2013年考研英语翻译真题

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高译教育-上海海事大学考研英语翻译基础真题2013

高译教育-上海海事大学考研英语翻译基础真题20132013年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目：英语翻译基础I．Set Phrase Translation（1 score for each item, 20 scores in total）1.穿越剧2.春晚3.计划生育4.外来务工人员5.年夜饭6.发展体育运动，增强人民体质7.消除皱纹8.回家养病9.培养道德意识10.发展是硬道理11.非居民用水12.潜规则13.Better Cities, Better Life14.吃团圆饭15.中国能源的困局16.特大地震17.倡导学术诚信18.三公经费19.择校20.社会事业II．Blank Filling（fill in each blank with English, 1 score for each blank, 20 scores in total）1.It is believed that the earliest translated Bible in translationhistory of the West is called ________.2.______ is believed to be the first theorist in the West to discuss theoretical issues in translation.3.Prior to the Tang Dynasty, ______ was widely translated majorly from _____ into Chinese.4.The Latin Vulgate was translated by _______.5.The first English version of whole Bible was translated by a group of people led by _____.6.The most important and influential of English Bible is the ______ version.7.The Reformation in the West is largely initiated by _____ who translated Bible from its original languagesinto ______.8.Nida believes that there are fundamentally two different types of equivalence, one which may be called____, and another which is primarily _____.9.In his theoretical construction, Peter Newmark puts forward two diametrically different translationmethods, one of which is ______ translation and another ______ translation.10.Yan Fu, a famous modern Chinese thinker and reformer, was at the same time well-known for his proposalof tri-principles of translation, i.e. _____, ______ and _______.11.The seminal paper ____________ written by ______ was called the Independence Declaration ofTranslation Studies as a discipline.12.Literary translation in late-Qing China was started by ______, who translated a romance story originallywritten in _____ into Chinese in cooperation with his interpreter Wei Yi.III．Simple Sentence Translation （2 scores for each，20 scores in total）1.像这种情况，医院就是没考虑到一些特殊病人的需要，没能为患者提供一种人性化的服务。

2013年考研英语真题答案及解析

看，说“这个等级考虑了几种因素……”，是对上文评级的进一步解释，也没有问题。
15.[A] instead 代替，反而 [B] then 那么，然后 [C] ever 曾经，究竟
[D] rather 宁可，宁愿
【答案】B
【考点】上下文逻辑衔接
【解析】还是承接上文讲到的评级得分，后半句讲到的是（平时学校等级）考试得分，再结合中间 conjunction
有偏见。”首先注意到空前面有定冠词 the，指代上文信息，即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境。而大局，大环境的
表达，此处选择 picture 是最贴切的。A 选项 issue 问题，B 选项 vision 想象力，美景都不合适，故答案选 C。
4.[A] Above all 首先 [B] On average 平均，通常 [C] In principle 大体上，原则上 [D] For example 例如
Simonsohn 指出，这种优势有可能是劣势。他认为不考虑外界因素容易受片面信息影响，无法做出客观判断，
并通过法官判案这个例子来支撑这一观点。第二段 Dr. Simonsohn 进一步通过大学招生程序，来验证自己的观
点。针对当前面试者不受其他面试者影响这一观点，提出怀疑。第三段具体介绍了面试过程的安排。第四段
[D] promote 促进
【答案】A
【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析
【解析】首先注意到 idea 前面有指示代词 this，很明显指代上文提出的观点。而且跟上文以法官为例一样，下
文“他们把注意力转向大学录取过程”也是上文观点的例证，目的是对上文的观点进行检验，而不是 A 选项“促
进”，B 选项“强调”或 C 选项“分享”，故答案选 D。
[C] chosen 精选的 [D] identified 经鉴定的

2013年考研英语(二)真题校对版及全文翻译

2013 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns.We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] copy [C] provide [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Because [C] Until [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] ease [D] raise15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D]displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] unclear [D] uncommon17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] call for [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] cope with20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] trail [D] pathSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software,cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, ne w technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] adopt an average lifestyle[B] work on cheap software[C] ask for a moderate salary[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to advance economic globalization[C] to ensure more education for people[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] Technology Goes Cheap[B] New Law Takes Effect[C] Recession Is Bad[D] Average Is OverText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “Uccelli di passaggio ,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, homehealth-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] stay in a foreign temporarily.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] immigrate across the Atlantic.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixed via political means.[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] the freedom to stay and leave.[D] opportunities to get regular jobs.[A] as faithful partners.[B] with regal tolerance.[C] with economic favors.[D] as mighty rivals.[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapi d stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing,Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it ha sn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] vary according to the urgency of the situation32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] think before we act[C] do as people usually do[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘thin sliced’study[C] adequate information[D] sensible explanation35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] optimistic[C] uncertain[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe's top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considereda failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the q uotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I unders tand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When w omen do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a response to Reding’s c all[C] a reluctant choice[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The auth or’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Shopkeepers are your friends[B] Remember to treat yourself[C] Stick to what you need[D] Live like a peasant[E] Balance your diet[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ?60 a week to spend, ?40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ?130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42_______________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarketchiller.43______________________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - ?1.75 a week for three months gives you ?21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's ?16.95 there - or ?12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’sharder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical paly Ham opened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.47 .Writingsuppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2)encourage them to participate 100 words use Liming. Don't write your address.48 Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should(1)interpret the chart ,and(2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words.2013 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）答案1．【答案】A However【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。

2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析

2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。

第一段是文章的中心段落，指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。

第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的安全隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。

二、试题解析1．【答案】A （However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。

”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，两者之前出现了明显的转折关系，因此答案A。

B. moreover 表递进C.therefore 表结果D. Otherwise 表对比2．【答案】D （around）【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。

事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。

A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D. around 出现。

3．【答案】B （concept）【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A“力量”,C“历史”,D “角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role 的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。

4．【答案】D （reverse）【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize （变革）意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中A. reward 奖励B. 抵抗C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有D 选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。

2013年考研英语试题及答案

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A] grants [B] submits[C] transmits[D] delivers2. [A] minor[B] objective[C] crucial[D] external3. [A] issue [B] vision[C] picture[D] moment4. [A] For example[B] On average[C] In principle[D] Above all5. [A] fond[B] fearful[C] capable[D] thoughtless6. [A] in[B] on [C] to[D] for7. [A] if[B] until[C] though[D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize[C] share[D] test9. [A] decision[B] quality[C] status[D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied[C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible[C] replaceable[D] otherwise12. [A] inspired[B] expressed[C] conducted[D] secured13. [A] assigned[B] rated[C] matched[D] arranged14. [A] put[B] got[C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead[B] then[C] ever[D] rather16. [A] selected[B] passed[C] marked[D] introduced17. [A] before[B] after[C] above[D] below18. [A] jump[B] float[C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve[B] undo[C] maintain[D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible[C] necessary[D] helpfulSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn't affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline's three-year indictment of “fast fashion.”In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don't advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world's answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can't be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her .[A]insensitivity to fashion[B] obsession with high fashion[C] poor bargaining skill[D] lack of imagination22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to .[A] combat unnecessary waste[B] shop for their garments more frequently[C] resist the influence of advertisements[D] shut out the feverish fashion world23. The word “indictment”(Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] tolerance [B] indifference[C] enthusiasm [D]accusation24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] V anity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.[D] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, would have DNT as a default.Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They’ ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guaranteethat DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple? [433 words]26. It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to .[A] provide better online services[B] ease competition among themselves[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] lower their operational costs27.“The industry” (Line 6, Para. 3) refers to .[A] internet browser developers[B] digital information analysts[C] e-commerce conductors[D] online advertisers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default .[A] may cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?[A] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.[B] DNT may not serve its intended purpose.[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of .[A] indulgence [B] understanding[C] appreciation [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfilment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations arenow thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by .[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN's “Red List” suggests that human beings are .[A] a sustained species[B] the world's dominant power[C] a threat to the environment[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[B] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[C] Technology offers solutions to social problems.[D] Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to .[A] adopt an optimistic view of the world[B] draw on our experience from the past[C] explore our planet's abundant resources[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind.[B] Science, Technology and Humanity.[C] Evolution of the Human Species.[D] Uncertainty about Our Future.Text 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration lawMonday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration's effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held that Congress had deliberately “occupied the field,” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That's because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justices—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power.” The White House argued that Arizona's laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona's plan were overturned because they .[A] disturbed the power balance between different states[B] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law[C] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Congress's intervention in immigration enforcement[B] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement[D] States’ independence from federal immigration law38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts .[A] stood in favor of the states[B] supported the federal statute[C] undermined the states’ interests[D] violated the Constitution39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] is dependent on the states’ support.[B] is established by federal statutes.[C] outweighs that held by the states.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today's global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)___________________________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)___________________________ This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004. (43)___________________________When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding.(44)___________________This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today's economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)___________________________That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[B] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention fromscientists, especially the young ones.[C] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[D] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate-varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%. Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（10 points）It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one's relation to one's environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fullyjustifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.Section Ⅱ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2013年全真试题答案Section I Use of English1. A2. D3. C4. A5. B6. B7. A8. D9. D 10. A11. D 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. CText 2 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. DText 3 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. AText 4 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. DPart B41.E 42.F 43.D 44.G 45.APart C46．然而，看到那些无家可归的人所创建的花园的照片时，我们不禁会发现这一系列花园即使风格各异，揭示的却是几种其他的根本需求，不限于美饰与表达的范畴。

2013年考研英语真题及答案(完整版)

3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful答案：1-5: ADCAB6-10: BADDA11-15: DCBDB16-20: CACBC答案详解：2013年的完型填空是一篇选自《经济学人》名为A Question of Judgment的文章。

考研英语真题：2013考研英语二翻译、大小作文真题

考研英语真题：2013考研英语二翻译、大小作文真题以下是笔者为大家整理的考研英语真题：2013考研英语二翻译、大小作文真题，仅供大家参考。

考研英语真题：2013考研英语二翻译、大小作文真题翻译真题46. I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week, I’ve been able to do this, since I was 4.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory. I do what everybody does-try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. Ialso remember that the musical play hair opened on Broodway on the same day-they both just pop into my mind in the same way.作文真题47 Writingsupposeyourclassistoholdacharitysaleforkidsinneedof help.writeyourclassmatesanemailto1)informthemaboutthedetailsand2)encouragethemtoparticipate100wordsuseLiMing.Don’twriteyouraddress.48 Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should(1)interpret the chart ,and(2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words.。

2013年考研英语阅读历年真题翻译

在过去的25年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。

对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。

然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。

现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。

从20世纪早期到二战以前，当时的英国报纸上的评论主题广泛，包罗万象，我们现在离此类报纸评论越来越远。

当时的报纸极其便宜，人们把高雅时尚的文艺批评当作是所刊登报纸的一个亮点。

在那些遥远的年代，各大报刊的评论家们都会不遗余力地详尽报道他们所报道的事情，这在当时被视为是理所当然的事情。

他们的写作是件严肃的事情，人们相信：甚至那些博学低调不喜欢炫耀的评论家，比如George Bernard Shaw和Ernest Newman也知道自己在做什么（即他们的文章会高调出现在报纸上）。

这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一项职业，并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。

“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋以保证他们在新闻报纸写作中站稳脚跟”，Newman曾写道，“我倾向于把‘新闻写作’定义为不受读者欢迎的作家用来嘲讽受读者欢迎的作家的一个‘轻蔑之词’”不幸的是，这些批评家们现在实际上已被人们遗忘。

从1917年开始一直到1975年去世不久前还在为曼彻斯特《卫报》写文章的Neville Cardus，如今仅仅作为一个撰写关于板球比赛文章的作家被人们所知。

但是，在他的一生当中，他也是英国首屈一指的古典音乐评论家之一。

他也是一位深受读者青睐的文体家，所以1947年他的《自传》一书就成为热销读物。

1967年他被授予爵士称号，也是第一位获此殊荣的音乐评论家。

然而，他的书现在只有一本可以在市面上买到。

2013年考研英语真题二全文翻译

2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题全文翻译Section I 全文翻译鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。

然而，真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。

事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。

例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”，并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。

为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢？尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。

第一，使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络，而安装这些设备价格昂贵。

第二，纸质支票有提供收据这一优势，这是消费者不愿放弃的。

第三，使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里，对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现，这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。

而由于电子支票是即时的，因此也就没有这种优势。

第四，电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。

我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。

这种情况时有发生，这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统，盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。

要防止这类诈骗并非易事，正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。

此外，人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。

人们担心政府部门，雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据，侵犯个人隐私。

Section II Reading ComprehensionText1全文翻译亚当•戴维森《在美国制造》一文中提到南部种棉地区的一个笑话，内容涉及现代纺织厂自动化的程度：如今的普通工厂只有两个雇员，“一个人外加一条狗。

人是负责喂狗的，狗则是为了让人不要靠近机器的。

”目前，我们的失业率为何居高不下、中产阶级收入为何下降，其实也是由于全球化和信息技术革命的发展。

2013年同济大学英语翻译硕士考研真题及其答案解析

财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班
2013年同济大学
英语翻译硕士
考研真题及答案解析
育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:
历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.
有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。

翻译硕士英语
第一项单选30题，就是考词汇和语法，阅读比往年量少，四篇阅读，两篇选择两篇问答，作文给了两个题目，二选一，第二篇，讲happiness ，写一篇400字的作文。

英语翻译基础
英译汉
the conclusion of the interpreting performance zero tariff presidential suite 还有什么节能减排户口登记公告服务什么的一共10个
汉译英
招牌菜中国共产党中央纪律检查委员会政治局候补委员收到信用证后30天装运品质检验证书莫言的代表作《丰乳肥臀》化境
段落翻译
两段英译汉两段汉译英，第一段英译汉好像应该是各种地名，汉译英第一篇讲中药，第二篇讲教育子女。

翻译评论，给了一段中文以及对这段文章的两篇翻译，要求评论译文的优缺点，中文写。

第二个是问你translator 和interpreter 的基本素质，英文写。

汉语写作与百科知识。

2013年考研英语翻译真题

这篇关于《2013年考研英语翻译真题》，是⽆忧考特地为⼤家整理的，希望对⼤家有所帮助！Section III Translation Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,”to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand. Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms. 46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression. 47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need. 48. The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such 49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic 50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.。

2013考研英语二真题翻译试题

2013考研英语二真题翻译试题+参考答案（及出处解析）46. I can pick a date from the past 53years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even theday of the week, I’ve been able to do this, since I was 4.I never feeloverwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems tobe able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of asad memory. I do what everybody does-try to put it to one side. I don’t thinkit’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’tmake my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfatherdied and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I alsoremember that the musical play hair opened on Broodway on the same day-theyboth just pop into my mind in the same way.从过去的53年里选择任何一天，我都能立刻回想起我那时在哪儿，当时有什么新闻，甚至连那天是星期几都能回想起来。

2013年考研英语翻译真题

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌en and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.48. The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.en and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.48. The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible assuch49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.“成千上万人疯狂下载。

2013考研英语二真题全文翻译答案解析超详细讲解析

2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了G. I. Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。

二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。

空格中需要填动词，在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是who（指代men and women），动作发生的地点是in World War II；空后的句子“the people they liberated”中they也指代men and women，他们有liberate的动作，由此推断“the men and women”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人，即服役的军人。

只有serve 有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。

A 项perform 意为“表现；执行；表演”；C 项rebel 意为“造反，反抗”；D 项betray 意为”背叛，出卖”，皆不符合文意，为干扰项。

2．【答案】B【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的the poor farm kid 和the guy 在含义上呼应，同时与空格后的“grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致，因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄，所以选B。

A 项actual 意为“实际上，事实上的”；C 项special 意为“特殊的，专门的”；D 项normal 意为“正常的，常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。

3．【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是who（the guy），宾语是all the burdens of battle，要表达“承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear 或shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试武汉大学2013年真题

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试武汉大学2013年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.A man"s worth lies not so much in ______ he has as in ______ he is.（分数：0.50）A.that, thatB.that, whatC.what, thatD.what, what √解析：[解析] 句意：一个人的价值与其说在于他拥有什么，不如说他是什么。

not so much…as…与其……不如……。

本题考查宾语从句，所填词既要引导宾语从句，又要在宾语从句中作主语，只有“what”满足条件。

故选择D项。

2.She ran back into the room to see ______ he ______ anything behind.（分数：0.50）A.if, had forgottenB.if, had left √C.that, had forgottenD.that, had left解析：[解析] 句意：她跑回房间看他有没有落下什么东西。

根据句意判断宾语从句应由if“是否”来引导，并应为过去完成时态。

leave behind是固定搭配，意思是“丢下，落下”。

故选择B项。

3.Life, as the TV series demonstrates, is too complex for ______ endings.（分数：0.50）A.intricateB.ambiguousC.straightforward √D.recognizable解析：[解析] 句意：就像电视剧展现的那样，生活太复杂，往往不会有直截了当的结局。

too…for意为“对……来说太……”，含有否定意味。

intricate复杂的。

ambiguous模糊不清的，引起歧义的。

straightforward坦率的，径直的。

2013翻译硕士英语试卷.pdf

2013年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）答题要求：例如1---5：AAAAA 6---10：BBBBB考试科目：翻译硕士英语Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points; 0.5 point for each item)Directions: There are 60 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. You and I could hardly understand each other, _______ ?A. could IB. couldn’t youC. could weD. couldn’t we2. We often advise him not to drink more wine _______ is good for his health.A. asB. thanC. thatD. but3. I didn’t call the hotel to make a room reservation, but I _______ .A. may haveB. must haveC. should haveD. shall have4. It was not until midnight _______ the camping site.A. that they have reachedB. that they did not reachC. did they reachD. did they not reach5. Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions _______ a politician.A. suchB. moreC. asD. than6. _______ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development ofproduction.A. WhatB. ThatC. ItD. As7. Space exploration promises to open up many new territories for human settlement, as well as_____the harvest of mineral resources.A. leads toB. to lead toC. leading toD. lead to8. Someday, solar power collected by satellite s ______ the earth may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization.A. circledB. to circleC. circlingD. circles9. In this experiment, they are wakened several times during the night, and asked to report what they _______.A. had just been dreamingB. are just dreamingC. have just been dreamingD. had just dreamt10. Her terror was so great ______somewhere to escape; she would have run for her life.A. only ifB. that there had only beenC. that had there only beenD. if there were only11. Some women ________a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided notto work for the sake of the family.A. must makeB. should have madeC. would makeD. could have made12. A light with no more power than _______by an ordinary electric light bulb becomesintensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.A. as is producedB. that producedC. that is producedD. produced13. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelersor others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone _______what lay beneath the surface.A. askingB. askC. to askD. be asked14. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than,_____ at the other store.A. anyoneB. the othersC. thatD. the ones15. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _____its soil and the water of its lakes,rivers and oceans.A. areB. isC. doD. has16. From now on, when anyone in our ranks who has done some useful work dies, ______soldieror cook, we should have a funeral ceremony and a memorial meeting in his honor.A. no matter he isB. whether he has beenC. be heD. whether be he17. In 1921 Einstein won the Nobel Prize, and was honored in Germany until the rise ofNazism_______he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.A. thenB. andC. whenD. before18. Physics is the present-day equivalent of _____used to be called natural philosophy fromwhich most of present-day science arose.A. thatB. allC. whichD. what19. _____ the population of working age increased by 1 million between 1981 and 1986, today itis barely growing.A. WhereasB. Even ifC. AfterD. Now that20. By the first decade of the 21st century, international commercial traffic _____vastly beyondtoday’s levels.A. will be expected to extendB. will have been expected to extendC. is expected to be extendedD. is expected to have extended21. His features were agreeable; his body, _____slight of build, had something of athleticoutline.A. somehowB. asC. thoughD. somewhat22. We advocate ______the economic, cultural and religious traditions of all national minorities.A. to respectB. to be respectedC. respectingD. having respected23. There are two horses at the ends of a rope ____with all their might in opposite directions.A. pullingB. pullC. pulledD. to pull24. Today the Tennessee Valley is one of the richest areas in the world. But if things _____asthey were it would now be a desert.A. had leftB. were leftC. had been leftD. had been leaving25. After twenty years abroad, William came back only ____ how his hometown was damagedin an earthquake.A. to find outB. finding outC. to have found outD. to be finding out26. Relaxation, ______ fresh air, pure water and clean food, is essential to a sound mind andhealthy body.A. much less thanB. no less thanC. no more thanD. any less than27. It is far better to do well a bit of work which is well ___a large fortune.A. worthy to be done than haveB. worth doing than to haveC. worthwhile to do than haveD. worthy of doing than have28. Understanding the cultural habit of another nation, especially _____containing as manydifferent subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. such29. Whether or not the next plan will yield any positive results ____to be seen.A. remainB. remainsC. is remainedD. have remained30. If ever again ___happens an accident like this, we will have only ourselves to blame.A. itB. soC. thereD. that31. The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only ________ familiaritywith technology.A. in quest ofB. by means ofC. in terms ofD. by virtue of32. Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were ________.A. in no wayB. on the contraryC. at a lossD. of no avail33. By signing the lease we made a ________ to pay a rent of $150 a week.A. conceptionB. commissionC. commitmentD. confinement34. To prevent flooding in winter, the water flowing from the dam is constantly ________ by acomputer.A. gradedB. managedC. conductedD. monitored35. Many people think of deserts as ________ regions, but numerous species of plants andanimals have adapted to live there.A. virginB. barrenC. voidD. wretched36. The original elections were declared ________ by the former military ruler.A. voidB. vulgarC. surplusD. extravagant37. They stood gazing at the happy ________ of children playing in the park.A. perspectiveB. viewC. landscapeD. scene38. An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women’s status in society will ________through the current law system in Japan.A. permeateB. probeC. violateD. grope39. When he realized he had been ________ to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened tostart legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.A. elicitedB. excitedC. deducedD. induced40. These areas rely on agriculture almost ________, having few mineral resources and aminimum of industrial development.A. respectivelyB. extraordinarilyC. incrediblyD. exclusively41. When he finally emerged from the cave after thirty days, John was ________ pale.A. enormouslyB. startlinglyC. uniquelyD. dramatically42. Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at thistime, but we shall keep your application on ________ for two months.A. pileB. segmentC. sequenceD. file43. It will be safer to walk on the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts ofcash; virtually all financial ________ will be conducted by computer.A. transactionsB. transmissionsC. transitionsD. transformations44. The ________ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physicalaspects in the life style of the people.A. implementationB. manifestationC. demonstrationD. expedition45. The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased ________,a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.A. manipulationB. reproductionC. circulationD. penetration46. The directions were so ________ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.A. ingeniousB. ambitiousC. notoriousD. ambiguous47. Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of themost ________ areas in Japanese life.A. sophisticatedB. competitiveC. considerateD. superficial48. If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of________.A. persuasionB. remedyC. encouragementD. compromise49. Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her ________ for a whole week.A. constrainedB. dominatedC. restrictedD. occupied50. If we ________ our relations with that country, we’ll have to find another supplier of rawmaterials.A. diffuseB. diminishC. terminateD. preclude51. Movie directors use music to ________ the action on the screen.A. contaminateB. complimentC. contemplateD. complement52. His career was not noticeably ________ by the fact that he had never been to college.A. preventedB. restrainedC. hinderedD. refrained53. When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be ________ in deeper.A. absorbedB. pushedC. heavedD. sucked54. To ________ for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.A. commenceB. compromiseC. compensateD. compliment55. All visitors are requested to ________ with the regulations.A. complyB. agreeC. assistD. consent56. The captain ________ the horizon for approaching ships.A. scannedB. scrutinizedC. exploredD. swept57. The vast majority of people in any given culture will ________ to the established standardsof that culture.A. confineB. conformC. confrontD. confirm58. Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat ________ by steam.A. towedB. tossedC. propelledD. pressed59. Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ________themselves.A. stretchingB. extendingC. prolongingD. expanding60. The doctors don’t ________ that he will live much longer.A. manifestB. articulateC. anticipateD. monitorPart II. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points；1 point for each question in the first four passages, and 2 points for each question in the last twopassages)Directions: There are 6 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Passage1Your first culture shock came after you left your home country and needed to adjust to the United States. It is now important to learn cultural information about your company, so that you will fit in and perform successfully. The people who make up this environment have their own customs, habits and expectations of each new employee. Gathering information that is formal (policy) and informal (traditions) will help you learn the professional norms and become fully accepted.Policies are corporate documents describing procedures, rules, and standards that guide decision making and conduct. They are similar to official laws that govern a country. Some sources of such written company information include the annual report, product or service brochures, technical and procedural manual, employee directory and the company newsletter. Organizational traditions are usually unwritten hut common practices that have evolved over time. They set the tone and philosophy of the particular corporation, just as the customs of a country do. The best way to learn such information is to observe and talk with others such as your supervisor and co-workers.You can supplement ideas from formal introductory materials given you earlier. Explore with fellow employees those behaviors that may be tolerated but frowned upon. Ask your supervisor for feedback to avoid typical traps that could cause your co-workers to reject you as a professional. Keep this guide nearby, and refer to it often in private. Reviewing formal company procedures, handouts, written notes, ideas, comments from bosses and colleagues, together with materials in this handbook, will help you make a more healthy cultural adjustment.61. What is the purpose to learn cultural information?A. To know the U.S. A. better.B. To work better in the new environment.C. To make more money.D. To improve one’s English.62. According to the passage, _______ is not the policy’s function.A. describing procedures, rules and standardsB. governing a countryC. helping to guide decision making and conductD. writing down the company’s information63. _______ is the best way to learn the organizational traditions.A. To read the policiesB. To study the philosophyC. To study a country’s customsD. To observe and communicate with the colleagues and boss.64. How to make a more healthy cultural adjustment?A. Read this passage often.B. Discuss the organizational culture with your colleagues.C. Gather and review the formal and informal information in the corporation.D. Ask your boss for help.65. The passage is written to _______.A. help readers to understand the organization’s cultureB. explain the culture shockC. analyze the policies and traditionsD. help readers to work better with their supervisor and co-workersPassage 2Scientists have known since 1952 that DNA is the basic stuff of heredity. They've known its chemical structure since 1953. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins, the basic building blocks of life.But everything the genetic engineers have accomplished during the past half-century is just a preamble to the work that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues are doing now. Collins leads the Human Genome Project, a 15-year effort to draw the first detailed map of every nook and cranny of gene in human DNA. Anderson, who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations, is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quickly as possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.What they and other researchers are plotting is nothing less than a biomedical revolution. Like Silicon Valley pirates reverse-engineering a computer chip to steal a competitor's secrets, genetic engineers are decoding life's molecular secrets and trying to use that knowledge to reverse the natural course of disease. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug, a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.And that's just the beginning. For all the fevered work being done, however, science is still far away from the Brave New World vision of engineering a perfect human— or even a perfect tomato. Much more research is needed before gene therapy becomes commonplace, and many diseases will take decades to conquer, if they can be conquered at all.In the short run, the most practical way to use the new technology will be in genetic screening. Doctors will be able to detect all sorts of flaws in DNA long before they can be fixed. In some cases the knowledge may lead to treatments that delay the onset of the disease or soften its effects. Someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease, for example, could follow a low-fat diet. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective, they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein. But in other instances, almost nothing can be done to stop the ravages brought on by genetic mutations.66. It can be inferred from the text that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues _______.A. know that human DNA acts like a biological computer programB. have found the basic building blocks of lifeC. have accomplished some genetic discovery during the past half-centuryD. are making a breakthrough in DNA67. Collins and Anderson are cited in the text to indicate all the following EXCEPT that________.A. time-consuming effort is needed to accomplish the detailed map of gene in human DNAB. human gene-therapy operations may be applied to the patientsC. gene-therapy now is already generally used to the treatment and prevention of humandiseasesD. information about DNA may be used in the treatment and prevention of human diseases68. The word "pirate" (Line 2, Para. 3) means _______.A. one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the seaB. one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another without authorizationC. to plunderD. to make use of or reproduce ( another's work) without authorization69. We can draw a conclusion from the text that _______.A. engineering a perfect human is not feasible for the time beingB. it's impossible for scientists to engineer a perfect tomatoC. many diseases will never be conquered by human beingsD. doctors will be able to cure all sorts of flaws in DNA in the long run70. The best title for the text may be _______.A. The Basic Stuff of HeredityB. The Genetic RevolutionC. A Biomedical RevolutionD. How to Apply Genetic Technology Passage 3It was going to have roughly the effect of a neutron bomb attack on high streets and shopping malls. The buildings would be left standing but the people would vanish. Such was the superior efficiency of selling things via the Internet that brick-and-mortar stores would be unable to compete on price, choice or even service. Book and music sellers had already been “Amazoned”. Soon web-based “category-killers”, in everything from toys to pet supplies, would overwhelm their physical-world competitors. Shoppers would never be more than a mouse-click from the best deals. Traditional retailers, terrified of cannibalizing sales and destroying the value of their expensive properties, were already too late to meet the challenge. “In some categories,” said Mary Meeker, a seer of the Internet at Morgan Stanly, “it’s already game over.”These are convenient beliefs for anyone justifying some e-commerce share prices, but they are already mostly wrong. The reasons should surprise no one. The Internet is not a dominant technology but rather a network of people. It is a rich and highly flexible means of communicating that is rapidly achieving pervasiveness because more and more people find it eas y and convenient to use. But it is those people’s preferences that will count; and for most people, shopping is more than just a means to an end. Even if the Internet provided a perfectly efficient way to shop it would not provide a satisfactory alternative to the physical enjoyment of sniffing a ripe melon, say, or trying on a cashmere sweater.Of course, some products, such as music and banking, can be distributed electronically with success and cost saving. But most purchases cannot be reduced to digital code. And distributing physical goods is cumbersome and expensive. Behind even the most exciting user interface thereare old-fashioned warehouses and lorries, customers who decline to sit at home waiting for purchases to arrive, and goods that must be re-wrapped and expensively returned. No wonder that the cost of getting goods to customers’ homes so often soaks up the notional price advantages of e-commerce.What Internet shoppers have quickly realized is that the web is an addition to, and not a substitute for, their shopping habits. It is wonderful for gathering up-to-date information about products and prices. Cyber Dialogue, a research firm, estimates that in 1998 23m Americans sought information online, but then made their purchases offline, compared with only 17.7m who did the whole thing online.71. The author compares ________ of the online sale to the effect of neutron bomb attack.A. the efficiencyB. the choiceC. the priceD. the service72. According to Mary Meeker, ________.A. tradi tional retailers can’t compete with online ones on price, choice or serviceB. the battle between traditional retailers and online retailers is overC. online retailers have prevailed over traditional ones in the market of certain productsD. online ret ailers have destroyed the value of traditional retailers’ properties73. According to the passage, shopping for most people ________.A. is a flexible means of communicatingB. is not just a means to gaining an endC. does not provide an alternative to physical enjoymentD. provides a perfectly easy and efficient way of living74. The cost of goods delivery brings about the result that ________.A. distributing goods becomes troublesome and expensiveB. the notional price advantages of e-commerce are eliminatedC. old-fashioned warehouses and lorries have to be still in useD. goods must be wrapped again and expensively returned75. According to Cyber Dialogue, ________.A. online shopping will not replace the traditional shopping habitsB. customers seek information via the Internet more often than via any other meansC. Internet users prefer to seek information online without making real purchasesD. fewer and fewer people purchase what they want via the InternetPassage 4A friend who had lived in New York in the 1970s was recently here for a brief visit. I asked him what, in this ever-changing city, he found to be most startlingly changed. He thought for a minute before answering. “Probably the visible increase in prostitution,” he replies. M y astonishment at this comment was so palpable that he felt obliged to explain. “Haven’t you noticed,” he asked with surprise, “all these young women standing furtively in doorways? You never used to see that when I was here.”I couldn’t resist my laughter. “They’re not prostitutes, they’re smokers.” For indeed they are. More American office buildings no longer allow smoking on the premises, driving those who can’t resist the urge onto the streets. The sight of them, lounging on “coffee breaks” near the entrances to their workplace, puffing away has become ubiquitous. Since most new smokers apparently are women, my friend’s confusion was understandable. And there are more than eversince September II.Stress is probably better measured anecdotally than stati stically. I’m not aware of surveys on this matter, but anyone living in New York these days has stories of friends who, amid the scares of 9-11 and its aftermath, have sought solace in cigarettes. I used to go to a gym near Grand Central Terminal. Some days so many people stood outside, tensely smoking, that I assumed an evacuation had just been ordered. At least three friends who’d given up tobacco have lapsed back into the habit, claiming they couldn’t calm their nerves. Others have increased their previously reduced intakes. Some, in their quest for a crutch, have begun smoking for the first time. In Manhattan the frantic puff has become the preferred alternative to the silent scream.New Yorkers, of course, are coping in more imaginative ways, as well. A friend swears he knows someone who has stashed a canoe in his closet in case he needs to escape Manhattans by river. Another says he has moved a heavy object dart into his office so that he can smash the window if a firebomb makes the elevator or the stairs impassable. A woman working on one of the lower floors of her office building has acquired a rope long enough to lower herself to the ground; one who works at the top of a skyscraper tells me she’s looking into the purchase of a parachute. Still others have stocked up on such items of antiterrorist chic as flame-retardant ponchos, anthrax-antidote antibiotics and heavy-duty gas masks.Crackpot friends of friends, but surely not your own? Hardly. One close acquaintance, concerned about my welfare as an international civil servant, tells me I should not be going to work at the United Nations without ensuring that I have, in my desk drawer, a flashlight, spare batteries, a clean cloth and water to dampen it with, all to facilitate an efficient exit through smoke and darkness. Though touched by her solicitude, I have not yet taken her advice. But I believe her when she tells me that many others have, especially her female friends.Recent polls indicate that American women are, in fact, more stressed out than men. Over 50 percent in one national survey of 1,000 adults admitted to being “very” or “somewhat” worried in the wake of the terrorist assaults, according to the Pew Research Center. The anthrax scare may have receded. But recent incidents, from the airplane crash in the New York borough of Queens to the arrest of the London “shoe-bomber” to rumors of suitcase nukes, seem to have had permanently unsettling effects. Take food. A surprising number of people are apparently unable to touch their plates. (Some happily, discovering that fear is the best diet.) Others are eating too much, seeking reassurance in “comfort food.” Give the alternatives, smoking seems a reasonable refuge; after all, the long-term threat of cancer seems far more remote these days than the prospect of explosive incineration.And let us not forget other obsessive coping behaviors. A surge in compulsive shopping, drink and self medicating has been reported, along with exercising, buying music and movie-going. I haven’t checked the stock prices for Philip Morris recently, but I’m told it’s told it’s doing better than expected. As people deal with their fears, the newspapers tell us the economy is bouncing back. Could ordinary people’s coping mechanisms be helping spur a national recovery that, in the first weeks after September 11, had seemed a distant prospect? Few things could be more American than giving in to your weaknesses—and finding that makes the country stronger.76. The word “ubiquitous” in the sentence “The sight of them, lounging on coffee breaks’ nearthe entrances to their workplace puffing away, has become ubiquitous” (para.2) can best be replaced by _______.A. Noticeable all the timeB. present everywhereC. unique in natureD. unpleasant to all visitors77. In the sent ence “New Yorkers, of course, are coping in more imaginative ways, as well.”, theauthor mainly means _______.A. New Yorkers are full of imagination before terroristsB. New Yorkers are steadily confronting disastersC. New Yorkers are ready to combat all kinds of threatsD. New Yorkers are ingeniously prepared for possible threats78. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. American men are as stressed out as women before terrorist attacks.B. The stock prices for Philip Morris must be on the rise.C. The Coping behaviors under stress are widely varied and different.D. Smoking is considered a useful means to reduce stress.79. In writing the last sentence “Few things could be more American than giving in to yourweaknesses—and find ing that makes the country stronger.”, the author _______.A. reaches the conclusion of the passageB. tells her sincere and real thoughtC. adopts a satirical and paradoxical toneD. criticizes American weaknesses80. Which of the following best expresses the main point of the passage?A. Changing smoking habits over the past decadesB. Fight-flight mechanism in front of terrorismC. Compulsive response to long-term diseasesD. Distracted behaviors under stress from terrorismPassage 5More than just a revolutionary tool for indexing, analyzing, or transmitting content, digital technology is actually reshaping the creation of art and literature. “just as film emerged as the dominant artistic medium of the 20th century, the digital domain — whether it is used for visual art, music, literature or some other expressive genre —will be the primary medium of the 21st,”wrote New York Times columnist Matthew Mirapaul in early 1999. More and more writers, artists, and musicians are using computers and the Internet to enhance, animate, or completely remake their art, with unconventional and remarkable results.Publishing, a print-based business that to some people is beginning to represent the past, is attempting to adapt to the new digital world. Marc Aronson, a senior children’s book editor at the publishing house Henry Holt and a longtime student of the impact of changing technology on publishing, describes this impact as a kind of blurring or hybridization. “The keynote of the digital age is overlap, multiplic ity, synergy. The digital does not replace print, it subsumes it,”Aronson said. “Print becomes a form of the digital, just as the digital has a special place when it happens in print.” Especially in books for young people, he notes, more authors and artis ts are trying books with multiple story lines or told from various points of view.One strain of this new type of nonlinear writing is popularly known as hypertext fiction. At its simplest, hypertext fiction mimics the Choose Your Own Adventure books that became popular in the early 1980s. In these books, readers directed the story by choosing which page to。

2013年考研英语(二)真题、答案及解析[完整版]

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D] ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and theinformation technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so m uch more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been a acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______.[A] the impact of technological advances [B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills [D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______.[A] work on cheap software [B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle [D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______.[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____.[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution [B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization [D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect [B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over [D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic include settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26. “Birds of passage” refers to those who____.[A] immigrate across the Atlantic [B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign temporarily [D]find permanent jobs overseas27. It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US____.[A] needs new immigrant categories [B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adopted to meet challenges [D]has been fixed via political means28. According to the author, today’s b irds of passage want _____.[A] financial incentives [B] a global recognition[C] opportunities to get regular jobs [D]the freedom to stay and leave29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated ____.[A] as faithful partners [B] with economic favors[C] with regal tolerance [D]as mighty rivals30. Which is the most title?[A] come and go: big mistake [B] living and thriving : great risk[C] with or without : great risk [D] legal or illegal: big mistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusiv e to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may ____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions ____.[A] can be associative [B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous [D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should ____.[A] trust our first impression [B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act [D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on _____.[A] critical assessment [B] “thin sliced” study[C] sensible explanation [D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is ______.[A] tolerant [B] uncertain [C] optimistic [D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior managementdecisions, and Europe’s top corpo rate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. W hen women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead [B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed [D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance [B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions [B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family [D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism [B] objectiveness [C] indifference [D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice [B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies [D] greater “soft pressure”Part BRead the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)[A] Live like a peasant [B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends [D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need [F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging-not about eating as cheaply as you can-"there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies. 41. __________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for aweek of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42. __________________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43. __________________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44. __________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they'll let you have for free.45. __________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section ⅢTranslation46. Direction:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week, I’ve been able to do this, since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does-try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day of the week the day of the week day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day-they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47. Direction:Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2) encourage them to participate.Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. Don’t write your address.(10 points) Part B48. Direction:Write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1) interpret the chart and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET (15points)某高校学生兼职情况2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. ADBDC 6-10. BBDBA 11-15. ADCCC 16-20. CABADSection II Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. ADBBC 26-30. CCDCD 31-35. DACDC 36-40. BAADC Part B (10 points) 41-45. FEGCDSection ⅢTranslation (15 points)46. 从过去的53年里随便找出一天，我都能够立刻想起那一天我在哪里，那一天发生了什么新闻，甚至那一天是星期几。

2013年考研英语真题及解析

2013年硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题（完整版）Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMA T, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores an d to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D]lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say onli ne, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D]provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D]internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D]goes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciaction[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned pro visions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essen ce asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s in tervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work co ntributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs.[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part B: (10 points)Section III Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.Section III WritingParty A51 Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B: (20 points)Part B52 Directions:Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should(1) describe the drawing briefly,(2) interpret its intended meaning, and(3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2013年考研英语一真题答案解析1.【答案】A【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。

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洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌
en and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.
48. The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such
49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic
50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.en and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.
48. The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as
such
49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic
50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
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