人概念，并随后介绍了实际的机器人是怎样的，因此选择B选项。
5．D从humanoid的词根human可看出这个词是形容与人类有关的特征。
另外根据文章对这个词的描述可以得出这个词是表示和人类类似的特征，不管是外形上，还是行为方式上。
Real World Robots现实世界中的机器人When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out当你想到一个机器人，你想像的有光泽，具有相同的一般形状的金属装置，作为一个人类，执行人的功能，在一个单调的声音高亢的音调的声音加重你的问题的回应？这是许多我们想象一个机器人，但是在现实世界中，一个机器人都不是人形。
取而代之的是一个机器人往往是无声的，箱型机，有效地进行repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans.重复的或危险的通常是由人执行的功能。
Today’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again.A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning,drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience. A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that atwo-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A今天的机器人是一个自动的机器，执行一个任务，一次又一次。