研究生英语课文翻译paraphrase
《研究生英语教程》课文翻译
《研究生英语教程》课文翻译一单元“十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道：“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。
”要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。
海面上几艘游艇张着乳白色的风帆优雅地避开浪头蜿蜓前进。
山崖下面，一群海鸥相互叫唤着，在海面上盘旋飞翔。
离岸一英里处，在海浪贪婪地吮舔着的岩岸上，那座古老的灯塔矗立在一座石头平台上。
说实话，我毫不吝惜那几个钱。
当我把望远镜转朝灯塔时，站在我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。
“您听过在那座灯塔里发生的一起骇人听闻的惨案吗?”他压低了嗓声对我说。
“我想这个地方看起来非常富有戏剧性，有关它的传说一定不少，”我说。
“这可不是传说，”那老头郑重其事地说。
“我父亲认识那起惨案的两个当事人。
一切都发生在50年前的今天。
让我说给您听听吧。
”他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。
“整整一个礼拜，风暴困住了那座灯塔，”他开始说。
“咆啸的大海波涛汹涌，海浪拍打着岩石，轰然作响。
岸上的人们十分担心在那儿工作的两个人。
他们俩是多年的挚友，但在两三个礼拜前，他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。
马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖，布莱克则发誓要对侮辱他人格的不实之辞进行报复。
多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝，他们才互相道了歉，并以乎很快地结束了他们之间的不快。
不过各自心里还有些怨恨。
因此，人们担心长时间与世隔绝所造成的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使他们俩神经过敏，尽管两人的朋友们不消说还根本没意识到后果会有多么严重。
”“离今50年前的那个晚上，灯塔上没有出现灯光，直到凌晨两点钟左右才有一束灯光突然发出警告信号。
“第二天早上，灯光依然可见。
风暴已经平息了，人们派出一条救生船前去查看情况。
等待人们的却是一个不忍目睹的场面——马丁和布莱克的起居室一片骇人景象，桌子翻倒在地，一副牌散得到处都是，地板上溅满了血迹。
研究生综合英语book2 unit4 Love and Marriage
教书决非易事。
10
Nevertheless, it seems that the desire for marriage remains strong and constant. The new circumstances have significantly increased the autonomy of individuals and in particular that of women. 译文： 尽管如此，对婚姻的渴望似乎仍然很强烈以及 在持续。新的情况显著增加了个人自主权，特 别是妇女们的自主权。
她没有遵守协议的条款。
2. 忠于；信守(诺言、原则等) : eg:If you make a promise, abide by it. 你如果做出诺言，就要履行诺言。 3. 承担(后果等)；忍受(不愉快的事等)： eg:You’ll have to abide by the consequences. 你必须承担后果。
1.We want to remove all obstacles to travel between the two countries.
译文：我们想要消除在这两个国家之间旅行的所有障碍。 2.There are formidable obstacles on the road to peace. 译文：通往和平的道路上存在难以逾越的障碍。
Para. 6, Line 2
single households single mother
单亲家庭 单亲妈妈
by no means: definitely not
Example: 1.He is by no means a lazy employee . 他绝对不是一名懒散的雇员。 2.Teaching is by no means a breeze.
研究生英语课文翻译paraphrase
Unit 1●翻译：（黑体的汉字表示与教师用书不同，斜体的汉字表示重点翻译不要遗漏）pass ion, wisdom, altruis m, insight, creativ ity—sometim es only the trialsof adversitycan fosterthese qualities, because sometim es only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. (Para.6)慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力——有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。
2.In that moment, our sense of invulne rabili ty is pierced, and the self-protect ive mentalarmorthat normall y standsbetween us and our percept ions of the world is torn away. (Para.12) 在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。
3.They say that materia l ambitio ns suddenly seem silly and the pleasur es of friends and familyparamou nt—and that the crisisallowed them to recognize in line with their new priorit ies.(Para.14)他们说物质追求突然间变得很无聊，而朋友和家庭带来的快乐变得极为重要，他们还说危机使他们能够按照这些新的优先之事来重新认识生活。
高级英语Paraphrase和翻译
Lesson 1.Paraphrase：1. W e're elevated 23 feet. (para 3)We' re 23 feet above sea level.2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. (para 3) 2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3.W e can batten down and ride it out. (para 4) 3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. (para 9) 4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! (para 10) 5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems had been killed by water. (para 11) 6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. (para 17) 7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. Get us through this mess, will Y ou? (para 17) 8. ()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. (para 21) 9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis had just one delayed reaction. (para 34) 10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.1.Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparingthe passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire)2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the soundof the wind to the roar of a passing train)Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. ( comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.)Translation1) 每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。
新编英语教程3paraphrase（英译英UNIT1~10）
新编英语教程3paraphrase（英译英UNIT1~10）Unit 11. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing asI did so, that without a degree and with no experience of teaching my chances of landing the job were slim.Para: Because I was in bad need of money and was eager to do something of me, I applied for the job, but at the same time that I did so, I was afraid that the possibility for me to get the job was very smal l because I didn’t have a university degree, nor didI have any teaching experience.2. …three days late r a letter arrived, summoning me to Croydon for an interview. Para: …three days later I received a letter, asking me to go to Croydon to have an interview.3. He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone.Para: He cast a look at me with the same surprise and dislike as a colonel would look at a soldier when his bootlaces came loose.4. The headmaster and I obviously had singularly little in common.Para: Apparently the headmaster and I had no similar interests.5. The teaching set-up appalled me.Para: The way teaching was organized filled me with terror.6. I should have to spilt the class up into three group and teach them in turn at three different levels.Para: I should have to divide the class into three groups ofthree different levels and teach them one after another.7. It was not so much having to tramp a mile along the dusty streets of Croydon, followed by a crocodile of small boys that I minded, but the fact that most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.Para: I felt troubled not because I had to walk for a mile along the dusty streets of Croydon, followed by a group of boys, but because at that time most of my friends were having a good time and relaxing.8. The prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.Para: The fact that I would have to work under a woman in future made me feel totally humiliated.Unit 21. Accordingly, the two boys had always been allowed to climb freely over it.Para: Therefore….2. There was a croaking answer.Para: In a deep, hoarse sound…3. He looked his good-bye at the garden and raged that he had to leave it -----leave it and PeterPara: He said goodbye to the garden by looking at it and felt furious that …..4. Town gardens are small, as a rule, and the Longs’ gardens was no exception to the rule.Para: Usually often that not, town gardens are small; the same is the case with the Long’s garden.5. Mrs. Long clung to the case for a moment, claiming his attention first.Para: Mrs. Long held the case tight for a while, in an effort tocall his attention first.6. She kissed him, gave him a dismissive push towards the car and then followed him to it.Para: She kissed him, pushed him towards the car so as to send him away and then followed him to it.7. How grateful we are to you both for taking him at such short notice.Para: How can we thank you enough for taking Tom away so quickly, we had hardly any time to ask for your consent.8. Tom waved good-bye angrily to his mother, and then , careless even of the cost to others, waved to an inflamed face pressed against a bedroom window.Para: Tom waved good-bye angrily to his mother, and then, without considering the pain and suffering it might give others, Tom waved good-bye to Peter whose red, feverish face was pressed against the bedroom window.9. Tom closed the car window and sat back in his seat, in hostile silence.Para: Tom closed the car window and sat back in his seat, keeping very quiet and strong resentment and unfriendliness.10. I hope we get on reasonably well.Para: I hope we can get along with each other quite well.Unit 31. …after a half hour or so of idle talk, we began to steer the conversation.Para: …after about half an hour of casual chatting, we began to make the conversation follow the course as we had planned.2….it does seem a coincidence, really, doesn’t it?Para: …it really looked as if we two had planned our trips together, doesn’t it?3. …that’s what Dr. Double L. Dee would call an extraor dinary concurrence of events. Para: …that’s what Dr. Double L. Dee would call an amazing coincidence.4. But remember that Captain Pratt didn’t go by the same route as Captain Smitherton ----- that makes a difference, you know.Para: But remember that two captains in opposite directions and that is quite important, you know.5. “well,” broke in my uncle.P ara: “well,” my uncle interrupted.6. Here Smitherton found his voice at last.Para: Here Smitherton began to speak at last.7. And here Kate ended the quarrel by jumping up as if she had a new thought. Para: Kate jumped up to bring the quarrel toa close by pretending that a new idea had struck her.8. It is a judgment on you about you know what.Para: You are being judged about something that you don’t r eally know.Unit 41. …the income from the estate probably amounted to about $200 a year.Para: …most likely, the money he made from his estate reached about $200 a year.2. There is no country where Shakespeare’s work is not read with something very likeawe because there is something fascinating about a men…Para: People all over the world read Shakespea re’s work with a feeling of profound respect and wonderment because there is something about him which made people charmed.3. ..almost every detail of his personal life is suppositionrather than fact.Para: we do not base every minute and particular detail of his personal life so much on facts on guesswork.4….But his activities, like those of nearly every playwright of his day, are so vague that he could have been born in Roman times.Pare: We are so uncertain about his activities that we might as well say that he was born when the Romans occupied a long time ago.5. …had made a thriving business out of its most famous citizen for a long time. Para: Because of its most famous citizen, Stratford-upon-Avon has made a lot money for a long time.6. … he has s uch a fine reputation that it is well worth the journey just to be able…Para: …he enjoys such high prestige that it is worthwhile to make a journey to Stratford-upon-Avon just to be able…7. he can next be traced in 1592 in London…Para: After that we know he was in London in 1592.8. Shakespeare soon became sufficiently well-known for managers and other influential people to refer to him in writing.Para: soon Shakespeare became so famous that manager and other powerful people often mentioned him in their writing.Unit 51. …by grace one of the engineering feats of the century, for richer or poorer, better or worse, England and France are getting hitched.Para: Thanks to one of the remarkable construction achievements of the 20th century, whether owe likes it or not , England and France are on the way of getting geographically connected.2. The Chunnel rewrites geography, at least in the English psyche. The most has been breached. Britain no longer is an island.Para: As far as the British are concerned, the Chunnel has changed the geographical pattern which long separated Britain from Continental Europe.3. The Chunnel is a work in progress.Para: The Chunnel is under construction.4. …I imagine 180 feet of Channel above my head…Para: I picture the transport scene of the Chunnel 180 feet above this tunnel .5. And there are 56 million more behind them.Para: and soon the whole French population will take the Chunnel transport and come over to visit British.6. …we will work on selling the idea.Para: We will promote the Chunnel transport business by informing people of the benefits that this new means of transport will bring them.Unit 61. But is this science-fiction-like picture of the atom exploding peacefully beneath the bonnet of a car possible.Para: But is it possible for the atom to explode beneath the bonnet of a car without doing any harm to the people? For sucha ting to a happen is just like science fiction.2. In theory it is, since already the atom has been harnessed to drive submarines and an atomic engine is already in existence.Para: Theoretically it is possible, now that atomic energy has been used to drive submarines and an atomic engine has been made.3. …there are many problems still to be conquered beforesuch an engine can in fact be fixed in a car.Para: An engine like that cannot really be installed in a car until we have solved many problem.4. …the motoring world will be well on th e way to an atomic car.Para: The automobile industry will make great progress in the waking of an atomic car.5. The effect of such an explosion would be felt for several miles around.Para: In an area for several miles around people would be affected by the results of such explosion.Unit 71. …or pose as unusual.Para: …or pretend to be uncommon/out of th e ordinary.2. …flavored with cheap face-powder and chain-smoking.Para: …filled with the odor of women’s low quality face-powder and that of men’s cig arettes…3. Are you strong-minded enough to…?Para: Do you have enough strong will power to …4. …, only to be told that…?Para: …then you are just told that …5. “The truth will out.”Para: The truth will become publicly known.6. a book more in evidence than Shakespeare or the Bible,…Para: a book which can be seen in more places than the works by Shakespeare or the Bible.7. … to escape from idle or inquisitive chatterbox, or somebody who wants something for nothing…Para: to keep away from some lazy or curious gossip, or from somebody who only wants something but not to give anythingin retrun.8. …or from some reporter bent on questioning you…Para: or from some reporter who is determined to question you.9. …your back is chilled by the cold look of somebody,…Para: somebody’s cold stare behind your back is sufficient to wake your blood run cold…10. ..there are two things for which the English seen to show particular aptitude…Para: The English seem to be especially gifted in two things…Unit 81. The desire to pick up with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible, although this method of selection ought not to be followed,…Para: You wish to buy a book with a lovely cover is so strong and powerful that you can’t resist it, although this method of selec ting a book is not recommended.2. You soon become engrossed in some book or other…Para: You ar e soon absorbed in a book…3. You can wander round such places to your heart’s content.Para: You can move about from one place to another until you are completely satisfied.4. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing.Para: An assistant should remain relatively inconspicuous until you have finished looking at the book.5. …something which had only vaguely inter ested you up till then.Para: …something in which you had preciously only had aslight interest.6. Apart from running up a huge account, you can…Para: In addition to getting large bills for the books, you can…7. …he was dismayed to find the book missing from its usual place and was about to leave when he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning to him.Para: …he was very disappointed to find that the book was not in the place where it was usually put and was on the point of leaving; just then he saw the owner of the shop signaling to him.8. Expecting to be told off, he went towards his.Para: Thinking that hr would be scolded, he went up to him.Unit 91. I found myself on varied assignments, all the way from ship news to sports reporting.Para: I found I was giving different kinds of assignments, ranging in variety from ship news to sports reporting.2. There was noting spectacular in Mr. Jacobs’ manner or appearance; but when he spoke about prizefights, he was no longer a bland man but a colossus…Para: There was nothing in Mr. Jacobs’ appearance and manner that would attract public attention, but when he talked about prizefight, he was not ordinary any more, he looked like a giant.3. You knew you were listening to Number One.Para: You know you were listening to the most authoritative prizefight promoter.4. So far as he was concerned, there was no mystery to it.Para: he saw nothing mysterious in boxing.5. he …went down, was counted out, and never came out of the coma.Para: he feel to the floor, did not stand up when the referee counted the seconds from one to one, and never regained consciousness.6. The Paret fight produced a flurry of investigations.Para: The Paret fight resulted in a great deal of, fervent public interest all several investigations.7. One question that was solemnly studied in all three probes concerned the action of the referee.Para: After careful investigation and through and serious examination by the three organizations was found to be of common concern – the action of the referee.8. No crowd was ever brought to its feet screaming and cheering at the sight of two men beautifully dodging and weaving out of each other’s jabs.Para: when the crowd saw two boxers exquisitely move from side to side to avoid the opponent’s quick str aight punch to the head, nobody would get to his feet, crying out in a shrill voice and shouting in great joy.9. The time the crowd comes alive is when a man is hit hard over the heart or the head, when his mouthpiece flies out, when blood squirts out of his nose or eyes, when he wobbles under the attack and his pursuer continues to smash at him with poleax impact.Para: the time when the crowd is brought to a cheerful and excited mood is when a boxer receives hard blows over his heart and head, when his mouthpiece falls off, when blood oozes from his nose or eyes, when he moves unsteadily from side to side under the attack, and his opponent chases him and goes on with his heavy blows and hard punches with the force of a poleax.10. Put the blame where it belongs – on the prevailing moresthat regard prizefighting as a perfectly proper enterprise and vehicle entertainment.Para: Find out where the responsibility really lies – it lies in the dominant and controlling social customs and standards that look upon prizefighting as a complete suitable undertaking and a form of recreation.Unit 101. …a succession of startled substitutes had stood before them, ducked, winced and fled.Para: … a few teachers one by one, took the place of the former teacher. None of them could clam down in front of the students. They could not deal with the situation and drew back in great fear and at last resigned in a hurry.2. I had reason enough to distrust my thumb.Para: I had many reasons to doubt of my own ability to keep the class under my thumb.3. It was plain the headmaster thought they had got nowhere.Para: It was obvious that the headmaster thought those teachers had made no progress in the students’ leaving.4. It was all wrong; my mood was all placatory; I was, inwardly, all white flag. Para: All things were wrong. I just waited to please the boys. And the only thing in my mind was to surrender.5. The room was easily traced by the noise that was coming from it.Para: It was very easy to find the classroom along the noise coming from it.6. …that was the worst of it –that these improprieties couldn’t be nailed down. Para: The most unfortunate thing under the situation was that I could not say clearly what improper things students were doing.7. …an awful pointless indign ation mounted in me.Para: …a terrible useless anger grew in me.8. But in cold blood I could think of no practical substitute for these dramatic punishments.Para: But when I calmed down and thought it seriously, I could not find any useful punishment and really be carried out.。
高级英语第一册第三版课后翻译 Paraphrase
1. We’re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars!6. The electrical systems in the car (the battery for the starter) had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and finally stopped.10. Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricane rather late. 1.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。
现代大学英语精读6 paraphrase 原文+译文版
Leｓｓon one1.Vｉrtuｅｉs, indeed mｕsｔbｅ, ｓｅlｆ－centered.(paｒa4)正确的行动就是,确实也必须就是以自我为中心的。
By rigｈｔactioｎ,we ｍｅan it mｕsｔheｌp promotｅpeｒsonａl iｎtｅrest、2.Ｔｈｅeｓsenｔｉａｌs are ｆamｉliar: tｈe poｖeｒty of thｅｐoor was ｔhe faｕlt of the poｏr、Aｎdｉｔwas bｅcauｓe iｔｗas proｄuｃｔoｆｔheir excｅsｓi ｖｅｆｅcunｄitｙ…、、(paｒa５)她的基本观点为人熟知:穷人的贫穷就是她们咎由自取,贫穷就是热门过度生育的结果The poverｔy of ｔhe pooｒwａs caｕseｄbｙtheiｒhaving toｏmanｙcｈｉldren.3.Ｐoｖertｙbｅing cａusｅd iｎthe ｂed mｅａnｔthat the rich were nｏt ｒeｓｐonsible foｒeiｔher its ｃreation or itsａｍelｉoｒaｔｉon. (ｐara６)贫穷源于过度生育意味着富人不应该为产生贫穷与解决贫穷承担责任Tｈe riｃhｗerｅnot to blamｅfoｒthe eｘisteｎcｅoｆｐoｖeｒｔy so theｙsｈould not be ａsked to unｄｅrｔａke the ｔasｋof ｓolviｎg ｔhe ｐroblem.4.It is meｒelｙｔhe woｒｋing out ofａlaw ofｎature aｎd a laｗof Gｏd(para8) 这就是自然规律与上帝的意志在起作用。
Itｉs onlｙthe rｅsulｔｏr efｆeｃt ｏｆthｅｌaw of theｓurviｖａl of the ｆittesｔａpplied tｏnatｕre or to human sｏcｉeｔy、5.Ｉｔdeclｉｎeｄin populariｔy, ａnd rｅfeｒenｃe tｏit acquiｒed a ｃondemnａｔory tone、(para9)然而在２0世纪,人们认为社会学中的达尔文进化论有点过于残酷,遭到了普遍的质疑,人们提及它都带有谴责的口吻。
研究生英语综合教程下册1,4,5,6单元课文翻译
研究生英语综合教程下册1,4,5,6单元课文翻译研究生英语综合教程（下）系列教材翻译参考译文全章节Unit 1幸福隐藏的另一面凯思琳？麦克高恩1. 咫风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说：“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
2. 我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。
实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活之后与某种方式的改变。
3. 诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。
这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理：大难不死，意志弥坚。
创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。
在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。
更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来一甚至最终会成功发达。
4. 那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证：为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。
我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气：一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。
5. 这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面一种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。
那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质一是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。
事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多的人-他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义一或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历（哲学家们过去称之为对“美好生活”的探寻）最有发言权。
新世纪研究生英语教程（第四版）课文译文—第6单元
新世纪研究生英语教程（第四版）课文译文—第6单元无纸化办公之神为什么你的办公室愈加混乱不堪?弗雷德里充·依·艾伦［１］在1970年《未来者》杂志中阿尔温·托福乐声称“打印任何资料是机器的一种原始用途，违背了其本身的初衷。
”五年后，施乐公司的帕罗·阿尔托研究中心的主任认为无纸化办公已经初现端倪，并大胆预言在未来“不知道这个世界上我还会需要多少硬拷贝。
”［２］如果他还和我们一样，那么，他仍然被许多纸张包围，很可能比以往任何时候更加严重。
几十年来,我们一直期待着无纸化办公的到来,但是,新技术层出不穷,旨在帮助我们取代在几千年前最先由埃及人利用河咒苇制造的纸。
这些新技术包括电子记事本,体积越来越小的笔记本电脑和内容总在不断更新的电子书籍。
我们都知道纸张占据宝贵的空间,一次只能够放在一个地方,检索或查询非常困难,而且缺少超文本所具有的交互性和链接功能。
因为了解这一点,所以我们为继续依赖纸张而内疚。
为什么我们还不能够克服这一陋习呢?［３］两位英国研究人员阿比加尔·宅和理此埃持仁哈坡决定对此进行研究,并将其研究成果写成《无纸办公室的神话》一书,由麻省理工学院出版社出版。
书中举例说明了我们所处的困境:他们在一家高科技研究实验室遇到了一位经理,其办公室里到处都堆积着纸张——椅子上、工作台上、办公桌上、电脑周围。
他似乎有一种超能力,只用几秒钟就在乱七八糟的纸堆里找到所需文件,但是,这的确会让他的老板感到难堪。
每当公司老板到来之时,他不得不把所有的纸张收拾起来,藏入壁橱的箱子里。
这样做的结果使他此后一两周的工作效率大减。
这就产生了问题:难道纸张真的妨碍我们的工作吗?[4] 我们很容易这么认为。
关于计算机化信息处理的优点我们已经耳熟能详,但是,我们却从未听说过纸张的优点。
塞伦和哈坡已经发现了纸张的优点。
以他们如何描述一张普通办公桌上的文件摆放为例。
它准确地描述了我的,也许还有你的乱糟糟的办公室:一叠重要的文件放在办公桌中间,可能紧靠在电话旁,这些文件被他们称为特急件,需要马上处理。
精读英译汉,paraphrase
Unit 1Paraphrase1. Ours is an era of conspicuous technological upheaval. But the purported gains of new technology----rising incomes, greater productivity----seem to elude us. (P6)1. It is obvious that technology in modern age has brought about great changes. Nevertheless, we have not yet benefited from the supposed gains of new technolo gy—rising income and greater productivity.2. Genuine thought is discouraged. The same thought-deadening process afflicts American managers. (P7)2. Creative thought is not appreciated. American managers have been troubled b y the fact that independent and active thinking gives way to dumb numbers. Translation1.这项计划为智力迟钝者提供长期的照顾。
（retarded）1. The program offers long-term care for the mentally retarded.2.他有一台又粗笨又庞大的旧电脑，速度慢，使用麻烦。
（cumbersome, bulky）2. He’s got a cumbersome, bulky, old computer—it’s slow and complicated to use.3.他沿着房间后部慢慢移动，尽量不引起别人的注意。
高英课文解释包括paraphrases
高英课文解释包括p a r a p h r a s e sThe Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020Lesson One Face to Face with HurricaneCamilleJoseph P. BlankTitle1. face to face: The phrase in this context means “confronting one another.” This phrase connotes/ /意味着 a sense of urgency and danger. The confrontation面对面 is generally with something dangerous, difficult or hard to resolve. 面对面地.: face to face with the enemy.: face to face with the tiger.: face to face with the problem2. hurricane: is a tropical storm in which winds attain speeds greater than 75 miles (about 121 kilometers) per hour. It is a powerful, spiraling螺旋形的 storm that begins over a warm sea, near the equator. When a hurricane hits land, it can do great damage through its fierce winds, torrential/ / rains倾盆大雨, inland flooding, and huge waves crashing ashore. There storms are given a different label, depending on where they occur. If they begin over the North Atlantic Ocean大西洋, the Caribbean/ / Sea加勒比海, the Gulf of Mexico墨西哥, or the Northeast Pacific Ocean太平洋, they are called hurricanes. Similar storms that occur in the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line国际日期变更线 are called typhoon s. Near Australia and in the Indian Ocean, they are referred to as tropical cyclones热带气旋。
（完整word版）Paraphrase（北京林业大学研究生英语学位考资料）
（完整word版）Paraphrase（北京林业大学研究生英语学位考资料）Unit 1Text B Family-unfriendly Policies1.…, even after a significant reform of the welfare system, the singlewelfare mother has become the public symbol of much of what is wrong with America’s social service programs. (para. 8) Paraphrase:Though an important reform of the welfare system has been carried out, the policies of aiding the single mother is still a noticeable demonstration/a good example to show that the American social service programs have fundamental problems.Even after a major reform in welfare system, the single mother still enjoys too much benefits, which is always regarded as the main problem in America’s social service pro grams.2.Federal aid should give incentives for couples to form and sustainhealthy marriages, not encouragement for single parenthood and nonmarital birth.(para. 8)Paraphrase:The Federal government should encourage couples to marry and keep healthy marriage but discourage households with one parent and childbirth out of unmarried parents.3. Public policy should not contribute to an a la carte menu of sex, love, and childbearing. It should emphasize the benefits for all from the package deal of marriage. (para. 9)Paraphrase:The policy for the public should not promoteindividually/separately sex, love and childbearing, but should focus on the interests of the whole of marriage for all the people.Unit TwoText B Deep water Drilling.1.Deep waters that were once off limits to oil explores are suddenlyaccessible, partly because of advances in floating rigs.( para.19) Paraphrase:Oil explorers are now suddenly able to operate in deep waters where they couldn’t get to, in part because there have been developments in floating rigs.2.Everywhere, the quest is for speed and lightness. The last hurrahfor the old guard may be the 4.2 billion Hibernian oil projects on Canada’s Grand Banks.(para. 22)Paraphrase:Anywhere in deep water drilling field, high speed and light weight are pursued forever. The last acclamation for the completion of the old-typed fixed production platform may be the 4.2 billion Hibernian oil projects on Canada’s Grand Banks.3.Now, oil-rich countries that once spurned Western oil companiesas imperialists realize that they’re missing out on a good thing.(para.26)Paraphrase:Countries with abundant oil sources get to know now that they are losing the chance to make use of the investment of the western oil companies, which were once regarded as imperialists and rejected.4.Add all that up and you have the recipe for a possible explosion inoil production.(para. 27)Paraphrase:Taking all these factors of technology and foreign capital into consideration, you understand the causes that lead to a possible large and quick expansion of oil production/ why there is a sharp increase in oil prouction.Unit 3Text A1. A liver cell has a different job from a blood cell and proteins to match. (para 2)Paraphrase:A liver cell plays a different role compared with a blood cell and the proteins inside a liver cell are different from those inside a blood cell. 2. But as the plasma proteome project shows, there will be a pay-off even at the stage of cataloguing proteins. (para.8)Paraphrase:But as the plasma proteome project indicates, people will benefit even during the period of classifying proteins.3. And if the unexpected technological leaps made in fiercely competitive race for the human genome are anything to go by, theywill arrive faster than we might think. (para 8)Paraphrase:If we judge by the unexpected technological advances achieved in human genome which involves fierce competition, the achievements in the field of proteomics will be accomplished more quickly than we might think.Text B1. A controversial area of science that has hardly been out of the spotlight since the birth of its leading lady, Dolly, the sheep, is cloning. (para 1)Since the leading lady Dolly the sheep was born, cloning has long been/ seldom escaped from the focus of attention /has always received a lot of public attention as a much-debated area of science.2. Certainly it is the view of every serious scientist … on the grounds of safety alone. (Para. 3)Paraphrase:Every serious scientist surely thinks that it would be mad for anyone to clone a person today, only for the reason of health safety.3. This suggests that there is a great deal of plasticity in the growing embryo that still allows it to develop successfully even when a significant proportion of its genes are malfunctioning. (para 4) Paraphrase:It can be concluded from the cloning studies that the growing embryo can be greatly modified, which enables it to develop successfully even when the majority of genes are not functioning well.4. Personally I think it would be a very dangerous path to follow first of all, could we really be sure until it was too late that we were not creating people with a range of serious abnormalities? (para 5) Paraphrase:In my opinion, it would be very dangerous to clone a person because we could not be certain whether the people we were producing have any serious defects and diseases. It will be too late when we realize the dangers.5. It might be a very useful practical test of the importance of genes versus the environment, but would it be fair to subject a real human individual to such a test? (para 5)Paraphrase:It could probably be a very useful practical experiment in relation to the importance of interaction going on between genes and environment, but would it be fair to get a real human individual involved in such a dangerous test?6. Assessing how serious a possibility someone attempting to clone a baby is has not been helped by the various cranks and charlatans who have been making exaggerate claims in this respect. (para 6) Paraphrase:There are various weird people and fake experts who have been making unreal and impractical declaration that they would try to clone a baby. However, these could not help us to judge how possible the cloning baby is.7. An increasing problem is that pioneering research findings …. have no control over. (para. 8)Paraphrase:The scientists have used public money to do careful research work for years and yielded exploring/leading results, but now they may be wasted and abused by private interests the public can’t manage; this is a rising concern.Unit 4Text A1.In addition, the Freedom T ower will further its distinction as aworld-class model of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. (Para. 1)Paraphrase:Moreover, the Freedom Tower will place greater emphasis on its features as a world -class example in making better use of energy and protecting environment for sustainability.2. This spectacular addition to our skyline will be a commanding architectural symbol while addressing the security concerns we face in today’s world.(para 4)Paraphrase:While solving the security problem in today’s world, the accession of the Freedom Tower to our skyline will be a dominating architectural symbol.3. Generous open spaces, filled with trees, water and places of respite that enliven the surrounding streets, connect the tower with theadjacent neighborhoods and allow views and access into the memorial. (para 6)Paraphrase:The wide green areas with trees, pools and resting places add liveliness to the nearby streets and link the Freedom Tower with the surroundings so that they enable people to see the scenery and enter the memorial.4. The redesigned Freedom T ower speaks to the government and private sector’s deep a nd abiding commitment to rebuild New York City to the highest architectural, environmental and safety standards.（para 7)Paraphrase:The new design of the Freedom Tower reflects the public and private’s strong and lasting pledge which aims to rebuild New York City on the basis of the highest standards of architecture, environment, and safety.5. Environmental quality will also extend to construction ofthe Freedom Tower, which will feature waste reduction through recycling of construction materials. (para. 11)Paraphrase:The environmental quality will also be involved in the construction of Freedom T ower focusing on decreasing waste through construction materials’ recycling.Text B1. After all, who wants to work or live in a grand, iconic structure that stands out in a crowd and thus makes an inviting target? (Para 1) Paraphrase:After all, no one wants to work or live in a huge and symbolic building which is so distinguished among all that it is likely to be attacked.2. A lot of great buildings get erected because somebody wants to make their mark on the skyline. (para 2)Paraphrase:Lots of grand buildings are constructed as the developers want to become well-known with those impressive symbols on the skyline.Unit 6Text A1. … making paper copies of any thing is a primitive use of machines and violates their very spirits. (para 1)Paraphrase:Using machines to make paper copies is backward and against the concept of the development of machines.Technologies have emerged one after another to help us do away with what Egyptians first made out of riverside reeds several millennia ago, including electronic date books, ever-shrinking laptops, and the never quite-ready e-book. (para 2)Paraphrase:Many new inventions, including e-calendars, smaller and smaller notebook computers and ever-changing e-books, are coming out successively to help us get rid of paper, which was invented in ancient Egypt and made of water plant leaf fiber.3. A primary pile of papers, adjacent to the open workspace at the center of the desk and probably next to the phone, contains what they call hot files, documents to be acted on immediately. (para 4) Paraphrase:An important pile of documents including those urgent “hot files” to be dealt with at once, is put next to the open workspace in the middle of the desk and possibly close to the phone.4. Cold files, the great preponderance of documents t hat don’t need immediate attention, fill file drawers farther away. (para 4) Paraphrase:As most “cold files” don’t have to be dealt with immediately, they are stuck in the drawers farther away.Text B1.Washington and Wall Street are bedeviled by a specter– the specter of dot-com start-ups and the rise of the nerd class. (Para 1) Paraphrase:The US government and financial world are haunted/troubled by a dreadful thing—the setting up of web firms and the increasing number of web fans.2.Surprisingly, the outcome of this conflict has a lot to say about whether we will still turn pages as we read. (Para 1) Paraphrase:It is surprising that the result of the battle between the paper culture and screen culture fully illustrates/reveals much whetherwe will still turnpages when we read.3.Screen culture is a world of constant flux, of endless sound bites, quick cuts and half-baked ideas. (para 4)Paraphrase:Screen culture is filled with continuous changes, never-stopping sound bites, rapid editions and deletions, and immature thoughts.4.Notions don’t stand alone but are massively interlinked to everything else; truth is not delivered by authors and authorities but is assembled by the audience. (para 4) Paraphrase:Ideas don’t exist separately but are closel y related with everything else; truth is not expressed by authors and authorities but is made up by the viewers and readers.Unit 7Text A1. This is a particularly unsettling line of inquiry for athletes or parents. (para 4)Paraphrase:The way of asking such a question especially causes athletes or parents to feel worried.2. The underlying theory is simple: All games involve achieving a goal despite the presence of an obstacle, but nowhere is it written that the obstacle has to be someone else. (para 6)Paraphrase:There is a fundamental theory beneath: The rule of all games is to reach a goal even though there is an obstacle, but it never says that this obstacle has to be somebody else.3. If a large number of people insist that we can’t do without win/lose activities, the first question to ask is whether they’ve ever tasted the alternative. (para 10)Paraphrase:If many people still hold the view that we cannot live without activities involving winning and losing, the first thing we should ask is if they have ever tried the other way.4. Studies have shown that feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation as a result of competition; yourvalue is defined by what you’ve done and who you’ve beaten. (para 11)Paraphrase:It is indicated from studies that the feelings of self-esteem gradually rely on assessments from the outside factors because of competition; p eople’s value is decided by the things they have done and the rivals they have defeated.Text B1.Furthermore, an element of score keeping is evident in the most innocent of children’s games. (para 3)Paraphrase:Moreover, a feature of winning / competing ahead of others is clear even in children’s most harmless games.2. This was a response to an attempt to recognize participation ahead of winning or losing at 4-H events, and was perceived by party leaders as promoting socialism. (para 4) Paraphrase:Joining in 4-H activities was a reaction to an attempt to realize/admit/accept that participation is more important than winning or losing, and was regarded by party leaders asimproving socialism.3. As soon as this is established, they can refine and specialize their skills. (para 5)Paraphrase:Once they find their proper / appropriate social position, the young people can improve and major in their skills.4. The bulk of this research points to the improved social conditions associated with cooperation as opposed to competition. (para 7) Paraphrase:The majority of this research suggests / indicates that cooperation rather than competition improves social conditions.5.The context of the competition seems to excuse or suspend normal expectations of civility. (para 12)Paraphrase:It seems the settings of competition make people tolerate bad/ugly behaviors and suppress/ignore politeness as ordinarily expected.Unit 8Text A1.Solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power---thepreserve of visionaries and enthusiasts little more than a decade ago---are now poised on the brink of the mainstream, helped in no small part by the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. (para 2)Paraphrase:Largely because fossil fuels do some damage to the environment, solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power are now quite ready to replace the major sources of power, which used to be the field for people with great visionsand enthusiasm to explore only about 10 years or so ago.2.Already a billion-pound business, projections indicate an annualgrowth rate for the next decade of 14 percent. (para 6) Paraphrase:Although the solar program is already worth billion pounds, it is still predicted that it will keep growing at a rate of 14% each year for the next 10 years.3.High hopes are pinned on the fuel cell, a technology forecast toreshape the world energy economy and odds-on to power transport systems of tomorrow by replacing petrol. (para 21) Paraphrase:Fuel cell is a technology predicted to transform the world energy economy and it is very likely to take the place of petrol to give power in the future transport systems; as a consequence, people put a lot of hopes on it.4.Again, its green credentials are indisputable: fuel cells releasenothing more damaging into the atmosphere than water vapor.(para 21)Paraphrase:It is definite to argue once more that, with certain green qualities, the fuel cell lets out into the atmosphere nothing damaging, only water vapor.Text B1.The solar panels provide an exciting demonstration for thecampus community of the power of cutting edgetechnology…(para 5)Paraphrase:Excitingly, the solar panels display in front of people on campus the power of a technology that is at the very frontier…2.As laboratories for learning and natural gathering centers for thecommunity, schools are an excellent venue to demonstrate the viability of solar technologies. (para 6)Paraphrase:Acting like the laboratories for learning and the common place for people in the same area to gather together naturally, schools are a perfect place to show the possibility we can have with solar technologies.3.Such solicitations are geared toward “raising visibility andacceptability of renewable energy and to help create a sustained demand for renewables.” (para 4)Paraphrase:The requests are adjusted to make renewable energies visible and accepted and create a continuous demand for them4.As the term “sustainability”gains currency, more and moreeducators are looking to provide hands-on learning opportunities for their students. (para 8)Paraphrase:As the word “sustainability”becomes more popular and accepted by more people, more and more educators are seeking to give their students available learning chances.。
现代大学英语精读3 课文 Paraphrase
UNIT 1…identity is determined by genetic endowment, shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events.…our identity is decided by our genes (inherited from parents), greatly influenced by environment we live in and affected by some unexpected events.First, there is functional independence, which involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda.First, there is the independence in handling everyday life situations, which involves the ability to solve practical problems, such as how to spend money wisely, choosing their own clothes, and determining what they are going to do everyday.Fourth is freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.’’Children often feel very guilty in relation to their parents because they think they have done something wrong; they are also anxious because they are always eager to please their parents; they sometimes feel unhappy because they think that their parents have not fair to them; they feel that they are responsible to their parents for everything they do; they are always afraid of not saying the right thing or not behaving properly; all these may make them angry with their parents or make them resentful. These feelings reflect their emotional dependence on their parents. When they grow up, they usually strive for the freedom from such dependence.Perh aps one of the most stressful matters…as men or women.Perhaps young college students feel most distressed in finding out their sexual identity, including associating with the opposite sex and designing their future roles as men or women.Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with.When students are in a romantic relationship with the opposite sex, they are most likely to feel unhappy or happy emotionally.dragging his feet with a dismayed, dejected look on his face.walking slowly and listlessly, looking very unhappy and disappointed“to drag one’s feet” is often used figuratively to mean”to delay deliberately”The local authorities are dragging their feet closing small coal mines.During the course I had come to realize that while my world was expanding and new options were opening for me, my father, who was in his sixties, was seeing his world shrink and his options narrow. (6)From the course I learnt, I had discovered that different from my expanding world and more opportunities; my father was beginning to realize that his world was getting smaller and his choices fewer.These religious, morals, and ethical values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime.(7)These values that are established during the college years often last a lifetime. It is believed that our character or basic moral principles are formulated during this period of time.I can no longer read the newspaper or watch a television newscast without seeing the people from other countries in a different light. in a different wayWhenever I read the newspaper or watch a television newscast, I will see the people from other countries in a different way from what I used to see.☻What he did made us to see him in a new light.☻In the light of the new evidence, we decide to take him to court. 出于，考虑到Not only are they being introduced to new people and new knowledge, but they are also acquiring new ways of assembling and processing information. (10)They are getting to know a lot of new people and learning new knowledge. They are also finding or learning new ways of arranging, organizing, analyzing or understanding information.UNIT 2It was a wonder to me they'd want to be seen with such a windbag.我不理解为什么他们愿意让人看见自己和这样一个话匣子在一起。
研究生学术综合英语1-6课课文及翻译
Presenting a speech（做演讲）Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。
我们用语言language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。
事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
[Contrary topopular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality butalso helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events].和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the toolsof a speaker?s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession.As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to uselanguage accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。
研究生英语课文翻译paraphrase
研究生英语课文翻译paraphraseUnit 1● 翻译：（黑体的汉字表示与教师用书不同，斜体的汉字表示重点翻译不要遗漏）1. Compassion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity—sometimes only the trials of adversity canfoster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations canforce us to take on the painful process of change. (Para.6)慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力——有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。
2. In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armorthat normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away. (Para.12) 在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。
3. They say that material ambitions suddenly seem silly and the pleasuresof friends and familyparamount —and that the crisis allowed them to recognize in line withtheir new priorities. (Para.14)他们说物质追求突然间变得很无聊，而朋友和家庭带来的快乐变得极为重要，他们还说危机使他们能够按照这些新的优先之事来重新认识生活。
现代大学英语精读6 paraphrase 原文+译文版
Lesson one1.Virtue is, indeed must be, self-centered.(para4)正确的行动是，确实也必须是以自我为中心的。
By right action, we mean it must help promote personal interest.2.The essentials are familiar: the poverty of the poor was the fault of the poor. And it was because it was product of their excessive fecundity…..(para5)他的基本观点为人熟知：穷人的贫穷是他们咎由自取，贫穷是热门过度生育的结果The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.3.Poverty being caused in the bed meant that the rich were not responsible for either its creation or its amelioration. (para6)贫穷源于过度生育意味着富人不应该为产生贫穷和解决贫穷承担责任The rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they should not be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem.4.It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God(para8)这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用。
It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature or to human society.5.It declined in popularity, and reference to it acquired a condemnatory tone.(para9)然而在20世纪，人们认为社会学中的达尔文进化论有点过于残酷，遭到了普遍的质疑，人们提及它都带有谴责的口吻。
高英paraphrase和翻译
高英paraphrase和翻译Lesson1 How th Get the Poor off our Conscience1. Virtue is ... self-centered.By right action, we mean it must help promote personal interest.2.... (poverty) was a product of their excessive fecundity...The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.3. ...the rich were not responsible for either its creation or its amelioration.The rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they shoul d not be asked to undertake the task of solving the probl em.4. It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God.It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature orto human society.5. It declined in popularity, and references to its acquired a cond emnatory tone.People began to reject Social Darwinism because it seemed to glorify brutal force and oppose treasured values of sympathy, love and friendship. Therefore, when it was mentioned, it was usually the target of criticism.6. ...the search for a way of getting the poor off our conscience was not at an end; it was only suspended.The desire to find a way to justify the unconcern for the poor had not been aband oned; it had only been put off.7. ...only rarely given to overpaying for monkey wrenches,flashlights, coffee makers, and toilet seats.Government officials, on the whole, are good; it is very rare that some woul d pay high prices f or office equipment to get kickbacks.8. This is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction.It is a very popular story and has been accepted by many but it is not true.9. Belief can be the servant of truth---but even more of convenience.Belief can be useful in the search for truth.But more often than not it is accepted because it is convenient and self-serving.10. George Gil der... Who tells to much applause that the poor must have the cruel spur oftheir own suffering to ensure effort...George Gil der advances the view that only when the poor suffer from great misery will they be stimulated to make great efforts to change the situation;in other words, suffering is necessary to force the poor to work hard.1. An imbalance between the rich and poor is the ol dest and most fatal ailment of republics .贫富不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾。
(完整word版)Paraphrase(北京林业大学研究生英语学位考资料)
Unit 1Text B Family-unfriendly Policies1.…, even after a significant reform of the welfare system, the singlewelfare mother has become the public symbol of much of what is wrong with America’s social service programs. (para. 8) Paraphrase:Though an important reform of the welfare system has been carried out, the policies of aiding the single mother is still a noticeable demonstration/a good example to show that the American social service programs have fundamental problems.Even after a major reform in welfare system, the single mother still enjoys too much benefits, which is always regarded as the main problem in America’s social service programs.2.Federal aid should give incentives for couples to form and sustainhealthy marriages, not encouragement for single parenthood and nonmarital birth.(para. 8)Paraphrase:The Federal government should encourage couples to marry and keep healthy marriage but discourage households with one parent and childbirth out of unmarried parents.3. Public policy should not contribute to an a la carte menu of sex, love, and childbearing. It should emphasize the benefits for all from the package deal of marriage. (para. 9)Paraphrase:The policy for the public should not promote individually/separately sex, love and childbearing, but should focus on the interests of the whole of marriage for all the people.Unit TwoText B Deep water Drilling.1.Deep waters that were once off limits to oil explores are suddenlyaccessible, partly because of advances in floating rigs.( para. 19) Paraphrase:Oil explorers are now suddenly able to operate in deep waters where they couldn’t get to, in part because there have been developments in floating rigs.2.Everywhere, the quest is for speed and lightness. The last hurrahfor the old guard may be the 4.2 billion Hibernian oil projects on Canada’s Grand Banks.(para. 22)Paraphrase:Anywhere in deep water drilling field, high speed and light weight are pursued forever. The last acclamation for the completion of the old-typed fixed production platform may be the 4.2 billion Hibernian oil projects on Canada’s Grand Banks.3.Now, oil-rich countries that once spurned Western oil companiesas imperialists realize that they’re missing out on a good thing.(para.26)Paraphrase:Countries with abundant oil sources get to know now that they are losing the chance to make use of the investment of the western oil companies, which were once regarded as imperialists and rejected.4.Add all that up and you have the recipe for a possible explosion inoil production.(para. 27)Paraphrase:Taking all these factors of technology and foreign capital into consideration, you understand the causes that lead to a possible large and quick expansion of oil production/ why there is a sharp increase in oil prouction.Unit 3Text A1. A liver cell has a different job from a blood cell and proteins to match. (para 2)Paraphrase:A liver cell plays a different role compared with a blood cell and the proteins inside a liver cell are different from those inside a blood cell. 2. But as the plasma proteome project shows, there will be a pay-off even at the stage of cataloguing proteins. (para. 8)Paraphrase:But as the plasma proteome project indicates, people will benefit even during the period of classifying proteins.3. And if the unexpected technological leaps made in fiercely competitive race for the human genome are anything to go by, theywill arrive faster than we might think. (para 8)Paraphrase:If we judge by the unexpected technological advances achieved in human genome which involves fierce competition, the achievements in the field of proteomics will be accomplished more quickly than we might think.Text B1. A controversial area of science that has hardly been out of the spotlight since the birth of its leading lady, Dolly, the sheep, is cloning. (para 1)Since the leading lady Dolly the sheep was born, cloning has long been/ seldom escaped from the focus of attention /has always received a lot of public attention as a much-debated area of science.2. Certainly it is the view of every serious scientist … on the grounds of safety alone. (Para. 3)Paraphrase:Every serious scientist surely thinks that it would be mad for anyone to clone a person today, only for the reason of health safety.3. This suggests that there is a great deal of plasticity in the growing embryo that still allows it to develop successfully even when a significant proportion of its genes are malfunctioning. (para 4) Paraphrase:It can be concluded from the cloning studies that the growing embryo can be greatly modified, which enables it to develop successfully even when the majority of genes are not functioning well.4. Personally I think it would be a very dangerous path to follow first of all, could we really be sure until it was too late that we were not creating people with a range of serious abnormalities? (para 5) Paraphrase:In my opinion, it would be very dangerous to clone a person because we could not be certain whether the people we were producing have any serious defects and diseases. It will be too late when we realize the dangers.5. It might be a very useful practical test of the importance of genes versus the environment, but would it be fair to subject a real human individual to such a test? (para 5)Paraphrase:It could probably be a very useful practical experiment in relation to the importance of interaction going on between genes and environment, but would it be fair to get a real human individual involved in such a dangerous test?6. Assessing how serious a possibility someone attempting to clone a baby is has not been helped by the various cranks and charlatans who have been making exaggerate claims in this respect. (para 6) Paraphrase:There are various weird people and fake experts who have been making unreal and impractical declaration that they would try to clone a baby. However, these could not help us to judge how possible the cloning baby is.7. An increasing problem is that pioneering research findings …. have no control over. (para. 8)Paraphrase:The scientists have used public money to do careful research work for years and yielded exploring/leading results, but now they may be wasted and abused by private interests the public can’t manage; this is a rising concern.Unit 4Text A1.In addition, the Freedom Tower will further its distinction as aworld-class model of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. (Para. 1)Paraphrase:Moreover, the Freedom Tower will place greater emphasis on its features as a world -class example in making better use of energy and protecting environment for sustainability.2. This spectacular addition to our skyline will be a commanding architectural symbol while addressing the security concerns we face in today’s world.(para 4)Paraphrase:While solving the security problem in today’s world, the accession of the Freedom Tower to our skyline will be a dominating architectural symbol.3. Generous open spaces, filled with trees, water and places of respite that enliven the surrounding streets, connect the tower with theadjacent neighborhoods and allow views and access into the memorial. (para 6)Paraphrase:The wide green areas with trees, pools and resting places add liveliness to the nearby streets and link the Freedom Tower with the surroundings so that they enable people to see the scenery and enter the memorial.4. The redesigned Freedom Tower speaks to the government and private sector’s deep and abiding commitment to rebuild New York City to the highest architectural, environmental and safety standards.（para 7)Paraphrase:The new design of the Freedom Tower reflects the public and private’s strong and lasting pledge which aims to rebuild New York City on the basis of the highest standards of architecture, environment, and safety.5. Environmental quality will also extend to construction of the Freedom Tower, which will feature waste reduction through recycling of construction materials. (para. 11)Paraphrase:The environmental quality will also be involved in the construction of Freedom Tower focusing on decreasing waste through construction materials’ recycling.Text B1. After all, who wants to work or live in a grand, iconic structure that stands out in a crowd and thus makes an inviting target? (Para 1) Paraphrase:After all, no one wants to work or live in a huge and symbolic building which is so distinguished among all that it is likely to be attacked.2. A lot of great buildings get erected because somebody wants to make their mark on the skyline. (para 2)Paraphrase:Lots of grand buildings are constructed as the developers want to become well-known with those impressive symbols on the skyline.Unit 6Text A1. … making paper copies of anything is a primitive use of machines and violates their very spirits. (para 1)Paraphrase:Using machines to make paper copies is backward and against the concept of the development of machines.Technologies have emerged one after another to help us do away with what Egyptians first made out of riverside reeds several millennia ago, including electronic date books, ever-shrinking laptops, and the never quite-ready e-book. (para 2)Paraphrase:Many new inventions, including e-calendars, smaller and smaller notebook computers and ever-changing e-books, are coming out successively to help us get rid of paper, which was invented in ancient Egypt and made of water plant leaf fiber.3. A primary pile of papers, adjacent to the open workspace at the center of the desk and probably next to the phone, contains what they call hot files, documents to be acted on immediately. (para 4) Paraphrase:An important pile of documents including those urgent “hot files” to be dealt with at once, is put next to the open workspace in the middle of the desk and possibly close to the phone.4. Cold files, the great preponderance of documents t hat don’t need immediate attention, fill file drawers farther away. (para 4) Paraphrase:As most “cold files” don’t have to be dealt with immediately, they are stuck in the drawers farther away.Text B1.Washington and Wall Street are bedeviled by a specter– the specter of dot-com start-ups and the rise of the nerd class. (Para 1) Paraphrase:The US government and financial world are haunted/troubled by a dreadful thing—the setting up of web firms and the increasing number of web fans.2.Surprisingly, the outcome of this conflict has a lot to say about whether we will still turn pages as we read. (Para 1)Paraphrase:It is surprising that the result of the battle between the paper culture and screen culture fully illustrates/reveals much whether we will still turnpages when we read.3.Screen culture is a world of constant flux, of endless sound bites, quick cuts and half-baked ideas. (para 4)Paraphrase:Screen culture is filled with continuous changes, never-stopping sound bites, rapid editions and deletions, and immature thoughts.4.Notions don’t stand alone but are massively interlinked to everything else; truth is not delivered by authors and authorities but is assembled by the audience. (para 4)Paraphrase:Ideas don’t exist separately but are closel y related with everything else; truth is not expressed by authors and authorities but is made up by the viewers and readers.Unit 7Text A1. This is a particularly unsettling line of inquiry for athletes or parents. (para 4)Paraphrase:The way of asking such a question especially causes athletes or parents to feel worried.2. The underlying theory is simple: All games involve achieving a goal despite the presence of an obstacle, but nowhere is it written that the obstacle has to be someone else. (para 6)Paraphrase:There is a fundamental theory beneath: The rule of all games is to reach a goal even though there is an obstacle, but it never says that this obstacle has to be somebody else.3. If a large number of people insist that we can’t do without win/lose activities, the first question to ask is whether they’ve ever tasted the alternative. (para 10)Paraphrase:If many people still hold the view that we cannot live without activities involving winning and losing, the first thing we should ask is if they have ever tried the other way.4. Studies have shown that feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation as a result of competition; yourvalue is defined by what you’ve done and who you’ve beaten. (para 11)Paraphrase:It is indicated from studies that the feelings of self-esteem gradually rely on assessments from the outside factors because of competition; people’s value is decided by the things they have done and the rivals they have defeated.Text B1.Furthermore, an element of score keeping is evident in the most innocent of children’s games. (para 3)Paraphrase:Moreover, a feature of winning / competing ahead of others is clear even in children’s most harmless games.2. This was a response to an attempt to recognize participation ahead of winning or losing at 4-H events, and was perceived by party leaders as promoting socialism. (para 4)Paraphrase:Joining in 4-H activities was a reaction to an attempt to realize/admit/accept that participation is more important than winning or losing, and was regarded by party leaders as improving socialism.3. As soon as this is established, they can refine and specialize their skills. (para 5)Paraphrase:Once they find their proper / appropriate social position, the young people can improve and major in their skills.4. The bulk of this research points to the improved social conditions associated with cooperation as opposed to competition. (para 7) Paraphrase:The majority of this research suggests / indicates that cooperation rather than competition improves social conditions.5.The context of the competition seems to excuse or suspend normal expectations of civility. (para 12)Paraphrase:It seems the settings of competition make people tolerate bad/ugly behaviors and suppress/ignore politeness as ordinarily expected.Unit 8Text A1.Solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power---thepreserve of visionaries and enthusiasts little more than a decade ago---are now poised on the brink of the mainstream, helped in no small part by the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. (para 2)Paraphrase:Largely because fossil fuels do some damage to the environment, solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power are now quite ready to replace the major sources of power, which used to be the field for people with great visions and enthusiasm to explore only about 10 years or so ago.2.Already a billion-pound business, projections indicate an annualgrowth rate for the next decade of 14 percent. (para 6) Paraphrase:Although the solar program is already worth billion pounds, it is still predicted that it will keep growing at a rate of 14% each year for the next 10 years.3.High hopes are pinned on the fuel cell, a technology forecast toreshape the world energy economy and odds-on to power transport systems of tomorrow by replacing petrol. (para 21) Paraphrase:Fuel cell is a technology predicted to transform the world energy economy and it is very likely to take the place of petrol to give power in the future transport systems; as a consequence, people put a lot of hopes on it.4.Again, its green credentials are indisputable: fuel cells releasenothing more damaging into the atmosphere than water vapor.(para 21)Paraphrase:It is definite to argue once more that, with certain green qualities, the fuel cell lets out into the atmosphere nothing damaging, only water vapor.Text B1.The solar panels provide an exciting demonstration for thecampus community of the power of cutting edgetechnology…(para 5)Paraphrase:Excitingly, the solar panels display in front of people on campus the power of a technology that is at the very frontier…2.As laboratories for learning and natural gathering centers for thecommunity, schools are an excellent venue to demonstrate the viability of solar technologies. (para 6)Paraphrase:Acting like the laboratories for learning and the common place for people in the same area to gather together naturally, schools are a perfect place to show the possibility we can have with solar technologies.3.Such solicitations are geared toward “raising visibility andacceptability of renewable energy and to help create a sustained demand for renewables.” (para 4)Paraphrase:The requests are adjusted to make renewable energies visible and accepted and create a continuous demand for them4.As the term “sustainability”gains currency, more and moreeducators are looking to provide hands-on learning opportunities for their students. (para 8)Paraphrase:As the word “sustainability”becomes more popular and accepted by more people, more and more educators are seeking to give their students available learning chances.。
高英精读5paraphrase原文+译文
1.The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy. It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3.The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can be he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against that stands against love.Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5.At that time, economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made(or how wealthy he was).6.The absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.7.It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.8.When the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.When the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has got is done away with.9.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10.Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practices racial as racial discrimination.1.I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself being different types of prodigy, trying to find out which type would best suit me.2.I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.Some new thoughts came to my mind, thoughts that I deliberately wanted to be disobedient, or to be more exact, thoughts that I would say lots of “ I won’t …” to my mother.3.The girl had a sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was somewhat like Shirley Temple, a bit rude, but in an amusing way.4.It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last. While saying these, I was scared as if some very unpleasant, horrible things had got out of my chest; but at the same time, I felt a bit delighted for I was finally able to make this awful part of me known to my mother.5.And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point, I wanted to see it spill over.And I could feel that her anger was coming to the point where her endurance and self-control would collapse, but I wanted to see what exactly she would do when that happened.6.The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it not only shut out the dust but also put an end to my misery and my mother’s dreams as well.1.Yet globalization… Is a reality, not a choice.However, as one report said, globalization “is now an ordinary fact of life, not something one can choose to have or not.”2.Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups favored by the general public have appeared in large numbers to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault.”3.Where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand.Where the two trends- the dislike and fear of things foreign and the desire to build China into one of a powerful, industrialized economy- have often contended with each other for dominance.4.Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work.Those people in countries like China should continue to live a backward life while we ourselves will enjoy a comfortable life with all modern facilities.5.Westernization is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows.Westernization is a concept full of self-contradictions and held by people of very different backgroundsand views.6.You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.You don’t have to look fashionable or attractive in order to find out what will be the future trend; you only need to be observant and be able to make judgments about it.7.He was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was playing the game on the Internet with people living in different parts of the world, an activity that goes far beyond the limit of time zones.8.In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000.In the first two weeks after starting business in Shanghai, the Gucci Store made as much as $100,000, a surprisingly large amount of money.9.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture.Early before that/ From the very beginning I realized I was going to need some guidance that would lead me through the rich and wide variety of global cultures.10.The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of expressing repentance may have been characteristic of the Jews, but the desire for forgiveness from God was common to people of all cultures.1.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by writer.Unlike a pianist or a painter who must have a piano or hire models, or visit famous cities like Paris, Vienna and Berlin, or to be taught by masters and mistresses, a writer does not need all this.2.she would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes and beliefs( represented by the Angel) would have taken away the essence/ soul of my writing.3.Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her. Thus whenever I felt the influence of traditional Victorian values and attitudes( about gender roles) on my writing, I fought back with all my power.4.For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I doubt that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.This is because, even though men readily allow themselves full freedom in speaking or writing about such as the body and passions, I don’t think they realize how severely they condemn or can control their extremely severe condemnation of, such freedom in women.5.Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to write a book without findinga phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against.No doubt, it will still take a long time, as I believe, before women are finally able to enjoy the freedom of writing without having to fight those conventional values, beliefs and prejudices that are unfavorable to them.6. Even?when?the?path?is?nominally?open- when?there?is?nothing?to?prevent?a?woman?from? being a doctor,a lawyer, a civil servant -there are many?phantoms?and?obstacles,?as?I?believe,?looming in her way.Even?though?the?path?is?now?open?to?women?in?name?only,?when?they?have?the?freedom?to choose to?be?a?doctor,?a?lawyer, a civil servant,?I?believe?that?there?still?exist?many?false?ideas?and obstacles to impede a woman’s progress.7.You?have?won?rooms?of?your?own?in?the?house?hitherto?exclusively?owned?by?men.By fighting against?the?Angel?in?the?House?and?through?your?painstaking?efforts,?you?have?gained?a position and some freedom in a society which has so far been dominated by men.1.It took me a long time and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to achieve a realization everyone else appears to have been born with: that I am nobody but myself.It took me a long time to get rid of illusions and realize the simple and apparent truth that I am nobody but myself. It was a painful process. I started with high expectations only to be deeply disappointed and thoroughly disillusioned.2.And yet I am no freak of nature, nor of history. I was in the cards, other things having been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago. I am perfectly normal physically and I am a natural product of history; my growth reflects history. When things seemed likely to happen to me, other things has been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago.3.About eighty-five?years?ago?they?were?told?that?they?were?free,?united?with?others?of?our?country in?everything?pertaining to the common?good,?and?in?everything?social,?separate?like?the fingers of the hand.About 85?years?ago,?they?were?told?that?they?were?freed?from?slavery?and?became?united?with the white people in all the essential things?having?to?do?with?the?common?interests?of?our country, but?in?social?life?the?blacks and whites still remain separated.4.In those?pre-invisible?days?I?visualized?myself?as?a?potential?Booker?T.?Washington.Inthose?days?before?I?realized?I?was?an?invisible?man,?I?imagined?that?I?would?become?a?successful?man?l ike Booker T. Washington.5.I wanted?at?one?and?the?same?time?to?run?from?the?room,?to?sink?through?the?floor,?or?go?to her and cover her from my eyes of the others?with?my?body;?to?feel?the?soft?thighs,? to caress her?and?destroy?her,?to?love?her?and?murder?her.On the?one?hand,?I?felt?so?embarrassed?that?I?wanted?to?run?away?from?the?ballroom.?On?the?other hand I took pity on the girl and so wanted?to?protect?the?naked?girl?from?the?eyes?of?the other men. I?wanted?to?love?her?tenderly?because?she was an attractive girl,?but?at?the?same?time?I?wanted todestroy?her?because?after?all?she was the immediate cause of our embarrassment.6.Should?I?try?to?win?against?the?voice?out?there??Would?not?this?go?against?my?speech,?and?was not this a moment for humility, for nonresistance?If I?should?try?my?best?and?win?the?fight,?then?I?would?be?winning?against?the?bet?of?that?white man, who shouted “I got my money on?the?big?boy.?"?In?that?case?I?would?not?behave?with?humility, and yet?my?speech?talked?about humility as the essence of success. So?maybe?I?should?let?that big boy win?without?putting?up?resistance,?for?this?was?time?for?me?to?show?humility.7. “ Cast down your bucket where you are” - cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded.Make full?use?of?what?you?have?and?do?the?best?you?can.?Take?this?attitude?in?making?friends?in every honorable way, making friends with people of different races among whom we live.8.“You weren't?being?smart,?were?you,?boy?"?"We?mean?to?do?right?by?you,?but?you've?got?to know your place at all times.”You were?not?trying?to?seem?clever?in?a?disrespectful?way,?were?you,?boy??We?intend?to?do?the right thing by setting you up as role model,?but?you?must?never?forget?who?you?are.1. And I was conscious?of?his?superiority?in?a?way?which?was?embarrassing?and?led?to?trouble.?I knew that?Oppenheimer?was?a?man?of?great?talent?his?way?of?showing?his?talent?at?seminars caused uneasiness and resentment among people,?especially?among?his?fellow?students.?2.This did not?seem?to?be?the?sort?of?anecdote?that?would?go?over?especially?well?at?a?conference?devotes to poetry.Since those?attending?the?conference?were?people?devoted?to?poetry,?such?an?anecdote,?though interesting, might not be appreciated by the audience.3.Pitted against?these?excellent?reasons?for?my?not?going?to?the?conference?were?two?others?that? finally carried the day.These were?two?reasons?for?my?going?to?the?conference?ser?against?the?reasons?for?my?not?going?and they became decisive in my final decision.4.He is,?for?me,?one?of?those?people?whose?writing?about?their?writing?is?more?interesting than their writing itself.According to?my?view,?Spender?belongs?to?the?group?whose?writings?about?their?lives,?experiences that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting?than?their?literary?works.?5.Auden’s Dirac-like?lucidity,?the?sheer?wonder?of?the?language,?and?the?sense?of?fun?about serious things …Were to me irresistible. Like Dirac,?Auden?was?outstanding?in?clarity.?He?was?also?outstanding?in?the?powerful?use?of?the language and the sense of fun about serious?issues.?All?these?greatly?fascinated?me.?6.Spender’s journal?entry?on?his?visit?is?fascinating?both?for?what?it?says?and?for?what?it?does?not say.Spender’s record?of?this?visit?is?interesting?not?only?because?of?the?things?he?mentions?but?also because of the things he doesn’t say.7.Oppenheimer appears in Spender’s journal as?a?disembodied?figure?with?no?contextual?relevance?to?Spender’s own life.In his book Spender?fails?to?give?a?connected,?complete?picture?of?Oppenheimer?and?does?nit mention that Oppenheimer’s background and?situation?has?quite?a?lot?to?do?with?Spender.?8.The real thing was much better.The real?person?looked?much?better?than?the?pictures.9.One probably?should?not?read?too?much into appearance.Maybe one?should?not?attach?too?much?importance?to?appearance.?10. He had outlived?them?all,?but?was?still?under?their?shadow,?especially?that?of?Auden…?He had lived?longer?than?any?of?his?more?famous?friends?but?traces?or?influences?of?these?friends, especially those of Auden, could still be found on him.1. Your imagination?comes?to?life,?and?this,?you?think,is?where?Creation?was?begun.?The landscape?makes?your?imagination?vivid?and?lifelike,?and?you?believe?that?the?creation?of?the whole universe was begun right here.2.But warfare?for?the?Kiowas?was?preeminently?a?matter?of?disposition?rather?than?of?survival,?and they never understood the grim ,unrelenting?advance?of?the?.?Cavalry.TheKiowas?often?fought?just?because?they?were?good?warriors,?because?they?fought?out?of?habit,?character, nature, not because they?needed?extra?lands?or?material?gains?for?the?sake?of?surviving?and thriving.?And?they?could?not understand why the .?Cavalry?never?gave?up?pushing?forward even when?they?had?won?a?battle.?3.My grandmother?was?spared?the?humiliation?of?those?high?gray?walls?by?eight?or?ten?years.Luckily my?grandmother?did?not?suffer?the?humiliation?of?being?put?into?a?closure?for?holding?animals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.4. It was?a?long?journey?toward?dawn,?and?it?led?to?a?golden?age.?They moved?toward?the?east,?where?the?sun?rises,?and?also?toward?the?beginning?of?a?new culture, which led to the treatest moment of their history.5.They acquired?horses,?and?their?ancient?nomadic?spirit?was?suddenly?free?of?the?ground.?Now they?got?horses.?Riding?on?horseback,?instead?of?walking?on?football,?gave?them?this?new freedom ofmovement, thus completely liberating?their?ancient?nomadic?spirit.6.From one?point?of?view,?their?migration?was?the?fruits?of?an?old?prophecy,?for?indeed?they emergedfrom a sunless world.In a sense,?their?migration?confirmed?the?ancient?myth?that?they?entered?the?world?from?a?hollow log,for they did emerge from the?sunless?world?of?the?mountains.?7.The Kiowas?reckoned?their?stature?by?the?distance?they?could?see,?and?they?were?bent?and blind in the wilderness.Their stature?was?measured?by?the?distance?they?could?see.?Yet,?because?of?the?dense?forests,?they could not see very far, and they could?hardly?stand?straight.?8.Clusters of?trees?and?animals?grazing?far?in?the?distance?cause?the?vision?to?reach?away?and wonderto build upon the mind. The ?earth?unfolds?and?the?limit?of?the?land?is?far?in?the?distance,?where?there?are?clusters?of?trees?and animals eating grass. This landscape makes?one?see?far?and?broadens?one's?horizon.?9. Not yet?would?they?veer?southward?to?the?caldron?of?the?land?that?lay?below;they?must?wean their blood from the northern winter and hold?the?mountains?a?while?longer?in?their?view.?They would?not?yet?change?the?direction?southward?to?the?land?lying?below?which?was?like?a?large kettle. First they must give their bodies?some?time?to?get?used?to?the?plains.?Secondly,?they?did not want to lose?sight?of?the?mountains?so?soon.?10.I was?never?sure?that?I?had?the?right?to?hear,?so?exclusive?were?they?of?all?merely?custom?and? company.I was?not?sure?that?I?had?any?right?to?overhear?her?praying,?which?did?not?follow?any?customary?way of praying, add which I guess ?she?did?not?want?anyone?else?to?hear.?11. Transported so?in?the?dancing?light?among?the?shadows?of?her?room?she?seemed?beyond?the reach of time. But that was illusion; I?think?I?knew?then?that?I?should?not?see?her?again.?In this?way?she?was?entranced?in?the?dancing?light?among?the?shadows?of?her?room,?and?she?seemed to be timeless(what sh represented would last forever)12.The women?might?indulge?themselves;?gossip?was?at?once?the?mark?and?compensation?of their servitude.On these special?occasions,?women?might?make?loud?and?elaborate?jokes?and?talk?among?themselves. Their gossip revaeled their position as servants of men and a reward for their servitude.。
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Unit 1●翻译：（黑体的汉字表示与教师用书不同，斜体的汉字表示重点翻译不要遗漏）passion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity—sometimes only the trials of adversity canfoster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. (Para.6)慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力——有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。
2.In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armorthat normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away. (Para.12) 在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。
3.They say that material ambitions suddenly seem silly and the pleasures of friends and familyparamount—and that the crisis allowed them to recognize in line with their new priorities.(Para.14)他们说物质追求突然间变得很无聊，而朋友和家庭带来的快乐变得极为重要，他们还说危机使他们能够按照这些新的优先之事来重新认识生活。
4.They cycle through the same sequence of sensations as do trauma survivors: self–loss,confusion and, finally, a new sense of mastery. (Para.16)他们和经历创伤的幸存者所反复经历的感觉过程一样：自我失落，困惑，最后获得一种新的驾驭感。
●复述：1.Still, actually implementing these changes, as well as fully coming to terms with a new reality,usually takes conscious effort. (Para.13)It is necessary for people to take effort consciously in order to fulfill these changes and compromise with a new reality.2.They are surprised by their own strength, confident that they can handle whatever else lifethrows at them. (Para.15)They are surprised by their power and they are confident that they can deal with whatever they experience through life.3.The sleep deprivation and the necessity of putting aside personal pleasure in order to carefor an infant mean that people with newborns are more likely to be depressed and find their marriage on the rocks. (Para.17)It is likely for parents with new-born babies to feel depressed and to feel difficult to maintain their marriage because they have been deprived of sleeping hours and they have to put aside their personal pleasure in order to care for the baby.Unit 4●翻译：1.Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy. My mind would get caughtup in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and I’d spend hours strolling th rough long stretches of prose. (Para.1)过去总是不费什么劲儿就能让自己沉浸在一本书或者一篇长文章中，被其中的叙述或不同的论点深深吸引。
我还会花数小时徜徉在长篇散文中。
2.Even when I’m not working, I’m as likely as not to be foraging in the Web’s info–thickets —reading and writing emails, scanning headlines and blog posts, watching videos and listeningto podcasts, or just tripping from link to link to link. (Para.2)即使在工作之余，我也很有可能在信息丰富的网络里遨游——收发电子邮件、浏览头条新闻、点击博客、看视频、听播客或者只是从一个链接跳转到一个又一个链接。
3.Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a JetSki. (Para.3)曾经我是文字海洋中的潜水者，现在我则像是摩托艇骑手在海面上风驰电掣。
4.“What if I do all my reading on the web not so much because the way I read has changed, i.e.I’m just seeking convenience, but because the way I think has changed?”(Para.4)“如果对我来说，通过网络来阅读的真正理由与其来说是我的阅读方式发生了改变，比如，我只是图个方便，不如说是我的思维方式在发生变化，那么我该怎么办呢？”5.Thanks to the ubiquity of text on the Internet, not to mention the popularity oftext–messaging on cell phones, we may well be reading more today than we did in the 1970s or 1980s, when television was our medium of choice. (Para.7)多亏铺天盖地的网络文本，更别说当下时兴的手机短信，可供我们阅读的东西很可能比上世纪七八十年代要多了，那是，我们选择的媒体还是电视。
6.Our ability to interpret text, to make the rich mental connections that form when we readdeeply and without distraction, remains largely disengaged. (Para.7)我们对文句的诠释，心无旁骛、深度阅读时形成的丰富的精神联系，这些能力很大程度上已经消失了。
7.The variations extend across many regions of the brain, including those that govern suchessential cognitive functions as memory and the interpretation of visual and auditory stimuli.(Para.8)这种变化延伸到大脑的多个区域，包括那些支配诸如记忆、视觉和听觉刺激的诠释这样的关键认知功能的部位。
●复述：1.The advantages of having immediate access to such an incredibly rich store of informationare many, and they’ve been widely described and duly applauded. (Para.3)There are many advantages of the direct approach to such an unbelievable rich sore of information and the advantages have been widely described and appropriately welcomed.2.His vision was failing, and keeping his eyes focused on a page had become exhausting andpainful, often bringing on crushing headaches. (Para.9)His eyesight was poorer, and keeping his eyes stayed on a page had become energy-consuming, often resulting in serious headaches.Unit 9●翻译：1. A skyscraper complex, militant group, and distant country suddenly dominated the massmedia, as people sought to understand what had occurred, what to make of passenger planes tuned into missiles, and what to trust for credible information on terrorism. (Para.1) 一幢摩天大楼，一个武装组织，以及一个遥远的国家突然之间主宰了大众传媒。