正式英语与非正式英语
英语中级听力：Formal language and informal language 正式语言和非正式语言(中英对照)
1、Formal language and informal language 正式语言和非正式语言You probable have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways depending on the situation they are in. This is very natural. All languages have two general levels of usage —a fomal level and an informal level. English is no exception. The diffenrence in these two levels is the situation in which you use a particular level.你或许注意到人们会用不同的方式表达类似的观点，这取决于他们所处的环境。
这种现象很自然。
所有语言都有两个普遍的使用层次——正式层面和非正式层面。
英语也不例外。
两个层次的区别在于你使用语言的语境。
Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, reference books and in business letters. You would also use formal English in compositions and essays that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with colleagues, family members and friends, and when we write personal notes of letters to close friends.正式语言是在课本、参考书和商业信函中出现的语言。
正式英语与非正式英语的主要区别
正式英语与非正式英语的主要区别正式英语与非正式英语的主要区分Main Differences between Formal and Informal EnglishOne of the greatest fears affecting non native speakers of English is not just being misunderstood but also being inappropriate when trying to express something. People often speak of language as being correct or incorrect. It would be more accurate to refer to particular language structures as being formal or informal, appropriate or inappropriate for a specific context.In everyday conversation we do not have to follow the rules of grammar as carefully as we would in a formal address or a business letter. If we adhere too closely to formal rules of grammar in an informal situation, we may come across as being stuffy and unnatural. It is like wearing a tuxedo or a formal gown to an ordinary business meeting. Formal English follows rules of grammar very strictly. Sentences tend to be longer and more complex. It tends to be used in professional and business situations. It is also better organizedand thought out.Informal English on the other hand is generally used with friends and family. A number of grammar expressions have common forms which differ in their formal or informal use. These differences are noted both in written and spoken English. However, they are most notable in written English.As seen in ESL lessons, participating effectively not only requires a solid grasp of English grammar, but also an understanding of key communication factors. If you want more helpful language hints as to themost appropriate forms ofEnglish or key points to take into consideration each time you are usingEnglish, read on.Contracted Forms连写Formal - Don’t use contracted forms, use the entire auxiliary verb: They havelived in New York for many years.Informal - Use contracted forms: They’ve lived in New York for many years.Relative Structures从句Formal - Use relative structures: The woman thought that it was important tobe on time.Informal - Drop certain relative structures: The woman thought it was importantto be on time.The Use of ‘Whom’ “whom"的运用Formal - Use ‘whom’ as an object: Whom have they chosen for the position? Informal - Use ‘who’ as an object: Who have they chosen for the position?Auxiliary Verb Usage助动词的使用Formal - Always use the full form of an auxiliary: Have you finished your work? Informal - Sometimes the auxiliary verb is dropped in informal speech. Note: This is often grammatically incorrect, but is certainly common in everydayusage: Finished your work?Word Choice 动词的挑选Formal - Many words tend to be used in more formal situations. For example,certain verbs tend to be used in formal situations, but have other synonyms (often phrasal verbs) that are used in informal situations. Also, it uses more vocabulary derived from French and Latin (bigger words) It uses moresynonyms and doesn’t repeat the same words as much. The policeinvestigated the situation.Informal synonym: We looked into the situation.Passive structures 被动句Formal - It uses more indirect language, making it less personal. The studentwas given a book.Informal synonym: We gave the student a book.If you liked this article, tell all your friends about it. They’ll thank you for it. If you have a blog or web site, you can link to it or even post it to your own site (don’t forget to mention as the original source).文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
常见的英语问候语正式与非正式场合的区别
★精品文档十常见的英语问候语（正式与非正式场合的区别）我们读书时学过如何用英语打招呼问候，但是其实英语中的问候语有分正式和非正式场合，下面就来介绍下不同场合中如何用英语进行问候。
Greetings are used to say hello in English. It’s common to use different greetings depending on whether you greet a friend, family or a business associate. When you meet friends, use informal greetings. If it ’s really important, use formal greetings. Formal greetings are also used with people you do not know very well.在英语中，问候语被用跟别人打招呼。
根据与你会面的是朋友，家人还是商业伙伴，我们常会使用不同的问候语。
如果确实是在重要的场合，我们会使用正式的问候语。
正式的问候语也可以用于那些不太熟悉的人。
Greetings also depend on whether you are saying hello, or you are saying goodbye.在打招呼或者告别的时候，我们使用的问候语也不同。
Learn the correct phrases using the notes below, and then practice using greetings with the practice dialogues.利用下面的提示，学习正确的短语用法，然后利用下面的对话来练习问候语。
Formal Greetings:Arriving正式问候语：到达Good morning / afternoon / evening.早上好/中午好/晚上好Hello (name), how are you?嗨(人名)，你好吗?Good day Sir / Madam (very formal)先生/太太日安(非常正式)Respond to a formal greeting with another formal greeting.使用正式问候语来回应Good morning Mr. Smith.早上好，史密斯先生。
英语写作中的文体差异
英语写作中的文体差异英语作为一门国际语言，在不同的文化和语境中都有其独特的表达方式。
而与其它语言相比，英语更是拥有多种文体，这也给英语写作带来了更多的选择和挑战。
首先，我们可以看到英语写作中最基础的两种文体：正式和非正式。
正式文体通常在学术、商务等场合中使用，要求语言精准、规范、符合语法和语义规则，并且多采用被动语态和介词短语等较为复杂的句式。
而非正式文体则相对轻松随意，语言更富于表现力和口语化，多用简单句和俚语来表达言辞。
我们可以通过以下两个例子来感受这种不同：正式文体例子：The user experience of this product ought to be optimized in order to achieve an optimal level of satisfaction among customers.非正式文体例子：This product should feel good to use so that more people want to buy it and recommend it to their friends.显然，正式文体更适用于需要呈现严谨、专业和严肃的场合，如学术论文、商务合同等；而非正式文体更适用于需要表达轻松愉悦、亲切和随意的场合，如个人日记、社交媒体等。
除此之外，英语写作中还存在各种专门的文体，如散文、诗歌、小说、科幻等。
这些文体都有自己独特的特点和风格。
例如，散文通常以自由流畅的句子和修辞手法为主，试图表达作者内心的情感和思想；而诗歌则更强调押韵、韵律和音乐性，意在创造出优美的声音效果。
此外，在不同文化和语境中，英语写作也存在着更为细微的文体差异。
例如，在美国和英国的英语写作中，常用的单词、句法和修辞手法都略有不同。
在美国英语中，常使用第一人称代词“I”和“we”，而在英国英语中则多用第二人称代词“you”和第三人称代词“one”。
在句子结构上，美国英语更为简洁明了，而英国英语则更偏重于修辞和间接表达。
英语中常见的正式表达方式与非正式表达方式
在正式的场合需要使用正式的表达方式，表达敬意和严谨；在非正式场合使用非正式的表达方式，拉近彼此之间的距离，提高谈话的弹性和舒适性，以下列举常见的正式表达方式与对应的非正式表达方式。
1. 你好吗？How do you do? >>——-<< What’s up?解析：What's up 的发音还可以是 wassup 或 whaddup，在非正式场合中，”What's up“ 是一个非常随便的问候语，表面上译为”怎么了或发生什么事了“，实际上不涉及对某些事的具体更新信息，相当于 what is the matter 或 what is happening，例如：'What's up?', I said to him.—'Nothing much,' he answered.“怎么了？”，我对他说。
—没什么，他回答。
2. 很高兴见到你It is a pleasure to meet you >>——<< Nice to meet you3. 在你方便的时候尽早At your earliest convenience >>——<< As soon as you can4. 担心你，关心你Concerned about you >>——<< Worried about you5. 首先Firstly , >>——<< To start with/…, For a start6. 代我向…问好Give my regards to >>——<< Say hello to7. 你最近有她的消息吗？Have you heard from her lately? >>——<< Heard from her lately?8. 你看到过汤姆吗？Have you seen Tom? >>——<< Seen Tom?9. 我同意安娜…的看法/安娜是正确的I agree with my colleague, Anna, that… >>——<< Anna’s right.10. 我想提醒你的是…I would like to remind you that… >>——<< Don’t forget11. 非常感谢I appreciate your assistance ! >>——<< Thanks a lot!12. 由于…In light of the fact that >>——<< Because13. 我认为…It is my opinion that… >>——<< I think…14. 我需要做…It is necessary for me to… >>——<< I need to…15. 你不必…It is not necessary for you to… >>——<< You don’t hafta (不得不，只好)…16. 我们建议…It is recommended >>——<< We recommend17. 很抱歉，…/因…，很抱歉Please accept our apologies for… >>——<< Sorry…18. 而且，此外Secondly/ Besides / Furthermore, >>——<< Another good thing is/ What’s more/ Not only that,19. 最后Lastly, >>——<< And one of the best things is…/ And best of all, / The most important thing is…20. 她能…She has the ability >>——<< She can21. 该计划已付诸实践The plan was implemented / carried out >>——<< They put the plan into action22. 我们的目的地Our destination >>——<< The place where we want to go23. 我很抱歉地通知你…I regret to inform you of… >>——<< I’m sorry to tell you that…24. 你能…I was hoping that you could… >>——<< Could you…?25. 不成问题It will cease to be a problem >>——<< It won’t be a problem anymore26. 人们开始厌倦这些事。
立刻说说英语要分清正式场合和非正式场合
说英语要分清正式场合和非正式场合学英语的时候，我们也经常看到字典里备注了formal和informal，上英语课时老师也强调informal和formal。
举几个正式程度依次增加的例子：非正式->普通（或者较正式）->正式（或很正式）搞砸fuck up-> screw up->mess up/blow up->ruin欺骗screw over->cheat-> deceive放弃give up-> relinquish结束end -> terminate调查look into->investigate继续go on-> proceed/continue可是，到底什么是正式场合呢？有人觉得书面的就是正式用语；有人觉得工作中用正式用语，和朋友聊天就是非正式场合；有人觉得开会，演讲、上电视就是正式用语。
但是实际工作和生活中，发现也不完全是。
书面沟通中，老外写邮件里也有用screw up 这种词的，在邮件里用过relinquish也会被老外吐槽在装逼。
老外用look into也比investigate多。
开会的时候老外说fucking idea，也很常见（当然仅在只有男性在场的时候），更别提平时说I‘ll shoot you an email或者ballpark number.那到底怎么区分正式场合非正式场合呢？有以下两种区分方法。
一、看你和别人的熟悉程度。
上文说的，非正式用语是拉近距离，给人一种是自己人的感觉。
大家都很熟时，几乎不管什么场合，可以用非正式的词。
和老板或者同事都非常熟，就算是开会这种很正式的场合也可以。
发邮件也一样，如果很熟那你用非正式用语没关系，如果是群发（考虑到有不熟的人），那你用词还是要稍微正式（普通）一点。
陌生人、新同事、刚接触不久的老板或者客户，一开始就套近乎不太好只会显得没素质，一般用较正式（普通）的词，表示尊重。
非正式英语 正式英语
非正式英语正式英语What’s your name? May I have your name?您贵姓？请问您贵姓大名？Do you want some tea? Could you like some tea?您要喝茶吗？请问您想喝茶吗？Over here, please. Could you come this way please?这边请。
请您往这边走好吗？* 不要说OK, Sure, Yeah等等，而要说Certainly, Sir.* Hey, uh-huh, Hang on 等等，也不适合在酒店中使用。
* 别说“I don’t know.”回答“不知道”是非常不礼貌的说法。
可以说“just a moment, please. I’ll check that for you.” （请稍候，我来帮您确认），然后请有能力处理的人前来协助。
* 对男性客人，尊称为Sir; 面对女性客人时尊称为Ms.在招呼客人时，最好说“Excuse me, Sir(Ms)”, 不要直接称呼Mr.或Ms. 至于称呼小孩，可以直接使用Excuse me，但是不可以直接称呼boy或girl.* 正视对方的眼睛，以显示出你的信心和诚意。
但必须注意，注视对方的眼睛，并不是无理地盯着对方看。
* 在面对语言不通的外籍人士时，一定要多加利用手势和肢体语言。
但是使用手势时要特别小心，因为对于不同国家、民族而言，手势的意义也大不相同。
二.基本待客英语（一）在正式的英语表现里，疑问基本句型可分为下列四种：1. May I ~2. Could you ~3. Would you ~4. Shall I ~?只要理解这四种基本的句型，就可以处理大部分业务上的状况。
1．自己要做什么事时，就使用May I ~May I have your name, please?请问尊姓大名May I have your check-out time, please?请问您什么时候结帐离开？May I see your passport, please?请让我看一下您的护照好吗？May I know your nationality, please?请问您的国籍是什么？2．麻烦客人时，可使用Could you ~Could you fill out the form, please?请您填写这张表格好吗？Could you write that down, please?请您写下来好吗？Could you draft the fax, please?请您写下传真的草稿好吗？Could you hold the line, please?请不要挂电话好吗？3．询问客人的喜好或是做什么时，可使用Would you ~Would you like tea or coffee?请问您要喝茶还是咖啡？Would you like to take a taxi?请问您要搭计程车吗？Would you mind sitting here?请问您介意坐在这里吗？** 只要在疑问词后加“Would you ~”，就可以提出大部分的询问。
正式英语和非正式英语
正式英语和⾮正式英语⼤家平时接触到的，熟悉的基本都是⾮正式英语，正式英语更严肃，⽤的单词较长也相对不太常见。
但是有时候⼯作中还是要⽤到formal english,所以简单介绍⼀下。
⼀、正式英语正式英语主要应⽤于写作，学术课本，⼤学论⽂，商业信函和合同中。
官⽅或者正式场合。
特点：⽐informal english使⽤更多的复杂词汇。
⽐如compensate补偿，ascend上升，interrogate审问。
常常使⽤单个动词（⽐如establish）来代替动词短语（⽐如set up）。
formal english⽤在写作中，句⼦⼀般较长，较复杂，严格遵循语法规则。
⽐较客观，经常使⽤it这样的⾮⼈称代词和动词的被动形式。
避免缩略词和缩写单词。
就连标点符号也⽐较正式，避免⽤分号（；）和冒号（：）⼆、⾮正式英语informal english基本就是⽇常⽤语和⼀些流⾏英语。
⽐较随意，对词汇的选择不太在意。
特点：⽐formal english使⽤较短的单词，⽐如fire,climb,ask。
使⽤很多⼝语词汇。
⽐如stuff,a lot of, thing,sort of经常使⽤⼀些动词短语较短，语法要求也没有formal english严格写作相⽐formal english更个⼈化，常⽤第⼀，第⼆⼈称（I,you,we）。
经常缩写单词（如常常使⽤it’s，⽽不是 it is）分号（；）和冒号（：）可以⽤Tips:俚语是informal english，不适合在礼节性的演讲和正式场合⽤。
俚语常是在固定的社会团体或职业⼈群使⽤。
三、把⾮正式英语转为正式英语有时候⼯作中发邮件不能向平时说话那么随意，我们需要把formal enlish 改成informal english，关键的关键是把动词短语改成单个动词。
要求 ask for -> request建⽴ set up -> establish发现 find out -> discover处理 deal with -> handle欺骗 take in -> deceive下⾯是⼀些例句⾮正式⽤语正式⽤语他调查了（checked up on）他的会计。
正式和非正式英语的一些表达方式
10. 其它的一些句子（下划线是正式的形式）。
1) If you come early, you will see him. (Come early and you will see him.)
2) I shall try and do it. (I shall try to do it.)
正式和非正式英语的一些表达方式（2）
3. 主谓一致
1) 单数比复数正式。 None /Neither of them has (have) arrived yet.
2) 复数比单数正式。 If I were (was) you I would do that.
Neither his wife nor his child have (has) arrived.
6) To my surprise, I hear the news. ( I'm surprised to hear the news.)
7) We starts for Beijing tonight. (We are starting for Beijing tonight.)
8) To begin with, (First ) we must consider this thoroughly.
24) Many (lots of) people get much ( a lot of ) pleasure from music.
25) He has little (not much) money and few (not many) friends.
26) I fear (am afraid) that he will not come.
He is a person on whom we can rely (whom we can rely on).
经典：英语正式与非正式打招呼(greetings)
• How do you do?（初次见面） • Glad/Nice to meet you！ • -Glad/Nice to meet you, too.
3
Informal greetings
• -How are you? • -Fine, thanks. And you? • -I'm fine, too.
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Comprehensive English Knowledge
Formal & Informal Greetings
1
• [common] How are you? • How's it going? • What's up? • How’ve you been?
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• Hello! Hi! Hey! Alright! • How are you? How you doing? • How you going? • How’s it going? You alright?
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• Good, thanks! Fine, thanks! • Not bad, not bad! Alright, thanks! • I’m OK! And you? • How about you? • What about you?
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Common expressions
• How are you? • Hello Linken, you alright? (Are you alright?)
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Common expressions
• Hey Jane, how you doing? • How you doing?
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浅谈英语中的“正式英语”与“非正式英语”
浅谈正式英语与非正式英语有何不同文章来源：乐知英语小站。
喜欢我们的文章，就来我们的英语小站看吧，有大量精选的英语干货以及各种欧美趣谈，资料每天都有更新。
想学英语，也可以听外教老师讲课哟。
听课地址：/sessionhall.html?uid=sophie在开始主题之前，我们先以日常衣着来体会一下：你会穿成下面左图那样去job interview（面试）吗？你会穿成下面右图那样去海滩玩吗？同理，英语也分场合有正式和非正式之分。
正式英语（formal English）是比较严谨、庄重的语体。
其特点是在词汇、句子、语音方面都必须严格遵守民族标准语言的规范。
它所表达的是作者与读者直接的一种非个人的关系，它力求不借助其它非语言表达方式如面部表情、手势等来准确地表达思想。
而反过来说，非正式英语（informal English），又称口头英语（spoken English）或日常交谈语体。
其特点是多少有些脱离标准语言规范，用词比较自由，句型结构比较简单。
它体现出说话者和听者之间试图建立一种随和的、轻松的、亲密的关系。
在什么场合选择哪种正式程度的语言表达是一个十分重要的问题。
有的情况下，用太过正式或太过不正式的语言都会给别人留下不好的印象（bad impression）。
那么，正式与非正式英语用法是怎样的呢？1.复杂的单词（complicated vocabulary）vs 简短的单词（short words）比如说，fatigued（疲惫的）vs tired（疲惫的）、explode（爆炸）vs blow up（爆炸）、reduce（减少）vs cut down（减少）等等。
2.复杂长句（long and complicated sentences）vs 简单短句（simple sentences）比方说，“虽然当前经济十分强盛，但一些专家预言经济衰退即将来临”正式：The economy is currently quite robust; nevertheless, some specialists predict an imminent recession.非正式：The economy is very strong right now, but some specialists say we’ll have a recession soon.3.回避短语动词（phrasal verbs）vs 大量使用短语动词、俚语、习语以及聊天语言（phrasalverbs，slang、idioms and text speaking）我们经常会发现，明明课本学得还不错，但是就是听不懂电影和电视剧里的英文，这是为什么呢？因为电影和电视剧里经常出现大量的俚语和习语，即便单词量过关，能够完全听懂还是有点困难，毕竟我们在书本里是不会学到这些。
试谈正式英语和非正式英语在词汇-语法上的特点
试谈正式英语和非正式英语在词汇\语法上的特点当我们在不同场合用汉语说、写的时候,我们就会有意识,无意识地使用不同的话、词语,但是当我们用英语交际时就有可能混淆了正式和非正式的英语,其原因是我们没有注意到它们之间的差别,语言是用来交际的,为了更好地使用语言,人们要根据交际的不同场合和目的选择不同表达方式。
正式英语(formal english)是受过良好教育的人在正式场合使用的那种英语,它的对立面是俚语(slang)。
正式英语使用范围上至政府签发的官方文件、法令、下至一所学校发布的启事和文告等。
非正式英语(informal english)指私人交谈,个人书信来往,日常口语等。
目前它主要运用于公共交际如报纸、杂志、广告、电视、通俗书籍等方面。
我们也应该指出正式英语和非正式英语是没有明显界限的,它们之间没有绝对的差异性。
但这并不否认它们之间的一般性差异。
正式英语和非正式英语的差异性主要表现在四个方面:语音、词汇、语法和篇章结构,在这篇文章里主要谈谈词汇、语法上的特点。
一般说来,正式英语在词语意义上更大,更纤细,相反非正式英语在词汇上是更短,更随意。
英语的词汇基本上有三个来源,第一是英语本身也叫盎格鲁—萨克森词汇,第二是法语,第三是拉丁语和希腊语。
从历史上讲,盎格鲁—萨克森词汇属于古英语,它是典型的德式语言,这种德式语言随着法语词汇的进入而消失,还有一些是平民百姓所用的语言仍保留至今,随着诺曼的统治,英语借用了许多法语单词,这些词汇主要使用在宫庭,它们是关于骑士、政府、道德、文学等方面的内容。
在文艺复兴时期英国作家、学者借用了很多拉丁、希腊和意大利词汇,诸如“formula”,“geometry”,“philosophy”“tragedy”等,这些词汇通常运用在文化和学术界。
一般而言,盎格鲁—萨克森词汇是短小而简单的,使用在非正式场合。
法语词汇表达了一种严肃感,而希腊词汇则是使用在文学和学术界。
因此法语和希腊词汇是被使用在正式场合。
正式英语与非正式英语英语作文
正式英语与非正式英语英语作文In the realm of communication, language serves as the cornerstone, and within it, the distinction between formal and informal English is pivotal. Formal English is characterized by its precision, politeness, and adherence to grammatical conventions, often found in academic writing, business correspondence, and official documents.On the other hand, informal English is the language of casual conversation, social media, and friendly correspondence. It is more relaxed, with a greater tolerance for colloquialisms and contractions, making it accessible and relatable.The choice between formal and informal English is not arbitrary; it is guided by the context and the audience. For instance, when addressing a professor or a superior, one would opt for the formality of formal English to convey respect and professionalism.Conversely, in a social setting or when writing to friends, informal English is not only acceptable but also preferred, as it fosters a sense of camaraderie and ease. It is the linguistic equivalent of a warm smile or a friendly wave.Understanding the nuances of both styles is crucial for effective communication. Misuse of language formality canlead to misunderstandings or even offense, highlighting the importance of language sensitivity.Moreover, the ability to switch between formal and informal English is a mark of linguistic agility. It demonstrates an individual's command over the language and their awareness of social cues.In conclusion, while formal English is the language of ceremony and decorum, informal English is the language of connection and intimacy. Both have their place and purpose, and mastering their use is key to navigating the diverse landscapes of communication.。
英语学习：正式与非正式的电子邮件用语——从问候语到结束语
【导语】⽆论你是给朋友、同事，还是给潜在的商业伙伴写信，主要⽬标是让你的信息被理解，换句话说，确保收件⼈理解你。
如果你使⽤不适当的或不正确的语⾔，并且不断地在电⼦邮件中犯错，这样读者不仅⽆法理解你，你也可能⽆法给读者留下好印象。
以下内容由整理发布，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注！1.GREETINGS问候Formal正式Dear Sir/ Madam,亲爱的先⽣/⼥⼠，Dear Mr/ Ms Jones,亲爱的琼斯先⽣/⼥⼠Dear Dr Smith,亲爱的史密斯博⼠(note: First names are NOT used. Using Miss or Mrs to address a woman is not appropriate, as you don’t know whether she’s married or not)( 注意:不使⽤名字。
⽤⼩姐或夫⼈称呼⼀个⼥⼈是不合适的，因为你不知道她是否结婚了)Informal⾮正式Hi Dennis,嗨,丹尼斯，Hello Claire,你好,克莱尔，Dear Mum,亲爱的妈妈，(note: salutations are followed by a (,) comma.)（注:问候语后⾯有⼀个(，)逗号。
）2. Reasons for writing Replying回信的原因I am writing to我写信是to make a reservation为了预约to apply for the position of为了申请这个职位to confirm my booking为了确认我的预约to ask for further information about…为了咨询更多的有关信息With reference to our telephone conversation on Friday, I would like to let you know that…根据周五我们的电话交谈,我想让你知道…3. Making a request提出请求Asking for information询问情况Could you please let me know你能告诉我...if you can attend…你是否参加…if you are available for a meeting on 12th December?你是否可以在12⽉12⽇开会?Could you possibly arrange a meeting with the Logistics Manager?你能安排⼀次与物流经理的会议吗?I would also like to know if there are any swimming pools in your areas.我还想知道你们地区是否有游泳池。
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从句比不定式的形式正式 It is important that we should do it (for us to do it). It seems that he is a teacher. (He seems to be a teacher.)
3) 和kind 连用的名词单数比复数正式。 This kind of dog (These kinds of dogs are) is easy to train. I like most kind of cat (cats).
句子结构
➢倒装句比不倒装句正式。 Had I known it (If I had known it) I would have told you. Hardly have I seen this. (I have hardly seen this.)
Summary
就像中文一样，英语里面也分正式和非正式用法。对于新手来说，弄错用错是非常正常的。 为了要达到熟练把握这两者的区别和用法场合上的不同，需要长期的努力。但是，有一些 最基本的，最直接的区别还是能够让人一目了然。下面就列出几条。
1、简单句通常是用在非正式环境。 2、过去分词，独立主格结构，动名词形式作修饰通常用在正式环境。 3、排比，修辞，并列句通常用在正式场合。 4、Anglo-Saxon词源的词一般用在非正式场合。 5、French，Greek，Latin词源的词一般是用在正式场合，而且通常为多音节词。 6、Have not, Must not, Can not等在正式场合不能缩写为haven't, mustn't, can't。 7、非正式场合who可以替代whom。 8、非正式场合，在虚拟语气中，当主语是I，he的时候谓语可以用was代替were。 9、俚语，口语表达用在非正式场合。 10、动词词组通常表示非正式的意思，为了表示正式意思可以找到相近意思的词代替
词源
❖ 人们在什么场合选择什么样正式程度的词语, 是一个十分重要的问题。 根据现代语言学研究的结果, 可根据词语的正式程度, 把词语大致分四类:
(1) 深奥词。 大多数深奥词来自拉丁语、法语和希腊语, 使用的场合一般较为正式。
(2) 大众词。
此类词语在正式或非正式的场合中使用最广泛,使用频度最高, 是人们在每天的 交际中必不可少的语言。
3) 指时间和地点的从句 `Prep + which' 比 `when' and `where' 从句正 式。 This is the place in which (where ) I worked. That is the day on which (when) I came.
II. 人称代词
2) 在定语从句中作主语和宾语的关系词`Who' `whom' and `which'比 `th at' 正式。 He is the person who (that) is well-known all over the country. This is the book which (that) I bought yesterday. I know the person whom (that) you spoke to.
句子结构
➢状语
1) 时间，原因和条件状语可以用非谓语动词的形式，也可以用状语 从句的形式，一般的说，非谓语动词形式比状语从句形式正式。
Being (As he was) a farmer, he had to get up early. W eather permitting (If weather permits), we shall go.
Thank you !
III. 指示代词
1) 当`This' 和 `that'都是后指时，'that' 比 `this' 正式。 That (This) is what I thought.
2.)`that / those' 作为先行词比名词正式。 Those flowers are better than those which (the flowers) we planted last year.
句子结构
➢主谓一致
1) 单数比复数正式。 None / Neither of them has (have) arrived yet.
2) 复数比单数正式。 If I were (was) you I would do that. Neither his wife nor his child have (has) arrived. There are (is) hundreds of people outside.
(3) 口语词。
指非正式谈话和写作中所使用的亲昵的词语、短语、习语等。这些词语和习语 被认为不适合在礼貌的会话或正式通信场合中使用。
(4) 理语词。
最不正式的一种语言。供青年人、社会行业之间交际时所使用的“ 行话” 。 对此类词语的使用要十分慎重, 尤其不宜在正式的社交场合中使用。但是, 由于理语 具有创新、生动和传播迅速的特点, 因此, 目前, 便语似呈使用范围日渐扩大的趋势。
eg. As we (I) showed in Chapter One, it is not an easy question
. One (You) never knows what may happen.
6) 在复合句中，主句和从句中的 d.
主语出现名词和代词时，主句中 d.)
The plane took off as soon as it had refuele (It took off as soon as the plane had refuele
2.短语动词： pick up,give up,go on with ,fall out,look into
正式使用单个动词
正式： 1.词汇： explode,reduce,position, fatigurd
2.短语动词： choose,abandon, continue,quarrel,investgate
2. A lot of slang(大量的俚语) 3. Simple sentences（简单的句子） 4.常用第一，第二人称（例如I ，you， we） 5. Acronyms（缩写单词，如常常使用it’s）
词比较
非正式使用短语动词
非正式： 1. 词汇： blow up,cut down,job, tired
➢不省略的形式比省略的形式正式。
I know that he is a famous writer. He is a person whom I have known for several years.
➢介词前提比介词结尾的句子正式。 He is a person on whom we can rely (whom we can rely o n).
1) 通常在比较级中主格比宾格正式。 eg. He is taller than I (me). Who is there ? It is I.(me)
2) 在动名词前，所属格比主格正式。 eg. Do you mind my (me) smoking? I am surprised at his (him) making that mistak
e.
3) 单数人称代词比复数正式。
eg. Everyone should do his (their) duty.
Give me (us) a kiss, darling.
Everyone thinks he knows (they know) the answer.
4) 指作者本人用 `We' 比 `I' 正式。 5) 泛指人时，`One' 比 `you' 正式。
非正式英语(Informal English ) 又称口头英语( Spoken English) , 或日常 交谈语体。其特点是多少有些脱离标准语言规范, 用词比较自由, 句型结构比较 简单。作者和读者( 听者) 之间试图建立一种随和的、轻松的、密切的关系。 语言的环境多种多样, 谈话人之间的关系千差万别。因此, 口头用语可分为两类: 规范口头语体和亲昵口头语体
代词和动词的被动形式)
5.Avoiding Acronyms and abbreviations words
(尽量避免缩略语和缩写单词的出现)
非正式英语词汇的使用
1. short of Words (较短的单词)，oral vocab ulary(口语词汇)，phrasal verb(短语动词 )
I'll get back as quickly (quick) as I can. He read loudly (loud). I guessed rightly (right).
4) 让步状语从句 `how (who, when, what) ever' 的形式
比 no matter how (who, when, what) 的形式正式。
With what did he write it? (What did he write it with?
句子结构
情态动词 1) 用于请求时，`May' 比 `can' 正式。 May (Can) I use your bike? 2) 用于请求时，`Would' 和 `Could' 比 `will' 和 `can' 正式。 Would / Could ( Will / Can) you like to give a speech?