中级财务会计 双语
中级财务会计(双语)第六章
Depreciation
Some important concepts:
b. Acquisition cost (or original cost) 取得成本 （原始成本） The initial value of the asset at its acquisition 资 产购买时的初始价值
Time-based methods
Sum-of-the-Years’-Digits (SYD) Method
This method multiplies the depreciable base by a fraction that declines each year and results in depreciation that decreases by the same amount each year. 在这种方法下，折旧 基础乘以一个逐年减小的分数，使得折旧每年以同 样的金额减少。
Time-based methods
Illustration 6-1
Acquisition cost: $250,000 Service life: 5 years Residual value: $40,000
250,000 40,000 Annual Depreciation $42,000 per year 5
Time-based methods
Accelerated method 加速折旧法
A depreciation method which allows faster write-offs than the straight-line method. 比 直线折旧法的折旧速度更快的折旧方法。
Benefits from using the asset
中级财务会计(双语)第三章
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
LOGO
Merchandising inventory
Merchandising Inventories:
Are often purchased by wholesale and retail company Are finished goods 成品 Ready to be sold to customers
Cost of Merchandising Inventories=purchase price + transportation costs (运输费) + warehousing costs (仓储费)
LOGO
Manufacturing inventory
LOGO
What is inventory
Inventories are:
① Are used in the production ▪ Manufacturing inventories 制造业存货 ② Something we purchase for resale ▪ Merchandising inventory 商品存货
LOGO
Periodic Inventory System
Inventory Beginning: 120,000 Purchase: 600,000 Sell: 540,000 (cost of goods sold)
Ending: 180,000 (by physical count) Cost of goods sold (inventory sale)=beginning inventory + inventory purchase – ending inventory =120,000+600,000-180,000
中级财务会计 英文
Intermediate Financial AccountingIntroductionFinancial accounting is a fundamental component of a company’s management and reporting process. It involves the recording, analysis, and reporting of a company’s financial transactions. A strong foundation in financial accounting is essential for any individual looking to pursue a career in finance or accounting. This document aims to provide an overview of intermediate financial accounting concepts and principles.The Accounting CycleThe accounting cycle is a series of steps that are followed in the financial accounting process to ensure accurate and reliable financial reporting. The cycle begins with the recording of transactions and ends with the preparation of financial statements. The key steps in the accounting cycle include:1.Identifying and Analyzing Transactions: This step involvesidentifying relevant financial transactions and analyzing their impact on the company’s financial position.2.Recording Journal Entries: Journal entries are recorded todocument the financial transactions. These entries are made in the generaljournal, which is a chronological record of all transactions.3.Posting to General Ledger: The information from the journal entriesis transferred to the general ledger accounts, which are used to summarizetransactions for each account.4.Preparing Trial Balance: A trial balance is prepared to ensure thatall debit and credit balances in the general ledger are equal. If there are noerrors, the total debits will equal the total credits.5.Adjusting Entries: Adjusting entries are made at the end of theaccounting period to record any transactions that have not been previouslyrecorded, such as accruals and prepayments.6.Preparing Financial Statements: Financial statements, including theincome statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement, are prepared toreport the company’s financial performance and position.7.Closing Entries: Closing entries are made to transfer balances fromtemporary accounts (such as revenue and expense accounts) to permanentaccounts (such as retained earnings).8.Preparing Post-Closing Trial Balance: A post-closing trial balance isprepared to ensure that all temporary accounts have been closed and that the accounting records are ready for the next accounting period.Financial Statement AnalysisFinancial statement analy sis involves the examination of a company’s financial statements to assess its financial performance and position. It helps in understanding the company’s profitability, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency. The key tools and techniques used in financial statement analysis include:•Horizontal Analysis: Horizontal analysis compares financial statement items over multiple periods to identify trends and changes.•Vertical Analysis: Vertical analysis involves expressing each financial statement item as a percentage of a base amount, such as total assets or netsales, to assess the relative importance of each item.•Ratio Analysis: Ratio analysis involves calculating and interpreting financial ratios to assess the company’s liquidity, solvency, profitability, and efficiency.•Common Size Ratios: Common size ratios are used to compare the relative percentages of different items within a financial statement.•DuPont Analysis: DuPont analysis decomposes the return on equity (ROE) into its components to assess the company’s profitability, efficiency, and leverage.Revenue Recognition and Expense RecognitionThe principles of revenue recognition and expense recognition are fundamental to financial accounting. These principles determine when revenue and expenses should be recognized in the financial statements. The generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) provide guidelines for revenue recognition and expense recognition.•Revenue Recognition: Revenue is generally recognized when it is earned and realizable. It is earned when the company has delivered goods or services to the customer, and it is realizable when the company can reasonably expect to collect the amount. There are specific criteria for recognizing revenue from different sources, such as sales of goods, provision of services, andinterest and dividends.•Expense Recognition: Expenses are recognized when they are incurred and have a cause-and-effect relationship with revenue. The matching principle requires expenses to be recognized in the same period as the revenuethey help generate. There are different methods of expense recognition, such as the accrual basis and the cash basis.Inventory Valuation MethodsInventory valuation is a crucial aspect of financial accounting, as it impacts the company’s profitability, assets, and financial ratios. There are different methods used to value inventory, including:•FIFO (First-In, First-Out): The FIFO method assumes that the first units of inventory purchased or produced are the first to be sold or used. Itresults in the cost of goods sold being based on the oldest inventory.•LIFO (Last-In, First-Out): The LIFO method assumes that the last units of inventory purchased or produced are the first to be sold or used. Itresults in the cost of goods sold being based on the most recent inventory.•Weighted Average Cost: The weighted average cost method calculates the average cost of inventory based on the average cost per unit. It is calculated by dividing the total cost of goods available for sale by the total units available for sale.Each inventory valuation method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method can have a significant impact on the company’s f inancial statements and taxes.ConclusionIntermediate financial accounting plays a vital role in providing accurate and reliable financial information for decision-making and reporting. Understanding the accounting cycle, financial statement analysis, revenue recognition and expense recognition principles, and inventory valuation methods is essential for anyone seeking to excel in the field of finance or accounting. By acquiring a solid foundation in these concepts, individuals can enhance their ability to interpret financial data and contribute to the success of their organizations.。
中级财务会计I(双语)161ch055.5 chapter 5
Classification
Current or Non-current Current Current or Non-current
Debt or Equity
Fair Value
Equity
Fair Value
5-14
LO 2
CLASSIFICATION IN THE STATEMENT
5-4
LO 1
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
Usefulness
Computing rates of return. Evaluating the capital structure. Assess risk and future cash flows. Assess the company’s:
2. Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
3. Prepare a classified statement of financial position using the report and account formats. 4. Indicate the purpose of the statement of cash flows. 5. Identify the content of the statement of cash flows.
Tangible long-lived assets used in the regular operations of the business.
Physical property such as land, buildings, machinery, furniture, tools, and wasting resources (minerals).
财务会计-中级财务会计英文ch07 精品
- only the costs directly associated with the creation of the intangible asset.
Costs classified as R&D must be expensed in the period incurred.
The calculation of the amortization of intangible
assets follows the same principles as the depreciation
of tangible assets.
Intangible Assets Amortization of Cost
5. Expected actions of competitors, regulatory bodies, and others.
Intangible Assets Amortization of Cost
Intangible Assets With a Finite Life Are Amortized.
Intangible Assets
Chapter
7
Intermediate Accounting 12th Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
Prepared by Coby Harmon, University of California, Santa Barbara
Intangible Assets
Accounting
At acquisition: record at cost.
中级财务会计(双语)第四章
2
3 •
80
60
90
80
50
Only the Product 2 is impaired.
Adjusting Cost to Market
• When a company uses the LCM method to value inventories (if inventory value<cost), a write-down (减值) of inventory is required.
Applying LCM method
• The LCM method can be applied to individual inventory items, logical inventory categories, or the entire inventory.
• 市价与成本孰低法可以应用于个别存货项目、存货组合或 者整体存货。 Usually: use LCM method on individual inventory item 通常对单个存货项目计提减值 Under certain circumstances: use LCM method on logical inventory categories or the entire inventory 在某些特殊情况下，对存货组合或整体存 货计提减值
Total
415,000
347,000
Adjusting Cost to Market
• • • Write-down of inventory =415,000-347,000=68,000 Dr. Loss on write-down of inventory 68,000 Cr. Inventory valuation allowance 68,000
中级财务会计英文ch07
- cash paid, plus - the current market value of the noncash consideration given.
Intangible Assets Determination of Cost
patents are capitalized.
Patents estion
Batter-Up, Inc. has developed a new device. Patent registration costs consisted of $2,000 in attorney fees and $1,000 in federal registration fees. What is Batter-Up’s amortizable cost?
• Where the intangibles have indefinite useful lives, they are not amortized.
• Acquired intangibles should not be written off at acquisition.
Intangible Assets Amortization of Cost
expensed as incurred. Patents are amortized over the shorter of the
legal life (20 years) or their useful lives. Legal fees incurred to successfully defend
Intangible Assets
中级财务会计I(双语)课程ch06
More Complex Situations
Present Value Measurement
Deferred annuities
Valuation of long-term bonds
Effectiveinterest method of bond discount/ premium amortization
Illustration 6-1 Simple vs. Compound Interest
Year 1 $10,000.00 x 9% Year 2 $10,900.00 x 9% Year 3 $11,881.00 x 9%
$ 900.00 $ 10,900.00 $ 981.00 $ 11,881.00 $1,069.29 $ 12,950.29
Illustration: KC borrows $20,000 for 3 years at a rate of 7% per year. Compute the total interest to be paid for the 3 years.
Total Interest
Interest = p x i x n = $20,000 x .07 x 3 = $4,200
6-1
CHAPTER 6
ACCOUNTING AND THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY
Intermediate Accounting IFRS Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
6-2
Learning Objectives
1. Identify accounting topics where the time value of money is relevant. 2. Distinguish between simple and compound interest. 3. Use appropriate compound interest tables. 4. Identify variables fundamental to solving interest problems. 5. Solve future and present value of 1 problems. 6. Solve future value of ordinary and annuity due problems. 7. Solve present value of ordinary and annuity due problems. 8. Solve present value problems related to deferred annuities and
中级财务会计(双语)第四章
Applying LCM method
• Use LCM to determine the inventory value. Three applications:
150,000
80,000 90,000 95,000 265,000 415,000
155,000
65,000 56,000 86,000 207,000
150,000
207,000 357,000
Adjusting Cost to Market
• • • Write-down of inventory =415,000-357,000=58,000 Dr. Loss on write-down of inventory 58,000 Cr. Inventory valuation allowance 58,000
Impairment of Inventories
• How do we know we have an impairment of inventories? 如何判断存货存在减值迹象？ • Impairment is incurred:
▪ If those inventories are damaged 被损坏 ▪ If inventories have become wholly or partially obsolete 部分或全部过时 ▪ If their selling prices have declined 市价下跌 ▪ If the estimated costs of completion or the estimated costs to be incurred to make the sale have increased. 估计的完工成本或估计的销售费用上 涨
《中级财务会计(双语)》教案
《中级财务会计（双语）》教案任课教师：唐玲授课班级：课程学分： 4课程总学时：72课程周学时： 4上课周次：16教学进度计划教学内容总学时教学手段教学环境第一章总论 4 多媒体课堂教学第二章货币与金融资产 6 多媒体课堂教学第三章应收及预付款项 4 多媒体课堂教学第四章存货 6 多媒体课堂教学第五章长期股权投资 6 多媒体课堂教学第六章固定资产8 多媒体课堂教学第七章无形资产及其他资产 4 多媒体课堂教学第八章流动负债 6 多媒体课堂教学第九章长期负债 4 多媒体课堂教学第十章所有者权益 2 多媒体课堂教学第十一章收入、费用、利润6多媒体课堂教学第十二章财务报告 6 多媒体课堂教学实习10 课堂实践合计72每节课时分配参见课程教学的基本内容。
参考书目：（一）使用教材：唐纳德.E.基索、杰里.J.韦安特著《Intermediate Accounting》中国人民大学出版社李宝珍、裴淑红编《财务会计学》中国市场出版社（二）主要参考书目：《中级会计实务》财政部会计资格评价中心编经济科学出版社《注册会计师全国统一考试辅导教材——会计》中国财政经济出版社《Financial Accounting》，沃尔特·T·小哈里森、查尔斯·T·亨格瑞，美国：清华大学出版社，课程简介中级财务会计（双语）课程是会计学专业、财务管理专业的一门专业必修课和核心课程，是会计专业知识结构中的主体部分。
本课程的任务是介绍财务会计的基本理论和实务，培养学生从事财务会计工作应具备的基本知识、基本技能和操作能力。
本课程共72学时，4.5个学分，其中62个学时为课堂讲授，10个实习课时。
通过本课程的教学，使学生能够掌握会计核算的相关知识和方法，为其进一步学习打下良好的基础。
教学中应注意对学生基本技能的培养，实现应用型人才的培养目标。
课次 1 课时 2 累计课时 2 教学目的与要求通过教学，应使学生了解该课程的内容；一般掌握理解财务会计的目标、基本假设、会计信息质量要求。
中级会计教材英文原版
中级会计教材英文原版以下为您生成 20 个关于中级会计教材相关的内容示例：---1. **Accrual basis accounting**- 英文释义：An accounting method where revenues and expenses are recorded when they are earned or incurred, regardless of when the cash is received or paid.- 短语：accrual basis of accounting（权责发生制会计）- 单词：accrual（应计；应计项目）- 用法：“The company uses accrual basis accounting to provide a more accurate picture of its financial performance.”（该公司采用权责发生制会计来更准确地反映其财务业绩。
）- 双语例句：Accrual basis accounting is more complex but provides a better reflection of economic reality.（权责发生制会计更复杂，但能更好地反映经济现实。
）2. **Amortization**- 英文释义：The gradual reduction of the value of an intangible asset or a loan over a period of time.- 短语：amortization expense（摊销费用）- 单词：amortize（摊销；分期偿还）- 用法：“The amortization of the patent is calculated over its useful life.”（该专利的摊销是在其使用寿命内计算的。
中级财务会计(双语)第二章
Gross Method V.S. Net Method • In America, most companies use the gross method because it’s easier than the net method. • But in China, only the gross method is allowed to use.
• Trade discounts only has one way to record: use the net price to record the accounts receivable and the revenue. • Cash discounts has two ways to record: gross method & net method.
▪ Notes receivable are supported by the note and an invoice.
• Accounts receivable are classified as current assets, because their collection period (收款期) is usually less than one year. • AR are recognized on the day when we deliver the goods/services.
Trade receivables 商业应收款: resulting from the sale of goods or services. Receivables Exp. Accounts Receivable Nontrade receivables 非商业应收款: not resulting from the sale of goods or services.
中级财务会计(双语)第一章
Cash VS. Accrual Accounting
• Two accounting methods:
Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Reports
Relevance 相关性 Faithful representation 如实反映
Predictive Value 预测价值
Confirmatory Value 验证价值
Completeness 完整性
Objective of Financial Accounting
• The objective of financial accounting is to provide financial information about the reporting entity that is useful to present and potential equity investors, lenders, and other creditors in making decisions in their capacity as capital providers.
Financial Accounting Environment
• Providers of financial information
Profit-oriented companies Financial accounting Not-for-profit entities Governmental and nonprofit accounting
中级财务会计英文版95页PPT
Balance Sheet Format
Equity Classifications
Capital Stock
Other Contributed Capital
Owners’ Equity
Retained
Earnings
Chapter 3-14
Treasury Stock
Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
Chapter 3-18
Contingent Liabilities and Assets
No or No
Chapter 3-19
Loss
Probable (?)
Yes
and
Reasonably
estimated (?)
Yes
Reasonably possible
Disclosure
Report amount in financial statements
Balance Sheet Format
Liability Classifications
Accounts Payable
Short-term Notes Payable
Current Liabilities
Collections in advance of unearned revenue
Chapter 3-11
(Owner’s Equity)
Balance Sheet
Basic Accounting Identity
A = L + OE
Chapter 3-5
Balance Sheet
Basic Definitions - SFAC No. 6
中级财务会计英文版
Prepared by Coby Harmon, University of California, Santa Barbara
Learning Objectives
1. Understand the purposes of the balance sheet.
2. Define the elements of a balance sheet.
statement. 11. Compute income from continuing operations. 12. Compute results from discontinued operations. 13. Identify extraordinary items. 14. Prepare a statement of retained earnings. 15. Report comprehensive income.
Basic Accounting Identity
A = L + OE
Chapter 3-5
Balance Sheet
Basic Definitions - SFAC No. 6
Assets Probable future economic benefits
obtained or controlled by a particular entity as a result of past
Investments and funds
Intangibles
Noncurrent Assets
Property, Plant, & Equipment
Chapter 3-10
Deferred Charges
Balance Sheet Format
中级财务会计英文ch13
Cash Flow Categories
Cash Flows from Operating Activities --Can be determined using either the direct method or the indirect method.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Learning Objectives
1. Describe the purpose of the statement of cash flows. 2. Identify the major classifications of cash flows. 3. Differentiate between net income and net cash flows from operating
Differences between Cash and Accrual Accounting -- GAAP is increasingly complex. Cash flow information is important in the short run.
Chapter 13-5
Cash Flow Reporting the Usefulness of Cash Flows
Chapter 13-6
Statement of Cash Flows Purpose
The Statement helps users assess . . . a firm’s ability to generate cash. a firm’s ability to meet its obligations. the reasons for differences between income and
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Objective of Financial Accounting
• The objective of financial accounting is to provide financial information about the reporting entity that is useful to present and potential equity investors, lenders, and other creditors in making decisions in their capacity as capital providers.
• In America, it has 10 elements of financial statements.
Assets Liabilities Equity (or net assets) Investments by owners 业主投资 Distributions to owners 业主派得 Comprehensive income 综合收益 Revenues Expenses Gains 利得 Losses 损失
– Net operating cash flow=cash receipts-cash disbursement 净经营性现金流量=现金收入-现金支出
– NOCF>0
– A major drawback: over short periods of time, operating cash flows may not be indicative of the company’s long-run cash-generating ability. 企业短 期的经营性现金流量可能不能很好反映其长期获取现金的能 力。
Financial Accounting Environment • Providers of financial information
Profit-oriented companies Financial accounting
Not-for-profit entities Governmental and nonprofit accounting
Qualitative Characteristics
Decision usefulness
Overriding objective
Relevance 相关性
Faithful representation 如实反映
Primary characteristics
Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Reports
Relevance 相关性
Faithful representation 如实反映
Predictive Value
预测价值
Confirmatory Value
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ验证价值
Completeness 完整性
Free from material error
无重大错报
Neutrality 中立性
Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Reports
recorded when incurred. – Net income=revenues-expenses 净利润=收入-费用
（or net loss if expenses are greater than revenues.） – Net income ≠ Net operating cash flow
Materiality 重要性 Dollar amount of an item (bad debts) Nature of an item (unlawful transaction)
• One practical justification: 一个实务判断
Conservatism 谨慎性
Elements of Financial Statements
Elements of Financial Statements
• Equity (or net assets)
– shareholders’ equity or stockholders’ equity – residual interest 剩余权益 (equity=assets-liabilities). – Exp. We open a new company. Its total assets are
Cash Basis Accounting
Accrual Basis Accounting
• Accrual Basis Accounting
– One of the accounting methods – Revenue is recorded when earned, expenses are
Accrual Basis Accounting
Exercise
• The company incurred utility costs of $35,000 in year one, and the insurance covers a three-year period.
Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Reports
Managerial Accounting
Financial Accounting Environment
• Financial information: financial statements and related disclosure notes
• Financial statements:
• Who: Reporting entity • Do what: Provide financial information (useful in
decision-making) • To whom: Capital providers
Objective of Financial Accounting
Households
Financial Accounting Environment
• Users of financial information (external)
Investors
Primary users
Creditors (banks, bondholders)
Employees
Labor unions
Customers
Suppliers
Government regulatory agencies (Securities and Exchange Commission)
Financial intermediaries (financial analysts, creditrating organizations…)
可验证性
及时性
Enhancing
characteristics
Understandability 可理解性
Constraints to Achieving Qualitative Characteristics
• Two constraints: 两个约束条件
Cost Effectiveness 成本效益原则 Segment report
a. Balance sheet or statement of financial position b. The income statement or statement of operation c. The statement of cash flows d. The statement of shareholders’ equity
Elements of Financial Statements
• Assets
– Future economic benefits – Obtained or controlled 拥有或控制
Our company purchased a building. (obtain) Capital lease (control) – Past transactions or events Our company is planning to purchase an
Financial Accounting Environment
• Users of financial information (external)
Financial Accounting
• Users of financial information (internal)
Managers, CFO, CEO the board of directors
Relevance 相关性
Qualitative Characteristics
Overriding Decision usefulness objective
Primary characteristics
Faithful representation
如实反映
Comparability 可比性
Verifiability Timeliness
Financial Accounting Environment
• The primary focus of financial accounting is on the information needs of investors and creditors.
Who provides financial information? Who uses financial information? Financial accounting & managerial accounting What is financial information?