美国超验主义英语介绍
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that evil was nonexistent appeared to be an optimistic folly
Sources
1.欧洲浪漫主义文学 【the romantic literature of Europe】
2.新柏拉图主义 【neo-Platonism】
3.德国理想主义哲学 【German Байду номын сангаасdealistic philosophy】
Mottos
• ''The world shrank itself into a drop of dew.'' 世界将其自身缩小成为一滴露水
"Believe yourself"
"A person must be able to become what he wants to be "
The major features of Transcendentalists
4.东方神秘主义 【Oriental mysticism】
Weaknesses
The transcendentalist movement had a small membership and only lasted for a few years.
The transcendentalism was never a systematic philosophy. It borrowed from many sources.
“American Scholar”: American’s declaration of intellectual independence.( to develop American’s own culture)
Henry David Thoreau 1817-1862
He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.
American Transcendentalism 美国超验主义
Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生
Henry David Thoreau 梭罗
Historical background
• A broad, philosophical movement in New England during the Romantic era（peak：1836-1855） the first American intellectual movement.
• Started by a group of people in the Transcendental Club in the 1830s who published their views in the journal The Dial
Brief Introduction
Transcendentalist believed instinct or intuition is the deepest level of man’s soul. They tried to find truth through feeling, rather than through logic. So they write not in a logical way. We can say they formed a movement of feelings & beliefs rather than a system of philosophy.
1. emphasis on Spirit or the Oversoul
---Oversoul is a unitary（统一的） power of goodness， omnipresent（无所不在的） and omnipotent（无所不能的）， from which all things came and of which everyone was a part。
It illustrates his desire to be independent and find truth for himself.
excerpt of Walden
• “I went to the woods • 我到林中去，因为我
because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach,
a prescient（有先见之明的） critic of the countervailing（对抗性的） pressures of society.
Emerson's work
Nature. It is the Bible of transcendentalists. It contains almost everything Emerson wants to say in the rest of his life. His later works were mostly to illustrate the book.
希望谨慎地生活，只 面对生活的基本事实， 看看我是否学得到生 活要教育我的东西，
and not, when I came to 免得到了临死的时候，
die, discover that I had
才发现我根本就没有
not lived.”
生活过。
The failure of transcendentalism as a moral force in American life was its denial of its real spiritual origin.
爱默生 Ralph Waldo Emerson
梭罗 Henry David Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
philosopher, lecturer, essayist, and poet,
leading the Transcendentalist movement
a champion（拥护者） of individualism
2. the importance of the individual
3. nature is the symbol of Spirit or God
Creeds
• 1.至善 absolute good • 2.纯洁无暇 unspotted innocence of nature • 3.人具有神性 humanity was godlike and
Walden
A) It wasn’t a successful book at the time it was published and has been virtually forgotten until 20th century.
B) It is the careful recording of day-today life at Walden pound and reflection on how one can live simply and truly
Sources
1.欧洲浪漫主义文学 【the romantic literature of Europe】
2.新柏拉图主义 【neo-Platonism】
3.德国理想主义哲学 【German Байду номын сангаасdealistic philosophy】
Mottos
• ''The world shrank itself into a drop of dew.'' 世界将其自身缩小成为一滴露水
"Believe yourself"
"A person must be able to become what he wants to be "
The major features of Transcendentalists
4.东方神秘主义 【Oriental mysticism】
Weaknesses
The transcendentalist movement had a small membership and only lasted for a few years.
The transcendentalism was never a systematic philosophy. It borrowed from many sources.
“American Scholar”: American’s declaration of intellectual independence.( to develop American’s own culture)
Henry David Thoreau 1817-1862
He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.
American Transcendentalism 美国超验主义
Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生
Henry David Thoreau 梭罗
Historical background
• A broad, philosophical movement in New England during the Romantic era（peak：1836-1855） the first American intellectual movement.
• Started by a group of people in the Transcendental Club in the 1830s who published their views in the journal The Dial
Brief Introduction
Transcendentalist believed instinct or intuition is the deepest level of man’s soul. They tried to find truth through feeling, rather than through logic. So they write not in a logical way. We can say they formed a movement of feelings & beliefs rather than a system of philosophy.
1. emphasis on Spirit or the Oversoul
---Oversoul is a unitary（统一的） power of goodness， omnipresent（无所不在的） and omnipotent（无所不能的）， from which all things came and of which everyone was a part。
It illustrates his desire to be independent and find truth for himself.
excerpt of Walden
• “I went to the woods • 我到林中去，因为我
because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach,
a prescient（有先见之明的） critic of the countervailing（对抗性的） pressures of society.
Emerson's work
Nature. It is the Bible of transcendentalists. It contains almost everything Emerson wants to say in the rest of his life. His later works were mostly to illustrate the book.
希望谨慎地生活，只 面对生活的基本事实， 看看我是否学得到生 活要教育我的东西，
and not, when I came to 免得到了临死的时候，
die, discover that I had
才发现我根本就没有
not lived.”
生活过。
The failure of transcendentalism as a moral force in American life was its denial of its real spiritual origin.
爱默生 Ralph Waldo Emerson
梭罗 Henry David Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
philosopher, lecturer, essayist, and poet,
leading the Transcendentalist movement
a champion（拥护者） of individualism
2. the importance of the individual
3. nature is the symbol of Spirit or God
Creeds
• 1.至善 absolute good • 2.纯洁无暇 unspotted innocence of nature • 3.人具有神性 humanity was godlike and
Walden
A) It wasn’t a successful book at the time it was published and has been virtually forgotten until 20th century.
B) It is the careful recording of day-today life at Walden pound and reflection on how one can live simply and truly