高级英语下册张汉熙版词汇及修辞3
高级英语(张汉熙)第二册词汇短语
高级英语第二册词汇短语Lesson One Face to Face with Hurricane Camile词汇:✓hurricane (n.): a violent tropical cyclone with winds moving at 73 or more miles per hour,often accompanied by torrential rains,and originating usually in the West Indian region飓风✓lash (v.): move quickly or violently猛烈冲击;拍打✓pummel (n.): beat or hit with repeated blows,esp．with the fist(尤指用拳头)连续地打✓course (n.): a way of behaving;mode 0f conduct行为;品行;做法✓demolish (v.): pull down．tear down,or smash to pieces (a building,etc．),destroy:ruin拉倒;打碎;拆毁;破坏;毁灭✓motel (n.):a hotel intended primarily for those traveling by car, usually with direct access from each room to an area for cars汽车游客旅馆✓gruff (adj.): rough or surly in manner or speech;harsh and throaty;hoarse粗暴的,粗鲁的;粗哑的。
嘶哑的✓batten (n.): fasten with battens用压条钉住(或固定)✓methodically (adv.): orderly,systematically有秩序地;有条理地✓main (n.): a principal pipe, or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc(自来水,煤气,电等的)总管✓bathtub (n.): a tub,now usually a bathroom fixture,in which to take a bath浴盆,浴缸✓generator (n.): a machine for changing mechanical energy into electrical energy;dynamo发电机,发动机✓scud (v.): run or move swiftly;glide or skim along easily疾行,飞驰;掠过✓mattress (n.): a casing of strong cloth or other fabric filled with cotton,hair,foam rubber,etc．床垫;褥子✓pane (n.):a single division of a window,etc.,consisting of a sheet of glass in a frame;such a sheet of glass窗格;窗玻璃✓disintegrate (v.): separate into parts or fragments; break up;disunite分裂,分解,裂成碎块✓blast (n.): a strong rush of(air or wind)一股(气流);一阵(风)✓douse (n.): plunge or thrust suddenly into liquid;drench; pour liquid over把…浸入液体里;使浸透;✓brigade (n.): a group of people organized to function. unit in some work(组织起来执行某种任务的)队✓scramble (v.): climb,crawl,or clamber hurriedly爬行;攀(登)✓litter (n.): the young borne at one time by a dog,cat or other animal which normally bears several young at a delivery(狗、猫等多产动物)一胎生下的小动物✓shudder (n.): shake or tremble suddenly and violently,as in horror or extreme disgust震颤,战栗✓ferocity (n.): wild force or cruelty;ferociousness凶猛;凶恶,残忍;暴行✓swipe (n.):a hard,sweeping blow[口]猛击,重击✓maroon (av.): leave abandoned,isolated,or helpless使处于孤立无援的处境✓devastate (nv.): destroy;lay waste;make desolate毁坏,摧毁;使荒芜✓swath (n.): the space or width covered with one cut of a scythe or other mowing device刈幅(挥动镰刀所及面积)✓huddle (v.): crowd,push,or nestle close together。
张汉熙《高级英语(2)》(第3版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精
四、全文翻译
五、练习答案
二、课文精解
一、词汇短语
三、文体修辞
四、全文翻译
五、练习答案
作者介绍
同名作者介绍
读书笔记
读书笔记
这是《张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】》的读 书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的心得。
精彩摘录
精彩摘录
这是《张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】》的读 书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的精彩内容摘录。
谢谢观看
目录分析
二、课文精解
一、词汇短语
三、文体修辞
四、全文翻译
五、练习答案
二、课文精解
一、词汇短语
三、ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้体修辞
四、全文翻译
五、练习答案
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一、词汇短语
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二、课文精解
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三、文体修辞
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四、全文翻译
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五、练习答案
二、课文精解
一、词汇短语
三、文体修辞
四、全文翻译
五、练习答案
二、课文精解
一、词汇短语
张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第 3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课
文精
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 目录分析 05 读书笔记
目录
02 内容摘要 04 作者介绍 06 精彩摘录
思维导图
本书关键字分析思维导图
难点
短语
学习指南
课次
言简意赅
文体
短语
教材
学生
全文
词汇
翻译
答案
二课文
内容摘要
内容摘要
《高级英语（2）（第3版）学习指南》按照原教材的课次进行编写，每单元涉及词汇短语、课文精解、文体 修辞、全文翻译以及练习答案等内容，旨在帮助学生更好、更高效地学习和掌握教材中的重点及难点知识，具有 很强的针对性和实用性。在编写过程中，该书力求突出重点，答疑难点，语言言简意赅，讲解深入浅出，希望它 能得到广大英语专业学生和英语自学者的喜爱和认可。
高级英语第二册课后答案
张汉熙版《高级英语》第二册 lesson 1 课后练习答案习题全解I.Las Vegas. Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegas's economy, Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California. In 1.855-1857 the Mormons maintained a fort there, and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U. S. army. In 1867, Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada. (from The New Columbia Encyclopedia )Ⅱ.以下内容需要回复才能看到1. He didn' t think his family was in any real danger, His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a fewfeet above sea level. His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea. He thought they would be safe here as in any place else. Besides, he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend, Charles Hill, before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane.2. Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak. It designed and developed educational toys and supplies.3. Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty waterwas sea water. It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.4. At this Critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought they might die at any moment, she told her husband the dearest and the most precious thing she could think of. This would help to encourage each other and enable them to face death with greater serenity.5.John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made the final decision to stay and face the hurricane. Now it seemed they might all die in the hurricane.6.Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone.7.Janis knew that John was trying his best to comfort and encourage her for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm.Ⅲ.1.This piece of narration is organized as follows. .introduction, development, climax, and conclusion. The first 6 paragraphs areintroductory paragraphs, giving the time, place, and background of the conflict-man versus hurricanes. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story.2. The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story.3. John Koshak, Jr. , is the protagonist in the story.4. Man and hurricanes make up the conflict.5. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.6. The writer gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing a series of actions in the order of their occurrence.7. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27.8. I would have ended the story at the end of Paragraph 27,because the hurricane passed, the main characters survived, and the story could come to a natural end.9. Yes, it is. Because the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important.Ⅳ.1. We' re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. ()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Ⅴ.See the translation of the text.Ⅵ.1. main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.2.sit out: stay until the end ofe by;(American English) pay a visit4.blow in:burst open by the storm.5.douse:put out(a light,fire,generator。
张汉熙高级英语里的修辞使用
1.Transferred epithet2. Repetition3. Euphemism4. Antithesis5. Alliteration6. Personification7. Metaphor 8. Irony 9. Metonymy 10. Simile。
Lesson 2Metonymy●...little old Japan adrift amid beige concreteskyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt●I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact.Euphemism:●Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthlycares.Alliteration: the repetition of an initial sound that is usu.a consonant in two or more neighbouring words.●slip to a stop●tested and treatedRhetorical Question: a question that needs no answer, but used for emphasis●Was I not at the scene of the crime?Anti-Climax: the sudden appearance of an absurd or trivial idea following a serious significant ideas and suspensions.This device is usu. aimed at creating comic or humorous effects.●a town known throughout the world for its---oystersIrony: a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humour or sarcasm.●Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan●Each day of suffering that helps to free my from earthlycares●congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illnesshas brought meLesson 3Metaphor:●...the nerves of both ... were excessivelyfrayed…●his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.●The words spat forth with sudden savagery.●I’ll spell it out....●the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed…●his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.●The words spat forth with sudden savagery.●I’ll spell it out.●Her tone ...withered...●...self-assurance...flickered...●The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racingmind.●Her voice was a whiplash.●eyes bored into him●they'll throw the book,...Euphemism:●...and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:●won 100 at the tables●lost it at the bar●they'll throw the book,...Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongueLesson 4Ironym arching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryOxymoron: formed by conjoining of two contrasting terms.M alone called my conviction a "victorious defeat".b itter sweet memoriesp roud humilityo rderly chaosa damned saintPun:D arwin is right --- inside.Assonance:w hen bigots lighted faggots to burn...Repetition:T he truth always wins...the truth...the truth...Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldTransferred epithetD arrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm roundmy shoulder.AntithesisT he Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come frombelow.Metaphor:my case would snowball into...o ur town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.T he street ...sprouted with ...… had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…Unit 6Alliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained slothsstayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy:...his pen would prove mightier than hispickaxepen associated with writing talent, pickaxassociated with mining,SynecdocheKeelboats,...carried the first major commerceAntithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are......took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverEuphemism:...men's final release from earthly strugglediligently avoiding contact with the enemyPersonification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever... the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.wealth described as a ladySimile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of... ...a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summerof freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.Parallelism:Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.Metaphor:Mark Twain -- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...Steamboat decks teemed...main current of pioneering spirit...but its flotsam of hustlers, thugs When railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Lesson 12Metonymy… silencing thousands of songs …Lesson 14Parallelism:●The past, with its crimes,●its follies,●and its tragedies...●I see,...I see...●the return of the bread-winner,●of their champion,●of their protector●We shall fight him by land,●we shall fight him by sea,●we shall fight him in the air●Any man or state...●Any man or state...●Let us...●Let us...Noun phrases:●I had not the slightest doubt where ...●With great rapidity and violencePeriodic sentences:●When I awoke on...invasion of Russia.●If Hitler imagines that... woefully mistaken.Repetition:●We have but one aim and one single purpose●nothing will turn us---nothing●We will never parley, we will never negotiate...●This is our policy and this is our declaration●as we shall faithfully and steadfastlyAssonance: the use of the same or related, vowel sounds in successive words●clanking, heel-clicking,…●cowing and tying ...plodding on like crawlinglocusts, ...smarting from many a British whipping...●easier and safer preyAlliteration:●dull, drilled, docile...●for his hearth and home●with its clanking, heel-clicking...Metaphor:The essential form of a metaphor is X is Y, and all forms of metaphor can be condensed into this form.●Snow clothes the ground.●Snow (X---tenor) is clothe (Y---vehicle).●Boys and girls, tumbling in the streets and playing, weremoving jewels.●Boy (X---tenor) is jewel (Y---vehicle) .●The ship ploughed the sea.●Ship (X --- tenor) is plough (Y ---vehicle)●cataract of horrors●rid the earth of his shadow...liberate people from hisyoke●The scene will be clear for the final act.●They will be rounded up in hordes.●I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold...●Means of existence is wrung from the soil...Simile●The bus (tenor) went as slowly similarity as a snail(vehicle).●The water lay grey and wrinkled like an elephant's skin.● Her eyes were jet black, and her hair was like awaterfall.。
高级英语第二册修辞（张汉熙版）
高级英语第二册修辞高英下册部分课中的修辞手法的运用 未注明的句子修辞均为metaphor …no one has any idea where it will go a s it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. The The fact fact fact that that that their their their marriages marriages marriages may may may be be be on on on the the rocks, rocks, or or or that that that their their their love love love affairs affairs have have been been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side … They They are are are like like like the the the musketeers musketeers musketeers of of of Dumas Dumas Dumas……(simile) …did not delve into each other.. …suddenly suddenly the alchemy of the alchemy of conversation took place,place,……The glow of the conversation burst into flames. The conversation was on wings. ,we should think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasants. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. T he Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, clock, and and and floated floated floated to to to the the the ends ends ends of of of the the the earth. earth. (simile) Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. e W e would would would never never never have have have gone gone gone to to to Australia, Australia, Australia, or or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. Symbolizing Symbolizing an an an end end end as as as well well well as as as a a a beginning, beginning, signifying renewal as well as change(parallelism and repetition) ..to ..to assist assist assist free free free men men men and and and free free free government government government……（repetition ）.friend and foe (alliteration) Pay any price, bear any burden.. (alliteration) Survival and success of liberty. (alliteration) United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do for we dare not a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.(antithesis) If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich(antithesis) Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead instead of of of belaboring belaboring belaboring those those those problems problems problems which which divide us. (antithesis) Let Let us us us never never never negotiate negotiate negotiate out out out of of of fear fear fear but but but let let let us us never fear to negotiate.(chiasmus) Ask not what your country can do for you but ask what you can do for your country. (chiasmus) ..in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. But But this this this peaceful peaceful peaceful revolution revolution revolution of of of hope hope hope cannot cannot become the prey of hostile powers. And And let let let every every every other other other power power power know know know that that that this this hemisphere intend to remain the master of its own house. ..to ..to strengthen strengthen strengthen its its its shield shield shield of of of the the the new new new and and and the the weak. And And if if if a beachhead of a beachhead of cooperation cooperation may may may push push back the jungle of suspicion The The energy, energy, energy, the the the faith, faith, faith, the the the devotion devotion devotion which which which we we bring bring to to to this this this endeavor endeavor endeavor will will will light light light our our our country country and and all all all who who who serve serve serve it, it, it, and and and the the the glow glow glow from from from that that fire can truly light the world. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb ’s frontier. Could Ruskin do more?(rhetorical question) Cool was I and logical (Inversion/irony) My My brain brain brain was was was as as as powerful powerful powerful as as as a a a dynamo, dynamo, dynamo, as as precise as a chemist ’s scales, as penetrating as a a scalpel scalpel scalpel (simile, (simile, (simile, hyperbole, hyperbole, hyperbole, and and and parallelism, parallelism, irony) My brain ,…slipped into high gear It It is, is, is, after after after all, all, all, to to to make make make a a a beautiful beautiful beautiful dumb dumb dumb girl girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.(antithesis) ,.. desire waxing, resolution waning.(antithesis) If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. It It is is is not not not often often often that that that one one one so so so young young young has has has such such such a a giant intellect (hyperbole) He just stood and stared at with a mad lust at the coat. (hyperbole) You are the whole world to me, and the moon and and the the the stars stars stars and and and the the the constellations constellations constellations of of of outer outer space. (hyperbole) ..the raccoon coat huddled like a hairy beast at his feet. (simile) ..logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, discipline, is is a a living, living, living, breathing breathing thing, thing, full full full of of beauty, passion, and trauma. There There is is is a a a limit limit limit to to to what what what flesh flesh flesh and and and blood blood blood can can bear.(synecdoche) He He has has has hamstrung hamstrung his his opponent opponent opponent before before before he he could even start. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein.(Antonomasia) …prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality. The war acted as merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure. After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry (metonymy, antonomasia) .. .. to to to add add add their their their own own own little little little matchsticks matchsticks matchsticks to to to the the conflagration of “flaming youth ”, …now now began began began to to to imitate imitate imitate the the the manners manners manners imitate imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. When When it it it did, did, did, I I I like like like many many many a a a writer writer writer before before before me me upon upon the the the discovery discovery discovery that that that his his his props props props have have have all all been knocked out from under him …a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle. It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy ” that he realizes how crippling this habit has been An American writer writer fights fights fights his his his way way way to to to one one one of of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder by means of pure ….. and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel tunnel and and and found found found himself himself himself beneath beneath beneath the the the open open sky(simile) He needs sustenance for his journey 。
完整word版,张汉熙高级英语第三版paraphrase
张汉熙高级英语第三版paraphraseUnit11、We’re elevated 23.Our house is 23 feet above sea level.2、The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.we can batten down and ride it out.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4、The generator was doused, and the lights went out.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity so the lights also went out.5、Everybody out the back door to the cars!Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars6、The electricity systems had been killed by water.The electricity systems in the car had been put out by water .7、John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8、Get us through this mess, will you?Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.Unit2Serious-looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them... They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall.At last the taxi trip come to an end, and I suddenly discovered that I was in front of the giganticCity Hall.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development...experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in m y socks. 一想到这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长我就感到十分困窘不安。
张汉熙《高级英语(2)》(第3版)学习指南(Loving and Hating New York)【
Lesson 6 Loving and Hating New York一、词汇短语1. bush [] adj. belonging to small towns; rustic粗俗的，乡土气的，乡下的2. beget [] vt. to cause to exist or occur; produce产生，引起，招致：Healthand cheerfulness mutually beget each other.健康与欢乐相辅相成。
3. holdout [] n. a place that holds out坚固据点4. deficiency [] n. a lack of something that is necessary缺乏，不足：a deficiency of protein蛋白质不足5. pacesetter [] n. a person or company that is considered to be aleader in a particular area of activity标兵6. sitcom [] n. a situation comedy情景喜剧7. clone [] v. a）to reproduce or propagate asexually无性生殖；b）to makemultiple identical copies of （a DNA sequence）复制，克隆8. preempt [] v. to take the place of; displace占据……的位置，取代：A special news program preempted the scheduled shows.特别的新节目取代预定计划的表演。
9. casino [] n. a public room or building for gambling and otherentertainment娱乐场，赌场10. nightspot [] n. nightclub夜总会11. superdome []n. a large dome-shaped structure, especially a sports stadium超级穹顶12. bilk [] vt. to defraud, cheat, or swindle蒙骗，欺骗：He made millions bybilking wealthy clients on art sales.他在艺术品销售中骗取富有顾客的大量钱财。
张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（修订本...
张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（修订本...Unit6一、词汇短语1.skyline[]n.a window in a roof or ceiling天窗2.thermodynamics[]n.physics that deals withthe relationships between heat and other forms of energy热力学3.genetics[]n.the study of how the qualities of living things are passed on in their genes遗传学4.mutation[]n.an alteration or change,as in nature,form,or quality（本质、形式上的）变化：genetic mutation基因突变5.discredit[]vt.a）to refuse to believe不相信，怀疑：discreditall rumors不相信所有谣传；b）to damage in reputation;disgrace败坏……声誉，使受辱：an attempt to discredit the government给政府抹黑的可笑企图6.corollary[]n.a deduction or an inference推理，推论：Anotherevident corollary is that the end is the final cause of the effect and not ofthe efficient cause.另外一个明显的推论即：目的是结果的终极因，但不是直接原因。
7.homogeneous[]adj.of the same or similarnature or kind同种的，同类的：They are homogeneous people.他们是同类人。
张汉熙《高级英语》第二册课后释义
1.We’re elevated 23 feet. =our house has been raised by 23 feet in comparison with the past.2.The place (house) has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered (caused any damage to it)3.We can batten down and ride it out. =we can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane withoutmuch damage.4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out. =water got into the generator and put it out. It stoppedproducing electricity, so the light also went out.5.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. =as john watched the water inch its way up thesteps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.6.Janis had just one delayed reaction.=Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervoustension caused by the hurricane.1.and it is an activity only of humans =and conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings2.conversation is not for making a point = conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas3.in fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose = in fact, a person who really enjoys and isskilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his viewpoint4.bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’ lives = people who meet each others for a drink in a bar are notintimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each others’ life5.it could still go ignorantly on = the conversation could go without anybody knowing who was right or wrong6.there are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef =these animals are called cattle when they are alive andfeeding in the fields; but when we sit down at table to eat we called their meat beef7.the new ruling class had built a cultural barrier him by building their French against his own lg. = the newruling class by using French instead of eg made it difficult for the eg to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers8.eg had come royally into its own =the eg lg received proper recognition and was used by the king once more9.the phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes = the phrase, theking’s eg, has always disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes. The working people very often made fun of the proper and formal lg of the educational people10.the rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there =there still exists in the working people, as in the earlySaxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class11.there is always a great danger that” words will harden into things for us”= there is always a great danger thatwe might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent12.even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s eg slips and slides in conversation = even themost educated and liberated people use non-standard, informal, rather than standard, formal eg in their conversation 13.And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe. =buttoday this issue has not been decided in many countries around the world.14.United, there is little we cannot do in host of cooperative ventures. =bound together we can accomplish a lot ofthings in the variety of joint ventures.15.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. =we will not allow any enemycountry to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.16.Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace.=theUS is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.17.Before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidentalself-destruction. = before the terrible forces of destruction which science can now release, overwhelm mankind;before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place.18.Yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war. =yet bothgroups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from an launching mankind’s final war.19.So let us begin anew (once begin), remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness. = andremember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.20.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to leadthe land we love. = our sure reward will be a good conscience and the history finally will judge whether we have done our task well or not. Let us start leading the country we love.21.By the very of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom. = because of the fact itself that man produces,he has developed to a much higher level than or the other animals22.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being. =work also frees man andmakes him into a social being independent of nature23.All are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill. =no matter when it wasdone or who did it, provides an example of man applying his intelligence and his skill to change nature creatively 24.There is no spilt of work and play, or work and culture. =the worker finds pleasure in his work and through workhe also develops his mind. Therefore, pleasure and work go together and so does the cultural development of the worker and his work.25.Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerwordly asceticism,” an answer to man’s sense of alonenessand isolation.=work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life.Work was the only thing that soothed those who felt alone and isolated because of his ascetic life.26.Work has become alienated from the working person. =work has been separated from the worker and the workeris not interested in it at all. Instead, he feels estranged from it or hostile to it.27.Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity. =work helps the worker to earnmoney; except this it is not an activity with much significance28. a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on = just earning some money is not enough for a worker toestablish his self-respect29.most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche= mostindustrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the workers’ mind30.it is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management=better relations with the public will yield largeprofits to management31.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity=the fact that gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a mere “high-minded” cover for the real, vulgar appeal to idleness and submissiveness.32.He has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it=the businessman gets theknowledge that the quality of his product doesn’t match what it should be. Conscious of the deception involved, he despises the goods he produces33.the slighted mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged.=at very mention of theTwenties, middle-aged people began to recall it longingly and young people curious and began to ask questions about it34.the rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable= anyway, it was inevitable for America to discardVictorian gentility which upheld the middle-class respectability and affected refinement characteristics of Victorian eg35.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure=the war onlyhelped to speed up the collapse of the Victorian social structure.36.it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughtyalcoholic sophistication =in America ,at least, the young people are strongly disposed to escape their responsibilities. They pretend to be wordly-wise and disregard conventional standards of behavior, drinking and breaking the traditional morality naughtily.37.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit=the young peoplefound more pleasure in drinking because Prohibition made it a kind of adventure.38.our young men began to enlist under foreign flags=our young men joined the foreign armies to fight in the war.39.They “wanted to get up into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up= they wanted to take part in theadventure of war before it ended.40.they had outgrown towns and families=they couldn’t adapt themselves to life in their hometowns and familiesanymore41.The returning veteran also had to face the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition=the returning veterans alsohad to face the stupid cynicism shown by the Victorious allies in Versailles who acted just like Napoleon once did.42.sth in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”=under this pressure sth in the young people, who werealready very tense, had to break down.43.it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and“Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center=it was only natural the promising young writers whose thoughts extremely opposed war, Babbittry and “Puritanical” gentility, should come in great numbers to live in the Greenwich Village, the traditional culture44.each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality=each town was proud that it has groupof wild unconventional people45.it is a complex fate to be an American=the fate of American is complicated and full of changes and possibilities46.They were no more at home in Europe than I was=all of us felt uneasy in Europe.47.we were both searching for our separate identities= Each of us was trying to find his own set of personalcharacteristics by which his recognizable as a member of some group48.I do not think that I could have made this reconciliation here=I don’t think I could have accepted my status ofbeing a Negro willingly in America49.Europe can be very crippling too=sometimes things in Europe can also be very frustrating50.it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here=it is easier to contact with people ofdifferent social status and occupations in Europe than in American51. a man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened= inEurope a good waiter and actor is equally proud of their social status and jobs. Neither of them envies the other and is not afraid of losing their position52.I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it=I was born in NY, but have lived only in some smallareas of it53.on this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends=the life of a writer wholly depends upon whether or nothe accepts he will always carry the marks of the origins54.American writers do no have a fixed society to describe=American writers do not live in the society wherenothing is changed .instead, everything is unchangeable in their society so they do not have a fixed society to write about55.every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of thepeople= actually, every society is ruled and influence by hidden laws, and by many people deeply felt and taken for granted by its people, though not openly expressed56.this reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable= the reconsideration of many things that onehad always taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable57.nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste=nowadays NY is often in disagreement with taste of theAmerican people58.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends=NY even indulged itself infeeling of satisfaction for it can resist the prevailing trends of America59.sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, pre-empt the airwaves fromCalifornia =situation comedy which are similar in content and style are produced in large amounts in Hollywood and the live broadcasting of JC’s talk show dominated the radio and the TV channels of California60.it is making sth of a comeback as a tourist attraction= it is regaining somewhat its status as a tourist attraction61.to win in New York is to be uneasy= to a person who succeeds in NY is disturbed by constant worries that hemight fail someday in the fierce competition62.nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New York =the chances to enjoy the pleasures of nature are very limitedin NY63.the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens= the city’s bright lights seem haughtily to make the skydim64.but the purity of a bohemian dedication can be exaggerated=but a wholehearted dedication to art, which isbohemian style can be overstated65.in both these roles it ratifies more than it creates=in these two roles of banking and communications headquarters,NY originates very few things but gives its approval a lot to many things created by other cities66.the television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype=the generation who grew up watching andenjoying TV was constantly and strongly influenced by exaggerated ads67.those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines=writers who are creatingchallenging novels make their living in the same time by writing articles for popular magazines68.Broadway, which seemed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.=Broadway,which seemed to give in to the flashy shows put on in the surrounding areas, become active again69.he prefers the unhealthy hassle and the vitality of urban life=he likes the unhealthy turmoil and livelyatmosphere of a city more70.the defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town=the people who failed in thestruggle of life are not hidden away in slums where other people can not see them71.The place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarates.= NY constantly irritates the people living here butoccasionally it stimulates them。
张汉熙高级英语的第二册的第3课课件theking'senglish
Summary Justice Shalls enter, discussing
Shallow's anger at Sir John Falstaff. Evans changes the topic to the young Anne Page, whom he would like to see Slender marry. They arrive at Master Page's door, where Shallow confronts Falstaff and his entourage. The men enter to dine, but Slender drifts around outside, trying unsuccessfully to converse with Anne Page until he goes inside. //Falstaff and his entourage settle in at the Garter Inn, whereFalstaff reveals his plan to seduce Mistress Page and Mistress Ford, both of whom have control over their husband's money, which he desires. He sends Pistol and Nim to deliver letters to the women, but they refuse. Instead they plot to stymie Falstaff's plans by telling Page and Ford of his intentions.
张汉熙《高级英语(2)》(第3版)学习指南(The Ones Who Walk Away from
Lesson 7 The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas （Excerpts）一、词汇短语1. rigging [] n. gear consisting of ropes etc. supporting a ship’s mastsand sails索具2. procession [] n. a line of people or vehicles moving slowly aspart of a celebration队伍，行列3. decorous [] adj. characterized by or exhibiting decorum; proper有礼貌的，有教养的：He gave his wife a decorous kiss.他给了他太太得体的一吻。
4. mauve [] n. a moderate grayish violet to moderate reddish purple紫红色5. shimmering [] n. a flickering or tremulous light; a glimmer微光：theshimmering surface of the lake微微发光的湖面6. tambourine []n. an instrument consisting of a smalldrumhead with jingling disks that are fitted into the rim. It is shakenwith one hand and struck with the other小手鼓7. dodge [] v. a）to avoid （a blow, for example）by moving or shiftingquickly aside闪躲，躲避：dodge into an alley躲进胡同；b）to evade （anobligation, for example）by cunning, trickery, or deceit躲避：He keptdodging the reporter’s questions.他一直在躲避记者的提问。
张汉熙高级英语里的修辞使用
1.Transferred epithet2. Repetition3. Euphemism4. Antithesis5. Alliteration6. Personification7. Metaphor 8. Irony 9. Metonymy 10. Simile。
Lesson 2Metonymy●...little old Japan adrift amid beige concreteskyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt●I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact.Euphemism:●Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthlycares.Alliteration: the repetition of an initial sound that is usu.a consonant in two or more neighbouring words.●slip to a stop●tested and treatedRhetorical Question: a question that needs no answer, but used for emphasis●Was I not at the scene of the crime?Anti-Climax: the sudden appearance of an absurd or trivial idea following a serious significant ideas and suspensions.This device is usu. aimed at creating comic or humorous effects.●a town known throughout the world for its---oystersIrony: a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humour or sarcasm.●Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan●Each day of suffering that helps to free my from earthlycares●congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illnesshas brought meLesson 3Metaphor:●...the nerves of both ... were excessivelyfrayed…●his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.●The words spat forth with sudden savagery.●I’ll spell it out....●the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed…●his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.●The words spat forth with sudden savagery.●I’ll spell it out.●Her tone ...withered...●...self-assurance...flickered...●The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racingmind.●Her voice was a whiplash.●eyes bored into him●they'll throw the book,...Euphemism:●...and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:●won 100 at the tables●lost it at the bar●they'll throw the book,...Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongueLesson 4Ironym arching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryOxymoron: formed by conjoining of two contrasting terms.M alone called my conviction a "victorious defeat".b itter sweet memoriesp roud humilityo rderly chaosa damned saintPun:D arwin is right --- inside.Assonance:w hen bigots lighted faggots to burn...Repetition:T he truth always wins...the truth...the truth...Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldTransferred epithetD arrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm roundmy shoulder.AntithesisT he Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come frombelow.Metaphor:my case would snowball into...o ur town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.T he street ...sprouted with ...… had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…Unit 6Alliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained slothsstayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy:...his pen would prove mightier than hispickaxepen associated with writing talent, pickaxassociated with mining,SynecdocheKeelboats,...carried the first major commerceAntithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are......took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverEuphemism:...men's final release from earthly strugglediligently avoiding contact with the enemyPersonification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever... the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.wealth described as a ladySimile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of... ...a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summerof freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.Parallelism:Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.Metaphor:Mark Twain -- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...Steamboat decks teemed...main current of pioneering spirit...but its flotsam of hustlers, thugs When railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Lesson 12Metonymy… silencing thousands of songs …Lesson 14Parallelism:●The past, with its crimes,●its follies,●and its tragedies...●I see,...I see...●the return of the bread-winner,●of their champion,●of their protector●We shall fight him by land,●we shall fight him by sea,●we shall fight him in the air●Any man or state...●Any man or state...●Let us...●Let us...Noun phrases:●I had not the slightest doubt where ...●With great rapidity and violencePeriodic sentences:●When I awoke on...invasion of Russia.●If Hitler imagines that... woefully mistaken.Repetition:●We have but one aim and one single purpose●nothing will turn us---nothing●We will never parley, we will never negotiate...●This is our policy and this is our declaration●as we shall faithfully and steadfastlyAssonance: the use of the same or related, vowel sounds in successive words●clanking, heel-clicking,…●cowing and tying ...plodding on like crawlinglocusts, ...smarting from many a British whipping...●easier and safer preyAlliteration:●dull, drilled, docile...●for his hearth and home●with its clanking, heel-clicking...Metaphor:The essential form of a metaphor is X is Y, and all forms of metaphor can be condensed into this form.●Snow clothes the ground.●Snow (X---tenor) is clothe (Y---vehicle).●Boys and girls, tumbling in the streets and playing, weremoving jewels.●Boy (X---tenor) is jewel (Y---vehicle) .●The ship ploughed the sea.●Ship (X --- tenor) is plough (Y ---vehicle)●cataract of horrors●rid the earth of his shadow...liberate people from hisyoke●The scene will be clear for the final act.●They will be rounded up in hordes.●I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold...●Means of existence is wrung from the soil...Simile●The bus (tenor) went as slowly similarity as a snail(vehicle).●The water lay grey and wrinkled like an elephant's skin.● Her eyes were jet black, and her hair was like awaterfall.。
张汉熙高级英语第三版paraphrase
张汉熙高级英语第三版paraphraseUnit11、We’re elevated 23.Our house is 23 feet above sea level.2、The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.we can batten down and ride it out.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4、The generator was doused, and the lights went out.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity so the lights also went out.5、Everybody out the back door to the cars!Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars6、The electricity systems had been killed by water.The electricity systems in the car had been put out by water .7、John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8、Get us through this mess, will youOh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.Unit2Serious-looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them...They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall.At last the taxi trip come to an end, and I suddenly discovered that I was in front of the gigantic City Hall.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development...experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in m y socks. 一想到这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长我就感到十分困窘不安。
高级英语第二册修辞(张汉熙版)
高级英语第二册修辞高英下册部分中的修辞手法的运用未注明的句子修辞均 metaphor⋯no one has any idea where it will go a s it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side ⋯They are like the musketeers of Dumas⋯(simile)⋯did not delve into each other..⋯suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,⋯The glow of the conversation burst into flames. The conversation was on wings.,we should think ourselves back into theshoes of the Saxon peasants.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and floated to the ends of the earth. (simile)Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there.We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.Symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change(parallelism and repetition)..to assist free men and free government ⋯（repetition ）.friend and foe (alliteration)Pay any price, bear any burden.. (alliteration)Survival and success of liberty. (alliteration)United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do for we dare not a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.(antithesis)If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who arerich(antithesis)Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. (antithesis)Let us never negotiate out of fear but let us never fear to negotiate.(chiasmus)Ask not what your country can do for you but ask what you can do for your country. (chiasmus)..in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intend to remain the master of its own house...to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicionThe energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier.Could Ruskin do more?(rhetorical question) Cool was I and logical (Inversion/irony)My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel (simile, hyperbole, and parallelism, irony)My brain , ⋯ slipped into high gearIt is, after all, to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.(antithesis),..desire waxing,resolution waning.(antithesis)If there is an irresistible force, there can beno immovable object.根源于网络It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect (hyperbole)He just stood and stared at with a mad lustat the coat. (hyperbole)You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. (hyperbole)..the raccoon coat huddled like a hairy beastat his feet. (simile)..logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.(synecdoche)He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.I was not Pygmalion; I wasFrankenstein.(Antonomasia)⋯prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality.The war acted as merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry (metonymy, antonomasia).. to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth ”,⋯now began to imitate the manners imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him⋯ a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is justa “regular guy ”that he realizes how crippling this habit has beenAn American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder by means of pure ⋯.. and it is not easy for him to step out ofthat lukewarm bathIt is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky(simile)He needs sustenance for his journey根源于网络。
张汉熙高级英语第三版paraphrase
张汉熙高级英语第三版paraphrase张汉熙高级英语第三版paraphraseUnit11、We’re elevated 23.Our house is 23 feet above sea level.2、The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.we can batten down and ride it out.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4、The generator was doused, and the lights went out.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity so the lights also went out.5、Everybody out the back door to the cars!Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars6、The electricity systems had been killed by water.The electricity systems in the car had been put out by water .7、John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8、Get us through this mess, will you?Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.Unit2Serious-looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them... They were so absorbed intheir conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall.At last the taxi trip come to an end, and I suddenly discovered that I was in front of the gigantic City Hall.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development...experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in m y socks. 一想到这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长我就感到十分困窘不安。
(完整)张汉熙高级英语第三版paraphrase.doc
张汉熙高级英语第三版paraphraseUnit11、 We’ re elevated 23.Our house is 23 feet above sea level.2、 The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.we can batten down and ride it out.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4、 The generator was doused, and the lights went out.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity so the lights alsowent out.5、 Everybody out the back door to the cars!Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars6、 The electricity systems had been killed by water.The electricity systems in the car had been put out by water .7、 John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8、 Get us through this mess, will you?Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.Unit2Serious-looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them... They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall.At last the taxi trip come to an end, and I suddenly discovered that I was in front of thegigantic City Hall.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is thevery symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development...experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in m y socks. 一想到这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长我就感到十分困窘不安。
张汉熙高级英语第二册修辞
Lesson11 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees,and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor ,simileLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sitscross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present ,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,adnthen more infantry,four or five thousand men inall,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in theopposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—simileLesson31The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into,each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts andfeelings.—simile3It was on such an occasion te other evening,as the conversation moved desultorily here and there,from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter,without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,and all at once ther was a focus.—metaphor4The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson41Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined bya hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit theslow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and towhich we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,suppor any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithsis 4…in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion,climax7And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, windingLesson51Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’sChildren.—metaphor2Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,andtrauma.—metaphor,hyperbole3Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolution waning.—antithesis4What’s Polly to me,or me to Polly?—parody5This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,and at first I was tempted to give her back toPetey.==understatement6Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers still smoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor,extended metaphorLesson61As in architecture,so in automaking.—elliptical sentenceLesson71Here was the very heart of industrial America,the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity,the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressingjoke.—metaphor,hyperbole,antithetical contrast2Here was wealth beyond computation,almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alleycats.—hyperbole,antithetical contrast3The country itself is not uncomely,despite the grime of the endlessmills.—litotes,understatement4Obviously,if ther were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region,they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a highpitched roof,to throw off the heavy winter snows,but still essentially a low and clinging building,wider than it wastall.—sarcasm5And one and all they are streaked in grime,with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor6When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule ,irony,metaphor7I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony8Safe in a Pullman,Ihave whirled through the gloomy,God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas,and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia9It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius,uncompromisingly inimical to man,had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole ,irony10They like it as it is:beside it,the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony11It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphorLesson81One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallismLesson91In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old mossgrown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and publicbuildings,processions.—periodic sentence2The air of morning was so clear that the snow stil crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging ofthe bells.—periodic sentence4Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of theirchildren,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionableexperimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium inwhich they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after theshooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenthcentury society.—metaphor5The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artisticcenter(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all toart,love,and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood andChateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and playwith the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4 A further necessay demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and largerand larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keensalesmen.—metaphor5It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass,which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness,ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6Against this,at least superficially,Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible innerworld,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then whilethings are important,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn atministerial jobs while the other et pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor10Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121When it did,I like many a writer befor me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to themountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2Tere,in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in theextraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hatedAmerica.—metaphor4It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persisten—as rain,snow,taxes orbusinessmen.—simile6In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the ablition of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use myimagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis 2Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with theirshoe.—metonymyLesson141 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist forknowledge.—paregmenon-------------精选文档-----------------2The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor可编辑。
高级英语2第三版张汉熙修辞汇总
1.Unit 61. Antonomasia(换称)Those ad campaigns celebrating the Big Apple...2. Alliteration(头韵)while sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airways from California.3. Metonymy(转喻)1)Tin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood.2)New York was never Mecca to me.3) Wall Street will advance the millions to make a Hollywood movie only if convinced that bestselling title or a star name will ensure its success.4. Parallelism(排比)1)New York is about energy, contention, and striving.it is also about mockery, the put-down the losers shrug.. It is about constant battles for subway seats, for a cabdrivers or a clerk's or a waiters attention, for a foothold, a chance,a better address, a larger billing.2).. art itself isles sharply defined, and those whose paintings don't sell do illustrations those who cant- acting jobs do commercials; those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines.5. Antithesis(对照)To win in New York is to be uneasy to lose iy to live in jostling proximity to the frustrat majority.6.Personification(拟人)1)Nature constantly yields to/man in New York: witness those fragile sidewalk trees gamely struggling against encroaching cement and petrol fumes.2)Characteristically, the city wallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously regarding it as an unworkable.mixture of the idealistic, the impractical, and the hypocritical.7. A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge. —paregmenon8.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet9.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world. —synecdoche, metaphor10.The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town.(Euphemism)2.Unit 31.Metaphor（暗喻）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.2) .. those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.3) But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.4)And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.5)..we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective to strengthen its shield f the new and the weak.6)And if A beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion.7)The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world2.Antithesis（对照）A)United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative venture Divided, there is little we can do.2)If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.And So, my fellow Americans; ask not what your country can do for you;ask you can dofor your country.3.Parallelism（排比）1)..that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by hard and biter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, andunwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed.2)Together let us explore the stars, conquer the-deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3) .. a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.4.Repetition（重复）1).. symbolizing an end As well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.2)For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.3)Let us never negotiate gut of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate:4).. and bring the absolute)power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.5.Alliteration（头韵）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike...2)... whether it wishes us well or ill. that we shall pay any price bear any burden...,3)... both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...4)...ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.6.Rhyme（尾韵）...whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden ..7.Synecdoche（提喻）...both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...8.Climax（渐升）All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.3.Unit 41.Metaphor（暗喻）1)Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays unfettered the informal essay with his memorable "Old China"and "Dream's Children".2)There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb's frontier.3)Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.4)In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open.5) First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif t a bakery window.6)Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater pf her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.7)The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it.8)He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.9)The rat!2.Simile（明喻）I)My brain was as powerful a dynamo. as precise as a chemist's scales, as penetrating as a scalper.2)Petey lay snoring in his bed, the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet.3)It was like digging a tunnel.4)I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull.3.Hyperbole（夸张）1)My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales, as penetrating as a scalpel.2)It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect3)You are the whole world to me and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.4)I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.4.Metonymy（转喻）1).. but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.2)Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.3)You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.5.Antithesis（对照）1)It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.2)Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.3)If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force4) Look at me -a brilliant student. a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey -a knot head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.6.Transferred Epithet（移就）I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left.7.Understatement（低调陈述）This loomed as a project of no small dimensions.8.Synecdoche（提喻）There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.9.Allusion（引喻）1) Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine.2)I was not Pygmalion: I was Frankenstein.4.Unit 21.Simile（明喻）1).. and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.2)Huge areas which were once covered with forest have turned into a treeless waste where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick.3) Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls...2．Hyperbole（夸张）1)A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.2) ..so black that sometimes it is difficult to see whereabouts on their necks the hair begins.3.Transferred Epithet（移就）Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was 4 frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamouring for a cigarette.4.Synecdoche（提喻）1)Still, A- white skin is always fairly conspicuous.2)This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.5.Understatement（低调陈述）I am not commenting, merely pointing a fact.6.Onomatopoeia（拟声）winding up the road with a clumping of boots ad a clatter of iron wheels.7.Rhetorical Question（修辞疑问句）1)Are they really the same flesh as your self ?Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff about as individual as bees or coral insects?2)How much longer can we go on kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?5.Unit 3。
高级英语张汉熙第三版语法总结
高级英语张汉熙第三版语法总结l. And it is an activity only of humans.And convcrsation is an activity formd only among human beings.2. Convcrsarion is not for making a poim.Conversation is not for persuading otlms to acccy our idcas or points of vicws.3. In faa. the best convcrsationatists arc those who arc prepared to lose.In faa . people who arc good at conversation will rW argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.4. Bar friends arc not dteply involved in each orhcr's lives.Pcople who meet cach othcr for a drink in the bar of a pub arc not close friends for thcy arc not deeply absorbcd incach other's private livcs.5. -it could still go ignorantly on ...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6. -fliere arc cattle in the fields .but we sit down to beef-fhese animals arc caIW cattle when they arc alive and feed in the ficlds . but when we sit down at the table to caLwe cajI their meet beef7. 1he new ruling class had built a culturaJ barrier against him bybuilding their French against his ownlanguage.The new ruling class by using Frcnch instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb theculture of the rulers.8. English had come royally into its ownEnglish received proper rccognition and was used by the King once more.9. 1he phrase has always bccn used a little pejorativcty and even facctiously by the low口classes.。
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Lesson 3 Pub T alk and the King' s English词汇(V ocabulary)1.intricate (adj) : hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships错综复杂的；难以理解的，难懂的2.indulge (v.) : give way to one’s own desire尽情享受；从事于3.meander (v.) : wander aimlessly or idly；ramble漫步；闲逛4.conversationalist (n.) : a person who converses；esp．，one who enjoys and is skilled at conversation交谈者；(尤指)健谈者5.anecdote (n.) : a short，entertaining account of some happening，usually personal or biographical轶事，逸事6.intimate (n.) : a close friend or companion密友，知己7.on the rocks[colloq．] : in or into a condition of ruin or catastrophe (婚姻)破坏的；失败的8.musketeer (n.) : (formerly)a soldier armed with a musket火枪手9.delve (v.) : investigate for information；search发掘；调查(研究)10.recess (n.) : a secluded，withdrawn，or inner place幽深处11.desultorily (adv.) : aimlessly；at random随意地；无目的地12.alchemy (n.) : an early form of chemistry，whose chief aims were to change baser metals into gold：a methodor power of transmutation; esp. the seemingly miraculous change of a thing into something better炼金术；变化物质的方法或魔力13.tart (adj.) : sharp in taste；sour；acid辛辣的；尖酸的；刻薄的14.convict (n.) : a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court罪犯15.churl (n.) : a farm laborer；peasant农民；庄稼人，乡下人16.rift (n.) : an open break in a previously friendly relationship分裂；失和17.scamper (v.) : run or go hurriedly or quickly急驰，快跑18.rendering (n.) : a translation翻译19.bilingual (adj.) : of，in or using two languages(用)两种语言的20.intercept (v.) : seize or stop on the way，before arrival at the intended place拦截；截断；截击。
21.abuse (v.) : use wrongly；use insulting，coarse or bad language；scold harshly滥用；辱骂，口出恶言22.coin (v.) : make up；devise；invent(a new word，phrase，etc．)编造；杜撰(新词、新短语等)23.tussle (v.) : fight，struggle，contend，etc．vigorously or vehemently斗争，搏斗；竞争24.dandelion (n.) : any of several plants of the composite family，common lawn weeds with jagged leaves，oftenused as greens，and yellow flowers蒲公英(属)25.pejorative (adj.) : disparaging or derogatory轻蔑的；贬低的26.facetious (adj.) : joking or trying to be jocular，esp．at an imappropriate time滑稽的；诙谐的；(尤指在不适当的时候)开玩笑的27.underling (n.) : a person in a subordinate position；inferior disparaging(通常作蔑词)下属；28.edict (n.) : an official public proclamation or order issued by authority；decree法令；命令；布告29.immune (adj.) : exempt from or protected against something disagreeable or harmful不受影响的；可避免的30.ultimatum (n.) : a final offer or demand，esp．by one of the parties engaged in negotiations，the rejection ofwhich usually leads to a break in relations and unilateral action，the use of force etc．by the party issuing the ultimatum最后通牒31.chimpanzee (n.) anthropoid ape of Africa，with black hair and large，outstanding ears(非洲)黑猩猩短语(Expressions)32.make a point: explain fully what one is proposing充分解释例：All fight，you’ve made your point；now keep quiet and let the others say what they think．好啦，你已经把话说清楚了；那就别说了，让别人谈谈看法。
33.in a flash: suddenly，very quickly转瞬间，立刻例：Just wait here．I’u be back in a flash．就在这儿等我，我马上就回来。
34.on the rocks : (colloq．)in or into a condition of ruin or catastrophe(婚姻)破坏的，失败的例：Tim’s marriage is on the rocks．提姆的婚姻亮起了红灯。
35.get out the bed on the wrong side: to be cross or grouchy早晨起来便心情不好y down : to assert or declare声明，颁布例：The regulations lay down a rigid procedure for checking safety equipment．法令规定了一套严格的安检程序。
37.on wings : in flight；continually moving about像飞一样地，飘飘然例：The birds are on wings in the sky．鸟儿在空中展翅高飞。
38.turn up one’s nose at :to sneer at，scorn嘲笑，轻蔑例：The children turned up their noses at my home cooking．孩子们嘲笑我的厨艺。
39.in the shoes of : in another’s position站在别人的立场上，设身处地例：I’m glad I’m not in his shoes with all those debts to pay off．我庆幸不用像他那样去偿还所有的债务。
e into on e’s own :to receive what properly belongs to one，esp．acclaim or recognition得到自己该得的东西，如荣誉或世人的口碑41.sit up : (colloq．)to。
become suddenly alert；be surprised or startled吃惊，警觉例：I called her a damned hypocrite and that made her sit up．我骂她惺惺作态，她马上警觉起来。
Figure of speech Lesson31The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus.—metaphor4The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphor。