20春华师《西方语言学史》在线作业1

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华中师范大学网络教育英美文学史作业答案

I.Choose the right answer.1.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance? （D）A. Rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B. Attempt to remove the old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe.C. Exaltation of man‟s pursuit of happiness in his life, and tolerance of man‟s foibles.D. Praise of man‟s efforts in soul delivery and personal salvation.2. It is ___ alone who, for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.(B)A. Edmund SpenserB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. William ShakespeareD. John Donne3.The following belong to the characteristics of ‟metaphysical poetry‟ re presented by ‟John Donne‟ except___.(D)A. ConceitsB. Actual imagery and simple dictionC. Argumentative formD. Elegant style4. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from____. (C)A. Greek MythologyB. Roman legendC. The Old TestamentD. The New Testament5. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare‟s most popular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a …philosophical exploration‟ of life and death.(B )A. The Mer chant of VeniceB. HamletC. King LearD.The Winter‟s Tale6. It was ___and ___ the two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature. (B)A. Anglos/ SaxonsB. Normans/ Anglo-SaxonsC. Romans/ NormansD. Greeks/ Romans7. Marlow‟s greatest achievement is that he perfected the ‟blank verse‟, and he is regarded as ‟the pioneer of English drama‟, which of the following is not written by him? (D)A. TamburlaineB. The Jew of MaltaC. The Passionate to His LoveD. The Sun Rising8. ____Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose. (B)A. John Milton‟sB. Francis Bacon‟sC. Montaigne‟sD. Thomas Gray‟s9. _____Wa s known as “the poets‟ poet”.(B)A. William ShakespeareB. Edmund SpenserC. John DonneD. John MiltonII.Answer the following questions briefly.1)What is Chaucer's contribution to English language?Chaucer‟s language is vivid and exact. His verse is smooth. His words are easy to understand. He introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which was later called the “heroic couplet” to English poetry. Though drawing influence from French, Italian and Latin models, he is the first important poet to write in the current English language. Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the foundation for modern English language.2)What was the English Renaissance?The English Renaissance was an intellectual movement or rebirth of letters. There Were two striking features. The first was the revived interest in classical literature. People were thirsty for works of Greek and Latin. Another feature was humanism. People began to see themselves as important beings, not only living for God and a future world. Interest in beauty and achievement rose. This was the outlook promising world opening to them. They believed in their strength. They expected the promising world opening to them. They believed that they could make the world according to their desires.3) What are the periods of Shakespeare’s dramatic composition? And what are their respective features?Three periods: . Period of historical plays and comedies. This period is characterized by happiness and optimism. This period can be further put into two phases: the phase of apprenticeship and the phase of maturation. 2. Period of tragedies. This period is characterized by gloom. 3. Period of romances or tragic-comedies. This period is characterized by reconciliation.。

西方语言学试题及答案

西方语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 文学作品B. 语言C. 社会现象D. 历史事件答案：B2. 以下哪个选项不属于语言学的分支学科？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 心理学D. 语义学答案：C3. 语言学研究的基本原则是什么？A. 描述性B. 规范性C. 历史性D. 以上都是答案：A4. 索绪尔是哪种语言学理论的代表人物？A. 历史语言学B. 结构主义语言学C. 形式语言学D. 功能语言学答案：B5. 以下哪个术语与“语言变化”无关？A. 语言演变B. 语言借用C. 语言死亡D. 语言创造答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学中，“______”是指语言的最小意义单位。

答案：语素2. 根据乔姆斯基的理论，人类天生具有一种语言能力，这种能力被称为“______”。

答案：语言习得装置3. 在语言学中，“______”是指语言的发音方式。

答案：音位4. “______”是指语言在特定社会和文化背景下的使用。

答案：语用学5. “______”是指语言的语法结构。

答案：句法三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述语言学的主要研究方法。

答案：语言学的主要研究方法包括观察法、实验法、调查法、比较法和历史比较法等。

2. 描述一下什么是语言的双重性。

答案：语言的双重性指的是语言同时具有形式和内容两个方面，形式指的是语言的声音、文字等物理实体，内容指的是语言的意义。

3. 解释一下什么是语言的变异。

答案：语言的变异指的是语言在不同地区、不同社会群体或不同时间点上所表现出来的差异。

四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. 论述语言和文化之间的关系。

答案：语言和文化是相互影响、相互塑造的。

语言不仅是文化的载体，也是文化的重要组成部分。

文化通过语言得以传承和发展，而语言的多样性和丰富性也反映了文化的多样性。

2. 论述乔姆斯基的生成语法理论对现代语言学的影响。

华师《西方语言学史》在线作业一.BBC7E5D2-20AA-4F95

华师《西方语言学史》在线作业一以下索绪尔关于共时语言学和历时语言学二者的表述错误的是（）？A:共时语言学并不是研究同时存在的一切语言现象，而是研究一种语言中的全部共存现象。

B:历时语言学所研究的对象不一定仅仅属于一种语言，可以同时属于几种语言。

C:共时语言学事实，不论哪种事实，只能表明一种规律性，但绝不是强制性。

相反，历时语言学事实，强加在语言身上，但绝不带普遍性。

D:共时语言学和历时语言学是指两大类成分，不是两种研究语言的方法。

答案：D乔姆斯基认为研究语言能力就是为了建立一种反应语言能力的（），不以具体语言的描写为归宿，而是以具体语言为出发点，探索出语言的普遍规律，最终弄清人的认知系统、思维规律和人的本质属性。

A:生成语法B:认知语法C:构式语法D:行为语法答案：A以下关于语言和言语的关系表述错误的是（）。

A:语言是一种语法系统，潜伏在人的大脑之中，言语是语言的运用，是语言的具体表现。

B:语言存在与人的大脑中不完整，只有在一个社会群体才是完整的，言语必须是一个人一个人的运用。

C:言语是总体，语言从属于言语。

D:言既是言语的工具，也是言语的产物。

答案：C以下说法生成语法表述错误的是（）。

A:乔姆斯基认为研究语言能力就是为了建立一种反应语言能力的生成语法。

B:生成语法不是说话过程的模式，而是语言能力的模式，是对语言能力做出的形式化的描写，用一套公式将其内容表达出来。

C:生成语法不以具体语言的描写为归宿，而是以具体语言为出发点，探索出语言的普遍规律，最终弄清人的认知系统、思维规律和人的本质属性。

D:生成语法的创建人是索绪尔。

答案：D公元前二世纪，罗马最著名的语法学家是瓦罗，把语言研究分为三大类，不包括（）。

A:语音学B:词源学。

华师《西方语言学史》在线作业一.0CE3B297-8508-4A32

华师《西方语言学史》在线作业一
（）（isolating languages）：一个词代表一个意思
A:孤立语
B:黏着语
C:屈折语
D:多式插编语
答案：A
以下说法错误的是（）。

A:公元前600—前300年，语言学有三个中心：中国、罗马、希腊。

B:8世纪后，阿拉伯语言学勃然兴起，那是较为后起的流派，并且受到希腊和印度语言学的影响。

C:19世纪以来的西方语言学，主要是希腊语言学的继续和发展，在某些方面是古代印度语言学乃至阿拉伯语言学的继承和发展。

D:从公元前四、五世纪到十八世纪末长达两千多年中，人们对语言研究所作出的主要贡献，即所谓的传统语法阶段。

答案：A
普利森普利森的（）共十八卷，是整个中古时期语法界的经典。

A:《首篇语法专论》
B:《语法惯例》
C:《语言科学》
D:《论拉丁语》
答案：B
美国语言学上的代表人物不包括（）。

A:索绪尔
B:博厄斯
C:萨丕尔
D:布龙菲尔德
答案：A
以下关于语言和言语的关系表述错误的是（）。

A:语言是一种语法系统，潜伏在人的大脑之中，言语是语言的运用，是语言的具体表现。

B:语言存在与人的大脑中不完整，只有在一个社会群体才是完整的，言语必须是一个人一个人的运用。

C:言语是总体，语言从属于言语。

D:言既是言语的工具，也是言语的产物。

[答案][华中师范大学]2020秋《外国文学》在线作业

1.阿里斯托芬在《鸟》中描绘的理想社会是()。

[答案：D]A.理想国B.黄金国C.乌托邦D.云中鹁鸪国2.()在中世纪欧洲文学史上长期占据统治地位，其文学题材大多取材于《圣经》。

[答案：A]A.教会文学B.骑士文学C.城市文学D.英雄史诗3.《神曲》中，带领但丁游历了地狱和炼狱的人物是()。

[答案：B]A.贝娅特丽丝B.维吉尔C.贺拉斯D.尤里西斯4.“墓园诗派”是()感伤主义在诗歌领域里的代表，由格雷的《墓园挽歌》得名。

[答案：B]A.法国B.英国C.德国D.美国5.《奥德赛》中，()是木马计的设计者。

[答案：C]A.阿喀琉斯B.赫克托耳C.俄底修斯D.罗兰6.欧洲最早的流浪汉小说是西班牙的()，它对欧洲小说的发展有深远的影响。

[答案：D]A.《堂吉诃德》B.《鲁滨孙漂流记》C.《吉尔·布拉斯》D.《小癞子》7.欧洲文艺复兴的发源地是()。

[答案：A]A.意大利B.法国C.西班牙D.英国8.不属于荷马史诗塑造的英雄形象有()。

[答案：D]A.阿喀琉斯B.赫克托耳C.俄底修斯D.罗兰9.欧洲历史小说的创始人是()。

[答案：D]A.塞万提斯B.雨果C.菲尔丁D.司各特10.恩格斯称()为“德国第一部有政治倾向的戏剧”。

[答案：C]A.《爱米莉亚·迦洛蒂》B.《萨拉·萨姆逊小姐》C.《阴谋与爱情》D.《智者纳旦》11.古典主义文学以()成就最大。

[答案：D]A.英国B.德国C.西班牙D.法国12.对希腊神话的艺术特征表述不正确的是()。

[答案：D]A.想象力极强B.故事性极强C.哲理性极强D.政论性极强13.斯威夫特是英国杰出的讽刺作家，其代表是()。

[答案：D]A.《浮士德》B.《鲁滨逊飘流记》C.《少年维特的烦恼》D.《格列佛游记》14.()被高尔基誉为“现实主义小说的创始者”。

[答案：C]A.笛福B.理查生C.菲尔丁D.斯威夫特15.()最早搜集、研究古典著作，开创了研究古典文化的新风，因而被史学家认为是第一个人文主义者。

华中师范大学20世纪西方文学期末考试高分题库全集含答案

155222--华中师范大学20世纪西方文学期末备考题库155222奥鹏期末考试题库合集单选题：（1）20世纪50年代在美国出现的文学流派中,( )自称是“神圣的野蛮人”,在艺术上力求突破各类文学体裁的限制,否定一切。

A.存在主义B.荒诞派C.新小说D.垮掉的一代正确答案：D（2）中短篇小说《一个陌生女人的来信》是( )的作品。

A.亨利希·曼B.托马斯·曼C.茨威格D.杰克·伦敦正确答案：C（3）以下哪部作品不是劳伦斯的?( )A.《吉姆爷》B.《儿子与情人》C.《虹》D.《查泰莱夫人的情人》正确答案：A（4）以下不是中国的象征主义代表诗人的是( )。

A.李金发B.徐志摩C.王独清D.戴望舒正确答案：B（5）( )描写了1904.6.16早晨8点到第二天凌晨2点45分将近19个小时中3个都柏林人布卢坶·奥德修斯、斯蒂芬·帖雷马科、玛莉恩·潘奈洛佩的生活,表现了寻找失落的精神家园的主题。

A.《都柏林人》B.《青年艺术家的肖像》C.《尤利西斯》D.《芬尼根们守灵》正确答案：C（6）( )是20世纪60年代美国文坛出现的一种现代主义小说流派,又称为“荒诞小说”、“黑色喜剧”、“绝望的喜剧”等。

A.存在主义B.意识流C.垮掉的一代D.黑色幽默正确答案：D（7）以下作品出自罗曼·罗兰的是( )。

A.《企鹅岛》B.《蝮蛇结》C.《约翰克里斯托夫》D.《伪币制造者》正确答案：C（8）纪德1947年获诺贝尔文学奖,代表作是( )。

A.《企鹅岛》B.《蝮蛇结》C.《约翰克里斯托夫》D.《伪币制造者》正确答案：D（9）托马斯·曼的代表作是被誉为德国资产阶级的“一部灵魂史”的长篇小说( ),被看作德国19世纪后半期社会发展的艺术缩影。

A.《布登勃洛克一家》B.《特里斯坦》C.《沉重的时刻》D.《威尼斯之死》正确答案：A（10）20世纪西方文学具体分为两个部分,即( )。

华师《20世纪西方文学》在线作业-0004.720004A0-906

华师《20世纪西方文学》在线作业-0004
《苦难的历程》是( )的作品。

A:阿·托尔斯泰
B:肖洛霍夫
C:艾特马托夫
D:高尔基
答案：A
20世纪西方文学具体分为两个部分,即( )。

A:现代主义文学和现实主义文学
B:浪漫主义文学和现实主义文学
C:象征主义文学和表现主义文学
D:魔幻现实主义文学
E:超现实主义文学
答案：A
托马斯·曼的代表作是被誉为德国资产阶级的“一部灵魂史”的长篇小说( ),被看作德国19世纪后半期社会发展的艺术缩影。

A:《布登勃洛克一家》
B:《特里斯坦》
C:《沉重的时刻》
D:《威尼斯之死》
答案：A
( )以创作“揭发黑幕”小说而闻名,代表作《屠场》。

A:杰克·伦敦
B:厄普顿·辛克莱
C:德莱塞
D:辛克莱·刘易斯
答案：B
20世纪50年代在美国出现的文学流派中,( )自称是“神圣的野蛮人”,在艺术上力求突破各类文学体裁的限制,否定一切。

A:存在主义
B:荒诞派
C:新小说
D:垮掉的一代
答案：D。

《英美文学史》练习测试题库答案

华中师范大学网络教育学院《英美文学史》测试题答案1. Write the names of the authors of the following literary works.1. Samuel Richardson2. Henry Fielding3. Richard Brinsley Sheridan4. Samuel Johnson5.Thomas Gray6.William Blake7.Robert Burns8.William Wordsworth9.Samuel Taylor Coleridge10.Robert Southey11.Walter Scott12.William Makepeace Thackeray13.Charlotte Bronte14.Emily Bronte15.George Eliot16.Robert Louis Stevenson17.Oscar Wilde18.John Galsworthy19.Thomas Hardy20.Bernard Shaw21.William Butler Yeats22.David Herbert Lawrence23.Virginia Woolf24.Charles Dickens25.Percy Shelley26.Christopher Marlow27.Jonathan Swift28.Jane Austen29.Henry Fielding30.Thomas Hardy31.William Shakespeare32.George Gordon Byron33.Samuel Taylor Coleridge34.r Edmund Spenser35.Alexander Pope36.Richard Brinsley Sheridan37.George Eliot38.James Joyce39.Poesy John Drydenurence Sterne41.Percy Shelley42)Thomas Jefferson43) Fenimore Cooper44) Washington Irving45) Emerson46) Henry David Thoreau47) Nathaniel Hawthorne48)Herman Melville49)Edgar Allan Poe50) Walt Whitman51)Walt Whitman52)Emily Dickinson53) Robert Frost54) Edgar Allan Poe55) Harriet Beecher Stowe56) William Dean Howells57) Henry James58) Mark Twain59) O. Henry60) Jack London61) Stephen Crane62) Frank Norris63) Theodore Dreiser64) Ezra Pound65) Ezra Pound66) Wallace Stevens67) Carl Sandburg68)T. S. Eliot69) John Steinbeck70) Fitzgerald71) William Faulkner72) Ernest Hemingway73) Eugene O’Neill74) Arthur Miller75) William Faulkner76) T. S. Eliot77) Longfellow78) John Steinbeck79) Mark Twain80)John Doss Passos2. Choose the right answer. 1Answer: D2Answer: B3 Answer: D4. Answer: C6. Answer: B7. Answer: D8. Answer: B9. Answer: B10. Answer: A11. Answer: C12. Answer: C13. Answer: B14. Answer: B15. Answer: B16. Answer: B17. Answer: C18. Answer: B19. Answer: D20. Answer: C21. Answer: B22. Answer: C23. Answer: B24. Answer: B25. Answer: A26. Answer: D27. Answer: A28. Answer: D29. Answer: A30. Answer: B31. Answer: C32. Answer: D33. Answer: B34. Answer: C35. Answer: D36. Answer: C37. Answer: D38. Answer: B39. Answer: A40. Answer: B41. Answer: A42. Answer: A43. Answer: B44. Answer: C45. Answer: B46. Answer: D47. Answer: C48. Answer: A50. Answer: A51. Answer: B52. Answer: A53. Answer: D54. Answer: A55. Answer: D56. Answer: D57Answer: D58. Answer: A59. Answer: A60. Answer: A61. Answer: D62. Answer: C63. Answer: A64. Answer: B65. Answer: A66. Answer: A67. Answer: B68. Answer: C69. Answer: B70. Answer: A71. Answer: D72. Answer: B73. answer: D74. Answer: A75. Answer: B76. Answer: A77. Answer: D78. Answer: D79. Answer: C80 Answer: A3. Answer the following questions briefly.1)What is Chaucer's contribution to English language?Chaucer's language is vivid and exact. His verse is smooth. His words are easy to understand. He introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which was later called the "heroic couplet." Though drawing influence from French, Italian and Latin models, he is the first important poet to write in the current English language. Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the foundation for modern English language.2)What was the English Renaissance?The English Renaissance was an intellectual movement or rebirth of letters. There were two striking features. The first was the revived interest in classical literature. People were thirsty for works of Greek and Latin. Another feature washumanism. People began to see themselves as important beings, not only living for God and a future world. Interest in beauty and achievement rose. This was the outlook of the new bourgeois class. They believed in their strength. They expected the promising world opening to them. They believed that they could make the world according to their desires.3)What are the themes of "Robinson Crusoe"?1) The novel sings high praises of self-reliance. It demonstrates that man can remake the world with his own power. He can rely on himself in difficult situations.2) This novel is also an exhibition of man's capacity. Man has boundless energy. Together with his persistence and strong will power, he can do anything that may seem impossible previously.3) This novel also glorifies human labor. It is labor that saves Robinson Crusoe from despair, and labor is also a source of pride and happiness.In short, Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie at the early stage of its development.4) This novel also touches upon the theme of colonization. Crusoe makes Friday his servant, and he himself master of the island and Friday. This plot is in accordance with the exploitation of the English bourgeois class out of Britain.4)Summarize Shelley's significance in the English literature.Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. Like Blake, he has a reputation as a difficult poet: erudite, imagistically complex, full of classical and mythological allusions. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech which describe vividly what we see and feel, or express what passionately moves us.5) What are the periods of Shakespeare’s dramatic composition? And what are their respective features?Three periods: 1. Period of historical plays and comedies. This period is characterized by happiness and optimism. This period can be further put into two phases: the phase of apprenticeship and the phase of maturation. 2. Period of tragedies. This period is characterized by gloom. 3. Period of romances or tragic-comedies. This period is characterized by reconciliation.6) What are the principles of classicists? Tell three representative classicists in the English literature and their representative works.1) The classicists modeled themselves on Greek and Latin authors, and tried to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. Rimed couplet instead of blank verse, the three unities of time, place and action, regularity in construction, and the presentation of types rather than individuals—these were some of the standards the classicists required of drama. Poetry, following the ancient divisions, should be lyric, epic, didactic, satiric or dramatic, and each class should be guided by some peculiar principles. Prose should be precise, direct and flexible. The English classicists followed these standards in thei r writing. 2) Addison and Steele, “The Tatler,” and “The Spectator.” Alexander Pope, “Essay on Criticism,” and “The Rape of the Lock.”7)Summarize Eliot's influence briefly.The novels of George Eliot mark the beginning of a new stage in the development of English critical realism following that of Dickens and Thackeray. In one respect her work had an advantage over her predecessors. Her characters were not grotesque types, but real, common men and women, whose psychology Eliot revealed very skillfully to the reader. But in other respects her work marks a retrogression. She shifted the center of gravity in the novel from the social problems to the problems of religion and morality. Though aware of the evils of bourgeois society, she did not attack the social system. She believed in the sentimental "religion of humanity", and cherished the illusion that humanity and love could do away with the evils of capitalism.8)Why is Hamlet a representative of humanism?Hamlet is a humanist, a man who is free from medieval prejudices and superstition. He has an unbounded love for the world instead of the heaven. Such love for nature and man is characteristic of the humanists of the Renaissance. Hamlet is also a man of strong moral standards. He loves good and hates evil. He treats everybody as equal. This democratic tendency is based on his humanist thought. His intellectual genius is outstanding. He is a close observer of men and manners. He easily sees through people, so he is always unmasking the world. His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance.9) What are the characteristics of the American writings in the Romantic Period?Most of the American writings in the Romantic Period share the following characteristics: 1) there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature, which include a liking for the picturesque, the exotic, the sensuous, the sensational, and the supernatural. 2) The Americans also placed an increasing emphasis upon the free expression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. Heroes and heroines exhibited extremes of sensitivity and excitement. 3) The strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man was almost a national religion in American. 4) The more colorful aspects of the past are used in the literary works. 5) American Romanticism is derivative and typically American.10) How does “Rip Van Winkle” reveal Washington Irving’s conservative attitude?1) Washington Irving was a conservative and always exalted a disappearing past, which is obvious in “Rip Van Winkle”. Rip went to sleep before the War of Independence and woke up after it. The change that had occurred in the twenty years he slept was to him not always for the better. Instead of feeling happy about the country finally independent from the yoke of British colonial rule, Rip was pleased with his new life chiefly because “he had got his neck out of the yoke of matrimony”.2) The story might be taken as an illustratio n of Irving’s argument that change—and revolution—upset the natural order of things, and of the fact that Irving preferred the past to the present, a dreamlike world to the real one, and never seemed to accept a modern democratic America.11) What is Hawth orne’s writing style?1) As a man of literary craftsmanship, Hawthorne is extraordinary in that the structure and the form of his writing are always carefully worked out to cater of the thematic concern. 2) With his special interest in the psychological aspect of human beings, he is good at exploring the complexity of human psychology. 3) Hawthorne is a great allegorist and almost every story can be read allegorically. 4) Hawthorne is a master of symbolism, which he took from the Puritan tradition and bequeathed to American literature in a revivified form.12) Comment on the language of Whitman’s poems1) Contrary to the rhetoric of traditional poetry, Whitman’s language is relatively simple and even rather crude. 2) An often-used method in Whitman’s poem s if to make colors and images fleet past the mind’s eye of the reader. 3) Another characteristic in Whitman’s language is his strong tendency to use oral English.13) What is Dreiser’s writing style?Dreiser’s contribution to the American literary hist ory is great.1) He broke away from the genteel tradition of literature and dramatized the life in a very realistic way. His style is not polished but very serious and well calculated to achieve the thematic ends he sought. 2) However, his writings appear more inclusive and less selective, and the readers are sometimes burdened with massive detailed descriptions of characters and events. 3) He has been accused of being awkward in sentence structure, inept and occasionally flatly wrong in word selection and meaning, and mixed and disorganized in voice and tone.14) What is the Imagist Movement?1) Flourished from 1909 to 1917 and involved quite a number of British and American writers and poets, Imagist Movement is a movement that advanced modernism in arts which concentrated on reforming the medium of poetry as opposed to Romanticism, especially Tennyson’s worldliness and high-flown language in poetry.2) The Imagist Movement15) What is the basic concern of The Hairy Ape?1)Sister Carrie The play concerns the problem of modern man’s identity. 2) Yank’s sense of belonging nowhere, hence homelessness and rootless, is typical of the mood of isolation and alienation in the early twentieth century in the United States and the whole world as well.16) What is the theme of The Old Man and the Sea?1) A short novel by Hemingway which brought him the Nobel Prize, The Old Man and the Sea is about an old Cuban fisherman Santiago and his losing battle with a giant marlin. 2) In a tragic sense, it is a representation of life and as a struggle against unconquerable natural forces in which only a partial victory is possible. Nevertheless, there is a feeling of great respect for the struggle of mankind.17) Sea adventures are Melville’s favorite subject; "Moby-Dick" is a great novel in the theme, which is also noted for its symbolism, please analyze it in detail.1) About the sea adventure: it symbols the voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe; a spirit exploration into man’s deep re ality and psychology;2) About the boat; it symbols the society, and the crew symbol all kinds of peoplewith different social and ethnic ideas;3) About the white whale: To the author, it symbols nature, it is a complex, unfathomable and beautiful; To the captain Ahab, it is evilness, is a wall. So he will lead all his crew to cut through the wall to dig out all the unknown, mysterious things behind it. To the narrator, Ishmael, it is a mystery.18) Why Modernism is different from Realism?In many aspects, Modernism acts against Realism; 1) Modernism rejects rationalism, while Realism stresses it; 2) Modernism includes internal, subjective, psychological world, while Realism stresses external, objective, and material world;3) Modernism advocates new forms and new techniques, and it casts away all the traditional elements such as: story, character, etc. while Realism stresses it. 4) Modernism works are called anti-novel, anti-poetry, anti-drama etc.4. Answer the following questions in detail.1)What are the general features of Shakespeare's plays?1. Realism & Humanism. Shakespeare is regarded as one of the founders of realism in world literature. His theory of drama is "to hold, as it were, the mirror to nature; to show virtue her own feature, scorn her own image, and the very age and body of the time his form and pressure." This is in agreement with Engels' definition of realism: "Realism implies the truthful reproduction of typical characters under typical circumstances."Humanism is also keynote of Shakespeare's drama. Many of his characters are representatives of Shakespeare's humanistic thoughts. The women characters are such examples. Women in Shakespeare's plays are usually braver and more capable than men characters. They are no longer restrained by the feudal fetters. Falstaff, in "Henry IV," also shows Shakespeare's humanistic belief. Falstaff is fat, old, ugly, gross and guilty of many sins. He is boastful and greedy. He takes bribes. These are included in The Seven Deadly Sins. However, Shakespeare didn't create him as a bad example. On the contrary, his characterization of Falstaff is comic, not criticizing. In fact, it is said that this character was so amusing that Queen Elizabeth asked Shakespeare to write another play imply devoting to Falstaff. From the creation of Falstaff, we can see that Shakespeare is free from the religious constraints. This is an important feature of humanism.Shakespeare's histories also demonstrate hi belief in unity of the country and an ideal king, for example, "Henry IV" and "Henry V." This is also what the English people was expecting after many years' war in the Middle Ages.2. Shakespeare used a lot of adoptions. He borrowed his source materials from a variety of sources: Greek legends, Roman history, Italian stories and English historical records. However, he was always able to put a new meaning on the old stories, thus reflecting the reality of England of his time.3. Shakespeare is a master of drama. He broke the classical rules of three unities, thus caused English drama to flourish.4. Shakespeare is skillful in many poetic forms. He is especially good at sonnets and blank verse.5. Shakespeare is a master of the English language. He used about 16,000 words.Many of his coined words have remained in the English language. Shakespeare and the King James Bible are the two great treasuries of the English language.2)Summarize Byron's chief contribution and significance in the Englishliterature.As a leading Romanticist, Byron's chief contribution is his creation of the "Byronic hero," a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. With immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. The conflict is usually one of rebellious individuals against outworn social systems and conventions. The image of this hero is to some extent modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself, and makes Byron famous both at home and abroad. Byron's poetry was immensely popular at home and also abroad, where it exerted great influence on the Romantic movement. This popularity owes to the author's persistent attacks on "cant political, religious, and moral," to the novelty of his oriental scenery, to the romantic character of the Byronic hero, and to the easy, fluent and natural beauty of his verse. Byron's diction on the whole has a freedom, copiousness and vigor. His descriptions are simple and fresh, and often bring vivid objects before the reader. The glowing imagination also adds to the charm of his poetry.Byron uses Ottva Rima (Octave Stanza) as the form of his poetry.Byron's poetry has great influence on the literature of the whole world. Across Europe, patriots and painters and musicians are all inspired by him. Poets and novelists are profoundly influenced by his work.3) What are the three periods of Yeats’s literary career? Enumerate some representative works at each period.Yeats' literary career can be divided into three periods. During the early years of his literary career, he wrote romantic poetry under the influence of Spenser, Shelley and the Pre-Raphaelites. He also made an intensive study of William Blake whose symbolism and mysticism attracted him very much. His early poems were full of dreams and fairies. The major themes are usually Celtic legends, local folktales, or stories of the heroic age in Irish history. Many of these poems have a dreamy quality with melancholy, passive and self-indulgent feelings. Famous poems composed in this period include "The Lake Isle of Innisfree." Collections of his early poems are: "Crossways" (1899), "The Rose" (1893), and "The Wind Among the Reeds" (1899). The first two decades of the 20th century were Yeats' period of transition, during which he departed from the romanticism of his early period and developed into modernism, influenced by the poetry and criticism of T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound. He also studied the works of John Donne, the 17th century metaphysical poet. By finding a new force, a new dimension, and a new reality to his verse, Yeats began to write with realistic and concrete themes on a variety of subjects, exploring the profound and complicated human problems, such as life, love, politics and religion. With the combination of his appreciation of beauty and a sense of tragedy in life, Yeats gave asignificance to the ordinary events of life in his poetry. The new vigor of his verse is reflected in the precise and concrete imagery, the strong passion and the active verb forms. Through vivid images, rich symbols and controlled rhythms, the meaning of his poems was pressed disturbing home. His style is both simple and rich, colloquial and formal, with a quality of metaphysical wit and symbolic vision, which indicates that Yeats has already been on his way to modernist poetry. His famous poems composed in this period include: "No Second Troy," "September 1913," "Easter 1916" and "The Second Coming."The years 1919-1939 were Yeats' final period of maturity, in which he published many volumes of his representative poems, which include "The Wild Swans at Coole" (1919), "The Tower" (1828), "Sailing to Byzantium." In his late works he deals with the rise and fall of civilization, with eternal beauty in the world of art, with contrast between youth and old age, and with love. He created an elaborate system of symbols of his own in his poems.4) What are the characteristics of Romanticism in English literature? Give examples to illustrate them.English Romantic literature has the following characteristics: 1) sensibility; 2) primitivism; 3) love of nature; 4) mysticism; 5) individualism; 6) sympathetic interest in the past, especially the medieval; 7) against whatever characterized classicism.We can easily find examples of romantic writers whose works have the above features. Generally speaking, all romantic writers focus on the sensibility, especially the natural flow of feelings, rather than the outside world. Many romantic writers sing high praises of nature. Wordsworth is a good example. It’s said that his poetry about nature is his best poetry. A strong interest in nature naturally causes some poets to take a liking to primitive life, to idealize rural life and even to show sympathy for animal life. Goldsmith and Cowper are two examples. Mysticism, and even Gothicism, is another feature. Poets like Keats include mysterious stories in their poems. Some other poets like Percy have a strong interest in the medieval literature, while others like Burns find sources from folk songs or ballads. Individualism is an important feature of romantic literature. Lord Byron’s Don Juan is a remarkable poem in high praise of individualism. On the whole, romanticists are against whatever classicists support. They abandon the heroic couplet in favor of blank verse, the sonnet, the Spenserian stanza and many experimental verse forms. They drop the conventional poetic fiction in favor of fresher language and bolder figures. Typical literary forms of the romantic writers include the lyric, especially the love lyric, the reflective lyric, the nature lyric and the lyric of morbid melancholy and sentimental novel.5) Comment on the similarities and differences of the three dominant figures—William Dean Howells, Henry James and Mark Twain of the Realistic period.The three dominant figures of the Realistic period are William Dean Howells, Henry James and Mark Twain.a. Their similarities:Together they brought to fulfillment native trends in the realistic portrayal of the landscape and social surfaces,brought to perfection the vernacular style, and explored and exploited the literary possibilities of the interior life. They recorded and made permanent the essential life of the eastern third of the continent as it was lived in the last half of the nineteenth century on the vanishing frontier, in the village, the small town, or the turbulent metropolis. They established the literary identity of distinctively American protagonists, specially the vernacular hero and the “American Girl”, the baffled and strained middle-class family, the businessman, and the psychologically complicated citizens of a new international culture. Together, in short, they set the example and charted the future of course for the subjects, themes, techniques and styles of fiction we still call modern.b. Their differencesThough the three prominent writers wrote more or less at the same time, they differed in their understanding of “truth”. While Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the “life” of the Americans, Henry James had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the “inner world” of man. He came to believe that the literary artist should not simply hold a mirror to the surface of social life in particular times and spaces. In addition, the writers should use language to probe the deepest reaches of the psychological and moral nature of human beings. He is a realist of the inner life. Though Mark Twain and Howells both shared the same concern in presenting the truth of the American society, they had each of them different emphasis. Howells focused his discussion on the rising middle class and the way they lived, while Mark Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories. This particular concern about the local character of a region came about as “local colorism”, a unique variation of American literary realism.6) The background of American Modernism1)Social backgroundThe 20th century began with a strong sense of social breakdown. A series of wars fought on the international scene during the first part of the century were to affect the life of Americans and their literary writings. With all these wars the world had undergone a dramatic social change, a transformation from order to disorder. So had the United States. Despite its booming industry and material prosperity, there was a sense of unease and restlessness and underneath.2) Along with the changes in the material landscape came the changes in the non- material system of belief and behavior. The First World War had made a big impact on the life of Americans. In a word, there was a decline in moral standard and the first few decades of the twentieth century was best described as a spiritual wasteland. The First World War brought feelings of fear, loss, disorientation and disillusionment to the Americans.3) Between the mid-19th century and the first decade of the 20th century, there had been a big flush of new theories and new ideas in both social and natural sciences, as well as in the field of are in Europe, which played an indispensable role in bringing about modernism and the modernistic writings in the United States. The implicationsof modern European arts to modern American writings can also be strongly felt in the American literature between the wars, even thereafter.7) What is Hawthorne’s “black” vision of life and human beings?1) Hawthorne’s liter ary world is very disturbed, tormented and problematical because of his “black” vision of life and human beings. He rejected what he saw as the Transcendentalists’ transparent optimism about the potentialities of human nature. Instead he looked more deeply and perhaps more honestly into life, finding it much suffering and conflict but also finding the redeeming power of love. 2) According to him, “There is evil in every human heart”, and a piece of literary work should “show how we are all wronged and wrong ers, and avenge one another”. So in almost every book he wrote, Hawthorne discusses sin and evil. One source of evil Hawthorne is concerned most is over-reaching intellect, which usually refers to someone who is too proud, too sure of himself. The tension between the head and the heart constitutes one of the dramatic moments when the evil of over-reaching intellect would be fully revealed. 3) Hawthorne’s intellectuals are usually villains, dreadful because they are devoid of warmth and feeling. What’s more, they tend to go beyond and violate the natural order by doing something impossible and reaching the ultimate truth, without a sober mind about their own limitations as human beings. Chillingworth, Dr. Rappaccini in “Rappaccini’s daughter” are but a few specimens of Hawthorne’s chilling, cold-blooded human animals.8) Analyze the theory of Theodore Dreiser’naturalism with example.1) His naturalism emphasized heredity and environment as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters that were presented in special and detailed circumstances. At bottom, life was shown to be ironic, even tragic.2) The characters in his books are often subject to the control of the natural forces, especially those of environment and heredity. For example, th e hero Hurstwood’s tragic death showed the theory.3) The effect of Darwinist idea of "survival of the fittest" was shattering. It is not surprising to find in Dreiser’s fiction a world of jungle, where "kill or to be killed" was the law.4) He criticizes materialistic to the core, living in such a society with such a value system, the human individual is obsessed with a never-ending, yet meaningless search for satisfaction of his/her desires. One of the desires is for money which was a motivating purpose of life in the United States in the late 19th century. For example in his masterpiece "Sister Carrie" he traces the material rise of Carrie Meeber, which indicates the critical attitude of the author.5) Sexual beauty symbolizes the acquisition of some social status of great magnitude.9) Take examples to analyze the style and theme of Mark Twain.Mark Twain is a great literary of America, H. L. Mencken considered him "the true father of our national literature".1) Twain’s works like "Adventure of Huckleberry Finn" and "Life on the Mississippi" shaped the views of America and combined American folk humor and serious literature together;。

华师《西方语言学史》在线作业一4AEB3B76-D813

华师《西方语言学史》在线作业一
（）是美国结构主义语言学的奠基人。

A:索绪尔
B:博厄斯
C:萨丕尔
D:布龙菲尔德
答案：D
认知语义学的主要观点：以（）为中心。

A:语音
B:符号
C:意义
D:概念
答案：C
美国语言学上的代表人物不包括（）。

A:索绪尔
B:博厄斯
C:萨丕尔
D:布龙菲尔德
答案：A
（）研究促成了19世纪的比较语言学和历史语言学。

A:古希腊语
B:阿拉伯语
C:拉丁语
D:梵语
答案：D
（）是以文献考证为基础，按时间顺序来叙述一种语言历史。

A:正视法
B:回顾法
C:分析法
D:观察法
答案：A
语言环境不包括（）。

A:社会行为
B:想象启发
C:角色结构
D:符号组织
答案：B
以下说法生成语法表述错误的是（）。

A:乔姆斯基认为研究语言能力就是为了建立一种反应语言能力的生成语法。

B:生成语法不是说话过程的模式，而是语言能力的模式，是对语言能力做出的形式化的描写，用一套公式将其内容表达出来。

C:生成语法不以具体语言的描写为归宿，而是以具体语言为出发点，探索出语言的普遍规律，最终弄清人的认知系统、思维规律和人的本质属性。

D:生成语法的创建人是索绪尔。

答案：D
（）是由个别到一般的论证方法，通过许多个别的事例，或分论点，归纳出他们共有的特性，
得出一个一般性的结论。

华师《西方语言学史》在线作业一.4AEB3B76-D813-492F

华师《西方语言学史》在线作业一（）是美国结构主义语言学的奠基人。

A:索绪尔
B:博厄斯
C:萨丕尔
D:布龙菲尔德
答案：D
认知语义学的主要观点：以（）为中心。

A:语音
B:符号
C:意义
D:概念
答案：C
美国语言学上的代表人物不包括（）。

A:索绪尔
B:博厄斯
C:萨丕尔
D:布龙菲尔德
答案：A
（）研究促成了19世纪的比较语言学和历史语言学。

A:古希腊语
B:阿拉伯语
C:拉丁语
D:梵语
答案：D
（）是以文献考证为基础，按时间顺序来叙述一种语言历史。

A:正视法
B:回顾法
C:分析法
D:观察法
答案：A
语言环境不包括（）。

A:社会行为
B:想象启发。

华师《语言学概论》在线作业1

华师《语言学概论》在线作业
试卷总分:100 得分:100
一、单选题 (共 40 道试题,共 80 分)
1. “他是工人。

”中“他”从语义学上看是（）
A. 义丛
B. 表述
C. 谓词
D. 谓项
满分：2 分
正确答案:D
2. 语言的本质功能是____。

A. 交际功能
B. 认知功能
C. 标志功能
D. 思维功能
满分：2 分
正确答案:A
3. “人有人言，兽有兽语”中的“言”属于____。

A. 语言
B. 言语
C. 言语行为
D. 言语作品
满分：2 分
正确答案:A
4. “衣领”是“衣服”的____。

A. 上义词
B. 下义词
C. 总义词
D. 分义词
满分：2 分
正确答案:D
5. 从古到今，汉语语音系统的简化，导致汉语词汇的双音节化，这反映了语言发展的____。

A. 渐变性
B. 相关性
C. 不平衡性
D. 规律性。

奥鹏作业华师《20世纪西方文学》在线作业-0003

华师《20世纪西方文学》在线作业-0003
1909年,柏林的一批青年诗人组成“新俱乐部”,经常在小剧场、书店、咖啡馆举行诗歌朗诵会,标志着表现主义诗歌在德语国家的崛起。

“新俱乐部”的主要参与者不包括( )。

选项【A】:约翰尼斯·贝歇尔
选项【B】:特弗里德·贝恩
选项【C】:乔治·特拉克尔
选项【D】:马塞尔·普鲁斯特
正确选项：D
中短篇小说《一个陌生女人的来信》是( )的作品。

选项【A】:亨利希·曼
选项【B】:托马斯·曼
选项【C】:茨威格
选项【D】:杰克·伦敦
正确选项：C
( )以创作“揭发黑幕”小说而闻名,代表作《屠场》。

选项【A】:杰克·伦敦
选项【B】:厄普顿·辛克莱
选项【C】:德莱塞
选项【D】:辛克莱·刘易斯
正确选项：B
( )描写了1904.6.16早晨8点到第二天凌晨2点45分将近19个小时中3个都柏林人布卢坶·奥德修斯、斯蒂芬·帖雷马科、玛莉恩·潘奈洛佩的生活,表现了寻找失落的精神家园的主题。

选项【A】:《都柏林人》
选项【B】:《青年艺术家的肖像》
选项【C】:《尤利西斯》
选项【D】:《芬尼根们守灵》
正确选项：C。

华中师范大学智慧树知到“汉语言文学”《20世纪西方文学》网课测试题答案1

华中师范大学智慧树知到“汉语言文学”《20世纪西方文学》网课测试题答案（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.20世纪的西方文学主要表现出两大倾向，即浪漫主义文学和现代派文学。

()A.正确B.错误2.以下属于法国意识流小说的明显特征的是()。

A.主张“作家退出小说B.以“发现个人思想和信仰的真实”，表现人物的意识活动本身C.不注重刻画典型的人物性格，凭借人物的意识来写人D.以“心理时间”作为作品的“精神人物”，不以情节为结构支架3.以下对20世纪现实主义文学的特征描述错误的是()。

A.人道主义和民主主义不再是作家们的重要思想武器B.作家们始终坚持现实主义创作的基本原则C.描写重点的内向性和创作方法上的兼容并蓄D.人物塑造上强调性格的多重性4.以下作家作品对应有误的是()。

A.罗曼·罗兰《伪币制造者》B.亨利希·曼《帝国》三部曲中的第一部《臣仆》C.托马斯·曼《布登勃洛克一家》D.劳伦斯《一个陌生女人的来信》E.杰克·伦敦《马丁·伊登》5.荒原的艺术特色包括()。

A.遵循“思想感性化”(高度形象化)的原则，寻找“客观对应物”B.修改并套用传统作品文句以表达思想C.对照比较传统风范与现实堕落以突出主题D.采用神话结构模式6.非虚构小说的概念是美国小说家海明威在60年代中期提出的。

()A.正确B.错误7.对心理分析小说影响最大的要属弗洛伊德的《精神分析学》，尤其是他提出的“无意识”更是成为心理分析小说关注的焦点。

()A.正确B.错误8.尤利西斯采用了哪些意识流技巧?()A.富有个性的内心独白B.辐射式的意识流C.直接引语、短句D.语言、文体多变9.高尔基的《静静的顿河》是一部描写顿河哥萨克的史诗。

()A.正确B.错误10.后现代诗歌是后现代主义文学的第一个浪潮，其基本特点是()。

A.试验开放的形式、流动的结构、破碎的节奏和诗节B.口语化的语言C.对以上和“叙述”本身进行反思、解构和颠覆D.语言策略的典型表现是“元话语”的消失11.以下对《百年孤独》分析正确的是()。

《中西方语言学史》期末考查作业-推荐下载

《中西方语言学史》期末考查作业-推荐下载《中西方语言学史》期末考查作业一、名词解释1.布拉格学派又称功能-结构语言学派。

1926年，马泰休斯、特鲁别茨科依、雅柯布逊等在布拉格成立布拉格语言学会，标志着该学派的形成。

学会会刊为《布拉格语言学会会刊》，纲领是《语言学现代研究的行动纲领》。

他们把语言看作一种具有合目的性的功能系统，强调共时分析的优先地位，认为语言有多种功能，最突出的贡献是创立了音位学。

2.哥本哈根学派又称丹麦学派，语符学派。

创立于1931年，以哥本哈根语言学会成立为标志，代表人物为叶姆斯列夫、乌尔达尔和布龙达尔，会刊为《语言学学报》。

该学派继承了索绪尔符号系统的思想，从形式和实体方面来分析语言，认为语言只是形式不是实体，语言形式即语言单位之间的关系，包括依存关系、决定关系和并存关系；提出了表达平面和内容平面的两个平面理论，提倡演绎分析法，试图建立一个严密的语符学理论体系。

叶尔姆斯列夫逝世以后，该学派逐渐衰落。

3.萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说又称“语言相对论”，是由萨丕尔提出，经他的学生沃尔夫论证和发展的一种语言决定论的世界观。

假说提出了语言模式和思维模式相关的论题，认为语言结构决定思维方式，语言不同，思维也不同，对世界的看法也不同；语言决定着一个民族的思维方式和文化。

该假说错误地夸大了语言对思维的影响，具有一定的局限性。

4.伦敦语言学派是指以长期在伦敦大学任教的语言学教授弗斯为首形成的语言学派。

该学派注重语言出现的情境，从社会学的角度研究语言。

马林诺夫斯基的“情景意义”思想是学派的思想源泉；弗斯的情景语境理论是学派存在的理论基础；韩礼德的系统·功能语法理论是该学派语言学思想的发展。

5. 乔姆斯基革命1957年，美国语言学家乔姆斯基出版了《句法结构》一书，提出了转换生成语法理论。

该理论以理性主义为哲学基础，采用演绎法和形式化表达手段，研究语言现象，探索语言普遍规律和普遍语法，试图解释人的语言能力，将语言学从社会科学领域引入到了自然科学领域，全面挑战了当时美国流行的结构主义语言学，改变了人们对待语言的传统看法和观念，为语言研究开辟了全新的方向。