国际结算的考试必备点

Meaning of International Settlement

the financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to settle claims and debts, emerged in the course of political, economic or cultural contacts among them. Negotiable instruments :

bills of exchange, promissory notes, checks Payment techniques:

remittances, collections, letters of credit, standby L/C, bank guarantees, international factoring and forfaiting

Documents: bills of lading, insurance policies, certificates of origin, etc SWIFT—Societyforworldwideinter-bank financial telecommunication) , established in 19731) Faster, More Reliable Communication 2)ReducedTransaction Errors3)Lower Transmission Costs4) Greater Efficiency

5) Better Statistics6) Increased Security Types of payment techniques ConsignmentOpen account

Documentary collectionLetters of credit Guarantees/standby letters of credit Payment in advanceFactoring

Forfaiting

Correspondent bank

- the basis for cooperation of commercial banks all over the world to fulfill international settlement “a bank having direct connection or friendly service relations with another bank.”

The meaning of negotiable instrument

in a broad sense, a negotiable instrument refers to any commercial title ownership.

in a restricted sense, a negotiable instrument is a written document that contains an unconditional promise by the drawer to pay the payee or an unconditional order by the drawer to the drawee to pay the payee a fixed amount of money a definite time. characteristics of negotiable instrument Negotiability Non-causativeRequisite in form

Literally determined content

Presenting for payment

Functions of negotiable instrument payment instrument

transferable instrument

credit instrument

financing instrument

parties involved of negotiable instrument

出票人drawer 付款人payer/drawee

收款人payee 背书人endorser

承兑人acceptor 持票人holder

Bill of exchange

A Bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed (drawee) to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or the order of a specified person or to bearer.

汇票的样式

汇票Absolutely necessary items

The word “exchange”

An unconditional order to pay

A fixed amount of money

Name of the payeeDate of issue

The signature of the drawer

Name of drawee

汇票Relatively necessary items

Place of issue Place of payment Tenor Endorsement

The payee or holder signs on the back of the bill and delivers it to the endorsee