2018-2019广东省广州市越秀区广州市第七中学初一上第一单元单元测试(答案不全)

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广东省广州中学2018-2019学年度(上)初一级期中考试试卷

广州中学2018-2019学年（上）初一级中段质量检测一、选择题（共10题，每小题3分，共30分）1、-2018的相反数是( )答案：C2、在1,-2，0，35四个数中，最大的是（）答案：D3、下列次数是3的单项式的是（） A 、x 3-y 3 B 、x 3y C 、x 2y D 、xy答案：C4、据报道，2015年全国普通高考报考人数约 9420000人，数据 9420000 用科学记数法表示为9.42×10n ，则的值是（）。

A 、 4B 、 5C 、6D 、7 答案：C5、解方程5x-3=2x+2，移项正确的是（） A.5x-2x=3+2 B.5x+2x=3+2 C.5x-2x=2-3 D.5x+2x=2-3 答案：A6下列各组同类项的一组是（） A.ab 2与-0.5a 2b B. 3a 2b 与-4a 2bc C. a 3与b3D-2a 3b 与ba 3答案：DA.4B.3C.2D.1答案：A8.下列运算正确的是（）A.2(a-1)=2a-1B.a2+a2=2a2C.-2a2=4D.-(a-b)+c=-a-b+c答案：B9.在数轴上表示两个实数的点的位置如图所示,则化简|a+b|是（）A.a+bB.a-bC.-a-bD.b-a答案：C10.若ab≠0，则的取值不可能的是A.2B.0C.-2D.1答案：D．二、填空题（本大题共6题，每道题3分，共18分）11答案：13、已知x是整数，且-3<x<4,请写出一个满足条件的数x，数x的值可以为答案：314、某种苹果价格的售价是每千克x元（x<10），用50元买5千克这种苹果，应找回元答案：50-5x15．如果-abc>0,b、c异号，则a 0(填>或<,=)答案：>16．已知a,b是常数，若多项式（a-2）x2+(2b+1)xy-x+y-7不含二次项，则答案：2三、解答题（本大题有9小题，共72分，解答题要求写出计算步骤过程或文字说明。

广州市越秀外国语学校初一上册Unit 1单元测试卷

2019年秀外七年级第一单元测一、语法选择(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)Jenny and Laura are friends. They are walking to 1 clothes shop.They want ___2___ new clothes. Jane3 twenty dollars and Laura4 has twenty dollars.Now Jane and Laura are ___5___ the shop. Jane says, “Laura! 6 at that beautiful skirt! I want it. __7___it's twenty-five dollars.”Laura says, “What are you talking ___8____? This is not a nice skirt! It is just terrible!“Oh,oh …”Jane says sadly.Then Laura says, “Jane! Look! This sweater is 9 ! I want it. Oh, but the price is too high 10me.”Jane says, “11 do you think it is beautiful? 12 not a nice sweater! It is really terrible!Now Jane is sad, and Laura is sad, too. They are walking 13 . They have no new clothes, but as friends,they 14 that next time they should respect（尊重）each 15 opinions(意见).1. A. a B. an C. the D. /D. to buying 2. A. buy B. to buy C. buyingC. has3. A. have D. having B. hadB. eitherC. as well 4. A. alsoD. tooC. ofB. to 5. A. on D. in6. A. Look B. Looking D. Looks C. To lookC. Or 7. A. AndD. So B. ButC. about B. to 8. A. withD. for9. A. beauty B. beautiful D. beautifully C. beautifullyD. by B. at 10. A. of C. for11. A. Why B. When C. Where D.WhoD. Is 12. A. It 'B. Its C. ItsD. for home 13. A. to home B. at home C. homeC. knew 14. A. know B. knowsD. knowingC. others's'B. other 15. A. others D. other二、完形填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)页 1 第) with grey skin. He is very lonely (孤独的), so he 16 Sam is a fish. He lives in the sea. He isflat(扁平的him or her in the sea now.to look like him. He is 18 to have a friend. And he wants his 17). The octopus doesn't look like Sam, so Sam swims away.Sam sees a red octopus (章鱼his big mouth and wants to eat Sam meets a shark. He wants to say hello to the shark, but the shark 1920 . Sam. Sam is afraid of him and swim awayand hungry. Then he sees a round fish. The round fish says to Sam, Sam takes a rest because he is21“Hello! Would you like to be my friend?”.”23 Sam22 , “Yes, but ... You are round and I am.”25 The round fish says, “But we are both 24 . We can be friends though we look Sam thinks and then says, “You are right. Let's be friends!”D. takesC. completes B. hopes 16. A. hatesD. friendC. cousin 17. A. brother B. sisterD. playing with C. asking for 18. A. looking for B. staying withD. washesC. hurts 19. A. closes B. opensD. slowly C. quickly B. late 20. A. earlyD. excitedC. lostB. tired 21. A. happyD. answersC. calls B. asks 22. A. thinksD. flatC. coloured 23. A. red B. bigB. octopuses D. sharks 24. A. peopleC. fishD. simpleC. old 25. A. different B. friendly分)(共两题，满分45三、阅读理解分）2分，满分40第一节阅读理解（共20小题，每小题(A)Bob and Milly are chatting online. What are they talking about?”“His, Nice to meet you! Hello. Nice to meet you too! “”m a girl. My name is Milly Green.”“I' ”'s Bob Brown. Would you please tell me something about yourself?m a boy. My name“I'm thirteen years old. I like art. My favourite colour is red. I love volleyball. I often play it with my Yes. I'“m tidy.What about you?”''friends after school. Its easy and interesting. By the way, I页 2 第m not tidy. My things are everywhere, haha. My favourite colour is blue. I like volleyball too. But I '“Well, Is fun. Oh, and I am two years older than 'don't play it often. V olleyball is difficult for me. I love ping-pong. It ”you. ”“We can play volleyball together some day. I can teach you ”“Good idea.Thank you. s last name? 's Milly'26. What. Smith. D C. Green. A. Miller.B. Brown..27. Milly thinks volleyball isB. Easy and interesting A. easy and relaxingD. difficult but interestingC. difficult but relaxings favourite colour? ''s Bob28. What D. Black C. Blue A. Yellow B. Red years old.29. Bob isD. 16C. 15 B. 13 A. 11.30. From the passage, we know thatB. Milly and Bob like volleyball A. Milly and Bob are tidyt like ping-pongD. Bob doesn' C. Milly don't have a friend(B)Some children like making friends at their age. They think it is fun. But some children are different. Theyhave some different and special friends. ●My friend is a baby. I like to play with him and he is always happy when he sees me.Carol, age 7 --●My friend is a chicken. It is a yellow one. It's interesting and I like to talk to it.Mia, age 10 --●I like my bike. My bike is my friend. I like riding bike at weekends.--Scott, age 8●Isaas lets me play soccer with hime because he likes me. He is 40 years old. Isaac is a very good friend. Josh, age 8 --●My parents work in a zoo. My friend is a giraffe. It likes me and I often give food to it.--Molly, age 11页 3 第. 31. Carol's friend is aD. giraffeB. chikckenC. bike A. babys friend is ________. '32. MiaD. InterestingC. happyB. cute A. shy. 33. Scott likesB. going swimming A. playing soccerC. riding a bikeD. reading books34. Which of the following is TRUE?B. Mia and Molly make friends with animals A. Josh's friend is his Maths teacherD. Molly often gives books to her friend C. Josh likes to play basketball with his friend35. What does the passage mainly talk about?B. Some children have special friends. A. Children like making friends at their age.D. We should make more friends.C. Making friends is fun.(C)). He Romeo is a dog. He has no home and he often walks in the street. One day, Romeo fell into a ditch(沟渠was badly hurt and couldn't move. Who could help him?old dog and she has no home, either. She walked by the ditch and found Romeo that day. year-Juliet is a two-) at them. She From that day on, she stayed with Romeo for three days. When people walked by, Juliet barked(吠wanted someone to help Romeo.Finally, a kind woman found Romeo, and she took him to the animal hospital. Juliet was aslo weak because) tried their best to help Romeo. After ten days, Romeo she didn't have food during the three days. The vets(兽医got well.Now Romeo and Juliet become good friends. They play with each other, find food together, and help eachother. They don't have home, but they have love. 36. Where did Juliet find Romeo? B. In a ditch A. In a streetD. Near her home C. In a hospital. 37. Juliet barked at people becauseB. She was badly hurt A. She wanted to get foodD. She got lost in the street C. She wanted someone to help Romeo页 4 第38. Who took Romeo to the hospital? D. His owner C. A woman A. JulietB. A doctor39. How long didi it take Romeo to get well? B. Ten days A. Three daysD. A month C. Half a month. 40. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Romeo and Juliet are good friends nowB. Romeo and Juliet have a home nowC. Juliet found food for Romeo during the three daysD. Both Romeo and Juliet like walking in the street(D)Should friends be different or the same? Different people have different ideas. The following is what four ofmy classmates talk about their friends.My name is Susan. I am outgoing. I like to have friends who are similar to me. Both my best friend Lindaand I like travelling. We went to Italy with our families last summer holiday. We stayed there for two weeks. Nextyear, we want to go Paris.My name is Mary. I like to have friends who are different from me. My best friend Betty is shorter and moreoutgoing than me. I am quiet and I like reading very much. Betty likes sports and she plays ping-pong very well.I'm Petter. I like to have friends who like me. It can be very helpful. I'm a little quiet and my good friendRick is quiet too. Sometimes I don't know what to do with my problems; but he can tell me what I should do,because he knows about me better than people who are different from me.I'm Bill. I have both kinds of friends. I think it is important. That makes my life more interesting.41. How long did Susan stay in Italy last summer holiday?A. For a weekB. For two weeksC. For three weeksD. For a month. 42. Betty is good at playingD. tennis - C. Pingpong B. football A. basketball43. Who is Peter's good friend?A. LindaB. BettyC. RickD. Bill44. Why does Bill think it's important to have both kinds of friends?A. Because that makes his life more interesting.页 5 第B. Because more friends can give him more help.C. Because he likes playing different kinds of sports.D. Because he likes making friends with others.45. How many students of the four like to have friends who are similar?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4第二节阅读填空。

2018-2019学年广东省广州市越秀区七年级（上）期末数学试卷解析版

2018-2019学年⼴东省⼴州市越秀区七年级（上）期末数学试卷解析版2018-2019学年⼴东省⼴州市越秀区七年级（上）期末数学试卷⼀、选择题（本⼤题共10⼩题，共30.0分）1.的相反数是A. B. 3 C. D.【答案】B【解析】解：的相反数是3．故选：B．依据相反数的定义求解即可．本题主要考查的是相反数的定义，熟练掌握相反数的定义是解题的关键．2.对于单项式，下列说法正确的是A. 系数是1，次数是2B. 系数是1，次数是3C. 系数是，次数是2D. 系数是，次数是3【答案】D【解析】解：单项式，系数是，次数是3．故选：D．根据单项式系数、次数的定义来求解单项式中数字因数叫做单项式的系数，所有字母的指数和叫做这个单项式的次数．本题考查了单项式的定义，解答本题的关键是理解单项式的定义中的单项式的次数的正确含义．3.下列各组单项式中，不是同类项的是A. 1和B. 和C. abc和abD. 6a和a【答案】C【解析】解：abc和ab不是同类项，故选：C．利⽤同类项定义判断即可．此题考查了同类项，熟练掌握同类项的定义是解本题的关键．4.如图所⽰的是⼀个⼩正⽅体的展开图，把展开图折叠成⼩正⽅体，有“粤”字⼀⾯的相对⾯上的字是A. 澳B. ⼤C. 湾D. 区【答案】B【解析】解：根据正⽅体展开图可知：港、澳、湾、区四个字所在的⾯与奥所在的⾯都有公共点，故他们不可能是对⾯，有“粤”字⼀⾯的相对⾯上的字是“⼤”．故选：B．根据正⽅体的展开图中，相对的⾯不存在公共点进⾏判断即可．本题主要考查的是正⽅体相对两个⾯上的⽂字，明确正⽅体的展开图中相对的⾯不存在公共点是解题的关键．5.将⼀副三⾓板按照如图所⽰的位置摆放，则图中的和的关系⼀定成⽴的是A. 与互余B. 与互补C. 与相等 D. ⽐⼩【答案】C【解析】解：，．故选：C．根据余⾓的性质：等⾓的余⾓相等，即可得到图中的和的关系．本题主要考查了余⾓：如果两个⾓的和等于直⾓，就说这两个⾓互为余⾓，解题时注意：等⾓的余⾓相等．6.如果，那么下列等式不⼀定成⽴的是A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】解：A、当时，⽆意义；故本选项错误；B、等式的两边同时减去3，该等式仍然成⽴；故本选项正确；C、等式的两边同时加上5，该等式仍然成⽴；故本选项正确；D、等式的两边同时乘以，该等式仍然成⽴；故本选项正确；故选：A．利⽤等式的性质对每个式⼦进⾏变形即可找出答案．本题主要考查等式的性质运⽤等式性质2时，必须注意等式两边所乘的或除以的数或式⼦不为0，才能保证所得的结果仍是等式．7.下列结论正确的是A. B.C. D. 当时，【答案】D【解析】解：A、，故错误；B、，故错误；C、，故错误；D、当时，，故正确；故选：D．根据有理数⼤⼩⽐较的⽅法，绝对值的意义，⾮负数的性质判断即可．本题考查了有理数⼤⼩⽐较的⽅法，绝对值的意义，⾮负数的性质，熟记各概念是解题的关键．8.如图所⽰的⼏何体是由若⼲个完全相同的⼩正⽅体组成，从左⾯看这个⼏何体得到的平⾯图形是A. B.C. D.【答案】B【解析】解：从左⾯看这个⼏何体得到的平⾯图形是：故选：B．从左⾯看得到从左往右3列，正⽅形的个数依次为3，2，1，依此画出图形即可．此题主要考查了简单⼏何体的三视图，关键是掌握左视图所看的位置．9.整理⼀批图书，如果由⼀个⼈单独做要50⼩时完成现先安排x⼈做4⼩时，随后增加7⼈与他们⼀起做了2⼩时，恰好完成整理⼯作假设这些⼈的⼯作效率相同，根据题意，列⽅程正确的是A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】解：设先安排x⼈做4⼩时，则后安排⼈做了2⼩时，根据题意得：．故选：C．设先安排x⼈做4⼩时，则后安排⼈做了2⼩时，根据前4⼩时完成部分后2⼩时完成部分整个⼯作量，即可得出关于x的⼀元⼀次⽅程，此题得解．本题考查了由实际问题抽象出⼀元⼀次⽅程，找准等量关系，正确列出⼀元⼀次⽅程是解题的关键．10.如图所⽰，下列图形都是由相同的五⾓星按照⼀定的规律摆成的，按此规律摆下去，第15个图形中共有五⾓星的个数是A. 59B. 60C. 61D. 62【答案】B【解析】解：由图可得，第n个图形有五⾓星：4n，令，得，故选：B．根据题⽬中的图形变化规律，可以求得第n个图形中五⾓星的数量，然后令，从⽽可以解答本题．本题考查图形的变化类，解答本题的关键是明确题意，找出题⽬中图形的变化规律．⼆、填空题（本⼤题共6⼩题，共18.0分）11.计算：______．【答案】9【解析】解：，故答案为：9．先计算括号内的减法，再进⼀步计算所得减法即可得．本题主要考查有理数的减法，解题的关键是掌握有理数的减法法则．12.根据年微信经济数据报告》数据，截⾄2017年底微信公众号的活跃账号达350万个万⽤科学记数法表⽰是______．【答案】【解析】解：350万．故答案是：．科学记数法的表⽰形式为的形式，其中，n为整数确定n的值是易错点，由于350万有7位，所以可以确定．此题考查科学记数法表⽰较⼤的数的⽅法，准确确定a与n值是关键．13.多项式的次数是______．【答案】4【解析】解：多项式的次数是：．故答案为：4．多项式的次数是多项式中最⾼次项的次数，据此即可求解．本题考查了多项式的系数的定义，理解定义是关键．14.已知是关于x的⽅程的解，则m的值是______．【答案】【解析】解：把代⼊⽅程得：，解得：，故答案为：．把代⼊⽅程得到关于m的⼀元⼀次⽅程，解之即可．本题考查了⼀元⼀次⽅程的解，正确掌握解⼀元⼀次⽅程是解题的关键．15.如图，射线OE⽅向表⽰北偏西，则的度数是______．【答案】【解析】解：依题意得：．故答案是：．利⽤⽅向⾓的定义求解即可．本题主要考查了⽅向⾓，度分秒的换算，解题的关键是理解⽅向⾓的定义．16.在纸上画了⼀条数轴后，折叠纸⾯，使数轴上表⽰的点与表⽰3的点重合，这时表⽰的点与表⽰的点也重合，则的值是______．【答案】2019【解析】解：根据题意得：，解得：，．故答案为：2019．由折叠的性质可知，折叠重合的两点表⽰的数之和相等，进⽽可得出关于x的⼀元⼀次⽅程，解之即可求出x的值，再将其代⼊中即可求出结论．本题考查了数轴、折叠的性质以及⼀元⼀次⽅程的应⽤，通过解⼀元⼀次⽅程求出x的值是解题的关键．三、计算题（本⼤题共3⼩题，共32.0分）17.计算：；【答案】解：原式；原式．【解析】原式先计算乘法运算，再计算加减运算即可求出值；原式先计算乘⽅运算，再计算乘除运算，最后算加减运算即可求出值．此题考查了有理数的混合运算，熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键．18.化简多项式：；先化简多项式，再求其值：，其中a、b互为相反数，c、d互为倒数．【答案】解：原式；、b互为相反数，c、d互为倒数，，，则原式．【解析】原式去括号合并即可得到结果；原式去括号合并得到最简结果，利⽤相反数，倒数的性质求出，cd的值，代⼊计算即可求出值．此题考查了整式的加减化简求值，熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键．19.某快递公司针对新客户优惠收费，⾸件物品的收费标准为：若重量不超过10千克，则免运费；当重量为x千克时，运费为元第⼆件物品的收费标准为：当重量为千克时，运费为元若新客户所寄⾸件物品的重量为13千克，则运费是多少元？若新客户所寄⾸件物品的运费为32元，则物品的重量是多少千克？若新客户所寄⾸件物品与第⼆件物品的重量之⽐为2：5，共付运费为50元，则两件物品的重量各是多少千克？【答案】解：，运费为：元．答：若新客户所寄⾸件物品的重量为13千克，则运费是6元；由题意，得，解得．答：若新客户所寄⾸件物品的运费为32元，则物品的重量是26千克；设⾸件物品的重量为2a千克，则第⼆件物品的重量为5a千克．当，，即时，，解得，此时，；当，，即时，，解得，，此情况不符合题意，舍去．综上，⾸件物品的重量为8千克，第⼆件物品的重量为20千克．【解析】根据新客户所寄⾸件物品的重量为x千克时，运费为元，把代⼊，计算即可求解；根据快递公司针对新客户⾸件物品的收费标准，可知，解⽅程即可求解；设⾸件物品的重量为2a千克，则第⼆件物品的重量为5a千克，分，；，两种情况进⾏讨论．本题考查了⼀元⼀次⽅程的应⽤，列代数式，解题关键是要读懂题⽬的意思，理解快递公司针对新客户的优惠收费标准．四、解答题（本⼤题共4⼩题，共40.0分）20.如图，已知点A、点D、线段BC，请⽤⽆刻度的直尺和圆规按下列要求与步骤画图：画直线AB；画射线DA；连接CD；延长线段BC⾄点E，使得请保留作图痕迹；在四边形ABCD内找⼀点O，使得的值最⼩．【答案】解：如图所⽰，直线AB即为所求；如图所⽰，射线DA即为所求；如图所⽰，线段CD即为所求；以点C为圆⼼，CB为半径画弧，交BC延长线于点E，CE即为所求；连接AC，BD，交于点O，点O即为所求．【解析】根据直线的定义作图即可得；根据射线的定义作图即可得；根据线段的定义作图即可得；根据作⼀线段等于已知线段即可得；根据连接两点间的所有连线中，线段最短作图可得．本题主要考查作图复杂作图，解题的关键是熟练掌握直线、射线、线段的定义和作⼀线段等于已知线段的尺规作图及连接两点间的所有连线中，线段最短．21.解下列⽅程：；【答案】解：去括号得：，移项得：，合并同类项得：，系数化为1得：，⽅程两边同时乘以6得：，去括号得：，移项得：，合并同类项得：，系数化为1得：．【解析】依次去括号，移项，合并同类项，系数化为1，即可得到答案，依次去分母，去括号，移项，合并同类项，系数化为1，即可得到答案．本题考查了解⼀元⼀次⽅程，正确掌握解⼀元⼀次⽅程的⽅法是解题的关键．22.如图，点O在直线MN上，，OC平分．若，则______，______，______；若，求的度数⽤含的式⼦表⽰；将绕着点O顺时针旋转到如图的位置，其余条件不变，若为钝⾓，求的度数⽤含的式⼦表⽰【答案】60 30 60【解析】解：，，，平分，，，，故答案为：60，30，60；，，，平分，，；，，，平分，，，故的度数为．根据已知条件得到，根据⾓平分线的定义得到，根据⾓的和差即可得到结论；根据已知条件得到，根据⾓平分线的定义得到，根据⾓的和差即可得到结论；根据已知条件得到，根据⾓平分线的定义得到，根据⾓的和差即可得到结论．本题考查了⾓的计算，⾓平分线的定义，正确的识别图形是解题的关键．23.已知线段点A在点B的左侧若在直线AB上取⼀点C，使得，点D是CB的中点，求AD的长；若M是线段AB的中点，点P是线段AB延长线上任意⼀点，请说明是⼀个定值．【答案】解：当点C在线段AB上时，如图1，，设，则，，，，，，点D是CB的中点，，；当点C在线段AB的延长线上时，如图2，设，，，，，，，点D是CB的中点，，；当点C在BA的延长线上时，明显，次情况不存在；综上所述，AD的长为7或10；如图3，设，则，，，是⼀个定值0．【解析】当点C在线段AB上时，如图1，当点C在线段AB的延长线上时，如图2，当点C在BA的延长线上时，明显，次情况不存在；列⽅程即可得到结论；如图3，设，则，，代⼊即可得到结论．本题考查了两点间的距离，线段中点的定义，正确的作出图形是解题的关键．。

广东省广州市越秀区2018-2019学年七年级上学期摸底调研测试英语试题

一、语音题广东省广州市越秀区2018-2019学年七年级上学期摸底调研测试英语试题广东初一开学考试2019-09-29342次首页>试卷详情页1. 找出下列选项中单词划线部分与所给单词划线部分发音相同的一项。

【小题1】b agA．m anner B．c ake C．d ate D．n ame 【小题2】l uckA．c ute B．m ust C．use D．usually 【小题3】b itA．b ike B．l ip C．wh ite D．l ike 【小题4】n oseA．n ot B．n o C．l ot D．l ock 【小题5】eatA．d ead B．sw eater C．w eather D．each 【小题6】h owA．c ow B．yell ow C．r ow D．l ow 【小题7】act orA．b ored B．h orse C．orange D．visit or 【小题8】whoA．whose B．which C．why D．what 【小题9】yesA．very B．fly C．year D．sky 【小题10】ni ceA．cap B．call C．ri ce D．cup二、其他2. 找出每组中与其余三个不同类的单词。

【小题1】A ．first B ．second D ．nine 【小题2】A ．beach B ．boat D ．valley 【小题3】A ．pollute B ．bright D ．full 【小题4】A ．between B ．behind D ．bottom 【小题5】A ．scientist B ．magic D ．doctor 【小题6】A ．disappear B ．carried D ．came 【小题7】A ．China B ．Australia D ．Japanese 【小题8】A ．they B ．we D ．she 【小题9】A ．animal B ．lion D ．giraffe 【小题10】A ．talkB ．shareD ．quiet3. 按实际情况回答问题。

广州市越秀区2018-2019学年第一学期期末考试初一年级英语试卷及参考答案

12（3（A.GermanyB.favouriteC.ScienceD.engineerThe Germany girl Anna's favourite subjects are Maths and Science, so her dream is to be an engineer.A.SnowyB.excusingC.becauseD.becomesSnowy days make me feel excusing because everything becomes white and I can makesnowmen with my friends.（2）A.WithoutB.gravityC.aroundD.ourselvesWithout gravity, we'll float around in space, so we'll have to tie ourselves to the beds inour sleep.（3）A.goesB.goC.to goD.wentMike does his homework and to play football after school every day.4A.HowB.WhoC.WhichD.What— do you like ，lemon juice or milk tea ？—I like milk tea better ．5 A.haveB.beC.areD.isThere some fish on the table. Please help yourself.6 A.ThatB.ItC.ThisD.Asis important for us to protect the environment.7 A.always; seldom B.always; sometimes ually; oftenD.sometimes; neverMr. Zhang is very busy with his business, so he has time to play.8 A.theyB.meC.myselfD.herselfFirst, I'd like to say something about her and .9二、单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分；满分15分）A.a; anB.an; aC.a; aD.an; anAuggie, the boy in the book "Wonder" , is usual boy with unusual face.10 A.I don'tB.I won'tC.I willD.I'd like to—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.— .11 A.underB.forC.byD.withoutWe can't do it well your help. Thank you very much.12 A.will not rainB.doesn't rainC.is not rainingD.didn't rainIf it tomorrow we'll go to the park.13 A.photosB.newspaperC.ticketsrmationYou can get much about the football match on the Internet.14 A.sheB.herC.hersD.herself—Look! A small bag is on the ground. Whose is it?—There's a girl over there. Maybe it's .15 A.haveB.beC.isD.will—How's the weather tomorrow, Lucy?—I hear there is going to a heavy rain.16 A.to playB.playC.playingD.playedYou shouldn't spend too much time computer games.17 A.That's right!B.Really?C.Oh my god!D.Good idea!—It's sunny today. How about going out for a walk?— 181. A.ran B.died C.walked D.rode2. A.heavy B.unhappy C.expensive D.tired3. A.looked B.talked C.met D.listened4. A.riding B.walking C.selling D.doing5. A.boy B.farmer C.horse D.woman6. A.Second B.Thirdly C.Next st7. A.time B.days C.months D.years8. A.Take B.Bring C.Put D.Give9. A.more B.once C.twice D.then 10. A.all the timeB.at that timeC.on timeD.many timesOnce there was an old farmer, with a horse which was almost as old as himself. He set out one morning with his son to sell the horse before it 1 .Father and son walked, because the farmer did not want the horse to be too 2 . They 3 two men on the road who said, "Why are you 4 , farmer? You have a horse. It's a long way to walk to the market."The farmer knew that this was true, so he rode on the horse, while his son walked. Then they met two old women, "What are you doing up there, farmer? Can't you see how tired the 5 is? " So the farmer got down, and his son rode instead. 6 , three old men stopped them, one said, "Why are you walking, farmer? Get up on the horse. It's too hot for an old man like you to walk today, " So the farmer got up behind his son, and they rode on.Some 7 later, a young woman passed them, "Why aren't you walking? " she asked, "It isn't far to the market. 8 your poor horse a rest." So the farmer, and his son, got down 9 again. It is true that you cannot listen to all the people 10 .19A great French writer has said that we should help everyone as much as we can because we often need help ourselves. The small even can help the great. About this, he told the following story.One day, an ant was drinking at a small river and fell in. She tried her best to reach the side, but she couldn't move at all. The poor ant got too tired but was still doing her best when a big bird saw her. With a pity （同情）, the bird threw her a piece of wood. With it the ant reached the bank again. While she was resting and drying herself in the grass, she heard a man coming up. He was walking without shoes on his feet and carrying a gun in his hand. When he saw the20三、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分）四、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分；满分30分）bird, he wanted to kill her. As soon as he raised his gun, the ant bit （咬）him in one of his feet.He stopped to see what happened to his foot. At that moment, the bird flew away at once. The ant was much weaker and smaller than the bird, but it did save the bird's life.A.B.C.D.According to the French writer, we often need help from others, so we should .help others as much as we can help the useful people get as much help as we can first need to help ourselves（1）A.B.C.D.The bird saved the ant because .the ant almost died she was the ant's friend she took pity on the poor ant she wanted the ant to thank her（2）A.B.C.D.The ant got on the bank with the help of .a leafa piece of wood the grass a raft （木筏）（3）A.B.C.D.Why could the bard fly away at once?Because the bird could fly very fast.Because the man hurt his feet himself.Because the man didn't want to kill her.Because the ant bit the man in one of his feet.（4）A.B.C.D.In writing the story, the writer wants to tell us .how clever the ant was how kind the bird washow the ant and the bird helped each other even the small can help the great（5）What will the house of the future look like? Could it have gardens on its walls, or a pool with fish for dinner? Engineers believe that they are all possible. The only thing for sure is that the houses will be greener than today.The tree houseMany engineers in the world would like to build a "tree house." Like a leaf, the surface of the house collects sunlight during the day. The energy can be used to heat （加热）water,produce electricity for the lights, and even create fresh （新鲜的）air for the home.21The Lizard （蜥蜴）houseLike a lizard, changing color with the weather is the most important design （设计）of a lizard house. When it's in the bright sun, the cover of the house will turn dark to protect it from strong heat. During dark days, it turns white and takes in as much light and heat as possible to produce energy.Meals at homeIt has gardens on the outside wall of the house. People can plant tomatoes, carrots and green tea on them. So every day in the morning, you just need to walk outside and collect your meals.Learning from the pastLooking to the future isn't the only way to be green. Sometimes, the old style of building can also help cut down energy use. For example, a chimney （烟囱）can be a useful air conditioner because it is easier for hot air to flow out through the chimney.A.B.C.D.In the tree house, we can heat water, produce electricity or create fresh air for thehome .with the root of a leaf with the energy from sunlight with the soil under the ground with gardens on its walls（1）A.B.C.D.What will happen to the cover of the lizard house when it's in the bright sun?It will take in light.It will produce energy.It will turn dark.It will turn white.（2）A.B.C.D.The passage tells us that meals at home in the future .will be more delicious need more cooks cost a lot more money will be fresher（3）A.B.C.D.A chimney can be a useful air conditioner because .some green tea is on it it is the old building style hot air goes out easily it helps cut down energy use （4）A.B.What is the best title of the passage?Green Houses of the Future The Greener the Better（5）C.D.How to Build Green Houses Changes of the HousesBirthdays are celebrated （庆祝）all over the world. Some ways to celebrate birthdays are rather similar from county to country: candies, cakes, and birthday wishes. But there are also different ways to celebrate birthdays. Here are a few:DenmarkA flag is flying outside a window to show that someone who lives in the house is having a birthday. Parents put the giftsaround the child's bed while he is sleeping so he will see them at once when he wakes up.IndiaUsually Indian children wear white to school. However, on their birthdays, children wearcolored clothes to school and give out chocolate to everyone in the class. Their best friends help them to do this.JapanThe birthday child wears new clothes to mark the special time. Some birthdays are moreimportant than others. These are the thirdand seventh birthday for girls and the fifth for boys.HollandThe birthday child receivers an especially large present. The family members also put flowers on the birthday child'schair to make it beautiful.22 A.B.C.D.When someone is havings a birthday in Denmark, you can see outside thewindow.flowers presents a flag a chair（1）A.B.C.D.In , the family put flowers on the chair of the birthday child.Japan Denmark India Holland（2）A.B.In , only birthday children wear colored clothes to school.India Holland（3）C.D.Denmark JapanA.B.C.D.In Japan, the birthday is more important for boys when they are .I5753（4）A.B.C.D.The passage is mainly about .similar ways of celebrating birthdays in some countries different ways of celebrating birthdays in some countries children's birthdays in western countries the importance of children's birthdays（5）I like reading when I am f . But I was too busy last week.23The movie is very b and I don't want to watch it again.24It's too dark in the room. L up the lamp, please.25Human being can not live w water and air.26The long night will pass and the sun will s again soon.27Our school playground is very l . It can hold more than 3, 000 people.28My h is playing basketball, and I often play with my friends after school.29John lives close to his school, and he likes to r his bike to school every day.30五、单词拼写（共8小题，每小题1分，满分8分）You must be （care ） when you are crossing the busy road.31Mary often （help ） her classmate with their homework. She is such aware-hearted girl.32Because of the traffic jam, he c （come ） late last night.33I am （interest ） in collecting stamps. It is my favorite hobby.34We are teenagers now, so we should learn to take care of （we ）.35In spring, it often rains in Guangzhou. I don't like the r （rain ） days at all.36Look, the c （child ） are playing happily in the garden.37我爸爸非常忙。

广州市越秀区广大附中2018-2019学年第一学期开学考试初一年级语文试卷及参考答案

1 2 3 4A.B.C.D.下列加粗成语使用恰当的一项是老师一上课就口若悬河，同学们听得津津有味。

妈妈问我今晚去不去看电影，我犹豫不决地说：“不去!”只要你见微知著，善于发问并探索，就能发现真理。

楚楚送了可可一个礼物，可可不以为然。

5 A.B.C.D.下列句子没有语病的一句是从他小时候开始就喜欢看星星。

老师对我的关爱，我一辈子终生不忘。

时局越来越严厉，李大钊依然坚守岗位，没有离开北京。

这些朴素的话语里蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。

6 A.B.C.D.“孩子不算多——只有两个。

”这个句子中的破折号表示语音延长解释说明意思转换意思递进7 A.B.C.D.下列诗句中，没有运用比喻修辞的是碧玉妆成一树高，万条垂下绿丝绦。

羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门关。

遥望洞庭山水翠，白银盘里一青螺。

日出江花红胜火，春来江水绿如蓝。

8 A.B.C.D.下列句子运用的说明方法顺序正确的是（1）在群星璀璨的宇宙中，地球就像一叶扁舟。

（2）地球是一个半径只有六千三百多千米的星球。

（3）同漫漫宇宙相比，地球是渺小的。

（4）科学家提出了许多设想，例如，在火星或者月球上建造移民基地。

比喻列数字比较举例子打比方列数字作比较举例子举例子列数字作比较打比方列数字打比方举例子作比较9A.B.C.D.下面哪部作品不是鲁迅写的？《狂人日记》《藤野先生》《故乡》《俗世奇人》10 A.B.C.D.武松、林冲、鲁智深、宋江这几个人物都出自我国四大名著之一的《西游记》《水浒传》《三国演义》《红楼梦》11 A.B.C.D.下面哪篇课文是俄国作家列夫·托尔斯泰的作品？《穷人》《凡卡》《鲁滨逊漂流记》《夜莺的歌声》12 A.B.C.D.下列诗句涉及的传统节日依次是（1）月上柳梢头，人约黄昏后。

（2）爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏。

（3）家家乞巧望秋月，穿进红丝几万条。

（4）但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。

中秋节春节七夕节元宵节元宵节春节七夕节中秋节春节清明节重阳节中秋节中秋节清明节重阳节元宵节13 A.B.C.D.下列句子中画横线的俗语使用不恰当的一项是李冰指着宝刚说:“你不要光说他的不是，我看你的问题更严重，比起他来，你是百尺竿头，更进一步。

2018-2019学年广州市第七中学七年级(上)期中考试语文试卷(含答案和解析)

2018-2019学年广州市第七中学七年级（上）期中考试语文试卷第一部分积累与运用（共35分）一、（5题，18分）1.下列加点字注音全部正确的一项是（）（3分）A.酝酿．（liàng）着．落（zhuó）澄．清（chéng ）粗犷．（kuàng ）B.静谧．（mì）吝．啬（lìng）侍．弄（sì）搓．捻（cuō）C.确凿．（zhuó）奥秘．（mì）朗润．（yùn）尴尬．（gà）D.枉．然（wǎng）感慨．（kǎi）倜．傥（tì）捶．打（chuí）2.下列词语书写都正确的一项是（）（3分）A.嘹亮决别分岐饥肠辘辘B.伫蓄荫蔽绽开威风澟澟C.云宵烂漫畅消众目睽睽D.淅沥诅咒和蔼混为一谈3.下面各句中加点字词理解不正确的一项是（）（3分）A.母亲扑．过来抓．住我的手，忍住哭声说：“咱娘儿俩在一块儿，好好儿活……（“扑”和“抓”表现出母亲对我失去生活勇气的担心和紧张。

）B.我决定委屈．．儿子，因为我伴他的时日还长。

（“委屈”指的是受到不应有的指责和待遇，心里难过）C.看，像牛毛，像花针，像细丝，密密地斜织．．着，人家屋顶上全笼着一层薄烟。

（“斜织”表现了春雨轻盈、细密的特点。

）D.就是下小雪吧，济南是受不住大雪的，那些小山太秀气．．！（“秀气”强调了济南雪后山景娇美的情态。

）4.下列句子没有语病的一项是（）（3分）A.他的语文成绩不仅在全校很突出，而且在我班也名列前茅。

B.屋子里放着各式各样的鲁迅过去所使用过的东西和书籍。

C.会不会用心观察，能不能重视积累，是能否提高写作水平的关键。

D.学校开展地震安全常识教育活动，可以增强同学们的安全自我保护。

5.名著导读练习。

（6分）学校准备在初一年级开展“品味经典，感悟大师”的系列阅读活动，下面是对《朝花夕拾》这部作品的阅读活动准备。

（1）收集《朝花夕拾》的作品，将不属于这部作品的篇目挑选出来（）（3分）A.《从百草园到三味书屋》B.《狗•猫•鼠》C.《阿长与山海经》D.《湘行散记》（2）为了让同学们对《朝花夕拾》这部作品有所了解，请你根据这部书的主要内容，写一段50以内的介绍词。

广东省广州市第7中学2018-2019学年第一学期10月初九年级数学月考试卷(含答案)

广州市第七中学2018学年第一学期10月初月考数学试题一．选择题（每题3分，共30分）1.已知方程()2131m x x -+=是关于x 的一元二次方程，则m 的取值范围是（）A. 1m ≠B.0m ≥C.01m m ≥≠且D.m 为任意数 2.抛物线()221y x =-+的顶点坐标是（） A. ()2,1-- B.()2,1- C.()2,1- D.()2,13.关于x 的一元二次方程()220x mx m -+-=的根的情况是（）A. 有两个不相等的实数根B.有两个相等的实数根C.没有实数根D.无法确定 4.下列一元二次方程辆实数根和为4-的是（）A. 2240x x +-=B. 2440x x -+=C.24+100x x +=D. 2450x x +-= 5.把抛物线22y x =先向左平移3个单位，再向上平移4个单位，所得抛物线的函数表达关系式为（）A. ()2234y x =++ B.()2234y x =+- C.()2234y x =-- D ()2234y x =-+ 6.将二次函数2361y x x =-+化成顶点式是（）A.()23326y x =-- B.()2338y x =-- C.()2312y x =-- D.()231y x =- 7.已知抛物线2y ax bx =+，当0,0a b ＞＜时，它的图像经过（） A. 第一、二、三象限 B.第一、二、四象限C.第一、三、四象限D.第一、二、三、四象限8.()()123,,2,M y N y --是抛物线()213y x =-++上的两点，则下列大小关系正确的是（）A.123y y ＜＜B.123y y ＜＜C.213y y ＜＜D.213y y ＜＜9.已知二次函数()20y ax bx c a =++≠的图像如图所示，有下列结论：①,a b 同号；②当13x x ==和时，函数值相等；③40a b +=;④当15x -＜＜时，y ＜0，其中正确的有（） A. ①② B.②③ C.①③④ D.②③④10.已知函数244y x x m =-+的图像与x 的交点坐标为()()12,0,,0x x ，且()()212112458x x x x x +--=，则该函数的最小值是（） A.2 B.2- C.10 D.10-二．填空题（每小题3分，共18分）11.对于二次函数()212y x =-+的图像，对称轴是直线_________。

【教育资料】广州市越秀外国语学校初一上册Unit 1单元测试卷学习专用

2019年秀外七年级第一单元测一、语法选择(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)Jenny and Laura are friends. They are walking to 1 clothes shop.They want ___2___ new clothes. Jane 3 twenty dollars and Laura 4 has twenty dollars.Now Jane and Laura are ___5___ the shop. Jane says, “Laura! 6 at that beautiful skirt! I want it. __7___ it’s twenty-five dollars.”Laura says, “What are you talking ___8____? This is not a nice skirt! It is just terrible!“O h,oh …”Jane says sadly.Then Laura says, “Jane!Look! This sweater is 9 ! I want it. Oh, but the price is too high 10 me.”Jane says, “11 do you think it is beautiful? 12 not a nice sweater! It is really terrible!Now Jane is sad, and Laura is sad, too. They are walking 13 . They have no new clothes, but as friends, they 14 that next time they should respect（尊重）each 15 opinions(意见).1. A. a B. an C. the D. /2. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to buying3. A. have B. had C. has D. having4. A. also B. either C. as well D. too5. A. on B. to C. of D. in6. A. Look B. Looking C. To look D. Looks7. A. And B. But C. Or D. So8. A. with B. to C. about D. for9. A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautifully D. beautifully10. A. of B. at C. for D. by11. A. Why B. When C. Where D.Who12. A. It B. It’s C. Its D. Is13. A. to home B. at home C. home D. for home14. A. know B. knows C. knew D. knowing15. A. others B. other C. others’ D. other’s二、完形填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)Sam is a fish. He lives in the sea. He is flat(扁平的) with grey skin. He is very lonely (孤独的), so he 16to have a friend. And he wants his 17 to look like him. He is 18 him or her in the sea now.Sam sees a red octopus (章鱼). The octopus doesn’t look like Sam, so Sam swims away.Sam meets a shark. He wants to say hello to the shark, but the shark 19 his big mouth and wants to eat Sam. Sam is afraid of him and swim away 20 .Sam takes a rest because he is 21 and hungry. Then he sees a round fish. The round fish says to Sam, “Hello! Would you like to be my friend?”Sam 22 , “Yes, but ... You are round and I am23 .”The round fish says, “But we are bo th 24 . We can be friends though we look 25 .”Sam thinks and then says, “You are right. Let’s be friends!”16. A. hates B. hopes C. completes D. takes17. A. brother B. sister C. cousin D. friend18. A. looking for B. staying with C. asking for D. playing with19. A. closes B. opens C. hurts D. washes20. A. early B. late C. quickly D. slowly21. A. happy B. tired C. lost D. excited22. A. thinks B. asks C. calls D. answers23. A. red B. big C. coloured D. flat24. A. people B. octopuses C. fish D. sharks25. A. different B. friendly C. old D. simple三、阅读理解(共两题，满分45分)第一节阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）(A)Bob and Milly are chatting online. What are they talking about?“His, Nice to meet you!”“Hello. Nice to meet you too! ”“I’m a girl. My name is Milly Green.”“I’m a boy. My name’s Bob Brown. Would you please tell me something about yourself?”“Yes. I’m thirteen years old. I like art. My favourite colour is red. I love volleyball. I often play it with my friends after school. It’s easy and interesting. By the way, I’m tidy. What about you?”“Well, I’m not tidy. My things are everywhere, haha. My favourite colour is blue. I like volleyball too. But I don’t play it often. Volleyball is difficult for me. I love ping-pong. It’s fun. Oh, and I am two years older than you.”“We can play volleyball together some day. I can teach you”“Good idea. Thank you.”26. What’s Milly’s last name?A. Miller.B. Brown.C. Green.D. Smith.27. Milly thinks volleyball is .A. easy and relaxingB. Easy and interestingC. difficult but relaxingD. difficult but interesting28. What’s Bob’s favourite colour?A. YellowB. RedC. BlueD. Black29. Bob is years old.A. 11B. 13C. 15D. 1630. From the passage, we know that .A. Milly and Bob are tidyB. Milly and Bob like volleyballC. Milly don’t have a friendD. Bob doesn’t like ping-pong(B)Some children like making friends at their age. They think it is fun. But some children are different. They have some different and special friends.● My friend is a baby. I like to play with him and he is always happy when he sees me.--Carol, age 7● My friend is a chicken. It is a yellow one. It’s interesting and I like to talk to it.--Mia, age 10● I like my bike. My bike is my friend. I like riding bike at weekends.--Scott, age 8● Isaas lets me play soccer with hime because he likes me. He is 40 years old. Isaac is a very good friend.--Josh, age 8● My parents work in a zoo. My friend is a giraffe. It likes me and I often give food to it.--Molly, age 1131. Carol’s friend is a .A. babyB. chikckenC. bikeD. giraffe32. Mia’s friend is ________.A. shyB. cuteC. happyD. Interesting33. Scott likes .A. playing soccerB. going swimmingC. riding a bikeD. reading books34. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Josh’s friend is his Maths teacherB. Mia and Molly make friends with animalsC. Josh likes to play basketball with his friendD. Molly often gives books to her friend35. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Children like making friends at their age.B. Some children have special friends.C. Making friends is fun.D. We should make more friends.(C)Romeo is a dog. He has no home and he often walks in the street. One day, Romeo fell into a ditch(沟渠). He was badly hurt and couldn’t move. Who could help him?Juliet is a two-year-old dog and she has no home, either. She walked by the ditch and found Romeo that day. From that day on, she stayed with Romeo for three days. When people walked by, Juliet barked(吠) at them. She wanted someone to help Romeo.Finally, a kind woman found Romeo, and she took him to the animal hospital. Juliet was aslo weak because she didn’t have food during the three days. The vets(兽医) tried their best to help Romeo. After ten days, Romeo got well.Now Romeo and Juliet become good friends. They play with each other, find food together, and help each other. They don’t have home, but they have love.36. Where did Juliet find Romeo?A. In a streetB. In a ditchC. In a hospitalD. Near her home37. Juliet barked at people because .A. She wanted to get foodB. She was badly hurtC. She wanted someone to help RomeoD. She got lost in the street38. Who took Romeo to the hospital?A. JulietB. A doctorC. A womanD. His owner39. How long didi it take Romeo to get well?A. Three daysB. Ten daysC. Half a monthD. A month40. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? .A. Romeo and Juliet are good friends nowB. Romeo and Juliet have a home nowC. Juliet found food for Romeo during the three daysD. Both Romeo and Juliet like walking in the street(D)Should friends be different or the same? Different people have different ideas. The following is what four of my classmates talk about their friends.My name is Susan. I am outgoing. I like to have friends who are similar to me. Both my best friend Linda and I like travelling. We went to Italy with our families last summer holiday. We stayed there for two weeks. Next year, we want to go Paris.My name is Mary. I like to have friends who are different from me. My best friend Betty is shorter and more outgoing than me. I am quiet and I like reading very much. Betty likes sports and she plays ping-pong very well.I’m Petter. I like to have friends who like me. It can be very helpful. I’m a little quiet and my good friend Rick is quiet too. Sometimes I don’t know what to do with my problems; but he can tell me what I should do, because he knows about me better than people who are different from me.I’m Bill. I have both kinds of friends. I think it is important. That makes my life more interesting.41. How long did Susan stay in Italy last summer holiday?A. For a weekB. For two weeksC. For three weeksD. For a month42. Betty is good at playing .A. basketballB. footballC. Ping-pongD. tennis43. Who is Peter’s good friend?A. LindaB. BettyC. RickD. Bill44. Why does Bill think it’s important to have both kinds of friends?A. Because that makes his life more interesting.B. Because more friends can give him more help.C. Because he likes playing different kinds of sports.D. Because he likes making friends with others.45. How many students of the four like to have friends who are similar?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4第二节阅读填空。

广州七中（上）期中考试初一年级英语科试卷（含答案）

广州七中（上）期中考试初一年级英语科试卷（含答案）广州七中2019学年(上)期中考试初一年级英语科试卷考试时量: 90分钟满分：120分一、听力理解（略）二、听取信息（略）三、语音（每小题1分，共5分）A. 找出下列单词中划线部分的发音与其他不同的单词。

11. A. good B. food C. put D. Wood12.A. short B. store C. forget D. Sport13.A. grammar B. card C. guitar D. MarketB. 找出下列单词中重读音节，与其他不同的单词。

14.A. kilometre B. Japan C. flat D. Seldom15.A. Geography B. usually C. together D. Away四、单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）16. There a lot of sheep on that hill.A. isB. areC. beD. Have17. The hill is coverd snow.A. onB. toC. byD. In18. There more and more on Earth.A. is, pollutionB. are, pollutionC. is, pollutionsD. are, pollutions19. - is your father? - He’s an engineer.A. WhoB. WhatC. WhichD. Where20. Mother puts the apples in the fridge to .A. keep fresh themB. keep them freshC. keeping fresh themD. keeping them fresh21. There is in the word “must”.A. an “t”B. a “m”C. an “u”D. an “s”22. They will home at midnight.A. arriveB. arrive inC. arrive atD. arrive to23. - What is he doing? - He is writing a report on water.A. saveB. savedC. savingD. Saves24. Mrs. Smith asked her son too much ice cream.A. don’t eatB. to eat notC. doesn’t eatD. not to eat25. When Miss Li walks into the classroom, the students and keep quiet.A. stop to talkB. stop not talkC. stop talkD. stop talking五、语法选择（每小题1分，共10分）Wlecome to Southwalk School! When you go to a new school, you start 26 about many things. You worry about your studies. You also worry about making friends. You worry that you will feel lonely because 27 likes you at school. But do not worry to much. You will some people are friendly and some people are not. Usually, there 28 some people you like. These people often like you too.How 29 people make friends? What makes 30 person a friend? Helen has something to say.“My name is Helen.Amy and Sally are my best friends.Amy31 my friend when we were three years old. We‘re fourteen now.I like her 32 she’s happy mosth of the time and very friendly. Sally is a quiet person.She makes friends more slowly, but she’s also a good friend. 33 both like the same things as me, and we listen 34 each other‘s problems.Amy likes to talk and Sally likes to listen. We are all good 35 different school subjects, so we help each other with our homework too.”26.A. to worry B. worry C. worries D. worried27. A. someone B. no one C. anyone D. everyone28. A. has B. have C. is D. are29. A. do B. does C. did D. doing30. A. a B. an C. the D. /31. A. is becoming B. became C. becomes D. become32. A. if B. because C. when D. so33. A. Their B. Theirs C. They D. Then34. A. for B. on C. after D. to35. A. with B. in C. at D. of六、完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）The universe（宇宙）is everything out in space. Nobody 36 how large the universe is. When we talk about the universe, we 37 the earth, the sun, the moon and all the stars, and the space between them.Now let me tell you something about our 38 . It is like a large ball. It 39 round the Sun. And 40 and land cover it. If you are in a spaceship and 41 the earth from space, you will findthat there are some large blue parts. They are the seas, and about 70% of the Earth’s surface is water.We live on the outside part of the earth. Around us is the air. It takes 24 hours to turn in the full 42 . When you see thw sun shining 43 , it is the day for you, But when the earth turns you away from the sun, everything around you becomes 44 .Can you tell me something else about the universe? I’m 45 in it and want to learn more about it.36. A. studies B. knows C. asks D. forgets37. A. protect B. leave C. mean D. see38. A. universe B. Sun C. Earth D. Moon39. A. goes B. waits C. shows D. keeps40. A. water B. ice C. snow D. cloud41. A. watch B. hear C. feel D. touch42. A. world B. circle C. part D. way43. A. easily B. brightly C. quickly D. slowly44. A. cleaner B. brighter C. warmer D. darker45. A. honest B. lucky C. interested D. tired七、阅读理解（每小题2分，共30分）(A)Julia Hill is an American woman. When she was twenty tree years old, she heard that a company wanted to cut down part of a forest in California. In the forest there were lots of old trees. One of them was over 70 meters tall and more than 1,000 years old.Julia wasn’t happy about this. She traveled to California, and climbed up the tree. “If I sit in the tree, ” she said, “the company can’t cut it down.” At the beginning, Julia planned to stay in the tree for two weeks. She lived in a small tree house and her friends helped her. They cooked food for her every day. She talked to her family and news reporters by phone. She stayed in the tree day and night.The company tried to stop her. They used a helicopter(直升机) to stay near her tree house for a long time. The helicopter was very noisy, and it made a lot of wind. Julia didn’t like it, but she stayed in the tree.In the end, she was successful. The company agreed not to cut down the old tree. Finally, after two years and 8 days in the tree, Julia Hill got down and walked on the ground again. She and her friends were very happy.46. Why did Julia go to California?A. To visit the forestB. To protect a treeC. To be a reporterD. To meet her family47. What did Julia’s friends do for her?A. They cooked foodB. They built the tree housesC. They invited news reportersD. They lived in the tree with her48. Julia climbed down the tree _____.A. after the company got to the forestB. after she saw the helicopterC. after the company agreed not to cut down the treeD. after she talked with news repoeters49. Julia stayed in the tree for over ______.A. eight daysB. Two weeksC. three monthsD. two years50. In what order did the story happen?a. A helicopter flew near Julia.b. Julia lived in a tree house.c. Julia got down from the tree.d. A company wanted to cut down the tree.e. Julia went to California.A. e, b, d, a, cB. e, a, d, b, cC. d, e, b, a, cD. d, e, c, a, b(B)Animals are our good friends. we will be lonely if there aren't animals. So we should protect them. What kind of pet would you like? A lovely rabbit, a cute hamster (仓鼠), some beautiful fish, or a horrible snake? Lots of kids love animals and went to have a pet. But not every family can have a pet. So in some countries, such as the US, the UK and Austrilia, school classes have theirown pets.Keeping a pet is not as easy as you may think. Fish need clean water and the right food. Rabits need fresh vegetables and a warm place to live in. It is even not easy to keep a hamster. What would you feed a hamster? How about snakes? Class pets teach kids about the world around them, and being responsible (有责任感的). Sometimes the pets have babies. It’s really exciting, but it also means more animals to look after.Students take turns to look after the class pets. Every week the pets have new “mum and dad” to look after them. You may want to know what happens to the class pets during school holidays. At the end of the term, the。

广州市2019年七年级上学期第一次质量检测数学试题(I)卷

广州市2019年七年级上学期第一次质量检测数学试题（I）卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、单选题1 . 如图,在△ABC中,∠BAC=90°,AD⊥BC于点D,AE平分∠DAC,∠B=50°，求∠DAE的度数为（）A．45°B．20°C．30°D．25°2 . 如下书写的四个美术字，其中为轴对称的是（）A．B．C．D．3 . 如图，CD⊥AB于点D，点E在CD上，下列四个条件：①AD＝ED；②∠A＝∠BED；③∠C＝∠B；④AC＝EB，将其中两个作为条件，不能判定△ADC≌△EDB的是A．①②B．①④C．②③D．②④4 . 如图，AB=AC，BD=CD，则△ABD≌△ACD的依据是（）A．SSS B．SAS C．AAS D．HL5 . 如图，在等边△ABC中，D为AC边上的一点，连接BD，M为BD上一点，且∠AMD=60°，AM交BC于E．当M为BD中点时，的值为（）A．B．C．D．6 . 如图，在Rt△ABC中，∠C=90°，AC=3，将△ACD沿CD翻折，使点A落在BC的中点E处，则点D到BC 的距离是．（）A．4B．3C．2D．17 . 如图，⊙O的内接△ABC的外角∠ACE的平分线交⊙O于点D．DF⊥AC，垂足为F，DE⊥BC，垂足为E．给出下列4个结论：①CE＝CF；②∠ACB＝∠EDF；③DE是⊙O的切线；④．其中一定成立的是（）A．①②③B．②③④C．①③④D．①②④8 . 如图，中，，的平分线与边的垂直平分线相交于点，交的延长线于点，于点，现有下列结论：①；②；③平分；④，其中正确的是（）A．①②B．①②③C．①②④D．①②③④9 . 如图，中，，、的平分线交于，是延长线上一点，且．下列结论：①；②；③．其中所有正确结论的序号有（）．A．①②B．①③C．②③D．①②③10 . 如图，BC的垂直平分线分别交AB、BC于点D和点E，连接CD，AC＝DC，∠B＝25°，则∠ACD的度数是（）．A．50°B．60°C．80°D．100°二、填空题11 . （1）等腰三角形的两边长分别为2和3，则其周长为______.（2）等腰三角形的两边长分别为2和4，则其周长为______.（3）在等腰中，，一腰上的中线将三角形周长分为15和21两部分，则这个三角形的底边长为______.12 . 如图，在平行四边形ABCD中，BE、CE分别平分∠ABC、∠BCD，E在AD上，BE =12，CE =5，则平行四边形ABCD的周长是______．13 . 已知直线y=﹣2x+4与平面直角坐标系中的x轴、y轴分别交于A、B两点，以AB为边作等腰直角三角形ABC，使得点C与原点O在AB两侧，则点C的坐标为_____．14 . 如图所示，B处在A处的南偏西60°方向，C处在A处的南偏东20°方向，∠DBC=100°，则∠ACB的度数是_______．15 . 如图，中，，于，平分，且于，与相交于点，是边的中点，连接与相交于点，下列结论：；；；，其中正确的有__________（填序号）．16 . 如图，∠BAC＝30°，AB＝4，点P是射线AC上的一动点，则线段BP的最小值是_____．17 . 如图，在中，，平分，交边于点，过点作，垂足为.若，则的度数是__________．18 . 在△ABC中，按以下步骤作图：①分别以A，B为圆心，大于的长为半径画弧，相交于两点M，N；②作直线MN交AC于点D，连接BA．若CD＝BC，∠A＝35°，则∠C＝_________________.三、解答题19 . 如图，在△ABC中，D、E是BC边上的点，∠BDA=∠BAD，∠CEA=∠CAE，∠DAE=∠BAA．求∠BAC的度数．20 . 证明命题“角平分线上的点到角两边的距离相等”，要根据题意，画出图形，并用符号表示已知求证，写出证明过程，下面是小明同学根据题意画出的图形，并写出了不完整的已知和求证．（1）已知：如图，OC是∠AOB的角平分线，点P在OC上，，．求证：．（请你补全已知和求证）（2）写出证明过程．21 .如图，在△ ABC中，AB=AC，点D在线段BC上，AD=BD，△ ADC是等腰三角形，求△ABC三个内角的度数。

粤教版2018年七年级地理上册第一单元测试题

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2018-2019年广州初一一期数学重点试卷及解析.doc

2018-2019年广州初一一期数学重点试卷及解析七年级数学〔问卷〕〔考查有理数，整式，一元一次方程〕姓名：﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏成绩：﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏说明：1、全卷共三大题25小题，共120分、考试时间120分钟、 2、答题前，考生务必在答卷上填好自己旳相关信息、3、解答时不得使用计算器，必须将【答案】用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔写在“答卷”指定旳位置内、4、考试结束后，考生只须将答卷交回.【一】选择题〔此题有10个小题，每题3分，共30分，下面每题给出旳四个选项中，只有一个是正确旳、〕1、-2旳倒数是( )A 、2-B 、2C 、12D 、21-2、=---)1(|2|( )A 、1-B 、1C 、2D 、33、过度包装既浪费资源又污染环境、据测算，如果全国每年减少10%旳过度包装纸用量，那么可减排二氧化碳3120000吨、把数3120000用科学记数法表示为( )。

A 、53.1210⨯B 、63.1210⨯C 、531.210⨯D 、70.31210⨯ 4、以下式子中，是单项式旳是( )。

A 、312xy -B 、b a +C 、12+x D 、x 15、以下方程中，是一元一次方程旳是( )。

A 、5=+y xB 、x x 892=-C 、x x 11=-D 、132=+x6、假设mxy23-与8325y xn -是同类项，那么m 、n 旳值分别是( )。

A 、2=m ，2=nB 、4=m ，1=nC 、4=m ，2=nD 、2=m ，3=n 7、关于x 旳方程60)1(4)(4=+--x x a 旳解是1-=x ，那么a 旳值为〔〕。

A 、14-B 、20C 、14D 、16-第20题图8、以下去括号或添括号旳变形中，正确旳选项是( )。

A 、c b a c b a --=--32)3(2B 、143)12(23-+=-+b a b aC.)32(32c b a c b a -+=-+D 、)(b a n m b a n m -+-=-+-9、3||=a ，5||=b ，且0<ab ，那么b a +旳值等于( )。

(人教版)广州市七年级数学上册第一单元《有理数》检测题(包含答案解析)

一、选择题1．数学考试成绩85分以上为优秀，以85分为标准，老师将某一小组五名同学的成绩记为+9、－4、+11、－7、0，这五名同学的实际成绩最高的应是（）A ．94分B ．85分C ．98分D ．96分2．丁丁做了4道计算题：① 2018(1)2018-=；② 0(1)1--=-；③ 1111326-+-=；④11()122÷-=-请你帮他检查一下，他一共做对了（）道 A ．1道B ．2道C ．3道D ．4道 3．13-的倒数的绝对值（）A ．－3B ．13- C ．3 D ．134．数轴上点A 和点B 表示的数分别为－4和2，若要使点A 到点B 的距离是2，则应将点Ａ向右移动（）A ．4个单位长度B ．6个单位长度C ．4个单位长度或8个单位长度D ．6个单位长度或8个单位长度5．下列说法正确的是( )A ．近似数1.50和1.5是相同的B ．3520精确到百位等于3600C ．6.610精确到千分位D ．2.708×104精确到千分位6．计算4(8)(4)(1)+-÷---的结果是( )A ．2B ．3C ．7D ．437．实数a ，b ，c ，d 在数轴上的位置如图所示，下列关系式不正确的是（）A ．|a|＞|b|B ．|ac|=acC ．b ＜dD ．c+d ＞0 8．一名粗心的同学在进行加法运算时，将“－5”错写成“＋5”进行运算，这样他得到的结果比正确答案（）A ．少5B ．少10C ．多5D ．多109．已知实数m 、n 在数轴上的对应点的位置如图所示，则下列判断正确的是( )A ．m ＞0B ．n ＜0C ．mn ＜0D ．m －n ＞0 10．有理数a ，b 在数轴上表示如图所示，则下列各式中正确的是（）A ．0ab >B ．b a >C ．a b ->D ．b a <11．已知 1b a 0-<<< ，那么 a b,a b,a 1,a 1+-+- 的大小关系是（）A ．a b a b a 1a 1+<-<-<+B ．a 1a b a b a 1+>+>->-C ．a 1a b a b a 1-<+<-<+D ．a b a b a 1a 1+>->+>- 12．下列各式计算正确的是（）A ．826(82)6--⨯=--⨯B ．434322()3434÷⨯=÷⨯C ．20012002(1)(1)11-+-=-+D ．-（-22）=-4二、填空题13．在数轴上，若点A 与表示3-的点相距6个单位,则点A 表示的数是__________． 14．已知|a |＝3，|b |＝2，且ab ＜0，则a ﹣b ＝_____．15．填空：3÷3＝____ 3×13＝____ (－12)÷(－2)＝____ (－12)×12⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭＝____ (－9)÷12＝____ (－9)×2＝____0÷(－2.3)＝___ 0×1023⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭＝___16．计算：(1)(2)(3)(4)(2019)(2020)++-+++-++++-=_____．17．有理数a ，b ，c 在数轴上的位置如图所示：填空：+a b ________0，1b -_______0，a c -_______0，1c -_______0．18．若m ﹣1的相反数是3，那么﹣m ＝__．19．A ，B ，C 三地的海拔高度分别是50-米，70-米，20米，则最高点比最低点高______米．20．在数轴上，距离原点有2个单位的点所对应的数是________．三、解答题21．计算：（1）152|18|()263-⨯-+；（2）20203221124(2)3()3-+÷--⨯． 22．计算：（1）157(36)2612⎛⎫--⨯- ⎪⎝⎭ （2）2138(2)3⎛⎫⨯-+÷- ⎪⎝⎭23．计算题：（1）3×（﹣4）﹣28÷（﹣7）；（2）﹣12020+（﹣2）3×1123⎛⎫-+ ⎪⎝⎭． 24．计算：（1）()110822⎫⎛---÷-⨯-⎪⎝⎭ （2）()2313232154⎫⎛-⨯--⨯-÷- ⎪⎝⎭25．某校七年级（1）至（4）班计划每班购买数量相同的图书布置班级读书角，但是由于种种原因，实际购书量与计划有出入，下表是实际购书情况：（2）这4个班实际共购书多少本？（3）书店给出一种优惠方案：一次购买不少于15本，其中2本书免费．若每本书的售价为30元，请计算这4个班整体购书的最低总花费是多少元？26．计算（1）28()5(0.4)5+----；（2）1571361236⎛⎫⎛⎫-+-÷- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭；（3）2336()(2)()(6)575⨯---⨯-+-⨯；（4）42019213(20.2)(2)(1)5⎡⎤---+-÷⨯---⎢⎥⎣⎦；（5）24512.5()(0.1)(2)(2)10⎡⎤÷-⨯---+-⎣⎦．【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．D解析：D【分析】根据85分为标准，以及记录的数字，求出五名学生的实际成绩，即可做出判断．【详解】解：根据题意得：859=94,854=81,8511=96,857=78,850=85+-+--即五名学生的实际成绩分别为：94；81；96；78；85，则这五名同学的实际成绩最高的应是96分．故选D ．【点睛】本题考查了正数和负数的识别，有理数的加减的应用，正确理解正负数的意义是解题的关键．2．A解析：A【分析】根据乘方的意义以及有理数的减法、乘法、除法法则，有理数加减混合运算法则即可判断．【详解】①2018(1)1-=，故本小题错误；②0(1)1--=，故本小题错误； ③1113267-+-=-，故本小题错误； ④11()122÷-=-，正确；所以，他一共做对了1题．故选A ．【点睛】本题考查了有理数的乘方、加法以及除法法则，熟练掌握运算法则是解题关键． 3．C解析：C【分析】首先求13-的倒数，然后根据绝对值的含义直接求解即可．【详解】1-的倒数为-3，-3绝对值是3，3故答案为：C．【点睛】本题考查了倒数和绝对值的概念，熟练掌握概念是解题的关键．4．C解析：C【分析】A点移动后可以在B点左侧，或右侧，分两种情况讨论即可．【详解】∵到2距离为2的数为2+2=4或2-2=0∴-4移动到0需向右移动4个单位长度，移动到4需向右移动8个单位长度故选C．【点睛】本题考查了数轴表示距离，分两种情况一左一右讨论是本题的关键．5．C解析：C【分析】相似数和原值是不相同的；3520精确到百位是3500；2.708×104精确到十位．【详解】A、近似数1.50和1.5是不同的，A错B、3520精确到百位是3500，B错D、2.708×104精确到十位．【点睛】本题考察相似数的定义和科学计数法．6．C解析：C【分析】先计算除法、将减法转化为加法，再计算加法可得答案．【详解】=++解：原式4217=，故选：C．【点睛】本题主要考查有理数的混合运算，解题的关键是掌握有理数的混合运算顺序和运算法则．7．B解析：B【分析】先弄清a,b,c在数轴上的位置及大小，根据实数大小比较方法可以解得.从a 、b 、c 、d 在数轴上的位置可知：a ＜b ＜0，d ＞c ＞1；A 、|a|＞|b|，故选项正确；B 、a 、c 异号，则|ac|=-ac ，故选项错误；C 、b ＜d ，故选项正确；D 、d ＞c ＞1，则c+d ＞0，故选项正确．故选B.【点睛】本题考核知识点：实数大小比较. 解题关键点：记住数轴上右边的数大于左边的数;两个负数，绝对值大的反而小.8．D解析：D【解析】根据题意得：将“-5”错写成“+5”他得到的结果比原结果多5+5＝10.故选D ．9．C解析：C【解析】从数轴可知m 小于0，n 大于0，从而很容易判断四个选项的正误．解：由已知可得n 大于m ，并从数轴知m 小于0，n 大于0，所以mn 小于0，则A ，B ，D 均错误．故选C ．10．C解析：C【分析】根据数轴可得0a b <<且a b >，再逐一分析即可．【详解】由题意得0a <，0b >，a b >，A 、0ab <，故本选项错误；B 、a b >，故本选项错误；C 、a b ->，故本选项正确；D 、b a >，故本选项错误．故选：C ．【点睛】本题考查数轴，由数轴观察出0a b <<且a b >是解题的关键．11．C解析：C【分析】根据有理数大小比较的法则分别进行解答，即可得出答案．解：∵-1＜b ＜a ＜0，∴a+b ＜a+(-b)=a-b ．∵b ＞-1，∴a-1=a+(-1)＜a+b ．又∵-b ＜1，∴a-b=a+(-b)＜a+1．综上得：a-1＜a+b ＜a-b ＜a+1，故选：C ．【点睛】本题主要考查了实数大小的比较，熟练掌握有理数大小比较的法则和有理数的加法法则是解题的关键．12．C解析：C【分析】原式各项根据有理数的运算法则计算得到结果，即可作出判断．【详解】A 、82681220--⨯=--=-，错误，不符合题意；B 、433392234448÷⨯=⨯⨯=，错误，不符合题意； C 、20012002(1)(1)110-+-=-+=，正确，符合题意；D 、-（-22）=4，错误，不符合题意；故选：C ．【点睛】本题考查了有理数的混合运算，熟练掌握运算法则是解答本题的关键．二、填空题13．−9或3【分析】根据题意得出两种情况：当点在表示-3的点的左边时当点在表示-3的点的右边时列出算式求出即可【详解】分为两种情况：①当点在表示-3的点的左边时数为-3−6＝−9；②当点在表示-3的点的解析：−9或3【分析】根据题意得出两种情况：当点在表示-3的点的左边时，当点在表示-3的点的右边时，列出算式求出即可．【详解】分为两种情况：①当点在表示-3的点的左边时，数为-3−6＝−9；②当点在表示-3的点的右边时，数为-3＋6＝3；故答案为：−9或3．【点睛】本题考查了数轴的应用，注意符合条件的有两种情况，不要漏数．14．5或﹣5【分析】先根据绝对值的定义求出ab 的值然后根据ab ＜0确定ab 的值最后代入a ﹣b 中求值即可【详解】解：∵|a|＝3|b|＝2∴a ＝±3b ＝±2；∵ab ＜0∴当a ＝3时b ＝﹣2；当a ＝﹣3时b解析：5或﹣5【分析】先根据绝对值的定义，求出a 、b 的值，然后根据ab ＜0确定a 、b 的值，最后代入a ﹣b 中求值即可．【详解】解：∵|a|＝3，|b|＝2，∴a ＝±3，b ＝±2；∵ab ＜0，∴当a ＝3时b ＝﹣2；当a ＝﹣3时b ＝2，∴a ﹣b ＝3﹣（﹣2）＝5或a ﹣b ＝﹣3﹣2＝﹣5．故填5或﹣5．【点睛】本题主要考查的是有理数的乘法、绝对值、有理数的减法，熟练掌握相关法则是解题的关键．15．166-18-1800【分析】由有理数的乘法和除法运算法则进行计算即可得到答案【详解】解：根据题意则；；；；故答案为：1；1；6；6；18；18；0；0【点睛】本题考查了有理数的乘法和除法的运算法则解析：1 6 6 -18 -18 0 0【分析】由有理数的乘法和除法运算法则进行计算，即可得到答案．【详解】解：根据题意，则331÷=，1313⨯=； (12)(2)6-÷-=，1(12)()62-⨯-=； 1(9)182-÷=-，(9)218-⨯=-； 0( 2.3)0÷-=，100()023⨯-=；故答案为：1；1；6；6；-18；-18；0；0．【点睛】本题考查了有理数的乘法和除法的运算法则，解题的关键是熟练掌握有理数乘法和除法的运算法则进行解题．16．【分析】第1个数与第2个数相结合第3个数与第4个数相结合……第2019个数与第2020个数相结合进行计算即可【详解】原式故答案为：【点睛】本题考查了加法的结合律根据加数的特点将从第一个开始的每相邻两解析：1010-【分析】第1个数与第2个数相结合，第3个数与第4个数相结合，……，第2019个数与第2020个数相结合进行计算即可.【详解】原式(12)(34)(20192020)11111010=-+-++-=-----=-．故答案为：1010-.【点睛】本题考查了加法的结合律，根据加数的特点，将从第一个开始的每相邻两个数结合是解决此题的关键. 17．<<<＞【分析】数轴上右边表示的数总大于左边表示的数左边的数为负数右边的数为正数；根据有理数减法法则进行判断即可【详解】由题图可知所以故答案为：<<<＞【点睛】考核知识点：有理数减法掌握有理数减法法解析：< < < ＞【分析】数轴上右边表示的数总大于左边表示的数．左边的数为负数，右边的数为正数；根据有理数减法法则进行判断即可．【详解】由题图可知01b a c <<<<，所以0,10,0,10a b b a c c +<-<-<->故答案为：<，<，<，＞【点睛】考核知识点：有理数减法．掌握有理数减法法则是关键．18．2【分析】根据只有符号不同的两个数互为相反数可得关于m 的方程根据解方程可得m 的值再根据在一个数的前面加上负号就是这个数的相反数可得答案【详解】解：由m-1的相反数是3得m-1=-3解得m=-2-m=解析：2【分析】根据只有符号不同的两个数互为相反数，可得关于m 的方程，根据解方程，可得m 的值，再根据在一个数的前面加上负号就是这个数的相反数，可得答案．【详解】解：由m-1的相反数是3，得m-1=-3，解得m=-2．-m=+2．故选：A．【点睛】本题考查了相反数的意义，一个数的相反数就是在这个数前面添上“-”号；一个正数的相反数是负数，一个负数的相反数是正数，0的相反数是0．19．90【分析】先根据有理数的大小比较法则得出最高点和最低点再列出运算式子计算有理数的减法即可得【详解】因为所以最高点的海拔高度为20米最低点的海拔高度米则（米）即最高点比最低点高90米故答案为：90【解析：90【分析】先根据有理数的大小比较法则得出最高点和最低点，再列出运算式子，计算有理数的减法即可得．【详解】>->-，因为205070-米，所以最高点的海拔高度为20米，最低点的海拔高度70--=+=（米），则20(70)207090即最高点比最低点高90米，故答案为：90．【点睛】本题考查了有理数的大小比较法则、有理数减法的实际应用，依据题意，正确列出运算式子是解题关键．20．【分析】由绝对值的定义可知：|x|=2所以x=±2【详解】设距离原点有2个单位的点所对应的数为x由绝对值的定义可知：|x|=2∴x=±2故答案为±2【点睛】本题考查了绝对值的性质属于基础题型解析：2±【分析】由绝对值的定义可知：|x|=2，所以x=±2．【详解】设距离原点有2个单位的点所对应的数为x，由绝对值的定义可知：|x|=2，∴x=±2．故答案为±2．【点睛】本题考查了绝对值的性质，属于基础题型．三、解答题21．（1）6；（2）-5【分析】（1）先去掉绝对值，然后根据乘法分配律即可解答本题；（2）根据有理数的乘方、有理数的乘除法和加减法可以解答本题．【详解】解：（1）152|18|()263-⨯-+ ＝18×（12﹣56+23）＝18×12﹣18×56+18×23＝9﹣15+12＝6；（2）20203221124(2)3()3-+÷--⨯ ＝﹣1+24÷（﹣8）﹣9×19＝﹣1+（﹣3）﹣1＝﹣5．【点睛】此题主要考查有理数的混合运算，熟练掌握混合运算顺序是解题关键．22．（1）33；（2）1．【分析】（1）根据乘法分配律可以解答本题；（1）根据有理数的乘方、有理数的乘除法和加减法可以解答本题．【详解】解：（1）原式=157(36)(36)(36)2612⨯--⨯--⨯-= -18+30+21=33；（2）原式= -1+2=1．【点睛】本题考查了有理数的混合运算，有理数混合运算顺序：先算乘方，再算乘除，最后算加减；同级运算，应按从左到右的顺序进行计算；如果有括号，要先做括号内的运算．进行有理数的混合运算时，注意各个运算律的运用，使运算过程得到简化．23．（1）﹣8；（2）13．【分析】（1）先计算乘除，再计算加减，即可得到答案；（2）先计算乘方、然后计算乘法和括号内的运算，再计算加法即可．【详解】解：（1）3×（﹣4）﹣28÷（﹣7）＝（﹣12）+4＝﹣8；（2）﹣12020+（﹣2）3×1123⎛⎫-+ ⎪⎝⎭． =－1+（－8）×16⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭ =413-+=13．【点睛】本题考查了有理数的加减乘除运算，解题的关键是熟练掌握运算法则进行解题． 24．（1）12- ；（2）0【分析】（1）先去绝对值，同时把除变乘，再计算乘法，最后加减即可（2）先计算乘方和括号内的，把除变乘，再计算乘法，最后加减法即可【详解】（1）()110822⎫⎛---÷-⨯-⎪⎝⎭ =1110822⎛⎫⎛⎫--⨯-⨯- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ =102--=-12（2）()2313232154⎫⎛-⨯--⨯-÷- ⎪⎝⎭=()()2386154-⨯---⨯-=243660--+=0【点睛】本题考查有理数的混合运算，解答的关键是熟练掌握运算法则和运算顺序．25．（1）42，+3，22；（2）118本；（3）3120元．【分析】（1）由于4班实际购入21本，且实际购买数量与计划购买数量的差值=-9，即可得计划购书量=30，进而可把表格补充完整；（2）把每班实际数量相加即可；（3）根据已知求出总费用即可．【详解】解：（1）由于4班实际购入21本书，实际购入数量与计划购入数量的差值=-9，可得计划购入数量=30（本），所以一班实际购入30+12=42本，二班实际购入数量与计划购入数量的差值=33-30=3本，3班实际购入数量=30-8=22本．故答案依次为42，+3，22；（2）4个班一共购入数量=42+33+22+21=118（本）；（3）由118157÷=余13得，如果每次购买15本，则可以购买7次，且最后还剩13本书需单独购买，得最低总花费＝30×（15-2）×7+30×13＝3120（元）．.【点睛】本题考查了正负数的应用．在生活实际中利用正负数的计算能力，并通过相关运算来比较大小，进而得出最佳方案；这里要注意，生活中在选择方案时，要注意所有可能的情况． 26．（1）3；（2）3；（3）667-；（4）3-；（5）315.4【分析】（1）先把运算统一为省略加号的和的形式，再利用加法的运算律，把互为相反数的两数先加，从而可得答案；（2）先把除法转化为乘法，再利用乘法的分配律把运算化为：()()()1573636363612-⨯-+⨯--⨯-，再计算乘法运算，最后计算加减运算即可得到答案；（3）把原式化为：()233662557-⨯+-⨯-⨯，逆用乘法的分配律，同步进行乘法运算，最后计算减法即可得到答案；（4）先计算小括号内的运算与乘方运算，再计算中括号内的运算，再计算乘法运算，最后计算加减运算即可得到答案；（5）先计算乘方运算，同步把除法转化为乘法，再计算小括号内的减法运算，同步进行乘法运算，最后计算加法运算即可得到答案．【详解】解：（1）28()5(0.4)5+---- 2850.45=--+ 3.=（2）1571361236⎛⎫⎛⎫-+-÷- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ ()157363612⎛⎫=-+-⨯- ⎪⎝⎭()()()1573636363612=-⨯-+⨯--⨯- 123021=-+3.=（3）2336()(2)()(6)575⨯---⨯-+-⨯ ()233662557=-⨯+-⨯-⨯ 2366557⎛⎫=-⨯+- ⎪⎝⎭ 667=-- 667=- （4）42019213(20.2)(2)(1)5⎡⎤---+-÷⨯---⎢⎥⎣⎦()()1132212⎡⎤⎛⎫=---+-⨯--- ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦ ()313212⎛⎫=---+⨯-+ ⎪⎝⎭ ()31212⎛⎫=---⨯-+ ⎪⎝⎭131=--+3.=-（5）24512.5()(0.1)(2)(2)10⎡⎤÷-⨯---+-⎣⎦ ()()1=2.5101632100⨯-⨯-- ()1164=--- 1164=-+ 315.4= 【点睛】本题考查的是含乘方的有理数的混合运算，乘法分配律的应用，掌握运算法则与运算顺序是解题的关键．。