《跨文化商务沟通》第一章 文化、沟通及跨文化沟通课后练习
(完整版)文化差异与跨文化交际章节答案1~8
第一章 1【单选题】(10分)中西方文化交流的历史源远流长，历史上有一条连接东西方文明古国的通道被称之为“丝绸之路”。
“丝绸之路”的得名是由（）提出的。
A. 张骞B. 汉和帝C. 汉武帝正确查看答案解析10分2【多选题】(10分)广义上的“丝绸之路”除了包括陆上丝绸之路外，还包括海上丝绸之路。
海上丝绸之路由（）组成。
D. 北洋航线正确查看答案解析10分3【多选题】(10分)“丝绸之路”曾作为连接中西方的重要通道发挥着重要的作用。
其发挥的作用主要是指（）。
B. 军事作用正确查看答案解析10分4【单选题】(10分)通过“陆上丝绸之路”，于（）年粟特人将制造葡萄酒的技术传入中国。
B. 康熙九年C. 崇祯十六年D. 元和七年正确查看答案解析10分5【单选题】(10分)汉武帝时期，（）为开拓“丝绸之路”立下了汗马功劳，被誉为“中国走向世界第一人”。
A. 卫青B. 霍去病D. 司马迁正确查看答案解析10分6【多选题】(10分)鸠摩罗什把佛教从西方引入中国，将大量经书翻译成汉语，为佛教在中国的传播做出了巨大的贡献。
他与（）和玄奘并称为中国佛教四大译经家。
B. 鉴真C. 法显正确查看答案解析10分7【单选题】(10分)（）17岁时跟随父亲和叔叔历时四年来到中国，与元世祖忽必烈建立了友谊。
后由鲁斯蒂谦将其在中国见闻轶事整理并编著成游记，在欧洲广为流传，激起了欧洲人对东方的向往。
A. 查理·马特C. 利玛窦D. 阿基米德正确查看答案解析10分8【多选题】(10分)佛教传入中国后对中国文化的影响巨大。
中国历史上就曾修建过许多反映佛教文化的石窟，其中敦煌莫高窟与（）并称为中国四大石窟。
A. 固原须弥山石窟正确查看答案解析10分9【多选题】(10分)利玛窦不仅将中国文化介绍到了西方，而且帮助中国人打开了视野，使中国人了解到了西方。
正是由于他的到来，使中国人第一次接触到了（）。
D. 西方哲学正确答案是:A,B,C查看答案解析10【多选题】(10分)“丝绸之路”加强了东西方的贸易往来。
跨文化商务沟通彭清龙课后
跨文化商务沟通彭清龙课后一、引言1.1 任务背景1.2 任务目的二、跨文化商务沟通的重要性2.1 国际化商务的发展趋势2.2 跨文化商务沟通对企业的影响三、文化差异对商务沟通的影响3.1 语言差异3.2 礼仪与礼节差异3.3 价值观与信仰差异3.4 时间观念与工作习惯差异四、跨文化商务沟通的关键要素4.1 跨文化商务沟通的原则4.2 语言与非语言沟通技巧4.3 跨文化沟通中的注意事项五、案例分析：中美跨文化商务沟通5.1 中美商务文化差异的概述5.2 中美商务沟通中的常见问题5.3 解决中美商务沟通问题的建议六、结论6.1 跨文化商务沟通的挑战6.2 跨文化商务沟通的应对策略跨文化商务沟通彭清龙课后一、引言1.1 任务背景在全球化时代，跨国企业之间的商务交流越来越频繁，而不同文化之间的差异也成为影响商务沟通的重要因素。
为了帮助企业有效地开展跨文化商务沟通，彭清龙老师提供了相关课程。
本文将探讨跨文化商务沟通的重要性以及应对文化差异的关键要素。
1.2 任务目的本文的目的是全面、详细、完整地探讨跨文化商务沟通的重要性，并提供有效的解决方案以应对不同文化背景下的沟通挑战。
通过学习彭清龙老师的课程，读者将能够更好地理解跨文化商务沟通的要点，并在实践中应用相关技巧和策略。
二、跨文化商务沟通的重要性2.1 国际化商务的发展趋势随着全球化的不断推进，国际化商务交流成为趋势。
企业需要与来自不同国家和地区的合作伙伴、客户和员工进行沟通和合作。
跨国企业的商务活动已超越地域和文化的限制，因此，跨文化商务沟通的重要性不言而喻。
2.2 跨文化商务沟通对企业的影响跨文化商务沟通能够直接影响企业的业务发展和合作关系。
如果企业不能有效地应对文化差异问题，可能导致沟通障碍、误解和冲突，进而影响商业谈判、合作协议和客户关系等。
因此，跨文化商务沟通对企业来说至关重要。
三、文化差异对商务沟通的影响3.1 语言差异语言是文化的重要组成部分，不同语言之间的差异会影响商务沟通的准确性和效果。
《跨文化商务沟通》第一章 文化、沟通及跨文化沟通课后练习
《跨文化商务沟通》第一章文化、沟通及跨文化沟通课后练习一、单项选择题共12 题1、Cultural bias is unavoidable since there was a long process of culture （）in world history.A . separationB . communicationC . progressD . communicat参考答案：A2、Although there are many cultural barriers among different cultures, there are also certain proper channels to（）among different nations.A . argumentB . communicateC . disputeD . transport参考答案：B3、Culture has variety of characteristics but not （）.A . sharedB . learnedC . ethnocentricD . invariability参考答案：D4、Only outward symbols of a culture are visible, while the most important aspects of a culture are invisible. This phenomenon is often compared as a metaphor （）.A . blanketB . icebergC . iceboxD . invisible man参考答案：B5、（）The communication between people from different cultures when a member of one culture produces a message for consumption by a member of another culture.A . business communicationB . cultural communicationC . intercultural communicationD . vertical communication参考答案：C6、（）A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior, or the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.A . communicationB . messageC . informationD . transformation参考答案：A7、（）The communication is within business and administration, aiming at a common objective and profits for both the individuals and organizations.A . cultural exchangeB . business exchangeC . business communicationD . intercultural communication参考答案：C8、Culture and language are not the same, but they （）.A . link each otherB . are essentially differentC . can be substituted each otherD . have different aspects参考答案：A9、（）The belief that your own cultural background, including ways of analyzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is superior.A . communicationB . cultureC . prejudiceD . ethnocentrism参考答案：D10、（）The total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.A . cultureB . beliefC . environmentD . institution参考答案：A11、（）The communication at the same level in an organization.A . vertical communicationB . horizontal communicationC . business communicationD . directive communication参考答案：B12、Lateral communication could be expressed as （）.A . single communicationB . prejudice communicationC . directive communicationD . horizontal communication参考答案：D二、判断题共12 题1、Culture could be understood as variety of ways of social lives for different nation or groups in the world.对错参考答案：正确2、With the integration of language into the fabric of culture, confusion and dysfunction would happen and the culture would be destroyed.对错参考答案：错误3、Culture is all men's medium; there is no aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture.对错参考答案：正确4、The culture shown in an onion consists of two levels: a level of norms and values, or an invisible level, and a visible level of resultant behavior or artifacts of' some form.对错参考答案：正确5、Culture cannot be known without a study of communication, and communication can only be understood with an understanding of the culture it supports.对错参考答案：正确6、In the global village, neighbors communicate free of troubles and difficulties.对错参考答案：错误7、Culture could be understood as the only universal way of life in the world.对错参考答案：错误8、The terms of intercultural communication and international communication can be used interchangeably.对错参考答案：正确9、Intercultural communication could be the communication between persons of different cultures.对错参考答案：正确10、Stereotypes, like culture itself, are learned in a variety of ways. They are the products of limited, lazy, and misguided perceptions.对错参考答案：正确11、The culture shown in an iceberg consists of two levels: a level of norms and values, like an invisible iceberg under sea level, and a visible level of characteristics, like the visible iceberg above sea level.对错参考答案：正确12、It is impossible for us to communicate with another totally different culture.对错参考答案：错误三、简答题共 3 题1、有人说，“掌握了对方的语言，就消除了跨文化沟通的障碍”。
大学英语跨文化交流教程课后习题答案整理
Unit 1AKey conceptsreservation: 谦逊的coldness: 冷静的 modesty：谦虚的humor：幽默的 sportsmanship：运动员精神Q1、what is a reserved person like?Answer: A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited.Q2、what is the character of the Englishmen?Answer: reserved 、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship.Q3、what is sportsmanship?Answer: sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while also showing gene rosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat.Case studyQ、What made the Britisher feel quite unhappy in this situation? Answer: The loud speaking made the reserved Britisher feel quite unhappy.Unit1BKey conceptsthe pioneering spirit创业精神trying something new探索精神equality平等national optimism 民族乐观freedom自由the Declaration of Independence独立宣言rags-to-richer 白手起家social mobility社会流动性American dream美国梦Comprehension questions1. Can you summarize the character of Americans?The characters of Americans are the pioneering spirit, trying something new and being eager to equality and freedom.2.In what sense is the pioneering spirit still an importantpart of the American character?Americans who don’t change residence are also on the move—traveling by air or auto to see their own country or to visit others. The need to explore a new frontier is basic to the American character. They are in search of greater prosperity and freedom.3. What is the American Dream? What is its impact on the American character?The American Dream is that the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. 4. What are the basic roots of American character?The basic roots of American character are the pioneering spirit, the liberty spirit and the equality spirit.Case studyQ;Why did the American feel uncomfortable? Please give him suggestions on how to get along with English people.Because he did something that he think it is friendly, but the Englishseemed unfriendly.American: outgoing/optimistic/casual/friendlyEnglish: Reserved/politeSuggestions:1. On the whole British habits of politeness are very informal. All politeness is based on the elementary rule of showing consideration for others, and acknowledging the consideration they show to you.2. Conversation in Britain is in general quiet and restrained and loud speech is considered ill-bred.Unit2Akey concept: Five Relationships of Confucianism孔子的五伦思想humanism 人道主义 individualism个人主义 collectivism集体主义individual's right个人权利1.cording to Confucianism , what are the five cardinal relationships in Chinese society and what should these relationships be?Five cardinal relationship: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend and friend. This was explained as “There should be affection between father and son, righteous sense of duty between ruler and minister, division of function between man and wife, stratification between old and young, and good faith between friend. ”2. Can you tell the main influence of Confucianism on the ideology of Chinese people?In traditional Chinese beliefs, especially in Confucianism , collectivism is appreciated .It emphasizes cooperation among group members and individual success is due to the collective effort of the staff in a unit ,an organization or a community .3. Can you tell the main influence of the Renaissance on Western values?In the Renaissance period of England ,people began to emphasize the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life .This is the rudiment of Humanism .People began to respect the humanity from then on ,and then developed into the ideas of what we always call freedom ,democracy .4. What is the difference between collectivism and individualism?Individualism refers to the doctrine that the rights of the individual are the most important ones in a society .Collectivism emphasizes cooperation among group members.(1)Westerners tend to believe that people should rely on themselvesas much as possible--and usually expect other people to do the same .People in collectivist cultures generally feel they have a right to expect help from other members of their groups ,and they also tend to feel they have an obligation to help other members of their groups .(2)Westerners generally feel that the rights of individuals shouldnot be subordinated to the needs of a larger group .People incollectivist cultures are generally more willing to accept the idea that individuals should sacrifice for the benefit of the group.(3)Westerners tend to believe that individuals should make decisionsfor themselves, and that individuals should take credit responsibility for what they are personally done. People in collectivist cultures tend to feel more that they are representative of their group, and to accept more responsibility for other members of their groups too.(4)Westerners tend to view individualism as a good thing .The Chineseterm for “individualism,”geren zhuyi, often has a somewhat negative connotation, and is sometimes used as a synonym for “selfishness”. 5. Why is it said that Americans are selfish? Do you think they are selfish? why or why not?Because Chinese term for “individualism,” geren zhuyi, often has a somewhat negative connotation, and is sometimes used as a synonym for “selfishness”.No, I don’t think so .Individualism refers to the doctrine that the rights of the individual are the most important ones in a society .The word “individualism”has no negative connotation ,in fact ,its connotation is somewhat positive .Unit3Akey concept:Nuclear family 核心家庭 happiness of individual member 个人主义幸福Sense of equality 平等意识 independence and individualism 独立自主1．How do Americans treat their newly-born babies and young adults?The American parents put a newborn in a separate bedroom when the childis a few weeks old. They like to preserve their privacy.2. What is the base of an American marriage? Why is divorce rate so highin the United States?(1)Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in U.S(2)They are extremely idealist about marriage, and they want deeply loved and deeply understood. But it is because American expect so much from marriage that so many divorced.3. What is the typical life of the old people in America? Why don’t they live together with their children?(1)Families place older relatives in nursing homes(2)Theirfnancial support is often provided by government-sponsored, social security or welfare systems. And Older people often seek their own friends rather than becoming too emotionally dependent on their children.Unit3BKey concepts ：A member of many groups 各种群体中的成员Impermanence 暂时Personal goals个人目标/Individual’needs个人需求Responsibilities 职责A series of concentric circles 一系列同心圆Stable 稳固Connection VS contract关系和合约Comprehension questions1.What are the characteristics of American social relationship? Impermanent and loose /individual’s needs come first ./contractual /friendly/compartmentalized/2.Why is American social relationship impermanent?They are members of many groups simultaneously. If they personal goals are no longer being met by a group ,they move on and probably look to new associates for the benefits they used to receive from the former group.3.Can you draw a picture to illustrate the pattern of Chinese socialrelationship? Who are in the inner most part and who are in the outside ?what is the difference between each part?○1I and family dearest friends work colleagueswho are familiar but not so closeEveryone but under obligation everyone else in the geographic area or nation or world○2I and family are in the inner most part while everyone else in the geographic area or nation or world are in the outside.○3 the differencebetween inner and out side is from most important to least important .4.What are the different understanding of friend between Chinese and American ?American social relationship are based on a shared activity, event, or experience, so they have casual, friendly relationships with many people , but deeper, close friendships with only a few.Chinese are likely to react more to the other person as a whole and will avoid forming friendships with those whose values and behaviors are in some way deemed undesirable.Case 1Because Jackson thinks friendship is mostly a matter of providing emotional support and spend time together .This situation creates dependence of one person on the other and it goes against the principle of equality.Case3Q1.They broken their friendship because they finished they common chemistry class and didn’t see each other very much at school .No one should be blamed for it because the different culture between Jordan and the United States lead to different attitudes to friendship.Q2.No I don’t think so. Because American friendship is impermanent andbased on a shared class , activity or event .If one drop of it , the relationship will fragmented.Unit5AKey concepts ：Gentleness and benevolence温柔与仁慈harmony 和谐violence and cruelty暴力和残酷conquest over nature征服自然exquisiteness and taste 精致和品位nutrition and balance 均衡营养pragmatism实用主义1.What are the functions of chopsticks?Chopsticks can nip, pick, rip and stir food.2.What are the possible reasons for Americans＇use of forks and knivesat dinner?Meat was their basic food source and gradually took the place of staplefood. They had to use forks and knives to cut and pork their food.3.Why do Chinese pay more attention to the taste of food?That appeals to the traditional ideology of China. Confucius emphasizedthe delight that food could bring to us. The standards of quality and tastethat Confucius recommended required the perfect blend of ingredients,herbs and condiments---a blend which would result in the perfect combination of flavor.4.Why do Americans pay more attention to nutrition?Because in their eyes ,food or eating is just a way to keep healthy, havinglittle to do with artistry. What they care about most is the nutrition contained in food and the blance of the whole diet structure rather than exquisiteness in cuisine and taste of food.Unit6AKey concepts ：1.Creativity: 创造力the ability to use your imaginationto produce new ideas, make things.2.Exploring:探索1)、to discuss or think about something carefully；2)、to travel around an area in order to find out about it；3)、written to feel something with your hand or another part of your body to find out what it is like3.Self-reliant：自主的able to do or decide things by yourself, without depending on the help or advice of other peopleOriginality：.独创性1. the ability to think and act independently 2. thequality of being new and original (not derived from something else)Molding and shaping: 塑造to guide (sb.) with the intent to control.1、How do the Chinese teach their children ? How do American do? Can youfind the theories supporting the different teaching methods?（1）For Chinese, they show a child how to do the something, or teach themby holding their hands .But in American, they teach children to rely onthemselves for solutions to problems.（2） Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge.unit7AKey concepts；1.Monochronic time : 单一时间an approach that favors linear structure and focus on one event or interaction at a time.2.Polychronic time: 多元时间people may attend to many things happening at once in this approach to time3.linear structure: 线性结构sequential blocks that can be organized, quantified, and scheduled.4 . Schedule oriented:以计划为方向的 people doing one thing at a time during a specified time-period, working on a single task until it is finished.5. People oriented:以人为方向的do not emphasize scheduling by separating time into discrete, fixed segments.6. Punctuality:严守时间 everyone is supposed to arrive on time when attending a formal banquet or meeting appointments.Comprehension questions (p82)1. What is monochromic cultures? What is polychromic cultures? Monochronic cultures typically emphasize doing one thing at a time during a specified time-period, working on a single task until it is finished. Polychronic cultures are involved with many things at once, usually with varying levels of attention paid to each.2. what are the different attitudes monochromic people and polychromic people hold toward time?Monochronic people see time as being divided into fixed elements (seconds, minutes, hours, etc.), sequential blocks that can be organized, quantified, and scheduled. Polychronic people prefer not to have detailed plans imposed on them but want to make their own plans and meet deadlines in their own way.3.What difficulties might an M-time-oriented person encounter when interacting someone who follows a P-time orientation?What kind of feelings might emerge during their meeting?It is at least partially responsible for the reputation of American business being cut off from human beings and unwilling to recognize the importance of employees morale. Feelings of wasted time are not as prevalent or serious as in M-time culures.4．What difficulties might a P-time-oriented person encounter when meeting someone who follows an M-time orientation?What kind of feelings might emerge during their meeting?Nothing is solid or firm, particularly plans for the future, evenimportant plans may be changed right up to the minute of execution. 5．What are the strengths and weaknesses of M-time system and P-time system?M-time systemStrengths: stimulating productive desirableWeaknesses: often feel uncomfortableP-time systemStrengths: oriented punctuality schedules proceduresWeaknesses: wastedUnit9AKey concepts:Silence 沉默 high-context culture 高语境文化 low-context culture 低语境文化implicitness 含蓄 explicitness 明确 impersonal sources of information 客观的信息来源 personal sources of information 人际间的信息来源 verbalizing 以言语表述1.What is high-context culture？What is low-context culture？1) Communication occurs in ways other than through language is high context. It is rely on the context, either the actual physical environment of communicate or communication or an internalized social context or both, to convey a large part or even all of a message's meaning.2) Communication that occurs mostly through language is low context. it is assumed to be understood, messages are explicit ,direct, and completely encoded in words, and meaning is entrusted almost entirely to words.2. How do people of different communicative cultures behave differently in their daily life？High-context are relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative and they use the context to communicate the message. Members of low-context cultures put their thoughts into words. They are logical, linear, individualistic, and action-oriented.?3. What does silence mean in high-context cultures？What is the function of silence in high-context cultures？In high context cultures silence means agreement. can communicate apathy, confusion, repressed hostility, thoughtfulness, contemplation, sadness, regret, obligation, respect, agreement, disagreement, embarrassment, awe or any number of meanings.?4.What does silence means in low-text cultures？Why do the Westerners feel uncomfortable to silence？1). In low-context cultures, silence is often interpreted as the absence of communication. 2) Because silence dose not fit with it’s emphasis on precision and clarify, it may indicate that the receiver of the message did not hear the message, is angry at the message, needs time to think,or is embarrassed.5. Why does silence mean differently in different cultures？Because this is very different from the tendency in individualist culture to verbalize--that is, to put things in words, whether written or oral. Westerners may seek to express a different point of view so as to be recognized or to triumph in presenting a point of view that carries the majority with it .In collectivist cultures, being right isn't as important as being in concord with the group.Case16. Do you think the old Chinese couple tired or not after theLong flight ？Why did he reply with keyi?I think the old Chinese couple tired. Because to the Chinese ,silence means agreement.7. Why did the young traveler reply differently to the same question? Because silence mean differently in different cultures. Westerners may seek to express a different point of view so as to be recognized or to triumph. In presenting a point of view that carries the majority with it.8. According to Chinese custom, what will probably be the response to the young traveler's reply?According to Chinese custom, we will reply that you can have a good rest.Unit9BKey concepts:1.culture shock文化冲击 2.emotional and physical symptoms 情感和身体症状3.bewilderment and disorientation 困惑和迷惘4.adjestment process适应过程Comprehension questions2. how does culture shock affect people who are exposed to a new cultural environment?Culture as the physical and emotional discomfort one suffers when coming to live in another country or a place different from the place of origin. When the way we lived before is not as or considered as normal in the new place.3. What are the five stages of the cultural adjustment process? Does everyone have the same experience?(1) Honeymoon period, culture shock, initial adjustment, mental isolation, acceptance and integration. (2) Individuals experience the stage of adjustment in different ways. It depends on such factors as the newcomer’s personality, age, language and cultural competence, support from family and friends, financial situation, job status, and motivation for being in the new country.4. How do individuals differ in the degree of culture shock? Individuals experience the stage of adjustment in different ways. It depends on such factors as the newcomer’s personality, age, language and cultural competence, support from family and friends, financial situation,job status, and motivation for being in the new country.5. Which suggestion is most helpful to you ？Can you give other suggestions to cope with culture shock?Develop friendship, take a course or read a book on cross-cultural communication, re-exam your values and outlookCase studyCase 11.第一小问自述题，第二小问Chinese students typically focus on single-mindedly on their studies that they lose sight of the larger picture ,that is ,their ultimate role as cultural interpreters between their homeland and the foreign .2..自述题Case 21.找不到具体答案要根据课文理解给出2.自述题Case 31.It seemed that the representative was always changing the subject and they persisted in asking lots of personal questions about Tom2..无找不到确定答案3.During the next few days ,Tom noticed that though they had said they wanted to discuss details of his presentation ,they seemed to spend an inordinate amount of time on inconsequentiality .。
跨文化交际全部答案
跨⽂化交际全部答案参考资料Unit 1 Communication Across CulturesReading IIntercultural Communication：An IntroductionComprehension questions1. Is it still often the case that “everyone?s quick to blame the alien”in the contemporary world?This is still powerful in today…s social and political rhetoric. For instance, it is not uncommon in today…s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems are caused by minorities and immigrants.2. What?s the difference between today?s intercultural contact and that of any time in the past?Today…s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importance than in any time in history.3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life today?New technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do you understand the sentence “culture is everything and everywhere”?Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communication?The three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state).6. What does one?s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in it?The family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world.7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our culture?Because language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning to?People can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturally diverse society exist?A free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without1prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society.Reading IIThe Challenge of GlobalizationComprehension questions1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changed?Many things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past mosthuman beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.2. What a “global village”is like?As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remote cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. In a ―global village‖, members of once isolated groups of people have to communicate with members of other cultural groups. Those people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other.3. What is considered as the major driving force of the post-1945 globalization?Technology, particularly telecommunications and computers are considered to be the major driving force.4. What does the author mean by saying that “the …global?may be more local than the …local?”?The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on human communications make the world seem smaller. We may communicate more with people of other countries than with our neighbors, and we may be more informed of the international events than of thelocal events. In this sense, ―the ?global…may be more local than the ?local…‖.5. Why is it important for businesspeople to know diverse cultures in the world?Effective communication may be the most important competitive advantage that firms have to meet diverse customer needs on a global basis. Succeeding in the global market today requires the ability to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures, a sensitivity that is based on an understanding of cross-cultural differences.6. What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world are confronted with?Countries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatile international economy, shrinking resources, mounting environmental contamination, and epidemics that know no boundaries.7. What implications can we draw from the case of Michael Fay?This case shows that in a world of international interdependence, the ability to understand and communicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on extreme urgency. If we are unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, we may place the blame for communication failure on people of other cultures.8. What attitudes are favored by the author towards globalization?Globalization, for better or for worse, has changed the world greatly. Whether we like it or not,2globalization is all but unstoppable. It is already here to stay. It is both a fact and an opportunity. The challenges are not insurmountable. Solutions exist, and are waiting to be identified and implemented. From a globalistic point of view, there is hope and faith in humanity.Translation纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，⼈们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和⾏为举⽌上存在的差异，⽽长久⽆法互相理解、⽆法和睦相处。
商务沟通Chapter1习题及答案
1.（单选题）Which of the following is the most accurate description of the role that communication will play in your career?A.Ideas matter more than anything, so as long as you arecreative and have strong business sense,you can hire people to take care of communication tasks.B.No matter what other skills,connections,and attributes you have,your prospects will be limited if you don' t have good communication skills.C.In today' s tough business world, performance is the most important differentiator; everything else, including communication,is a distant second.D.As a “soft skill,”communication is important in some careers, such as sales and human resources, but not in technical,financial,or administrative careers.2.（单选题）In the communication process,feedback refers toA.negative criticism in response to miscommunicationB.positive evaluations at any level of the organizationC.verbal or nonverbal messages sent from receiversback to senders after a message has been received3.（单选题）Which of the following is not listed in the chapter as a type of communication barrier？A.Attendance policiesB.Noise and distractionspeting messagesD.Filters【Barriers in the Communication Environment：Noise and distractions、Competing messages、Filters、Channel breakdowns】4.（单选题）Which of the following pairs of attributes best describes the social communication model？A.Interactive and conversationalB.Ethical and instantaneousC.Electronic and printD.Relaxed and unrestricted5.（单选题）Which of these is not one of the advantages of mobile communication discussed in the chapter 1？A.Giving employees more flexility to meettheir personal and professional obligationsB.Guaranteeing ethical treatment of message recipientsC.Enhancing productivity and collaborationD.Creating more-engaging experiences for customers and other users【The potential benefits of communication technology include:Greater effectiveness、Greater efficiency、Better and easier research、Improved decision making、Fewer barriers】通讯技术的潜在好处包括:更大的效果，更大的效率，更好更容易的研究，改进的决策，更少的障碍6.（单选题）Giving computers the ability to understand language in the ways humans tend to speak and write is known asA.human language processingB.natural language processingputers peakD.artificial language7.（单选题）Effective business messages areA.entertaining,blunt,direct,opinionated,and persuasiveB.practical,objective,concise,clear,and persuasiveC.personal,clear,short,catchy,and challenging8.（单选题）A company’s stakeholders are（）A.any individuals or groups affected in a significant way by the company' s activitiesB.anyone who owns shares in the companyC.employees, except for unionized workforcesD.anyone who suffers as a result of the company' s actions【Effective communication strengthens the connections between a company and all its stakeholders, which are any persons or organizations significantly affected by the company’s business decisions and operations. 】9.（单选题）An audience-centered approach to communicationA.starts with the assumption that the audience is always rightB.improves the effectiveness of communication byfocusing on the information needs of the audienceC.is generally a waste of time because it doesn' t accommodate the needs of the senderD.always simplifies the tasks involved in planning and creatingmessages10.（单选题）Ethical communicationA.is the same thing as legal communicationB.costs more because there are so many rules to considerC.is important only for companies that sell toconsumers rather than to other businessesD.includes all the information an audience needs in order to make an informed decision or take an informed stance on an issue and is not deceptive in any way 11.（单选题）Which of the following does the chapter list as apotential disadvantage of the social communication model？A.The inability to share live camera imagesB.The reluctance of new employees to engage on social mediaC.The cost of equipping every employee with a secure mobile phoneD.The complexity created by having more information sources to monitor【Social communication has two potential disadvantages for business:less control over messages、greater complexity】社交对企业来说有两个潜在劣势:对消息的控制更少，更复杂12.（单选题）Which of these is not one of the benefits of business communication technology listed in the chapter？A.Making communication more effectiveB.Giving introverted employees the same opportunity to contribute as their more extroverted colleaguesC.Making communication more efficientD.Improving research tools to help communicators discover,process,and apply information13.（单选题）Which of these best describes theuse of artificial intelligence in business today？A.Only high-tech companies use Al today, although others might in the futureB.Al is now used extensively in business and business communicationC.Today’s consumers rarely come in contact with Al-enabled systemsD.After failed attempts at strong or generaI Al,businesses have largely abandoned Al14.（填空题）An ethical （dilemma）exists when a person is facedwith conflicting but ethical choices or alternatives that are neither entirely right nor entirely wrong; an ethical （lapse）occurs when a person makes an unethical choice15.（填空题）In the conventional communication process，senders_encode__ideas into messages,and receivers_decode_those messages to extract the ideas1.(单选题)下面哪一项能最准确地描述沟通在你的职业生涯中所扮演的角色?A.想法比什么都重要，所以只要你有创造力和很强的商业意识，你就可以雇人来处理沟通任务。
跨文化商务沟通 chapter 1
capabilities
Introductory Case
McDonald Tries to Adapt Itself to Local Culture
Discussion Questions:
1.4 Some related Cultural terms
Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism is a social concept in which several groups of people from different culture and ethnic co-exist within one society. It means “the co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and is manifested in customary behaviors, cultural assumptions and values, patterns of thinking, and communicative styles”.
1.2 The Key Characteristics of Culture
Culture is learned.
Culture is learned from the people you interact with as you are socialized. This notion that culture is acquired through the process of learning has several important implications for the conduct of international business.
GBS191.新媒体时代的跨文化商务沟通 跨文化商务沟通课后答案
新媒体时代的跨文化商务沟通跨文化商务沟通课后答案【摘要】在商务活动中，拥有不同文化背景的人们通过某种特定的媒介相互传递着信息、思想、知识以及情感，这一过程被称为跨文化商务沟通。
新媒介与新技术的不断涌现，通过沟通媒体进行的跨文化商务沟通也因新媒体的介入进入了全新的时代。
新媒体的介入使得跨文化商务沟通呈现出新的特点。
【关键词】新媒体；跨文化；商务沟通一、跨文化商务沟通与媒体在商务活动中，拥有不同文化背景的人们通过某种特定的媒介相互传递着信息、思想、知识以及情感，这一过程被称为跨文化商务沟通。
?譹?訛随着经济全球化趋势的日益明显、国际商务活动的日益频繁，现代企业跨国经营中越来越显示出对多元文化理解的必要性和跨文化沟通的重要性。
可以说，跨文化商务沟通意味着直接的经济效益。
一个企业要想使自己的产品在国际市场上占有一席之地，一个跨国公司想在其他国家或地区取得经济效益，那就不仅需要具备雄厚的经济实力、发达的专业技术和高超的管理水平，而且需要深刻了解对象国的文化，建立起一套成熟完善的商务沟通体系，用以消除文化误解、化解文化冲突，来保证企业行为的顺利进行以及实现企业利益的最大化。
作为现代企业行为中一个至关重要的环节，商务沟通是通过媒体来实现的。
媒体是在传播者和接受者之间进行信息传递的工具。
不同媒体的使用决定了商务沟通不同的表现形式：口头沟通、书面沟通、网络沟通和非言语沟通等等。
传统的商务沟通媒体多为电话、电子邮件、信件、报告及面对面的交谈等形式。
不论是企业内部的共享信息、协调活动、感情交流，还是企业之间的信息收集、资源共享、协同合作，商务沟通都扮演着企业经营管理中不可替代的角色。
特别是随着现代经济活动国际化程度的加深，跨文化管理成为商务活动的重要内容，文化差异所带来的文化冲突要经过日常的文化交流与思想沟通才能消除。
跨文化商务沟通通过各种沟通媒体，克服文化隔阂产生的矛盾，解决文化差异，防止文化冲突，在企业跨文化经营管理中发挥着不可或缺的重要作用。
跨文化商务沟通_西南财经大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
跨文化商务沟通_西南财经大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.在跨文化沟通中，人们认为本国各项条件最优，会容易导致沟通障碍。
另一种应对差异性的文化态度则是尊重东道国差异性，任用当地员工，这是跨文化沟通中的哪种态度？答案:多中心主义2.面对跨文化环境时能够理解其他文化非语言表达方式，并建立信任关系，这属于答案:社会资本3.韦纳归因理论不包含哪个原因？答案:周围环境4.在异国一段时间后，面临越来越多的文化差异，交通、不熟悉的食物、语言障碍等使旅居者思乡、沮丧，此时处于文化休克的哪一阶段？答案:危机期5.有时候人们在会话中违反合作原则以达到幽默、嘲讽、一语双关等效果。
A因为开车速度太快被警察拦下，A问道：“是我车速太快了吗？”，警察回答：“你只是飞的太低了。
” 这段对话违反了合作原则的哪一项？答案:质的准则6.语调可以表达不同的感情色彩，属于哪种非语言沟通方式？答案:副语言7.下列哪项不是女性沟通的特点？答案:谈话呈线性流动、目的明确8.外派人员归国后面临诸多问题，下列哪个不属于组织层面的解决方式？答案:开发利用人际关系网，与母国和母公司文化加强联系9.不同国家的人们问候方式不同，在哪个国家，人们习惯拥抱问候并通常会在对方后背上轻拍两下？答案:墨西哥10.在商务活动中，下列哪个国家不喜欢寒暄？答案:德国11.在哪国文化中，13日的星期五被认为是倒霉的一天？答案:美国12.下列哪个是低语境文化的特点？答案:强调言语沟通甚于非言语沟通13.商务信件中，（）通常用一种积极的写作方式来阐述负面消息，而这种行为方式会使美国的合作伙伴认为他有所隐瞒。
答案:日本人14.不同国家颜色有不同的含义，出席葬礼时，美国、日本、非洲国家倾向于什么颜色的服饰？答案:黑色、白色、红色15.哪个国家在商务活动中不注重守时？答案:阿拉伯16.文化冰山论中的显性部分主要指人们的暴露行为或者容易被人们观察到部分，比如行为习惯和语言等，是文化中更为重要的基础部分。
智慧树答案跨文化商务沟通知到课后答案章节测试2022年
第一章1.The belief that your own cultural background, including ways of analyzingproblems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is superior.答案:ethnocentrism2.The total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions andcommunication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down throughthe generations in an identifiable group of people.答案:culture3. A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through acommon system of symbols, signs, or behavior, or the exchange of thoughts,messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.答案:noise4.The communication is within business and administration, aiming at acommon objective and profits for both the individuals and organizations.答案:business communication5.The communication at the same level in an organization.答案:horizontalcommunication6.When culture is contrasted with nature, it can be defined as “ life way of apopulation” in its broad sense, meaning what characterizes the particularway of life of a population.答案:错7.Culture is all men’s medium; there is no aspect of human life that is nottouched and altered by culture.答案:对8.The culture shown in an onion consists of two levels; a level of norms andvalues, or an invisible level of resultant behavior or artifacts of some form.答案:错9.Culture cannot be known without a study of communication, andcommunication can only be understood with an understanding of the culture it supports.答案:对10.In the global village, neighbors communicate free of troubles and difficulties.答案:错11.With the integration of language into the fabric of culture, confusion anddysfunction would reign and the culture would fail.答案:错第二章1.Agood mastery of grammar of one language can guarantee a successfulcommunication.答案:错2.Long before writing was developed, welearned to speak first.答案:对3.There should always be an attachment at the end of a business memo.答案:错4.Arecommendation reportis torecommend something to others.答案:错5.Which is not verbal communication?答案:Greeting with a smile6.________ refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.答案:Noise7.It is a universal truth that language is ____ by culture and in turn it ______culture.答案:influenced, reflects8.Why should we take notes during a business call?答案:Report on the call tosomeone else;Listen attentively;Serves as a record to take follow-up action 9.How can you identify your audience in preparing a business presentation?答案:Interest;Occupation;Age10.Before making a business call, what kind of questions can you reflect? 答案:Do you need to get information?;Do you want to sell something, orconvince the person of an idea?;Do you need to ask for the person’s help orsupport?第三章1.Nonverbal behavior reflects t he speaker’s subconciousness.答案:对2.Depending on the culture, a smilecan indicate joy and amusement, it can alsoindicate embarrassment.答案:对3.Posture is the position in which you hold your body when standing or sitting.答案:对4.Intimatedistance is most common when friends, old classmates,acquaintances and relatives talk.答案:错5.People in ______ cultures usually view silence as lack of communication andare generally ________ with it.答案:low context uncomfortable6.Which of the following countries uses high-context language?答案:Japan7.The function of nonverbal signs is sometimes indispensible. For example,placing your index finger to your lips as an alternative to saying “Please calm down so that I can speak” is a case of ________.答案:substituting8.Which statements are correct about nonverbal communication?答案:Nonverbal behavior accounts for much of the meaning we derive fromconversation.;Nonverbal communication is more than the complement ofverbal communication.;Asmilesometimesdoesn’t mea n a sincere smile9.How does nonverbal behavior control the pace or flow of communication?答案:Gestureof stopping;Raise voice;Clap hands;Be silent10.Which of the countries belong to individualistic culture?答案:America;Italy;France第四章1.Power distance is a conceptual was developed by Hofstede to describe答案:the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations andinstitutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally2.Hofstede’s _____ index measures the extent to which the less powerfulmembers of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.答案:power distance3.These are the most significant studies of cultural values except _______.答案:Fons Trompenars’s model of culture with seven dimensions4.The opinion that everyone has a position and clearly defined privileges is____.答案:a view of hierarchical structure of social relationship5.Low-context communication is characterized by explicit speaking.答案:对6.Chinese culture is high-context in comparison to western culture.答案:对7.Cultures with a large power distance are hierarchical cultures.答案:对8.At the core of uncertainty avoidance is the idea that the future is predictable.答案:错9.Power distance in Hofstede's cultural dimensions is roughly similar to thevalue Kluckhohncalls hierarchy.答案:错10.In a culture emphasizing masculinity, it is more possible for men to play anurturing role.答案:错第五章1.Etiquette is simply showing respect for others. 答案:错2.Etiquette refers to the guideline for knowing how to behave appropriately inall situations.答案:对3.Kiss greeting usually happen between two men in the United States.答案:错4.It’s OK to write on someone’s business card.答案:错5. A handshake should be friendly or respectful gesture, not a show of physicalstrength. So we should not squeeze other’s hand too hard.答案:对6.Before a dish is served, napkins can be placed either on the plate or on theleft of forks. 答案:对7.You’re invited to a business dinner. When do you take your napkin from thetable and place it on your lap? 答案:Wait for the host to take his or hernapkin before taking yours.8.Which of the following behavior is appropriate in a business dinner?答案:Usethe knife with your right hand.;Sip from the side of the spoon when eatingsoup.9.What are the benefits of humor in the workplace? 答案:Humor can help solveproblems.;Humor can reduce stress.;Humor can block negativeemotions.;Humor can help people develop rapport with each other.10.In many Asian countries, the way you treat someone’s business card is areflection of:答案:What you think of their country.;How much you respectthem as a person.;company and title.;How serious you are about the outcome of the meeting.第六章1.Insome high-context cultures, public display of emotionsis a sign ofimmaturity and a potential cause of shame to the group.答案:对2.Whether an international business negotiation succeeds or not is not onlydetermined by the strategies and skills used in formal negotiation, but alsoclosely related to whether enough careful preparation has been made.答案:对3.In the opening phase, the atmosphere is the only factor we should consider.答案:错4.Bargaining strength refers to the degree of movement that is possible foreach party with respect to individual issues on the agenda.答案:错5.In some Asian cultures, they will use communication to encourage harmony,preserve face, and develop ________relationships.答案:Long-term6.The purpose of bargaining is to settle the differences that stand in the way ofan agreement. Settling the differences involves ________.答案:adjustment and compromise7.The proposal should be based on a sound analysis of the buyer’s currentsituation, taking into account of ________ and ________ within which thetransaction takes place.答案:the commercial circumstances, the overallcontext8.Differences in ________,________,and ________have a profound impact on howsuccessfully the parties are able to negotiate or conduct businesstransactions.答案:Behaving;Managing conflict;Ways of thinking9.The political system, ________, and the counterpart may in some waydetermine the success or failure of the negotiation. 答案:The legalsystem ;The business system ;The financial system;Infrastructure andlogistics system10.The specific tasks of the opening phase are concluded:答案:To state proposalin opening phase;To declare for our intention;To explain the concreteissue;To create suitable atmosphere。
超星跨文化交际课后答案
超星跨文化交际课后答案第一题：什么是跨文化交际？跨文化交际是指在不同文化和语境中进行有效的沟通和理解。
它涉及到人与人之间的交流、理解和互动，突出了不同文化之间存在的语言、价值观、信仰、习俗等方面的差异。
第二题：为什么跨文化交际重要？跨文化交际对于个人和组织来说都非常重要。
对个人而言，跨文化交际可以帮助他们开阔视野，增加对不同文化的理解和尊重，提高他们的全球意识。
对组织而言，跨文化交际可以帮助他们打入国际市场，与不同文化背景的客户和合作伙伴建立良好的关系，提高竞争力。
第三题：请列举并解释五个跨文化交际的要素。
1.语言：不同语言之间存在着差异，包括词汇、语法结构、发音等方面。
在跨文化交际中，语言是一种重要的沟通工具，要善于运用语言技巧来解决交流障碍。
2.非语言表达：除了语言外，还有许多非语言的方式来进行交流，比如姿势、表情、眼神、肢体动作等。
在跨文化交际中，要注意非语言表达的差异，避免因为非言语沟通的误解而引发冲突。
3.价值观：不同文化背景的人对于价值观的看法有所不同。
比如，对于一个文化来说，个人主义可能被强调，而对于另一个文化来说，集体主义可能更受重视。
了解不同文化的价值观差异，可以帮助我们更好地理解对方。
4.礼仪习俗：不同文化之间存在着各种不同的礼仪习俗。
比如，有些文化在见面时会握手，有些文化则会鞠躬。
了解并尊重对方的礼仪习俗，可以在交流中避免冲突和误解。
5.跨文化意识：跨文化意识是指对不同文化之间的差异和联系有充分的认识和敏锐的觉察。
它包括对自己文化的理解和认同，对其他文化的尊重和欣赏，以及在跨文化交际中灵活应对的能力。
第四题：列举并解释五个有效的跨文化交际策略。
1.学习对方的语言：学习对方的语言可以帮助我们更好地理解对方，并且可以展示我们对对方文化的尊重。
即使只是掌握一些简单的常用语，也能在交流中起到积极的作用。
2.尊重对方的差异：在跨文化交际中，我们应该尊重对方的差异，避免将自己的观念强加于对方。
2020智慧树,知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试[完整答案]
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2020智慧树,知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试[完整答案]智慧树知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试答案见面课：冰山之下--商业广告中的文化价值观1、问题:Culture is like an iceberg. Only a small part of culture is visible. For instance, food, dress, paintings are all apparent to eyes. But a great part of culture is hidden under the water, such as _, , and so on.选项：A:viewsB:attitudesC:architectureD:customs答案: 【views;attitudes;customs】2、问题:Originally Geert Hofsted developed a model that identifies four primary cultural dimensions: _, , Individualism versus Collectivism, ___.选项：A:Power DistanceB:Long- versus Short-Term OrientationC:Uncertainty AvoidanceD:Masculinity versus Femininity答案: 【Power Distance;Uncertainty Avoidance;Masculinity versus Femininity】3、问题:Chinese consumers can be ascribed to the values of conformity and“face”.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】4、问题:It”s better for advertisers to realize and take note of the different cultural values and make corresponding adjustments to their advertising appeals.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】5、问题:The Americans have the spirit of innovation and risk-taking. They are not willing to cope with uncertainties inherent in life and can tolerate and accept new ideas and strangers.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】见面课：商业宣讲实践1、问题:In the presentation of GTech, the first part is to introduce some basic information about GTech.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】2、问题:PPT with paragraphs of text significantly decreases the attention of the audience.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】3、问题:Keeping your hands in your pockets during the presentation shows your confidence.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】4、问题:Images in PPT can distract people”s attention andmake the message less powerful.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】5、问题:A subtle nod, smile or placement of your hands can drastically change the meaning of your words.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】6、问题:What is the most obvious difference among informative presentation, persuasive presentation, and goodwill presentation? ( )选项：A:the audienceB:the informationC:the purposeD:the language答案: 【the purpose】7、问题:GTech is a __ company ( )选项：A:foodB:technicalC:mediaD:consultative答案: 【food】8、问题:Which is NOT the need of Japanese hospitals on robot nurses? ( )选项：A:error-orientedB:integratedC:autonomousD:error-free答案: 【error-oriented】9、问题:Which can NOT help you identify your audience in preparing a business presentation? ( )选项：A: AgeB:AppearanceC:OccupationD:Interest答案: 【Appearance】10、问题:Which can NOT attract audience”s attention? ( )选项：A:Use a rising intonationB:Stress important wordsC:Use short sentences at the start of a pointD:Keep on talking答案: 【Keep on talking】见面课：跨文化商务谈判模拟1、问题:In some Asian cultures, such as in China and Japan, they will adapt the indirect approach.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】2、问题:To the successful negotiations, the two sides must first understand the cultural differences.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】3、问题:High-context cultures are relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】4、问题:Germans make it very clear about the prices, conditions and ways of acting.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】5、问题:According to the negotiating objectives, goals for negotiations can be included:desired goal, acceptable goal and bottom goal.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】6、问题:It is appropriate to use your right hand to exchange business cards in Indian cultures.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】7、问题:Saudis do require as much personal space as most Western cultures.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】8、问题:There should be no more than three colors in business formal attire for men.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】9、问题:In Finland, a gift is not expected on the first visit, but would be expected on a subsequent visit.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】见面课：障碍与沟通--跨文化商务案例分析1、问题:What are the reasons for the Toyota Recall Crisis?选项：A:The failure of the public relationsB:A culture of deferenceC:Employee”s LoyaltyD:Communication across cultures答案: 【The failure of the public relations;A culture of deference;Employee”s Loyalty;Communication across cultures】2、问题:When responding to consumer safety issues, the typical Japanese corporation”s response is __.选项：A:Minimization of the problemB:Reluctance to recall the productC:Criticize the team membersD:too little compassion and concern for customers 答案: 【Minimization of the problem;Reluctance to recall the product;too little compassion and concern for customers】3、问题:There are many ways of examining cultural differences and their impact on international management. Culture can affect ____.选项：A:technology transferB:managerial attitudesC:managerial ideologyD:business-government relations答案: 【technology transfer;managerial attitudes;managerial ideology;business-government relations】4、问题:How can the culture of a society directly affect management approaches?选项：A:centralized versus decentralized decision makingB:safety versus riskC:stability versus innovationD:individual versus organization loyalty答案: 【centralized versus decentralized decision making; safety versus risk;stability versus innovation】5、问题:Which statement in the following French culture is not right?选项：A:Social class is important and social interactions are affected by class stereotypes.B:The French may admire or be fascinated with people who disagree with them.C:The French are very status conscious, and they like to provide signs of their status.D:The French focus on good connections, which can result in lower costs for doing business.答案: 【The French focus on good connections, which can result in lower costs for doing business.】6、问题:Which factor needs to be considered when pursuing business in Brazil?选项：A:Physical contact is acceptable as a form of communication.B:Brazilians tend to trust others, so be sure to form a strong relationship before bringing up business issues.C:Appearance is very important, as it will reflect both you and your company.D:Patience is not important.答案: 【Physical contact is acceptable as a form of communication.;Appearance is very important, as it will reflect both you and your company.】第一章1、The belief that your own cultural background, including ways of analyzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is superior.culturecommunicationethnocentrismsender答案: ethnocentrism2、The total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.intercultural communicationculturebusiness communicationfeedback答案: culture3、A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior, or the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.ethnocentrismnoisecommunicationhorizontal communication答案: noise4、The communication is within business and administration, aiming at a common objective and profits for both the individuals and organizations.lateral communicationethnocentrismbusiness communicationintercultural communication答案: business communication5、The communication at the same level in an organization. horizontal communicationethnocentrismbusiness communicationlateral communication答案: horizontal communication6、When culture is contrasted with nature, it can be defined as“ life way of a population” in its broad sense, meaning whatcharacterizes the particular way of life of a population.对错答案: 错7、Culture is all men”s medium; there is no aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture.对错答案: 对8、The culture shown in an onion consists of two levels;a level of norms and values, or an invisible level of resultant behavior or artifacts of some form.对错答案: 错9、Culture cannot be known without a study of communication, and communication can only be understood with an understanding of the culture it supports.对错答案: 对10、In the global village, neighbors communicate free oftroubles and difficulties.对错答案: 错11、With the integration of language into the fabric of culture, confusion and dysfunction would reign and the culture would fail.对错答案: 错第二章1、A good mastery of grammar of one language can guaranteea successful communication.对错答案: 错2、Long before writing was developed,we learned to speak first.对错答案: 对3、There should always be an attachment at the end of abusiness memo.对错答案: 错4、A recommendation report is to recommend something to others.对错答案: 错5、Which is not verbal communication?Chat with your leaders and colleaguesDiscuss an issue in a groupGreeting with a smileLeave a message答案: Greeting with a smile6、____ refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.NoiseMessageSourceContext答案: Noise7、It is a universal truth that language is by culture and in turn it __ culture.influenced, reflectsdisplayed, influencesdetermined, reflectsshaped, influences答案: influenced, reflects8、Why should we take notes during a business call?Listen attentivelyServes as a record to take follow-up actionReport on the call to someone elseReflect on the call答案: Listen attentively,Serves as a record to take follow-up action,Report on the call to someone else9、How can you identify your audience in preparing a business presentation?AgeAppearanceInterestOccupation答案: Age,Interest,Occupation10、Before making a business call, what kind of questionscan you reflect?Do you need to report to your boss?Do you need to get information?Do you want to sell something, or convince the person of an idea?Do you need to ask for the person”s help or support?答案: Do you need to get information?,Do you want to sell something, or convince the person of an idea?,Do you need to ask for the person”s help or support?第三章1、Nonverbal behavior reflects the speaker”s subconciousness.对错答案:A2、Depending on the culture,a smile can indicate joy and amusement, it can also indicate embarrassment.对错答案:A3、Posture is the position in which you hold your body when standing or sitting.对错答案:对4、Intimate distance is most common when friends, old classmates, acquaintances and relativestalk.对错答案:错5、People in __ cultures usually view silence as lack of communication and are generally ____ with it.low context uncomfortablehigh context uncomfortablelow context comfortablehigh context comfortable答案:low context uncomfortable6、Which of the following countries uses high-context language?CanadaGermanyJapanUnited States答案:Japan7、The function of nonverbal signs is sometimes indispensible. For example, placing your index finger to your lips as an alternative to saying“Please calm down so that I can speak” is a case of ____.complementingrepeatingcontradictingsubstituting答案:substituting8、Which statements are correct about nonverbalcommunication?Nonverbal behavior is easily controlledA smile sometimes doesn”t mean a sincere smileNonverbal behavior accounts for much of the meaning we derive from conversation.Nonverbal communication is more than the complement of verbal communication.答案:9、How does nonverbal behavior control the pace or flow of communication?Be silentGesture of stoppingClap handsRaise voice答案:Be silent Gesture of stopping Clap hands Raise voice 10、Which of the countries belong to individualistic culture?ItalyAmericaFranceGreece答案:Italy America France第四章1、Power distance is a conceptual was developed by Hofstede to describethe extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequallythe power of multinational organizationsthe power differential between developed and less developed countriesthe power difference between men and women答案:2、Hofstede”s _ index measures the extent to which the lesspowerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. value orientationcultural dimensionscultural valuespower distance答案:power distance3、These are the most significant studies of cultural values except ___.Hall's High- and Low- Context TheoryKluckhohn and Strodtbeck's five Value Orientations Fons Trompenars”s model of culture with seven dimensions Geert Hofstede's six Cultural Dimensions答案:Fons Trompenars”s model of culture with seven dimensions4、The opinion that everyone has a position and clearly defined privileges is____.a view of hierarchical structure of social relationship a view of group orientation of social relationshipa view of individual orientation structure of social relationshipnone of the above答案:a view of hierarchical structure of social relationship5、Low-context communication is characterized by explicit speaking.对错答案:对6、Chinese culture is high-context in comparison to western culture.对错答案:对7、Cultures with a large power distance are hierarchical cultures.对错答案:对8、At the core of uncertainty avoidance is the idea that the future is predictable.对错答案:错9、Power distance in Hofstede's cultural dimensions is roughly similar to the value Kluckhohn calls hierarchy.对错答案:错10、In a culture emphasizing masculinity, it is more possible for men to play a nurturing role.对错答案:错第五章1、Etiquette is simply showing respect for others.对错答案:错2、Etiquette refers to the guideline for knowing how to behave appropriately in all situations.对错答案:A3、Kiss greeting usually happen between two men in the United States.错答案:错4、It”s OK to write on someone”s business card.对错答案:B5、A handshake should be friendly or respectful gesture, not a show of physical strength. So we should not squeeze other”s hand too hard.对错答案:A6、Before a dish is served, napkins can be placed either on the plate or on the left of forks.对错答案:A7、You”re invited to a business dinner. When do you take your napkin from the table and place it on your lap?Open it immediately.Wait for the host to take his or her napkin before takingWait for the oldest person at the table to take his or hers. Wait for all the ladies to take theirs before taking yours if you are a gentle man.答案:Wait for the host to take his or her napkin before taking yours.8、Which of the following behavior is appropriate in a business dinner?Use the napkin to wipe your nose.Cut all the food in your plate into small pieces.Sip from the side of the spoon when eating soup.Use the knife with your right hand.答案:CD9、What are the benefits of humor in the workplace?Humor can reduce stress.Humor can block negative emotions.Humor can help people develop rapport with each other. Humor can help solve problems.答案:ABCD10、In many Asian countries, the way you treat someone”s business card is a reflection of:How serious you are about the outcome of the meeting.How much you respect them as a person.What you think of their country.company and title.答案:ABCD第六章1、In some high-context cultures, public display of emotions is a sign of immaturity and a potential cause of shame to the group.对错答案:A2、Whether an international business negotiation succeeds or not is not only determined by the strategies and skills used in formal negotiation, but also closely related to whether enough careful preparation has been made.对错答案:A3、In the opening phase, the atmosphere is the only factor we should consider.对错答案:错4、Bargaining strength refers to the degree of movement that is possible for each party with respect to individual issues on the agenda.对错答案:错5、In some Asian cultures, they will use communication to encourage harmony, preserve face, and develop ____ relationships.Short-termLong-termMiddle-termShort run答案:Long-term6、The purpose of bargaining is to settle the differences that stand in the way of an agreement. Settling the differences involves____.high-context and low-contextconcession andreappraisaladjustment and compromiseaims and objectives答案:adjustment and compromise7、The proposal should be based on a sound analysis of the buyer”s current situation, taking into account of ____ and ____ within which the transaction takes place.the commercial circumstances, the overall contextthe corporate credit, the bank accounting bookthe manager”s stability, the site selectionthe commercial invoice, the chief negotiator”s ability 答案:the commercial circumstances, the overall context 8、Differences in____, ____, and____ have a profound impact on how successfully the parties are able to negotiate or conduct business transactions.BehavingWays of thinkingManaging conflictHuman resources答案:9、The political system,____, and the counterpart may in some way determine the success or failure of the negotiation. The legal systemThe business systemThe financial systemInfrastructure and logistics system答案:ABCD10、The specific tasks of the opening phase are concluded: To explain the concrete issueTo create suitable atmosphereTo state proposal in opening phaseTodeclare for our intention答案:ABCD。
跨文化商务交际智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下山东管理学院
跨文化商务交际智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下山东管理学院山东管理学院第一章测试1.Verbal communication is the transferring of thoughts between individualsonly via spoken messages.答案:错nguage and culture are closely related, reflecting, influencing and shapingeach other.答案:对3.Verbal communication is not as clarified and efficient as other ways ofcommunication, e.g. written communication.答案:错4.The terms of intercultural communication and international communicationcan be used interchangeably.答案:对5.When culture is contrasted with nature, it can be defined as life way of apopulation in its broad sense, meaning what characterizes the particular way of life of a population.答案:错6.With the integration of language into the fabric of culture, confusion anddysfunction would reign and the culture would fail.答案:错7.（）is the communication at the same level in an organization.答案:horizontal communication8.（）is the communication is within business and administration, aiming at acommon objective and profits for both the individuals and organizations.答案:business communication9.It is a set of symbols and the rules for combining those symbols and rulesthat are used and understood by a large community of people.答案:language10.lt is the study of how speakers use the language to reach successfulcommunication, and the study of the effect that language has on humanperceptions and behaviors.答案:pragmatics第二章测试1.Knowing about these five stages will help people adjust to a new culturemore quickly.答案:对2.In the five stages of culture shock, the first stage (honeymoon stage) isusually the shortest.答案:对3.For some multinational firms, they can alleviate culture shock by selectingemployees for overseas assignments who possess certain personal andprofessional qulifications.答案:对4.Every returnee will experience a reverse culture shock coming back homeafter spending much time abroad.答案:错5.The easier it is to adjust to a new culture, the easier it is to readjust to homeculture.答案:错6.In the ( ), people will have a very positive impression of the new culture.答案:honeymoon stage7.When a person enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues areremoved, he or she is like ( ).答案:a fish out of water8.Culture shock CANNOT be ( ).答案:avoided9.Which of the following are the psychological symptoms of culture shock?答案:excessive concern for health or security;feeling like you have no control over your life;crying;feeling helpless and dependent10.Which of the following are the psysical symptoms of culture shock?答案:use of alcohol and drugs;a decline in work quality;craving “homecooking”;great concern over minor pains and skin eruptions第三章测试1.Which is not the characteristics of nonverbal communication?()答案:Discontinuous2.Nonverbal messages can be more emotional in their appeal and impact thanverbal ones.（）答案:对3.What are the unique functions of Nonverbal communication in interpersonalcommunication?()答案:replacing;conveying;regulating;modifying4.Different countries has the same gestures in greetings .(）答案:错5.All communicative body movements are generally classified as kinesics.答案:对6.Which statemate is true describing greetings in Thailand?答案:people put their hands together and bow7.Gestures are culture-specific。
胡文仲《跨文化交际学概论》课后习题详解(第1章 跨文化交际)【圣才出品】
让知识带有温度。
胡文仲《跨文化交际学概论》课后习题详解(第1章跨文化交际)【圣才出品】第1章跨文化交际1．在你的日常活动中哪些是比较典型的跨文化交际？答：具有不同文化背景的人从事交际的过程就是跨文化交际，日常活动中比较典型的跨文化交际有：（1）进出口公司的工作人员与外国商人谈生意；（2）我们和外国旅游者、外国留同学、外国老师交往；（3）阅读外国小说，观察外国电影、电视节目的过程等等。
2．你认为强调个人之间的文化差异有什么利弊？答：强调个人之间的文化差异的利弊有：（1）利：每个人都隶属于若干群体，而且，没有两个人隶属的群体是彻低相同的。
即使在同一群体中每个人的态度、价值和信心也不会彻低一样。
因此，每个人都应当被认为是独特的，强调个人的差异，就是在从地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面来讨论不同文化对个体的影响，这有助于跨文化交际深化开展。
（2）弊：过于强调个人间的文化差异也有一定弊端，个体只是一种或多种文化的详细状况，按照传统的观念，文化通常不是指个人行为，而是指一个群体的生活方式和习惯，个人间的差异讨论惟独在我们把他们当作群体代表时才故意义，没听过“个人文化”的说法。
过分强调个人文化间的差异会使跨文化交际变得十分繁琐，实际上取消第1页/共2页千里之行，始于足下了跨文化讨论的意义。
3．我国的地区文化差异是否可以作为跨文化交际讨论的重要方面？答：我国的地区文化差异可以作为跨文化交际讨论的重要方面。
（1）跨文化交际讨论的重要性排序如下：主流文化——亚文化——地区文化——小群体文化。
（2）地区文化的差异是跨文化交际讨论的重要课题之一。
我国幅员辽阔、地域广袤，地势凹凸起伏，地形复杂多变，因为空间分布差异，各地区形成了具有各自地方特色的区域文化。
（3）同时，我国是一个多民族国家，每个民族都有自己的民族文化传统，这些也构成了地区文化的一部分。
这些地区文化，从总体上看，特点显著，区分性强，差异性大，值得举行跨文化讨论。
智慧树知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试答案
智慧树知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试答案第一章1、The belief that your own cultural background, including ways of analyzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is superior.culturecommunicationethnocentrismsender答案: ethnocentrism2、The total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.intercultural communicationculturebusiness communicationfeedback答案: culture3、A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior, or the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.ethnocentrismnoisecommunicationhorizontal communication答案: noiseand profits for both the individuals and organizations.lateral communicationethnocentrismbusiness communicationintercultural communication答案: business communication5、The communication at the same level in an organization.horizontal communicationethnocentrismbusiness communicationlateral communication答案: horizontal communication6、When culture is contrasted with nature, it can be defined as “ life way of a population” in its broad sense, meaning what characterizes the particular way of life of a population.对错答案: 错7、Cul ture is all men’s medium; there is no aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture.对错答案: 对8、The culture shown in an onion consists of two levels; a level of norms and values, or an invisible level of resultant behavior or artifacts of some form.错答案: 错9、Culture cannot be known without a study of communication, and communication can only be understood with an understanding of the culture it supports.对错答案: 对10、In the global village, neighbors communicate free of troubles and difficulties.对错答案: 错11、With the integration of language into the fabric of culture, confusion and dysfunction would reign and the culture would fail.对错答案: 错第二章1、A good mastery of grammar of one language can guarantee a successful communication.对错答案: 错2、Long before writing was developed,we learned to speak first.对答案: 对3、There should always be an attachment at the end of a business memo.对错答案: 错4、A recommendation report is to recommend something to others.对错答案: 错5、Which is not verbal communication?Chat with your leaders and colleaguesDiscuss an issue in a groupGreeting with a smileLeave a message答案: Greeting with a smile6、____ refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.NoiseMessageSourceContext答案: Noise7、It is a universal truth that language is by culture and in turn it __ culture.influenced, reflectsdisplayed, influencesdetermined, reflectsshaped, influences答案: influenced, reflects8、Why should we take notes during a business call?Listen attentivelyServes as a record to take follow-up actionReport on the call to someone elseReflect on the call答案: Listen attentively,Serves as a record to take follow-up action,Report on the call to someone else9、How can you identify your audience in preparing a business presentation?AgeAppearanceInterestOccupation答案: Age,Interest,Occupation10、Before making a business call, what kind of questions can you reflect?Do you need to report to your boss?Do you need to get information?Do you want to sell something, or convince the person of an idea?Do you need to ask for the person’s help or support?person of an idea?,Do you need to ask for the person’s help or support?第三章1、Nonverbal behavior reflects the speaker’s subconciousness.对错答案:A2、Depending on the culture,a smile can indicate joy and amusement, it can also indicate embarrassment.对错答案:A3、Posture is the position in which you hold your body when standing or sitting.对错答案:对4、Intimate distance is most common when friends, old classmates, acquaintances and relativestalk.对错答案:错5、People in __ cultures usually view silence as lack of communication and are generally ____ with it.low context uncomfortablehigh context uncomfortablehigh context comfortable答案:low context uncomfortable6、Which of the following countries uses high-context language?CanadaGermanyJapanUnited States答案:Japan7、The function of nonverbal signs is sometimes indispensible. For example, placing your index finger to your lips as an alternative to saying “Please calm down so that I can speak” is a case of ____.complementingrepeatingcontradictingsubstituting答案:substituting8、Which statements are correct about nonverbalcommunication?Nonverbal behavior is easily controlledA smile sometimes doesn’t mean a sincere smileNonverbal behavior accounts for much of the meaning we derive from conversation.Nonverbal communication is more than the complement of verbal communication.答案:9、How does nonverbal behavior control the pace or flow of communication?Gesture of stoppingClap handsRaise voice答案:Be silent Gesture of stopping Clap hands Raise voice10、Which of the countries belong to individualistic culture?ItalyAmericaFranceGreece答案:Italy America France第四章1、Power distance is a conceptual was developed by Hofstede to describethe extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequallythe power of multinational organizationsthe power differential between developed and less developed countriesthe power difference between men and women答案:2、Hofstede’s _ index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.value orientationcultural dimensionscultural valuespower distance答案:power distance3、These are the most significant studies of cultural values except ___.Hall's High- and Low- Context TheoryKluckhohn and Strodtbeck's five Value OrientationsFons Trompenars’s model of culture with seven dimensionsGeert Hofstede's six Cultural Dimensions答案:Fons Trompenars’s model of culture with seven dimensions4、The opinion that everyone has a position and clearly defined privileges is____.a view of hierarchical structure of social relationshipa view of group orientation of social relationshipa view of individual orientation structure of social relationshipnone of the above答案:a view of hierarchical structure of social relationship5、Low-context communication is characterized by explicit speaking.对错答案:对6、Chinese culture is high-context in comparison to western culture.对错答案:对7、Cultures with a large power distance are hierarchical cultures.对错答案:对8、At the core of uncertainty avoidance is the idea that the future is predictable.对错答案:错9、Power distance in Hofstede's cultural dimensions is roughly similar to the value Kluckhohn calls hierarchy.对错答案:错10、In a culture emphasizing masculinity, it is more possible for men to play a nurturing role.对错答案:错第五章1、Etiquette is simply showing respect for others.对错答案:错2、Etiquette refers to the guideline for knowing how to behave appropriately in all situations.错答案:A3、Kiss greeting usually happen between two men in the United States.对错答案:错4、It’s OK to write on someone’s business card.对错答案:B5、A handshake should be friendly or respectful gesture, not a show of physical strength. So we should not squeeze other’s hand too hard.对错答案:A6、Before a dish is served, napkins can be placed either on the plate or on the left of forks.对错答案:A7、You’re invited to a business dinner. When do you take your napkin from the table and place it on your lap?Open it immediately.Wait for the host to take his or her napkin before taking yours.Wait for the oldest person at the table to take his or hers.Wait for all the ladies to take theirs before taking yours if you are a gentle man.答案:Wait for the host to take his or her napkin before taking yours.8、Which of the following behavior is appropriate in a business dinner?Use the napkin to wipe your nose.Cut all the food in your plate into small pieces.Sip from the side of the spoon when eating soup.Use the knife with your right hand.答案:CD9、What are the benefits of humor in the workplace?Humor can reduce stress.Humor can block negative emotions.Humor can help people develop rapport with each other.Humor can help solve problems.答案:ABCD10、In many Asian countries, the way you treat someone’s business card is a reflection of:How serious you are about the outcome of the meeting.How much you respect them as a person.What you think of their country.company and title.答案:ABCD第六章and a potential cause of shame to the group.对错答案:A2、Whether an international business negotiation succeeds or not is not only determined by the strategies and skills used in formal negotiation, but also closely related to whether enough careful preparation has been made.对错答案:A3、In the opening phase, the atmosphere is the only factor we should consider.对错答案:错4、Bargaining strength refers to the degree of movement that is possible for each party with respect to individual issues on the agenda.对错答案:错5、In some Asian cultures, they will use communication to encourage harmony, preserve face, and develop ____ relationships.Short-termLong-termMiddle-termShort run答案:Long-term6、The purpose of bargaining is to settle the differences that stand in the way of an agreement. Settling the differences involves____.high-context and low-contextconcession andreappraisaladjustment and compromiseaims and objectives答案:adjustment and compromise7、The proposal should be based on a sound analysis of the buyer’s current situation, taking into account of ____ and ____ within which the transaction takes place.the commercial circumstances, the overall contextthe corporate credit, the bank accounting bookthe manager’s stability, the site selectionthe commercial invoice, the chief negotiator’s ability答案:the commercial circumstances, the overall context8、Differences in____, ____, and____ have a profound impact on how successfully the parties are able to negotiate or conduct business transactions.BehavingWays of thinkingManaging conflictHuman resources答案:9、The political system,____, and the counterpart may in some way determine the success or failure of the negotiation.The legal systemThe business systemThe financial systemInfrastructure and logistics system答案:ABCD10、The specific tasks of the opening phase are concluded: To explain the concrete issueTo create suitable atmosphereTo state proposal in opening phaseTodeclare for our intention。
(完整版)跨文化商务交际答案
名词对应。
（Kinesics）：the nonverbal behavior related to the movement of the body or part of the body.（身势）：非言语行为相关的运动身体肌肤上或局部的身体。
（etiquette）：it refers to manners and behavior considered acceptable in social and business situations.(礼仪): 它指的是礼貌和行为认为是可以接受的,在社会和商业管理硕士学位。
(pragmatics)：it is the study of how speakers use the language to reach successful communication, and the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behaviors.(语用学): 它是研究如何说话者可以运用语言达到成功的交际,而且该研究结果的语言对人类的观念和行为。
(power distance):the degree to which power differences are expected and accepted by society.(权力距离): 在何种程度上的力量和接受不同是被期望的社会。
(Values): a learned organization of rules for marking choices and for resolving conflicts.(价值观): 学会组织的规则为标志的选择和解决冲突。
（reverse culture shock）:it refers to the “shock” one experiences upon returning to one’s home culture after growing used to a new one.(反向文化冲击): 它指的是“震惊”一经使用后返回到一个新的增长一对一的家居文化体验。
跨文化交际全部答案
参考资料Unit 1 Communication Across CulturesReading IIntercultural Communication：An IntroductionComprehension questions1. Is it still often the case that “everyone‟s quick to blame the alien” in the contemporary worldThis is still powerful in today‘s social and political rhetoric. For instance,it is not uncommon intoday‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems arecaused by minorities and immigrants.2. What‟s the difference between today‟s intercultural contact and that of any time in the pastToday‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importancethan in anytime in history.3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life todayNew technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do you understand the sentence “culture is everything and everywhere”Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behavein our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communicationThe three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state).6. What does one‟s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in itThe family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world.7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our cultureBecause language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning toPeople can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturally diverse society existA free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society.Reading IIThe Challenge of GlobalizationComprehension questions1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changedMany things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.2. What a “global village” is likeAs our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remote cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. In a ―global village‖, members of once isolated groups of people have to communicate with members of other cultural groups. Those people maylive thousands of miles away or right next door to each other.3. What is considered as the major driving force of the post-1945 globalizationTechnology, particularly telecommunications and computers are considered to be the major driving force.4. What does the author mean by saying that “the …global‟may be more local than the …local‟”The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on human communications make the world seem smaller. We may communicate more with people of other countries than with our neighbors, and we may be more informed of the international events than of the local events. In this sense, ―the ‗global‘ may be more local than the ‗local‘‖.5. Why is it important for businesspeople to know diverse cultures in the worldEffective communication may be the most important competitive advantage that firmshave to meet diverse customer needs on a global basis. Succeeding in the global market today requires the ability to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures,a sensitivity that is based on an understanding of cross-cultural differences.6. What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world are confronted withCountries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatile international economy, shrinking resources, mounting environmental contamination, and epidemics that know no boundaries.7. What implications can we draw from the case of MichaelFayThis case shows that in a world of international interdependence, the ability to understand and communicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on extreme urgency. If we are unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, we may place the blame for communication failure on people of other cultures.8. What attitudes are favored by the author towardsglobalizationGlobalization, for better or for worse, has changed the world greatly. Whether we like it or not, globalization is all but unstoppable. It is already here to stay. It is both a fact and an opportunity. The challenges are not insurmountable. Solutions exist, and are waiting to be identified and implemented. From a globalistic point of view, there is hope and faith in humanity.Translation纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。
2020智慧树,知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试[完整答案].docx
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最新资料欢迎阅读2020 智慧树 , 知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试 [ 完整答案 ]智慧树知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试答案见面课：冰山之下 -- 商业广告中的文化价值观1、问题 :Culture is like an iceberg. Only a small partof culture is visible. For instance, food, dress, paintings areall apparent to eyes. But a great part of culture is hidden under the water, such as _, , and so on.选项：A:viewsB:attitudesC:architectureD:customs答案 :【views;attitudes;customs】2、问题:Originally Geert Hofsted developed a model that identifies four primary cultural dimensions: _, , Individualism versus Collectivism, ___.选项：A:Power DistanceB:Long- versus Short-Term OrientationC:Uncertainty AvoidanceD:Masculinity versus Femininity答案 :【Power Distance;Uncertainty Avoidance;Masculinity versus Femininity】3 、问题 :Chinese consumers can be ascribed to the values of conformity and “face ”.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【对】4、问题 :It ”s better for advertisers to realize and take note of the different cultural values and make corresponding adjustments to their advertising appeals.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【对】5、问题 :The Americans have the spirit of innovationand risk-taking. They are not willing to cope with uncertainties inherent in life and can tolerate and accept new ideas and strangers.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【错】见面课：商业宣讲实践1 、问题 :In the presentation of GTech, the first part is to introduce some basic information about GTech.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【错】2、问题:PPT with paragraphs of text significantly decreases the attention of the audience.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【对】3 、问题 :Keeping your hands in your pockets during the presentation shows your confidence.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【错】4、问题:Images in PPTcan distract people ”s attention andmake the message less powerful.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【错】5 、问题 :A subtle nod, smile or placement of your hands can drastically change the meaning of your words.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【对】6 、问题 :What is the most obvious difference among informative presentation,persuasive presentation,and goodwill presentation? ( )选项：A:the audienceB:the informationC:the purposeD:the language答案 :【the purpose】7、问题:GTech is a __ company ( )选项：A:foodB:technicalC:mediaD:consultative答案 :【food】8、问题:Which is NOTthe need of Japanese hospitals on robot nurses? ( )选项：A:error-orientedB:integratedC:autonomousD:error-free答案 :【error-oriented】9 、问题 :Which can NOT help you identify your audience in preparing a business presentation? ( )选项：A:AgeB:AppearanceC:OccupationD:Interest答案 :【Appearance】10 、问题 :Which can NOTattract audience ”s attention? ( )选项：A:Use a rising intonationB:Stress important wordsC:Use short sentences at the start of a pointD:Keep on talking答案 :【Keep on talking】见面课：跨文化商务谈判模拟1、问题:In some Asian cultures, such as in China and Japan,they will adapt the indirect approach.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【对】2、问题:To the successful negotiations,the two sides mustfirst understand the cultural differences.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【对】3、问题:High-context cultures are relational,collectivist,intuitive, and contemplative.选项：最新资料欢迎阅读A:对B:错答案 :【对】4 、问题 :Germans make it very clear about the prices, conditionsand ways of acting.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【对】5、问题:According to the negotiating objectives, goals for negotiations can be included:desired goal, acceptable goal and bottom goal.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【对】6、问题:It is appropriate to use your right hand to exchangebusiness cards in Indian cultures.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【对】7、问题:Saudis do require as much personal space as mostWestern cultures.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【错】8 、问题 :There should be no more than three colors in businessformal attire for men.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【对】9 、问题 :In Finland, a gift is not expected on the first visit, butwould be expected on a subsequent visit.选项：A:对B:错答案 :【对】见面课：障碍与沟通 -- 跨文化商务案例分析1、问题:What are the reasons for the Toyota Recall Crisis?选项：A:The failure of the public relationsB:A culture of deferenceC:Employee”s LoyaltyD:Communication across cultures答案 : 【The failure of the public relations;A culture of deference; Employee ”s Loyalty;Communication across cultures】2 、问题 :When responding to consumer safety issues, thetypical Japanese corporation”s response is __.选项：A:Minimization of the problemB:Reluctance to recall the productC:Criticize the team membersD:too little compassion and concern for customers答案 :【Minimization of the problem;Reluctance to recall the product;too little compassion and concern for customers】3 、问题 :There are many ways of examining culturaldifferences and their impact on international management.Culture can affect ____.选项：A:technology transfer9最新资料欢迎阅读B:managerial attitudesC:managerial ideologyD:business-government relations答案 :【technology transfer;managerial attitudes;managerial ideology;business-government relations】4 、问题 :How can the culture of a society directly affect management approaches?选项：A:centralized versus decentralized decision makingB:safety versus riskC:stability versus innovationD:individual versus organization loyalty答案 : 【centralized versus decentralized decision making; safety versus risk;stability versus innovation】5、问题:Which statement in the following French culture is not right?选项：A:Social class is important and social interactionsare affected by class stereotypes.B:The French may admire or be fascinated with people who disagree with them.C:The French are very status conscious, and they liketo provide signs of their status.D:The French focus on good connections, which can resultin lower costs for doing business.答案 :【The French focus on good connections, which can result in lower costs for doing business.】6、问题:Which factor needs to be considered when pursuing business in Brazil?选项：A:Physical contact is acceptable as a form of communication.B:Brazilians tend to trust others, so be sure to form astrong relationship before bringing up business issues.C:Appearance is very important, as it will reflect both you and your company.D:Patience is not important.答案 :【Physical contact is acceptable as a form of communication.;Appearance is very important, as it will reflect both youand your company. 】第一章1 、The belief that your own cultural background, including ways ofanalyzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal andnonverbal communication, is superior.culturecommunicationethnocentrismsender答案 : ethnocentrism2、The total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values,behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that areshared, learned and passed down through the generations inan identifiable group of people.intercultural communicationculturebusiness communicationfeedback答案 : culture3 、 A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, orbehavior, or the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information,as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.ethnocentrismnoisecommunicationhorizontal communication答案 : noise4、The communication is within business and administration,aiming at a common objective and p rofits for both theindividuals and organizations.lateral communicationethnocentrismbusiness communicationintercultural communication答案 : business communication5、The communication at the same level in an organization.horizontal communicationethnocentrismbusiness communicationlateral communication答案 : horizontal communication6、Whenculture is contrasted with nature, it can be defined as“ life way of a population” in its broad sense, meaning whatcharacterizes the particular way of life of a population.对错答案 :错7 、Culture is all men”s medium; there is no aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture.对错答案 :对8、The culture shown in an onion consists of two levels;a level of norms and values, or an invisible level of resultant behavior or artifacts of some form.对错答案 :错9、Culture cannot be known without a study of communication, and communication can only be understood with an understanding of the culture it supports.对错答案 :对10 、In the global village, neighbors communicate free oftroubles and difficulties.对错答案 :错11 、With the integration of language into the fabric ofculture, confusion and dysfunction would reign and the culture would fail.对错答案 :错第二章1 、A good mastery of grammar of one language can guarantee a successful communication.对错答案 :错2、Long before writing was developed,we learned to speak first.对错答案 :对3、There should always be an attachment at the end of abusiness memo.对错答案 :错4、A recommendation report is to recommend something to others.对错答案 :错5、Which is not verbal communication?Chat with your leaders and colleaguesDiscuss an issue in a groupGreeting with a smileLeave a message答案 : Greeting with a smile6、____ refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.NoiseMessageSourceContext答案 : Noise7 、It is a universal truth that language is by culture and in turn it __ culture.influenced, reflectsdisplayed, influencesdetermined, reflectsshaped, influences答案 : influenced, reflects8、Why should we take notes during a business call?Listen attentivelyServes as a record to take follow-up actionReport on the call to someone else Reflecton the call答案 : Listen attentively,Serves as a record to take follow-up action,Report on the call to someone else9 、 How can you identify your audience in preparing a business presentation?AgeAppearanceInterestOccupation答案 : Age,Interest,Occupation10 、Before making a business call, what kind of questionscan you reflect?Do you need to report to your boss?Do you need to get information?Do you want to sell something, or convince the person ofan idea?Do you need to ask for the person”s help or support?答案: Do you need to get information?,Do you want tosell something, or convince the person of an idea?,Do youneed to ask for the person ”s help or support?第三章1、Nonverbal behavior reflects the speaker”s subconciousness.对错答案 :A2 、Depending on the culture,a smile can indicate joy and amusement, it can also indicate embarrassment.对错答案 :A3 、Posture is the position in which you hold your body when standing or sitting.最新资料欢迎阅读对错答案 : 对4 、 Intimate distance is most common when friends, old classmates,acquaintances and relativestalk.对错答案 : 错5、People in __ cultures usually view silence as lack ofcommunication and are generally ____ with it.low context uncomfortablehigh context uncomfortablelow context comfortablehigh context comfortable答案 :low context uncomfortable6 、 Which of the following countries uses high-contextlanguage?CanadaGermanyJapanUnited States答案 :Japan最新资料欢迎阅读7 、 The function of nonverbal signs is sometimes indispensible. For example, placing your index finger to yourlips as an alternative to saying“Please calm down so that I can speak ” is a case of ____.complementingrepeatingcontradictingsubstituting答案 :substituting8 、 Which statements are correct about nonverbalcommunication?Nonverbal behavior is easily controlledA smile sometimes doesn”t mean a sincere smileNonverbal behavior accounts for much of the meaningwe derive from conversation.Nonverbal communication is more than the complementof verbal communication.答案 :9、Howdoes nonverbal behavior control the pace or flow of communication?Be silentGesture of stoppingClap handsRaise voice答案 :Be silent Gesture of stopping Clap hands Raise voice10 、 Which of the countries belong to individualistic culture?ItalyAmericaFranceGreece答案 :Italy America France第四章1、Power distance is a conceptual was developed by Hofstede to describethe extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequallythe power of multinational organizationsthe power differential between developed and less developed countriesthe power difference between men and women答案 :2、Hofstede”s _ index measures the extent to which the lesspowerful members of organizations and institutions (like thefamily)accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. value orientationcultural dimensionscultural valuespower distance答案 :power distance3、These are the most significant studies of cultural values except ___.Hall's High- and Low- Context TheoryKluckhohn and Strodtbeck's five Value OrientationsFons Trompenars”s model of culture with seven dimensions Geert Hofstede's six Cultural Dimensions答案 :Fons Trompenars ” s model of culture with seven dimensions4、 The opinion that everyone has a position andclearly defined privileges is____.a view of hierarchical structure of social relationshipa view of group orientation of social relationshipa view of individual orientation structure of social relationshipnone of the above答案 :a view of hierarchical structure of social relationship5、Low-context communication is characterized by explicitspeaking.对错答案 : 对6、Chinese culture is high-context in comparison to westernculture.对错答案 : 对7、Cultures with a large power distance are hierarchicalcultures.对错答案 : 对8 、At the core of uncertainty avoidance is the idea thatthe future is predictable.对错答案 : 错9 、Power distance in Hofstede's cultural dimensions is roughly similar to the value Kluckhohn calls hierarchy.对错答案 : 错10 、 In a culture emphasizing masculinity,it is more possible for men to play a nurturing role.对错答案 : 错第五章1、Etiquette is simply showing respect for others.对错答案 : 错2 、 Etiquette refers to the guideline for knowing how tobehave appropriately in all situations.对错答案 :A3、 Kiss greeting usually happen between two men inthe United States.对错答案 : 错4、It”s OK to write on someone”s business card.对错答案 :B5、A handshake should be friendly or respectful gesture,not a show of physical strength. So we should not squeeze other ” s hand too hard.对错答案 :A6 、Before a dish is served, napkins can be placed eitheron the plate or on the left of forks.对错答案 :A7、You”re invited to a business dinner. When do you take your napkin from the table and place it on your lap?Open it immediately.Wait for the host to take his or her napkin before takingyours.Wait for the oldest person at the table to take his or hers.Wait for all the ladies to take theirs before taking yours if you are a gentle man.答案 :Wait for the host to take his or her napkinbefore taking yours.8、 Which of the following behavior is appropriate ina business dinner?Use the napkin to wipe your nose.Cut all the food in your plate into small pieces.Sip from the side of the spoon when eating soup.Use the knife with your right hand.答案 :CD9、What are the benefits of humor in the workplace?Humor can reduce stress.Humor can block negative emotions.Humor can help people develop rapport with each other.Humor can help solve problems.答案 :ABCD10 、In many Asian countries, the way you treat someone”s business card is a reflection of:How serious you are about the outcome of the meeting.How much you respect them as a person.What you think of their country.company and title.答案 :ABCD第六章1 、 In some high-context cultures,public display ofemotions is a sign of immaturity and a potential cause of shame to the group.对错答案 :A2、Whether an international business negotiation succeedsor not is not only determined by the strategies and skills used in formal negotiation, but also closely related towhether enough careful preparation has been made.对错答案 :A3、In the opening phase, the atmosphere is the only factor we should consider.对错答案 : 错4 、Bargaining strength refers to the degree of movementthat is possible for each party with respect to individual issues on the agenda.对错答案 : 错5、In some Asian cultures, they will use communication to encourage harmony, preserve face, and develop ____ relationships.Short-termLong-termMiddle-termShort run答案 :Long-term6、The purpose of bargaining is to settle the differencesthat stand in the way of an agreement. Settling the differences involves____.high-context and low-contextconcession andreappraisaladjustment and compromiseaims and objectives答案 :adjustment and compromise7、The proposal should be based on a sound analysis of thebuyer ”s current situation,taking into account of ____ and ____ within which the transaction takes place.the commercial circumstances, the overall contextthe corporate credit, the bank accounting bookthe manager ”s stability, the site selectionthe commercial invoice, the chief negotiator”s ability 答案 :the commercial circumstances, the overall context8、Differences in____, ____, and____ have a profound impact on how successfully the parties are able to negotiate or conduct business transactions.BehavingWays of thinkingManaging conflictHuman resources答案 :9、The political system,____, and the counterpart may insome way determine the success or failure of the negotiation.The legal systemThe business systemThe financial systemInfrastructure and logistics system答案 :ABCD10 、The specific tasks of the opening phase are concluded: To explain the concrete issueTo create suitable atmosphereTo state proposal in opening phaseTodeclare for our intention答案 :ABCD。
跨文化交际课后答案
Case 1 A CanadianThe shipping agent(代理) is serving the customers in the way that is considered efficient in Venezuelan(委内瑞拉) culture. To the Canadian, however, this is unfocused activity(活动) that is not nearly as efficient(有效地) as it would be —particularly from her point of view — if the agent simply dealt(处理) exclusively(专门) with her scheduled(计划) appointment. In Canada, businesspeople typically(通常) write appointments and activities into the day’s agenda(议程) every day. They then work sequentially(顺序) through the agenda until they have completed each task or the day is over. In other words, Canadians prefer to do one thing at a time, while the South Americans, including Venezuelans, tend to do a few things simultaneously(同时).Case 2 A dozenAs a Westerner, the American visiting professor(客座教授) does not quite understand the collective ownership(集体所有制) of information in some other cultural environments. What made her annoyed(恼火) is a different attitude toward information about people. In the United States, it is generally assumed(认为) that personal matters are private(隐私). Teachers go through elaborate(精心) procedures(设计) to assure that students do not have access(接触) to each other’s grades. In business it is the same. Evaluations(评估) are confidential(保密的).Case 3 WhenAs a matter of fact, the American woman was not being disrespectful(不敬). However, it is clear that her way of showing respect and welcome was different from the ancient tradition of keeping physical distance from superiors(上级), which is still widely observed(遵守), especially when royalty(皇室) is involved(有关的).Paul Keating, the Australian prime minister(总理), may have intended(打算) to suggest by his gesture(姿态) that Australia would no longer accept the queen as head of state but just as one of their honored guests. Obviously, the British would not like it at all.Sometimes, such seemingly(表面上的) trivial(琐碎的) things can influence relations between countries. That’s why protocol(协议) is taken seriously and people who are to hold diplomatic(外交) posts(公告) will be given detailed and careful instructions(指示).Case 7 A femaleWhen the Canadian young man said, “Who took my peanut butter(花生酱)?”, what he really meant was “Where is my peanut butter? I can’t find it.” The Chinese doctor felt upset because in Chinese culture questions like this, especially expressed in the way the young Canadian man did, often imply(暗示) that someone is to blame(罪魁祸首). Chinese culture prohibits(禁止) direct accusing（指责）unless a person has been targeted for shame. However, true(忠诚的) to her learned cultural behavior of nevershowing anger in public, the Chinese doctor didn’t say anything, though she was deeply distressed.Later, the physiotherapist(理疗师) was making a joke when she said the Chinese doctor had “three hands”. She wasn’t serious, of course, and expected the patient to be amused(被逗乐) by her explanation for his pain: that the doctor on the other side of the room could have reached an imaginary(虚构的) hand out to touch him. She didn’t know that in Chinese a “three-handed person” is a slang(俚语) for a thief.Case 8 Brent WeberIn American culture, people’s personal goals take priority(优先) over their allegiance(效忠) to groups like the family or the employer. The loyalty(忠诚) of individuals to a group is usually weak. Americans are apt(倾向于) to change their relationship if it suits their individual needs, and they are not likely to be emotionally(情绪) dependent on organizations(组织) and institutions(机构).In Japanese society, the relationship between an employee and the firm(公司) is much more interdependent(依赖), somewhat similar to a child-mother relationship where the mother (firm) is obliged(义务) to take care of her children (employees) and children (employees) have to obey and follow the commands(命令) of their mother (firm).It is not surprising for an American to try to find another job before he or she leaves his or her present employer if he or she consider it necessary for him- or herself. However, this action was regarded(认为) by the Japanese firm as disloyal(不忠), undermining(破坏) the trust between the two parties. In spite of this, the manager(经理) of the firm did not like the parting to be understood as Brent being fired, because the appearance of harmony(和谐) and agreement(协议) within the group (the firm in this case) is important in Japanese society.Case 9 In a cross-culturalWhen they are being scolded(责骂) by the trainers(辅导员) for being repeatedly late for afternoon sessions(会议), the Chinese trainees felt bewildered(困惑) because they thought it is inappropriate(不适当的) for the Canadian trainers to become so angry about it. In their opinion, one should not let him- or herself behave as emotionally(冲动) like this. The appropriate(适当) way to deal with such a person would be to become cooler toward and more distant from the person who behaved so irresponsibly(不负责任的). It was understandable that one would feel angry in this situation but it was not appropriate to show anger, for the other person would certainly lose face if anger were directed toward him or her, and the angry person would look foolish and childish(幼稚的) and therefore also lose face.Canadians see such situations in a very different way. They tend to explicitly(明确地) express how they feel and openly criticize(批评) the person who they think has been wrong or irresponsible(不负责的). It seems to them that this has little to do with face.Case 16 A missionWhat went wrong in this case? Contrary(相反) to general American perception(观念), it is considered proper behavior for Japanese to be silent(沉默). It is a discreet(谨慎) way to show respect if he listens to others speak rather than speaking out. So the Japanese delegates(代表) did what they considered proper, i.e., listen quietly to what the Americans had to say. Silence often means that they are seriously thinking about the subject at issue(讨论中的问题). But many Americans will interpret(理解) silence in a conversation(谈话) to mean disapproval(不满), disagreement(分歧), or even arrogance(傲慢). This is an example that illustrates(说明) the problem of the so-called “perception-gap(观念鸿沟)”. Participants(参与者) in communication perceive(感知) each other’s behavior in very different ways, which often results in misunderstanding or conflict(争执).Case 17 TomIt is customary(习俗) in China and many other Asian countries for hosts(主人) to ask their guests again and again to take more. Tom didn’t have to eat extra food if he didn’t want any more.In the U.S., a host will offer more food usually only once. And the Americans will take a “no” to mean “no”, whether it is the first, second or third time. However, in many other parts of the world it is considered good manners for guests not to accept an offer at first. Sometimes one mustn’t accept food the second time it is offered. Therefore, hosts try to repeat an offer until they are sure that their guests really want to decline(谢绝).Case 18 Ted WashingtonTed Washington, the marketing manager, rejected(拒绝) the sale proposals(议案) of both the American, Dale Peters and the Japanese, Hideo Takahashi, without considering who made the proposal. While the direct and outright(公然的) rejection is O.K. with Peters, for he and the manager are from the same culture, to Hideo, it means something beyond the rejection of a proposal itself. Therefore, the two people responded(响应) to the rejection in quite different ways.In this case, the American believes the root(根源) of the conflict(冲突) lay in different goals and objectives(目标), therefore, Peters entered into a heated(热烈的) discussion with Ted, trying to get his proposal(议案) accepted by producing facts(事实), figures(数据), and graphs(图) to illustrate his case. But the Japanese believes the conflict was not in the rejection of the proposal but rather in the way it was communicated, so he thinks of it as a personal attack or a sign of mistrust. In short, Americans tend to be more task-oriented(工作型) while the Japanese are more likely to focus on(集中于) interpersonal relationships（人际关系）.Case 22 An AmericanPeople from different cultures may consider their own communication style to be natural and normal, and therefore tend to evaluate(评价) other styles negatively(负面的). In this case, both people are unaware(未察觉) of the American preference(偏爱) for a direct and explicit(直率的) style in contrast to(与…相反) the morecontextual(语境) African style. Both these communicators(传播者) are likely to leave the situation less inclined(倾向) to ask or answer questions of each other again. Case 23 A FrenchIn France it is required that all calls begin with an apology for disturbing(打扰) the answer. They are also expected(希望) to begin the call by checking that they have reached the right number, identifying(确认) themselves, and then chatting(聊天) with whoever has answered the phone, if this person is known to them. Only after some conversation may callers indicate(表明) their wish to speak with the person they have actually called to speak to.In contrast, callers in the U. S. A. apologize only when they feel they have called at an inappropriate(不适当的) time; they often ask for the person they want without identifying themselves or conversing with the answer, even when that person is known to them; and they behave, in general, as though the person who has answered the phone is just an extension(扩展) of the instrument(仪器) itself.Case 24 At a 1970The Japanese have a strong dislike of entering into direct confrontations(对抗) and placing others in an embarrassing(尴尬) position. It is very difficult for a Japanese to respond to any suggestion or request with a definite(明确的) “no”. What the Japanese will often do instead is resort to a vague(模糊) sort of reply to the effect(结果) that the matter needs further study and consideration. They do this to save face for the person who has made the suggestion or request, but Americans may not properly understand it and may completely misinterpret(误解) the vagueness(模糊性) as compliance(符合) and assume(认为) that the proposition(提议) has been accepted. But this was apparently(显然的) never made clear to Nixon(尼克松). That is why he included that he had been double-crossed(出卖了). The misunderstanding had serious adverse(不利) consequences(后果) for Japanese U. S. relations.Case 25 A JapaneseNonverbal(非语言) behaviors such as smiles seem to cut across(超过) cultural lines. But in reality(现实), they are often found to be not universal(普遍). To most Americans, a smile is the most common nonverbal behavior to bridge gaps that may exist between strangers (including foreigners) and themselves. It is natural for them to be smiling and friendly when they come across(遇到) strangers. But in eastern Asian countries like Japan, smiles are used differently. Japanese do not readily(乐意) show their feelings. In Japan, people do not usually smile at a stranger. If you do, you might be considered impolite.Case 26 Wang PingChinese people seldom(很少) hug(拥抱) each other, particularly in public places. If people do, a romantic message is usually conveyed(表达). Go to any airport or train station in China, and you will see scenes of greeting and good-bye with all the feeling expressed in the eyes and the face and in the practical things family members andrelatives and friends do for each other, but it is unlikely people will hug, with only younger ones as an exception(例外).In contrast, people of Latin American(拉美) cultures touch each other in communication much more than people of some other cultures, especially Eastern Asian cultures. At a time of meeting a friend or upon departing(分别), hugging each other is very natural for Latin American people. On such occasions(场合), hugging has no sexual connotation(性内涵); it is just like a handshake in China, but warmer and more enthusiastic(热情). Women tend to hug each other more than men hug women, but both are common. One’s discomfort(不适) at hugging in such situations may be interpreted(被理解为) by Latin American people as unfriendliness(不友善). Case 27 The otherAs with smiling, laughing does not always serve the same function in different cultures. Interestingly, for us Chinese, laughing often has a special function during tense(紧张) social occasions. People may laugh to release the tension or embarrassment, to express their concern(关怀) for you, their intention(意图) to put you at ease or to help you shrug off(摆脱) the embarrassment. In this case, the people there actually(实际上) wished to laugh with the American rather than at him. Their laughing seemed to convey(传达) a number of messages: don’t take it so seriously; laugh it off, it’s nothing; such things can happen to any of us, etc. unfortunately(不幸的是), the America was unaware(没意识到) of this. He thought they were laughing at him, which made him feel more embarrassed and angry, for in his culture laughing on such an occasion would be interpreted(被理解为) as an insulting(侮辱的) response, humiliating(羞辱) and negative(消极).Case 37 What isThe U.S. salesman(推销员) in this case was acting according to ideas about dress that seemed appropriate(适当的) to him in his culture. He may have considered the informality of his dress as signaling(暗号) a willingness(自愿的) to put aside rigid rules(死板的规定) of behavior and be friendly. He may have been cold and enjoyed the warmth of a large sweater(线衣). He may have spent the previous(先前的) 20 hours on plane and, without a chance to change his clothes, may have gone straight to the trade show(贸易展览), because to him, being there was more important than being dressed a certain way. But in the Japanese culture, this kind of dress is considered very inappropriate(不适当的) for such a formal business occasions. Case 38 The marketingIn a country where there are very strict cultural taboos(文化禁忌) on nudity(裸体), such packaging(包装) would be considered a form of obscenity(猥亵). The U.S. firm had to pay a high price for not understanding the culture of their customers. Religion plays an important role in influencing(影响) customs, people’s attitudes towards life, what and how to buy and so on. More seriously, people may even refuse(拒绝) to buy certain products or services for religious reasons. So it’s no wonder that a common and well-received culture in one culture may meet itswaterloo(惨败) in another culture. In Saudi Arabia(沙特阿拉伯), the Muslim faith(穆斯林) plays a significant(重要) role in people’s lives. This case demonstrates(展示) to us that moral standards(道德标准) vary(不同) from country to country. Thus when doing international trade, one should never take his own religion and moral standards for granted(假定) but should always bear(怀有) those differences in mind.Case 39 In internationalIn this case, what is at issue(争论) is the correct translation of terms(条款), as well as the accepted use of terms in the chicken trade. The meaning of chicken in Swiss culture is different from that in America. In this case, the failure(失误) was caused by the misunderstanding of the different meanings of chicken in each other’s culture. In Swiss, chicken has a specific meaning, while in America this term is used for any type of chicken.As the case went to trial(试验) in the U.S., it was judged according to the American culture, which seems unfair. However, unawareness(没意识到) of these cultural differences will definitely(肯定) result in problems in intercultural communication(跨文化交际).。
跨文化习题unit1-9
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最后祝小伙伴们顺利通过跨文化交际考试！Unit 1(第一单元抽象的理论很多，只做了名词解释和简答)名词解释Culture: In other words, culture is the set of values and beliefs, norms, and customs, rules and codes that socially defines a group of people, binds them to one another, and gives a sense of commonalityCommunication is a process by which a source transmits a message to a receiver through some channel.Intercultural communication occurs whenever a minimum of two persons from different cultures or microcultures come together and exchange verbal and nonverbal symbols.简答1. What is Characteristics of Culture?1) Culture is learned.2) Culture is transmitted from generation to generation.3) Culture is based on symbols.4) Culture is subject to change.5) Culture is ethnocentric.具体解释如下：1. 1 Culture1.1.1 A Definition of CultureIn 1993, two anthropologists, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhorn examined 300 definitions of culture , and they found none of them are the same；Yet there are some fundamental properties about culture on which most people agree. Culture is the collective answer to questions as: Who am I? How should I live my life? Where do I fit in the world? In other words, culture is the set of values and beliefs, norms, and customs, and rules and codes that socially defines a group of people, binds them to one another, and gives a sense of commonality (Trenholm and Jenson, 2000)1.1.2 Characteristics of CultureDespite of the different opinion about the definition of culture, most people agree about the main characteristics of culture. Larry A. Samovar and Richard E. Porter summarized thecharacteristics of culture as followings:Culture is learned. If one can’t learn from those who live before, we would not have culture. Therefore, we say learning was the most important of all the characteristics of culture. If a baby was cut off from all adult care, training. He can still instinctively eat, drink, defecate, urinate and cry. But what and when would he eat, where would he defecate and urinate, it is most likely he would do all these things randomly.But where and how can we learn culture is hard to explain. We learn our culture through interactions with other people. It’s hard to name who are the “other people”, we receive instructions from family and friends and numerous other “teachers” without knowing it.Culture is transmitted from generation to generation.For culture to exist, endure, and perpetuate, they must make sure that their crucial “message” and elements get passed on. Brislin once said “ if there are values considered central to a society that have existed for many years, they must be transmitted from one generation to another” (p. 6). Keesing said, “ any break in the learning chain would lead to a culture’s disappearance” (p. 28).Culture is based on symbols. Culture is learned and passed from generation to generation, but how to learn and pass? It is our symbol-making ability enables us to learn and pass on our culture from individual to individual, group to group, and generation to generation. The portability of symbols allows people to package and store them as well as transmit them. Culture is historical as well as preservable. Each new ge neration might “write”Culture is subject to change. Cultures are dynamic systems that do not exist in a vacuum and therefore are subject to change. Cultures are constantly being confronted with ideas and information for “outside” sources.When we talk about culture change, we should keep two points in mind. First, cultures are highly adaptive. In history, there are a lot of examples of how cultures have been forced to change their course because of natural disasters, wars, and etc. Second, although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the deep structure of a culture resists major alterations. Barnlund clearly make this point when he writes: “The spread of Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, and Confucianism did not homogenize the societies they enveloped. It was usually the other way around: Societies insisted on adapting the religions to their own cultural traditions” (p.192)Culture is ethnocentric.The important tie between ethnocentrism and communication can be seen in the definition of the term “ ethnocentrism”. Summer defined it as “ the technical name for the view of things in which one’s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it” (p.13) Keesing summarized the power and impact of ethnocentrism “ Nearly always the folklore of a people includes myths of origin which give priority to themselves, and place the stamp of supernatural approval upon their particular customs” (p. 45).2. What are the Prosperities of Communication?1) Communication is a process2) Communication is dynamic.3) Communication is interactive/ transitive.4) Communication is intentional5) Communication is symbolic6) Communication is contextual7) Communication is ubiquitous.8) Communication is cultural具体解释如下：1. Communication is a process. “Communication theory reflects a process point of view…you cannot talk about the beginning or the end of communication…”(Berlo)2. Communication is dynamic. “Communication is a transaction among symbol users in which meanings are dynamic, changing as a function of earlier usages and of changes in perceptions and metaperceptions. Common to both meanings is the notion that communication is time-bound and irreversible.” (Bowers and Bradac)3. Communication is interactive/ transactive. “Communication occurs when two or more people interact through the exchange of messages.” (Goss)4. Communication is symbolic. “… all the symbols of the mind, together with the means of conveying them through space and preserving them in time.” (Cooley)5. Communication is intentional. “…communication has as its central interest those behavioral situations in which source transmits a message to a receivers with conscious intent to affect the latter’s behavior.” (Miller)6. Communication is contextual. “Communication always and inevitably occurs within some context.” (Fisher)7. Communication is ubiquitous. “…communication is the discriminatory response of an organism to a stimulus.” (Stevens)8. Communication is cultural. “…culture is communication…communication is culture.”(Hall)Unit 3（加粗的要重点记忆，考查方式多样，可能是判断选择或翻译，汉译英英译汉都有！）Translation1.天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.2.天地之大德曰生The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating life.3.获罪于天,无所祷也He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray4. 仁者,爱人,亲亲为大.The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.5. 己所不欲,勿施于人Do not do toward others anything that you would not want to be done to you6. 父母在,不远游,游必有方.Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.7. 父母之年，不可不知也。
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《跨文化商务沟通》
第一章文化、沟通及跨文化沟通课后练习
一、单项选择题共12 题
1、Cultural bias is unavoidable since there was a long process of culture （）in world history.
A . separation
B . communication
C . progress
D . communicat
参考答案：A
2、Although there are many cultural barriers among different cultures, there are also certain proper channels to（）among different nations.
A . argument
B . communicate
C . dispute
D . transport
参考答案：B
3、Culture has variety of characteristics but not （）.
A . shared
B . learned
C . ethnocentric
D . invariability
参考答案：D
4、Only outward symbols of a culture are visible, while the most important aspects of a culture are invisible. This phenomenon is often compared as a metaphor （）.
A . blanket
B . iceberg
C . icebox
D . invisible man
参考答案：B
5、（）The communication between people from different cultures when a member of one culture produces a message for consumption by a member of another culture.
A . business communication
B . cultural communication
C . intercultural communication
D . vertical communication
参考答案：C
6、（）A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior, or the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.
A . communication
B . message
C . information
D . transformation
参考答案：A
7、（）The communication is within business and administration, aiming at a common objective and profits for both the individuals and organizations.
A . cultural exchange
B . business exchange
C . business communication
D . intercultural communication
参考答案：C
8、Culture and language are not the same, but they （）.
A . link each other
B . are essentially different
C . can be substituted each other
D . have different aspects
参考答案：A
9、（）The belief that your own cultural background, including ways of analyzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is superior.
A . communication
B . culture
C . prejudice
D . ethnocentrism
参考答案：D
10、（）The total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.
A . culture
B . belief
C . environment
D . institution
参考答案：A
11、（）The communication at the same level in an organization.。