20年6月西南大学机考0288-大作业参考
西南大学20年6月[0350]数学教育学机考大作业参考答案
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西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷
类别:网教2020年5月
课程名称:数学教育学(方法论)【0350】
A卷大作业满分:100 分
要答案:wangjiaofudao
一、简述题(共计30分)
1. 简述教学评价对数学教学的功能。
(10分)
2. 简述数学教学原则中的“渗透数学思想方法原则”(20分)
二、实践与综合运用题(共计70分)
(一)选择以下知识点之一(共计30分)
分数的概念(小学)
平方差公式(初中)
函数的单调性(高中)
(1)分析教材,指出该知识点渗透了哪些数学思想方法(10分)
(2)分析学生学习该知识点的思维障碍或者容易出现的典型错误及原因(10分)(提示:该知识点的“思维障碍”与“典型错误”可选择其中之一进行分析), (3)提出相应的教学策略(10分)
(没有固定评分标准,根据回答情况酌情给分)(二)根据所提出的教学策略,设计简要的教学过程(40分)
答题提示:教学过程设计具有整体性,各环节衔接自如,结构紧凑;在渗透数学思想方法、突破学生思维障碍或纠正典型错误上与上述(一)的回答有一定的联系。
(没有固定评分标准,根据回答情况酌情给分)。
[1030]大学物理基础20年6月西南大学机考大作业参考答案
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西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别:网教2020年5月课程名称【编号】:大学物理基础【1030】A卷大作业满分:100 分要答案:wangjiaofudao一、简答题:(共8题,每题10分,选择其中4个题目作答,共40分)1、温度的微观本质是什么?2、什么是自由度?刚性单原子、双原子、多原子各有几个自由度?3、热力学第一定律的内容是什么?4、热力学第二定律的开尔文表述的内容是什么?5、什么是熵增加原理?6、一个物体做简谐振动,其能量的特征是什么?7、什么是波动?机械波与电磁波的主要区别是什么?8、什么是光程?二、计算题:(共5题,每题30分,选择其中2个题目作答,共60分)1、一体积为1.0×10-3 m3 的容器中,含有4.0×10-5 kg的氦气和4.0×10-5 kg 的氢气,它们的温度为30℃,试求容器中混合气体的压强。
2、今有两摩尔的理想气体氮气,温度由17℃升为27℃。
若在升温过程(1)体积保持不变,(2)压强保持不变,求气体在这两过程中各吸收多少热量?各增加了多少内能?各对外做了多少功?3、一质点沿x轴作简谐振动,振幅A=0.05m,周期T=0.2s。
当质点正越过平衡位置向负x方向运动时开始计时。
写出此质点的简谐振动方程;(2)另一质点和此质点的振动频率相同,但振幅为0.08m,并和此质点反相,写出另一质点的简谐振动方程;4、用波长λ=500nm的单色光垂直照射在由两块玻璃板(一端刚好接触成为劈棱)构成的空气劈尖上。
劈尖角θ=2×10-4rad。
如果劈尖内充满折射率为n=1.40的液体。
求从劈棱数起第五个明条纹在充入液体前后移动的距离。
5、杨氏双缝干涉装置的下缝上被一片很薄的玻璃片覆盖,这时零级明纹移动到原来的6级暗纹的地方,如果入射光的波长为600nm,玻璃片的折射率为n=1.55,求玻璃片的厚度e。
西南大学网络与继续教育学院0288艺术概论大作业答案
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0288艺术概论一、论述题(每题20分,任选3题,共60分)1、艺术的审美认知作用。
答:艺术的审美认知作用是艺术所自有的一种独特的认知功能。
艺术以其所特有的艺术形象为载体,在充分地表现出艺术家的对社会、人生敏锐的观察、深刻的评判、揭示对象的本质特征时,让审美主体——欣赏者以及广大受众,在潜移默化的认同中与作者、作品因审美互动而形成了共识。
另外,艺术作品的真实,又因它的高于生活真实,超越生活真实而表示出人们的对更为美好的未来的憧景和热爱。
展现了人的思想、灵魂的纯化和升华,从而使人们在审美活动中,加深了对美好的事物、高尚的道德、诚真的情感的响往和追求。
有鉴于此,艺术的认知作用中的审美认知作用是艺术审美所特有的一种功能,是与人通过自然科学和社会科学去认识客观事物,所不同的一种认知功能作用。
2、艺术的审美娱乐作用。
答:艺术的审美娱乐作用是指通过艺术欣赏活动,使人的审美需要得以满足,并由此获得精神享受和审美愉快。
如通过阅读作品和观看演出,使身心得到愉快和休息。
艺术作为一特殊的精神产品,给人们带来审美的愉悦和心理快感,是其审美娱乐的功能的体观。
3、美育的核心是艺术教育。
答:“美育的核心是艺术教育”一说,首先是指相对于实施美育教育之不同途径而言的。
其次是指由于一般认为艺术教育是实施美育的主要手段,而艺术美又是美的集中表现形态,以及艺术教育又总是以艺术美为基础,从而艺术教育便被赋于了更为不广泛的内涵而言的。
尽管“艺术教育”的一种狭义理解是培养各种艺术家以及艺术专业的艺术专门教育,但艺术教育的更为广泛的自然的意义总是以情感人,潜移默化,寓教于乐等为一般特点,以此培养、造就人的审美理想、鉴赏能力,乃至促进人的全面发展、陶冶高尚情操、熔铸完美人格等。
从而使艺术教育在这个层面上,具有了与美育同质之意义。
也就是说在这个层面上,艺术教育的这种广义的功能,可视为美育的核心。
(答案可参阅教材63、64、65页。
由韩修乾老师重新组织、整理、册改、补充)4、艺术与文化的关系是什么?如何理解艺术在人类文化中的地位与作用?答:艺术作为一种独特的文化形态或文化现象,在整个人类文化大系统中占有极其重要的地位。
[0845]《英语语法》20年6月西南机考参考答案
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西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别:网教(网教/成教) 专业:英语教育、应用英语课程名称【编号】:《英语语法》【0845】A卷大作业满分:100 分要答案:wangjiaofudaoI.单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题4.0分,共80.0分)1. ________, Malcolm X would not have been able to join the world community of thoughts and actions.A. If he didn't study English very hard through self-learningB. Were he to study English very hard through self-learningC. Had he didn't study English very hard through self-learning:D. Hadn't he studied English very hard through self-learning2. A pen is to a writer __________ a gun is to a fighter.A. asB. whatC. thatD. like3. Malcolm X would rather be fully occupied with copying a dictionary and reading aloud __________ the time away in prison.% l( o( d3 u' T6 k- P& tA. more than to idleB. than idle# ?C. rather than to idleD. more than idling4. ________ the scandal among his colleagues, Mr. Williams would have been promoted to the position as director.A. If he did not spreadB. Had he not spreadC. Did he not spreadD. Should he not spread5. The science of computer, __________ rapid progress has been made in recent years, is the most important in all the science.A. to whichB. in whichC. off whichD. from which6. This is a small house less than 80 square meters, under __________ roof lives a large family of three generations.A. whichB. thatC. itsD. whose7. Michael Phelps, __________ the feet are bigger than others, won eight gold medals at the National games.A. whoseB. whomC. of whoD. of whom8. Many Americans live on credit cards, and their quality of life ___________, not how much they can earn.A. is measured by how much can they loanB. is measured by how much they can loanC. is measured by how they can loanD. is measured by how can they loan9. Whatever I say or whatever I do was viewed through the politics of race, faith, and original nationality, so __________.A. my setbacks areB. my setback wereC. were my setbacksD. are my setbacks10. People in the community hope all the measures against air pollution, ________ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.A. whileB. sinceC. thatD. as11. It was a worthwhile attempt ________ it failed to achieve its purpose that we had hoped for.A. in the endB. now thatC. all at onceD. even though12. For years, scientists have debated the ________ dangers of building another nuclear plant after the terrible accident.A. availableB. potentialC. fascinatingD. genuine13.He makes his students ________ knowledge through various kinds of interesting activities.A. studyB. learnC. achieveD. acquire14. We teachers do not consider it wise to ________ our students with all sorts of exams, tests and quizzes.A. loadB. annoyC. sampleD. explore/ {& n4 S+ e9 |( m15. I'll be happy to help you, ________ you won't take up too much of my time.A. as well asB. as long asC. as far asD. as soon as16. This kind of exercise will ________ your creativity, renew your energy, and unlock your potential.A. bindB. yieldC. embraceD. stimulate17. Don't take someone you get to know from the Internet to your house no matter how ________ he sounds.- w6 O, J8 H, K' K! M8 E9 \A. bold4B. genuineC. flexibleD. available18. Smart phones –with cameras and color screens –can ________ images and data using wireless network technology.A. evolveB. departC. transmitD. assure19. The university decided to increase the ________ of the lecture hall, which has only 200 seats.$ K4 T' ?# U% x+ ~+ h$ ^A. abilityB. capacityC. facilityD. faculty20. Having practiced so many times, I feel very ________ of my ability to deliver the presentation successfully.8 P- w6 `' f( }3 q1 ?, l* zA. confidentB. enthusiasticC. incredibleD. satisfiedII.填空题: 用do或make的适当形式填空。
[0048]经济法概论西南20年6月考试大作业参考答案
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[0048]经济法概论西南20年6月考试大作业参考答案work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别:网教 2020 年5月课程名称【编号】:经济法概论【0048】A卷大作业满分:100分要答案:wangjiaofudao特别提示:1.共5个试题,其中任选2个试题做,每题50分,共100分。
2.在答题卷上只写答案,不抄试题;同时标明具体做的试题番号,只提交答案。
如果做3题或者3题以上或者抄写试题者记为零分。
一、某电冰箱生产企业为一般纳税人,2019年12月发生下列业务:(1)以物易物,将自产200立升电冰箱10台换取职工工作服一批,双方均末开发票;(2)销售200立升冰箱1000台,发票注明每台不含税价格1000元;(3)支付电费,取得增值税发票,税款2550元;(4)支付水费,取得增值税发票,税款120元;(5)销售生产下脚料一批,收取现金2260元。
要求计算2019年12月应纳增值税(假定购进货物的发票当月已经认证)。
二、甲为搞运输,决定购买一辆汽车,但需要资金10万元。
甲向乙借款5万元,并以自己所有的一幅价值5万元的古代名画抵押,双方签订了抵押合同,但未办理抵押物登记。
乙仍担心甲不能按期还款,于是甲父又以其所在的某公立中学校舍为其设定抵押,并办理了抵押登记。
甲又向丙借款5万元,并以该套古代名画质押,双方签订质押合同后,甲即将古代名画交付给丙。
甲得款后,购买了汽车。
汽车在运输过程中肇事,致使甲无力偿还借款,产生纠纷。
诉讼到人民法院后,法院经审理查明,丙在保管过程中,不慎将名画损坏,送到丁处修复,因无力支付修复费5000元,该幅名画被丁留置。
丁有一次拿出该画让朋友戊欣赏,被戊看中,逐出价 4000元买下了该画。
根据《合同法》和《担保法》回答问题:1.该材料包括哪些主合同和从合同?2.甲乙之间的抵押是否有效?3.甲父与乙之间的抵押是否有效?4.甲丙之间是什么法律关系是否有效5.该幅名画的所有权最后属于谁?三、根据《公司法》,简要回答股份有限公司的设立条件。
西南[0859]跨文化交际20年6月机考大作业参考答案
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西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别:网教2020年5月课程名称【编号】:跨文化交际【0859】A卷大作业满分:100 分要答案:wangjiaofudaoAnalyze the following cases,and then answer the given questions. (50%)Case 1Can we talk about us?Anna asks her fiancé, Ben, “Can we talk about us?”Immediately Ben tenses up, sensing trouble. He presents himself for an unpleasant conversation and reluctantly agrees. Anna then thanks Ben for being so supportive during the last few months when she was under enormous pressure at her job. She tells him she feels closer than ever to him. Then she invites Ben to tell her what makes him feel loved and closer to her. Although Ben is relieved to them there is no crisis, he’s also baffled. “If there isn’t a problem, why do women need to talk about the relationship? If it’s working, let it be.”Could you explain why Ben was reluctant to have a talk with his fiancée?Case 2 ; MistakesGrace is a university student in China, and she has an English conversation class with a Western teacher named Mr. Schmidt. In the class Grace has lots of chances to practice her speaking because Mr. Schmidt often has the students discuss in pairs or small groups. Grace likes all the speaking practice, but she also worries because her friends’English isn’t any better than hers and they cannot correct English mistakes she makes. So Grace also likes to talk directly with Mr. Schmidt when she has the chance.,However, Grace has noticed that even when Mr. Schmidt talks with her in class, he almost never corrects mistakes in her English. This worries her because she is afraid that if he doesn’t correct her mistakes now, the mistakes will become bad habitsthat are hard to break later. So several times after class she has politely asked Mr. Schmidt to be especially careful about correcting errors she makes in English. He has always assured her that he will.&Today, Grace has just made a speech in class, and hopes that Mr. Schmidt will point out some of her errors. However, after her speech, he only comments about the content of what she said. To her surprise, and frustration, he still says nothing about her grammar.Questions:1) Why do you think Mr. Schmidt never corrects Grace’s English mistakes?2) If you were Grace, what would be your response to Mr. Schmidt’s “negligence”?II. Answer the following questions: (50%)“Stereotype”is said to be one of the potential barriers of intercultural communication. What is “stereotype”? Why we take stereotypes as a barrier of intercultural communication?7 ?As we know, a word in one language does not necessarily have a counterpart in the other language; words or terms in both languages appear to refer to the same object or concept only on the surface, but actually refer to quite different things. Explain the cultural differences of the following pairs of words: 龙vs. dragon, 知识分子vs. intellectuals,书vs. book, 狗vs. dog.。
西南大学20年6月[0281]《教学论》机考【答案】
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3.课堂纪律与问题行为常采取哪些管理策略?
答:(1)将一般要求变为课堂秩序和常规。
(2)及时巩固课堂管理制度。
(3)降低课堂焦虑水平
(4)实现行为矫正、开展心理辅导。
4.教学艺术的共性特征有哪些?
答:教学艺术的共性特征有:形象性、情感性、独创性、个性化、实践性。
西南大学培训与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷
学期:2020年春季
课程名称【编号】:教学论【0281】 A卷
考试类别:大作业 满分:100 分
一.名词解释题(每小题3分。共8小题,24分。)
1.研究性学习
2.形成性目标
3.核心课程
4.教学设计
5.导生制
6.课程评价
7.自学辅导模式
8.学科课程
二.简答题(每小题5分。共6小题,30分。)
一.名词解释题
1.研究性学习:研究性学习是一种学生的学习方法。就是以类似科学研究的过程、方法
和形式进行学习。
2.形成性目标:是指对学习者学习过程的全面测评,是对学习者课程学习成果的阶段性考核,是对学习者学习目标的阶段性测试,是课程考核的重要组成部分。
3.核心课程:核心课程是围绕一些重大的社会问题组织教学内容,社会问题就像包裹在教学内容里的果核一样,又被称为问题中心课程。
3.教学评价中要注意量化评价与质性评价相结合。
4.综合课程是为克服分科课程带来的弊端而产生和发展的。
四.论述题(每小题10分。共3小题,30分。)
1.为什么说教学目标具有激发学生学习动力的功能。
2.为什么说教学永远具有教育性。试举某一学科的教学实例来加以说明。
3.与班级教学和个别教学相比,分组教学有什么优点。
西南大学20年6月[0045]《应用文写作》机考【答案】
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5.应用文写作主体的能力包括( )、( )、( )、( )。
二、简答题 (每小题20分,共40分)
1. 请简述公文格式的内容。
2. 请简述党政机关之间的几种关系。
三、写作题(要求从眉首写至版记)(42分)
要求:请湖北省新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情防控指挥部写一份通告。按照通告的用语、格式写作。
三、疫情防控要实行分阶段差异化管理,具体涉及:保障疫情防控、公共事业运行、群众生活、农业生产必须以及其他涉及重要国计民生的企业、金融保险、港口和货运站场、重点产业配套企业、承担国家和省市重大工程和重点企业等。
湖北省新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控指挥部
某年某月某日
另外,在加强交通运输管理、继续延迟学校开学、严格落实各方责任等方面,一一告知清楚的规定。
一、填空题
1、发文年号
2、简报
3、发文机关代字、该年度的发文序号
4、公告
5、观察能力、采集能力、思维能力、表达能力
二、简答题
1、公文一般由秘密等级和保密期限、紧急程度、发文机关标志、发文字号、签发人、标题、主送机关、正文、附件说明、成文日期、印章、附注、附件、主题词、抄送机关、印发机关和印发日期等部分组成,具体分为三部分,一、眉首区、秘密等级和保密期限、紧急程度,发文机关标识、发文字号、签发人;二、主体区:1、公文标题,2、主送机关 3、公文正文;4、附件;5、成文日期,6、公文生效标识或印章;7、附注;8、附件。三、版记区:1、主题词;2、抄送机关;3、印发机关;4、印发时间。
根据《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》湖北省重大突发公共卫生事件I级响应机制等有关规定,希望全省有序推进企业复工复产和人员省内安全流动。需要注意的问题有:全省以县域为单位,划分低、中、高风险区,实施分区分级差异化防控,涉及保障疫情防控、公共事业运行、群众生活、农业生产必需以及其他涉及重要国计民生的企业,金融保险、港口和货运站场、重点产业链配套企业,承担国家、省市重大工程和重点项目的企业等,多个方面推进人员安全有序流动。
西南[0848]高级英语一20年6月机考大作业参考答案
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西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别:网教2020年5月课程名称【编号】:高级英语一【0848】A卷大作业满分:100 分要答案:wangjiaofudaoExercise 1Choose any one of the following passages and then translate it into Chinese. Passage 1 (From Unit 1)Failure is a better teacher than success since success always encourages repetition of old behavior whereas failure can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After twelve years of studying ballet a friend of mine applied to join a professional company. She was turned down. “Would further training help?”she asked. The ballet master shook his head. “You will never be a dancer,”he said. “You haven’t the body for it.”In such cases, the way to use failure is to face the reality (face the music) courageously, asking “What have I left? What else can I do?”My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where she’s both competent and useful.Passage 2 (From Unit 4)!On the positive side, there are a number of things worth recommending, such as the following:0 l1. Ask others about themselves; at the same time, be on guard not to talk too much about yourself.2. Keep you voice modulated. Laugh when moved to do so but avoid raucous laughter, and don’t giggle at your own remarks.:3. Listen to whoever is speaking and make it apparent that you are listening by not letting your eyes wander or your attention be diverted.4. If another person joins the conversation, bring him briefly up to date on what is being discussed and encourage him to join the conversation.5. At dinner parties, break the ice by turning to the person sitting next toyou and asking some question that is calculated to elicit an answer that can then become the subject of conversation. It does not make much difference what you ask if it succeeds in getting other person to speak.Passage 3 (From Unit 15)The race will intensify year by year —with far-reaching impacts on society. Who “owns”the bottom of the ocean and the marine life that covers it? As ocean mining becomes feasible and economically advantageous, we can expect the resource balance among nations to shift. The Japanese already extract 10,000,000 tons of coal each year from underwater mines; tin is already being ocean-mined by Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. Before long nations may go to war over patches of ocean bottom. We may also find sharp changes in the rate of industrialization of what are now resource-poor nations.Exercise 2 Skimming and Scanning (10x3=30);In this part, you are required to go over the passage quickly.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.1. What is the top reason Americans travel in the summertime?A. School is over.B. They think they deserve a rest.C. Summer is the season to travel.D. The weather is great.2. Every year, most companies _______.A. require a business tripB. insist that workers commuteC. have employees travel togetherD. provide a vacation for workers ) M F& M& R# c7 Q& S3. Many Americans treat their pets as _______. :A. their family membersB. very common thingsC. their own propertyD. very usual things4. According to the passage, some fancy hotels could provide for your pets the following EXCEPT _______.A. good accommodationB. some well-served foodC. a soft bedD. delicious Chinese meals5. It’s discovered that interaction with pet animals is good for health as they can help to _______. ' ^( Y0 u6 `4 ~! z5 v* oA. guard against unwelcome visitorsB. catch unwanted miceC. lower blood pressureD. keep company6. Pet can encourage social relationship by _______.A. acting as basic element to American cultureB. providing a subject for chatting 8C. becoming members for the familyD. having a friendly appearance(7. Traditionally, if a young man wants to get married to his girlfriend he is supposed to _______.A. propose to his friend at the right timeB. ask his girlfriend to marry him in a romantic wayC. get the permission of his girlfriend’s motherD. get the permission of his girlfriend’s father8. The counseling during engagement can prepare a couple for ___________.9. During the ceremony the bride usually wears a beautiful, long white wedding dress while the groom wears ___________.10. When the bride and groom begin to exchange their rings, it is a symbol of their ___________.A Few Aspects of American LifeTravelIt’s summertime. For many Americans, this is the season to travel. Why? Because school is over and the weather is great. And most of all, they believe they deserve a break. When Americans take a break, they often head for their favorite vacation spot.Throughout their history, Americans have been people on the move. The early immigrants had to travel to get to the New World. Once they arrived, they settled along the East Coast. But they weren’t content to stay here. Explorers and traders journeyed to the unknown western territories. Later, settlers moved west todevelop new areas. As a result of this west movement, Americans eventually occupied the whole continent—from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Even today, Americans seem unable to stay put. Research says that average American moves every five years.Americans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commuting to work daily. Their jobs may even require them to take frequent business trips. Most companies provide an annual vacation for their employees, and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friend or relatives in distant states. Some go on low-budget weekend trips and stay in economy motels. Those with more expensive tastes choose luxurious hotels. Camping out in the great outdoors appeals to adventurous types. Some travel in recreational vehicles to camp out in comfort, while others “rough it”by sleeping in tents. Families often plan their trips with the kids in mind. More and more “family friendly”hotels offer special programs for children.Americans love pets. Many pet owners treat their pets as a part of the family. You might say Americans treat their pets like they treat their children—sometimes even better.In America, there are more households with pets than those with children. At least 43 percent of US homes have pets of some sort. Usual creatures, such as monkeys, snakes and even wolves, find a home with some Americans. More common pets include fish, mice and birds. But the all-time favorites are cats and dogs, even at the White House. Americans sometimes have strong feelings about whether dogs or cats make better pets. “Dog people”and “cat people”often enjoy friendly competition.Many grocery stores in America sell pet foods. Pets can even accompany their owners on vacation. Fancy hotels are beginning to accommodate both man and animal. Animal guests at Four Seasons Hotels can enjoy delicious meals served on fine china and sleep in soft beds.The average American enjoys having pets around, and for good reason.Researchers have discovered that interacting with animals lowers a person’s blood pressure. Dogs can offer protection from robbers and unwelcome visitors. Cats can help rid the home of unwanted mice. Little creatures of all shapes and sizes can provide friendship and love. In many cases, having a pet prepares a young couple for the responsibilities of parenthood. Pets even encourage social relationships: they give their owners an appearance of friendliness, and they provide a good subject of conversation.Pets are as basic to American culture as hot dogs or apple pie. To Americans, pets are not just property, but a part of the family.Marriage“I do.”To Americans, these two words carry great meaning. They can even change your life, especially if you say them at your own wedding. Making wedding promises is like signing a contract. Now Americans don’t really think marriage is a business deal. But marriage is a serious business.It all begins with engagement. Traditionally, a young man asks the father of his sweetheart for permission to marry her. If the father agrees, the man later proposes to her. Often he tries to surprise her by asking her to marry him in a romantic way.Sometimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married. They may be engaged for weeks, months or even years. As the big approaches, bridal showers and bachelor’s parties provide many gifts. Today many couples also receive counseling during engagement. This prepares them for the challenges of married life.At last it’s time for the wedding. Although most weddings follow long-held traditions, there’s still room for individualism. For example, the usual place for a wedding is in a church. But some people get married outdoors. A few even have the ceremony while skydiving or riding on horseback! The couple may invite hundreds of people or just a few close friends. They choose their own style of colors, decorations and music during the ceremony. But some things rarely change. The bride usuallywears a beautiful, long white wedding dress. She traditionally wears “something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue”. The groom wears a formal suit. Relatives and close friends participate in the ceremony.6 {$ c6 o: V( y& ?As the ceremony begins, the groom stands with the minister, facing the audience. Music signals the entrance of the beautiful bride. Nervously, the young couple repeats their promises. Traditionally, they promise to love each other “for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health”. But sometimes the couple composes their own promises. They give each other a gold ring as a symbol of their marriage promise. Finally the minister announces the big moment: “I now pronounce you man and wife. You may kiss your bride!”Exercise 3 Writing (1x40=40)'Write a composition of about 200 words on any one of the following topicsife without InternetMy Views on Studying AbroadTime and Tide Wait for No ManYou are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state clearly what your view is.)In the second paragraph, support your view with details."In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or suggestion.:Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
西南大学20年6月0006-大作业参考机考【答案】
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答:“四大传说”的总体特征可以概括为时空的广延性、结构的开放性、内涵的多重性、思想的人民性、风骨的民族性五个方面。一般说来,这些特征为民间文学作品所共有,但它们在“四大传说”中却表现得特别强烈和突出,有其它作品所不及处。
3、民间故事的艺术主题。
答:神话传说、传奇故事、生活故事、才子佳人、公案故事、幻想故事、动物故事、世俗故事、民间寓言、民间笑话。
3、民间故事:
答:民间故事是民间文学中的重要门类之一。从广义上讲,民间故事就是劳动人民创作并传播的、具有虚构内容的散文形式的口头文学作品,是所有民间散文作品的统称,有的地方叫"瞎话"、"古话"、"古经"等等。民间故事是从远古时代起就在人们口头流传的一种以奇异的语言和象征的形式讲述人与人之间的种种关系,题材广泛而又充满幻想的叙事体故事。民间故事从生活本身出发,但又并不局限于实际情况以及人们认为真实的和合理范围之内。它们往往包含着自然的、异想天开的成分。
6、民间文学的价值属性。
答:首先,民间文学是一种文艺现象,它是以语言为主要载体形象化地反映客观现实的艺术,是区別于作家文学的一种独特的文学样式。其次,从学科体系来说,民间口头创作是民俗文化的组成部分,民间文艺学士民俗学的一部分。民俗包括物质民俗、社会民俗、精神民俗、语言民俗四大部分呢。民间文学既是文艺现象,又不同于作家文艺,它本身是一种生活文化,是民俗文化的一种。比作家文学同生活有更加密不可分的关系。
西南大学培训与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷
学期:2020年春季
课程名称【编号】:民间文学【0006】 A卷
类别:大作业满分:100分
(考生在答题时,请从下面的四道题中选择三道题,其中一、二题必答,三、四题选择一道作答。要求:字迹工整,表述清楚,语言流畅,看懂题意后再作答。)
西南大学2020年秋季数学分析选讲【0088】机考大作业参考答案
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学期:2020年秋季
课程名称【编号】:数学分析选讲【0088】A卷
考试类别:大作业 满分:100分
一、判断下列命题的正误(每小题2分,共20分)
1.设 为二实数,则 . √
2.函数 为 上的有界函数.√
3. 若数列 收敛,则数列 一定收敛.×
4.设数列 收敛, 发散,则数列 一定发散.√
A ;B ;C ;D
2.设 , ,则极限 (C)
A ; B ; C ; D
3.若 为连续函数,则 ( B ).
A ; B ; C ; D
三、计算题(每小题10分,共50分)
1.求极限 .
2.求极限 .
3.设 ,求 及 .
4.求不定积分 .
5、求定积分 .`
5.若函数 在 处可导,则 在 处连续.√
6.若 在 上连续,则 在 上一定有最大值和最小值.×
7.若函数 在点 处的左、右导数都存在,则 在 处必可导.×
8.若 , ,则 在 内递增.√
9.若 在 上可积,则 在 上也可积. ×
10.若级数 收敛,则 .√
二、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)
1.设 , 则 (D).
四、证明题( 10分)
证明:当 时, .
西南大学20年6月[0002]《英语》机考【答案】
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9、I might write pages on the importance of learning very early in life to stand erect, and decline doing an unworthy act because it is unworthy.
西南大学培训与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷
学期:2020年春季
课程名称【编号】:英语【0002】A卷
考试类别:大作业满分:100分
一、大作业题目
答题须知:1、只需要写题目编号,做要求的题目数量,不要全部做完,以免影响评分;
Part I 英译汉
要求:将下列英语句子翻译成汉语,每题10分,只能任意选作5题,共50分,不要改变题号。
1、The smallest courtesies along the rough roads of life are like the little birds that sing to us all winter long, and make that season of ice and snow more endurable.
First, when we finish washing the clothes, we can use the water to clean the floor.
Second, if we see dripping tap,we ought to fix the the tap as soon as possible.
西南[0848]高级英语一20年6月机考大作业参考答案
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西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别:网教2020年5月课程名称【编号】:高级英语一【0848】A卷大作业满分:100 分要答案:wangjiaofudaoExercise 1Choose any one of the following passages and then translate it into Chinese. Passage 1 (From Unit 1)Failure is a better teacher than success since success always encourages repetition of old behavior whereas failure can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After twelve years of studying ballet a friend of mine applied to join a professional company. She was turned down. “Would further training help?”she asked. The ballet master shook his head. “You will never be a dancer,”he said. “You haven’t the body for it.”In such cases, the way to use failure is to face the reality (face the music) courageously, asking “What have I left? What else can I do?”My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where she’s both competent and useful.Passage 2 (From Unit 4)!On the positive side, there are a number of things worth recommending, such as the following:0 l1. Ask others about themselves; at the same time, be on guard not to talk too much about yourself.2. Keep you voice modulated. Laugh when moved to do so but avoid raucous laughter, and don’t giggle at your own remarks.:3. Listen to whoever is speaking and make it apparent that you are listening by not letting your eyes wander or your attention be diverted.4. If another person joins the conversation, bring him briefly up to date on what is being discussed and encourage him to join the conversation.5. At dinner parties, break the ice by turning to the person sitting next toyou and asking some question that is calculated to elicit an answer that can then become the subject of conversation. It does not make much difference what you ask if it succeeds in getting other person to speak.Passage 3 (From Unit 15)The race will intensify year by year —with far-reaching impacts on society. Who “owns”the bottom of the ocean and the marine life that covers it? As ocean mining becomes feasible and economically advantageous, we can expect the resource balance among nations to shift. The Japanese already extract 10,000,000 tons of coal each year from underwater mines; tin is already being ocean-mined by Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. Before long nations may go to war over patches of ocean bottom. We may also find sharp changes in the rate of industrialization of what are now resource-poor nations.Exercise 2 Skimming and Scanning (10x3=30);In this part, you are required to go over the passage quickly.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.1. What is the top reason Americans travel in the summertime?A. School is over.B. They think they deserve a rest.C. Summer is the season to travel.D. The weather is great.2. Every year, most companies _______.A. require a business tripB. insist that workers commuteC. have employees travel togetherD. provide a vacation for workers ) M F& M& R# c7 Q& S3. Many Americans treat their pets as _______. :A. their family membersB. very common thingsC. their own propertyD. very usual things4. According to the passage, some fancy hotels could provide for your pets the following EXCEPT _______.A. good accommodationB. some well-served foodC. a soft bedD. delicious Chinese meals5. It’s discovered that interaction with pet animals is good for health as they can help to _______. ' ^( Y0 u6 `4 ~! z5 v* oA. guard against unwelcome visitorsB. catch unwanted miceC. lower blood pressureD. keep company6. Pet can encourage social relationship by _______.A. acting as basic element to American cultureB. providing a subject for chatting 8C. becoming members for the familyD. having a friendly appearance(7. Traditionally, if a young man wants to get married to his girlfriend he is supposed to _______.A. propose to his friend at the right timeB. ask his girlfriend to marry him in a romantic wayC. get the permission of his girlfriend’s motherD. get the permission of his girlfriend’s father8. The counseling during engagement can prepare a couple for ___________.9. During the ceremony the bride usually wears a beautiful, long white wedding dress while the groom wears ___________.10. When the bride and groom begin to exchange their rings, it is a symbol of their ___________.A Few Aspects of American LifeTravelIt’s summertime. For many Americans, this is the season to travel. Why? Because school is over and the weather is great. And most of all, they believe they deserve a break. When Americans take a break, they often head for their favorite vacation spot.Throughout their history, Americans have been people on the move. The early immigrants had to travel to get to the New World. Once they arrived, they settled along the East Coast. But they weren’t content to stay here. Explorers and traders journeyed to the unknown western territories. Later, settlers moved west todevelop new areas. As a result of this west movement, Americans eventually occupied the whole continent—from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Even today, Americans seem unable to stay put. Research says that average American moves every five years.Americans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commuting to work daily. Their jobs may even require them to take frequent business trips. Most companies provide an annual vacation for their employees, and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friend or relatives in distant states. Some go on low-budget weekend trips and stay in economy motels. Those with more expensive tastes choose luxurious hotels. Camping out in the great outdoors appeals to adventurous types. Some travel in recreational vehicles to camp out in comfort, while others “rough it”by sleeping in tents. Families often plan their trips with the kids in mind. More and more “family friendly”hotels offer special programs for children.Americans love pets. Many pet owners treat their pets as a part of the family. You might say Americans treat their pets like they treat their children—sometimes even better.In America, there are more households with pets than those with children. At least 43 percent of US homes have pets of some sort. Usual creatures, such as monkeys, snakes and even wolves, find a home with some Americans. More common pets include fish, mice and birds. But the all-time favorites are cats and dogs, even at the White House. Americans sometimes have strong feelings about whether dogs or cats make better pets. “Dog people”and “cat people”often enjoy friendly competition.Many grocery stores in America sell pet foods. Pets can even accompany their owners on vacation. Fancy hotels are beginning to accommodate both man and animal. Animal guests at Four Seasons Hotels can enjoy delicious meals served on fine china and sleep in soft beds.The average American enjoys having pets around, and for good reason.Researchers have discovered that interacting with animals lowers a person’s blood pressure. Dogs can offer protection from robbers and unwelcome visitors. Cats can help rid the home of unwanted mice. Little creatures of all shapes and sizes can provide friendship and love. In many cases, having a pet prepares a young couple for the responsibilities of parenthood. Pets even encourage social relationships: they give their owners an appearance of friendliness, and they provide a good subject of conversation.Pets are as basic to American culture as hot dogs or apple pie. To Americans, pets are not just property, but a part of the family.Marriage“I do.”To Americans, these two words carry great meaning. They can even change your life, especially if you say them at your own wedding. Making wedding promises is like signing a contract. Now Americans don’t really think marriage is a business deal. But marriage is a serious business.It all begins with engagement. Traditionally, a young man asks the father of his sweetheart for permission to marry her. If the father agrees, the man later proposes to her. Often he tries to surprise her by asking her to marry him in a romantic way.Sometimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married. They may be engaged for weeks, months or even years. As the big approaches, bridal showers and bachelor’s parties provide many gifts. Today many couples also receive counseling during engagement. This prepares them for the challenges of married life.At last it’s time for the wedding. Although most weddings follow long-held traditions, there’s still room for individualism. For example, the usual place for a wedding is in a church. But some people get married outdoors. A few even have the ceremony while skydiving or riding on horseback! The couple may invite hundreds of people or just a few close friends. They choose their own style of colors, decorations and music during the ceremony. But some things rarely change. The bride usuallywears a beautiful, long white wedding dress. She traditionally wears “something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue”. The groom wears a formal suit. Relatives and close friends participate in the ceremony.6 {$ c6 o: V( y& ?As the ceremony begins, the groom stands with the minister, facing the audience. Music signals the entrance of the beautiful bride. Nervously, the young couple repeats their promises. Traditionally, they promise to love each other “for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health”. But sometimes the couple composes their own promises. They give each other a gold ring as a symbol of their marriage promise. Finally the minister announces the big moment: “I now pronounce you man and wife. You may kiss your bride!”Exercise 3 Writing (1x40=40)'Write a composition of about 200 words on any one of the following topicsife without InternetMy Views on Studying AbroadTime and Tide Wait for No ManYou are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state clearly what your view is.)In the second paragraph, support your view with details."In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or suggestion.:Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
西南[0850]《高级听力》20年6月机考大作业参考答案
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西南[0850]《高级听力》20年6月机考大作业参考答案西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别:网教2020年5月课程名称【编号】:《高级听力》【0850】A卷大作业满分:100 分要答案:wangjiaofudaoPart 1 (12小题,每题5分,共60 Points)Directions: In this section, you will hear some short conversations. At the end of each conversation, one question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which the best answer is.1.A. She has never heard of it before.! J6 \2 |3 o. oB. She thinks it is something impossible.C. She will not believe it until she has tried it.D. She believes it because it worked on her sister.2.A. To get a lot more exercise.B. To protect the environment.C. To keep fit by walking a long way.D. To encourage others to reduce pollution.3.A. Spend time cooking.B. Read books in the sun.C. Finish their cleaning work.D. Go out to enjoy the sunshine.7 `.4.A. It's too bad that she has lost her job..B. It's too bad that she doesn't like her job.C. It's good that she can move on to a new job.D. It's good that she can treat the situation so positively.A. She feels sad about her health.B. She has stopped eating junk food.C. She has lost some weight recently.D. She feels sad about her dog's death.6.A. He has many other better choices.B. He has an excellent place to go to.C. He has heard something shocking.D. He has to spend more time studying.7.A. She remained calm and called for help.B. She managed to control the fire by herself.C. She was scared and burned down the house.D. She asked her neighbor to call the fire department.8.A. Find a good job..B. Make a plan laterC. Assist Prof. Brown.D. Travel the whole summer.9.A. Ask Jerry to apply for the job.B. Ask Jerry to give him a chance.C. Ask Jerry how to become an engineer.D. Ask Jerry about the possibility of success.10.A. The picnic has been canceled.B. Casual clothes will be appropriate.C. The weather will probably be cool.D. The woman should go to school first.:11.A. Join him in running.B. Get energy from studyC. Spend more time studying.D. Stay up a bit late into night12.A. Because she had finished her meal 15 minutes ago.;B. Because she had been waiting for her meal for two hours.C. Because she thought she had spent too much time in the restaurant.D. Because she realized she had to meet someone from her home countryPart 2 (8 小题,每题5分,共40 Points).Directions: In this section, you'll hear some short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the passage you have just heard.1.A. Most of them hold their babies on the left.B. Most of them hold their babies on the rightC. Left-handed women tend to hold the babies on the right., };D. Right-handed women tend to hold the babies on the right.-2.A. People prefer to hold something in times of stress.B. Dental patients always hold objects on their left side.C. Dental patients mostly hold the ball on their right side.'D. People hold an object on the left side when under stress.3.A. Crying more.'B. Smiling more.C. Growing faster.D. Becoming more confident.4.A. To find out women's habits of holding their shopping packages.B. To find out which side women prefer to hold their babies and why.C. To find out differences between left-handed and right-handed mothers.D. To find out how many women let their babies hear heartbeats and why.Passage TwoQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the passage you have just heard.5.A. Chinese is the hardest language to learn.B. English is the easiest language in the world.C. Every language has both easy and hard aspects.D. Every language seems easy to its native speakers6.A. The language doesn't have four tones.B. The language doesn't have verb tense.C. The language is simple in its writing system.D. The language is similar to one's mother tongue.7.A. Because English has simple grammatical rules.B. Because English has an easy writing system.C. Because English has a clear spelling system.D. Because English has a small vocabulary.8.A. Language equals to culture.B. No language is easy to master.C. Language has a complex system.D. No language is difficult to learn.。
[0870]论文写作20年6月西南机考参考答案
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西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别:网教课程名称【编号】:论文写作【0870】A卷大作业满分:100 分要答案:wangjiaofudao一、简答题(共2个小题,20分,每题10分)简述本科毕业论文选题时,应充分考虑哪些主客观条件。
简要列出毕业论文摘要的主要组成部分,如研究对象等。
二、判断下列说法是否正确,正确的填T,错误的填F (共6个小题,18分,每小题3分)毕业论文的目录需要独立成页,包括论文章节标题,按层级编号。
( )学位论文可以只是个人的思考和经验总结,无需借鉴他人研究成果。
()对引文有内容上和形式上的双重要求。
引用对象应该是权威人物的、有代表性的观点。
()学位论文的文献综述应该尽量全面,概括出研究问题的研究历史和现状。
()学位论文的参考文献里只需列出作者、书名和出版时间即可。
()“论中学生英语学习的心理障碍”与“论中学生英语阅读理解的心理障碍”相比,前者比后者的论证范围更大,更适合作为本科学位论文选题。
()三、材料综合题(共6个小题,62分)材料A:国内一篇学术期刊文章正文的节选;阅后完成以下任务:1、排序填空题(9分)论文摘要(提要)是论文的缩影,摘要通常由主题句、主体句、结束句构成(参阅教材p.95-98)。
请将以下三句话重新排序,以形成材料A一文的合理摘要。
重新排列后的顺序为。
2、填空(3分)根据材料A一文的标题和提要,该文的关键词应该是“语言生态”、“语言规划”、“”和“大数据”。
材料B:材料B是材料A《大数据时代语言生态研究》一文参考文献的节选-阅后完成以下任务:3、排序填空题(15分)将材料B中的5个参考文献条目按照作者姓名的字母顺序整理先后顺序,注意处理多个文献涉及到同一作者的特殊情况。
重新排列后的顺序为。
4、选择填空题(6分)在材料A第2节“语言生态观”的第一段中,作者有两处引用了他人的观点,并且随文注释了出处,请指出这两处文献在材料B中对应的条目序号分别是和。
0288《艺术概论》西南大学2020年春季作业参考答案.docx
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西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程代码:0288学年学季:20201单项选择题1、传统戏剧作品的结构是四分法,它不包括. 起2、()美妙精致的结构,不仅精确刻画了遗传分子的结构与复制规律,而且也体现了科学意义上的美和真的统一。
. 厘I DNA. 门原子. 电磁波. * |量子3、喜剧根据描写的对象和手法不同,包含以下哪种. 英雄喜剧. 社会喜剧. 命运喜剧. 欢乐喜剧4、影视艺术的审美特征不包括纪实性厂时空自由性. 综合性. 画面动态性5、中国的六大剧种有. 川剧. 京剧. 汉剧. 秦腔6、浪漫主义音乐的代表人有. 贝多芬. 肖邦. 海顿. 达芬奇7、雕塑按照表现手法和形式不同,可以分为圆雕、透雕和(). 石雕. 玉雕. 彩雕. 浮雕8、元代杂剧有. 《桃花扇》. 《牡丹亭》. 《汉宫秋》•■涝《长生殿》9、19世纪法国的雕塑不包括. 《维纳斯》像E. 《思想者》. 《马赛曲》. 《地狱之门》10、《欢乐颂》是贝多芬所作的第几交响曲? .k:五11、篆书不包括. 小篆. 楷书. 匚「金文. 甲骨文12、艺术的首要功能是. 审美. 认识. 感受. 启蒙13、以下不属于著名舞曲的是《七盘舞》. 《霓裳羽衣舞》. 《小苹果》溺14、下面不属于芭蕾舞蹈的是. B.睡美人. 吉赛尔. 春江花月夜. 天鹅湖15、悲剧根据题材范围可以分为英雄悲剧、命运悲剧、性格悲剧和(). 社会悲剧. 讽刺悲剧. 幽默悲剧. 荒诞悲剧16、戏曲一般分为. 生、旦、净、美. 生、旦、净、丑. 生、旦、丑、念. 念、旦、净、丑17、视觉艺术是艺术的一大门类,一般包括建筑、绘画、雕塑、摄影、工艺美术、工业设计、书法、篆刻等门类,最重要的特性是. 色彩性《九哥》. 视觉直观性. 非理性. 理性18、戏曲艺术的表演核心不包括. 念. 唱. 做. ◎跳&19、意境美是书法家思想情感和修养的流露,书法意境美的创造不包括(). 诗情. 虚实相成. 神采. 韵趣20、捕捉灵感的条件不包括. 灵感的酝酿期. 灵感的激发和捕捉. 灵感的加工. 灵感的整合’必21、下面不属于文艺复兴时期的雕塑作品是. A.《摩西》. 《大卫》. 《掷铁饼者》《哀悼基督》22、下列不属于印象主义派的画家是. C.塞尚. 马蒂斯. 雷诺阿. 毕莎罗23、标志着美学作为一门独立学科正式建立的美学著作是. 鲍姆加通《美学》. 黑格尔《美学》. 维柯《新科学》. 柏拉图《大希庇阿斯篇》24、最为流行的生活舞蹈不包括. 习俗舞蹈. 宗教舞蹈. 艺术舞蹈. 交际舞25、在意象生成过程中起着巨大作用的是. 理智和情感. 意向和想象. 意象和知觉. 体验和感受26、舞蹈的表演形式不包括r. 双人舞. 蒙古舞. 独舞. 群舞27、下面哪位书法家不是写行书. 苏东坡. 张旭. 颜真卿. 王羲之28、小说根据题材的不同,可以分为神话小说、传奇小说、历史小说、言情小说和()等。
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西南大学培训与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷学期:2020年春季
课程名称【编号】:艺术概论【0288】 A卷
考试类别:大作业满分:100 分
请在1-3题和4-5题中各选一道题作答。
1.艺术意蕴有哪些特点?(40分)
答:艺术意蕴是指深藏2113在艺术作品中内在的含义或意味,常常5261具有多义性、模糊性和朦胧4102性,体现为一1653种哲理、诗情或神韵,经常是只可意会,不可言传,需要欣赏者反复领会、细心感悟,用全部心灵去探究和领悟。
艺术意蕴的理解,我们可以从以下几个方面来加以认识:
第一,艺术意蕴从一定意义上来讲。
就是艺术作品蕴藏的文化涵义和人文精神。
第二,艺术意蕴就是指艺术作品应当在有限中体现出无限,在偶然中蕴藏着必然。
第三,艺术作品中的这种深层意蕴,有时由于具有多义性和模糊性。
第四,艺术作品中的这种意蕴,并不完全是由艺术形象体现出来的主题思想。
第五,并非所有的艺术作品都是艺术意蕴。
2.什么是形象思维、抽象思维和灵感思维?(40分)
答:形象思维与抽象思维、灵感思维:关于形象思维,文艺界和学术界至今仍有各种不同的看法。
我们认为,形象思维是人类能动地认识和反映世界的基本形式之一,也是艺术创作的主要思维方式。
通过抽象思维同形象思维的比较。
我们可以更清楚地看出它们二者各自的特点。
抽象思维是运用一定的概念来进行判断、推理和论证的一种思维形式。
而形象思维则是运用一定的形象来感知、把握和认识事物,也就是通过具体、感性的形象来达到对事物本质规律认识的一种思维形式。
所谓灵感思维,是指在创造活动中,人的大脑皮质高度兴奋时的一种特殊的心理状态和思维形式,它是在一定的抽象忠维或形象思维的基础上,突如其来地产生出新概念或新意象的顿悟式思维形式。
3.艺术鉴赏力的培养与提高。
(40分)
4.请从审美的角度分析《老鼠嫁女》这个剪纸作品。
(60分)
5.《十面埋伏》是我国著名的琵琶大曲,请你从审美的角度对这首古曲进行分析。
(60分)答:琵琶是我国历史悠久的民族乐器,也是最富特点的民族弹拨乐器之一,有着丰富的演奏技巧和独特的表现力。
《十面埋伏》是一首经典的琵琶古曲,具有较强的思想性和艺术性,是传统琵琶曲中的代表作品,也是中国音乐宝库中的一份珍贵遗产。
《十面埋伏》又名《阳平楚》,其曲谱最早见于清代华秋平编译的《华秋平琵琶谱》。
乐曲壮丽辉煌,风格雄伟奇特,生动地描绘了“楚汉之争”的故事情节,着力刻画了得胜之师的威武雄姿。
琵琶武曲常用的演奏技法有扫弦、快夹扫、煞音、绞弦、满轮等。
《十面埋伏》由三部分组成。
第一部分为列营、吹打、点将、排阵、走队,主要描述汉军大战前的准备,着重表现威武雄壮的汉军阵容;第二部分为埋伏、鸡鸣山小战、九里山大战、呐喊,是全曲的中心部分,形象地描绘了楚汉两军殊死决战的激烈情景;第三部分为项王败阵。
为了突出全曲的气势,《十面埋伏》在引子一开始就运用了“轮拂”手法,并做了欲强先弱、欲放先收的艺术处理。
第一部分
“列营”,节奏自由而富于变化。
从模拟鼓声的手法开始,一幅战鼓雷鸣、刀光剑影的古代战争画面便展现在了听众面前,给人以震撼之感。
乐曲采用“半拂轮”技巧,由慢及快、连续不断、铿锵有力的节奏犹如扣人心弦的战鼓声,立刻将听众带到了空旷的原野和安营扎寨的战争前奏中,其节奏自由,力度最强。
其中的“轮”仅一带而过,着重强调的是“拂”。
力点集中,手势自然,声音洪亮。
在这一段中,用拍、弹面板模拟炮火的轰鸣声。
“扫拂轮”中的“拂”也是一带而过,着力突出的是强烈的“扫”,随后的“轮”给人以威武壮烈之感。
在演奏时,右手要放松,将力量全放下来、沉下去,这样才能呈现出战争场面的气势,使听众一下子紧张起来,屏住呼吸,进入壮丽的古代战场。
“吹打”,全曲中唯一的旋律性较强、抒情气息浓郁的段落。
它运用了琵琶的长音轮指奏法,模拟了古代吹管乐器演奏的行进曲音调,音乐表现极像古代行军时笙管齐鸣的壮丽场面,刻画了汉军浩浩荡荡、由远而近、阔步前进的形象。
本段分三个层次:第一层次以“长轮”为主,第一拍要重点挑一下,速度不要太快,主要表现大将威风凛凛出营的场面;第二层次运用“勾轮”技法,右手放松,力量下放,速度比上一层次稍快,主要表现副将们出帐的画面;第三层次运用“拂轮”技巧,力度更强,速度又比上一层次稍快,主要表现士兵们出征的场景。
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