“英语国家概况”考核大纲
“英语国家概况”新大纲中文考点（2）
后果：把英国⼈⾛出法国对两个国家都是幸事。
若英国⼈继续留在法国，那么法国⼈在领⼟和财富上所占的优势，必然阻碍英国作为⼀个独⽴民族的发展；⽽法国如果被外国势⼒占领了⼤量的领⼟，其民族特性的发展也要长期受阻。
Consequences of the Black Death ⿊死病的后果 ⿊死病是现代名称，指的是由⿏⾝上的跳蚤传播的，致使的⿏疫引起的传染性疾病。
14世纪传播到欧洲，1948年夏横扫全英国，夺去1/3⼈⼝的性命。
后果：⿊死病对经济影响深远。
⿏疫导致劳动⼒匮乏，存活的农民处于有利的讨价还价的地位，从农奴变成雇佣劳动⼒。
政府⾸次⼲预，制定法规维持低⼯资。
1951年政府颁布“劳⼯法令”，规定农民们涨⼯资的要求，或雇主⽀付⽐地⽅官制订的⼯资⽔平要⾼的⼯资都是犯罪。
这些镇压性措施以及⼀系列的⼈头税引起了⼴泛的极⼤不满。
4. Transition to the Modern Age 向现代过渡 The nature and consequences of the Wars of the Roses 玫瑰战争的性质和后果 玫瑰战争⼀词，是19世纪的⼤作家⽡尔特。
司考特创造的。
后专指两⽀⾦雀花家庭的争⽃。
红玫瑰代表兰开斯特家族，⽩玫瑰是约克家族的象征。
1455年战争爆发，1459⾄1460年双⽅多次交战。
1485年8⽉22⽇，在莱切斯特郡的博斯沃思原野进⾏了玫瑰战争的最后⼀战。
兰开斯特家族的亨利。
都铎，打败约克家族的理查德三世，不久后他娶了约克家族的伊莉莎⽩，从⽽将两⼤家族联合在了⼀起，国家处于都铎王朝的统治之下。
后果：玫瑰战争是贵族间的权利争⽃，⼤多数普通民众的利益未被卷⼊。
封建制度却遭受了致使打击，许多皇族⾎统的贵族阵亡，中世纪的贵族势⼒被⼤⼤削弱，名誉扫地。
⾄此国王权⼒变得⾄⾼⽆上。
Henry VIII and the English Reformation 享利⼋世和英国的宗教改⾰ 享利⼋世的成就是进⾏了宗教改⾰，改⾰的原因有三： 第⼀，改⾰教会的渴望已有多年，现受马丁。
英美概况实训大纲
《英语国家概况》实训大纲
执笔人：吴中桂编写日期：2008年9月一、开设系部
外语系
二、实训对象
商务英语专业学生
三、实训目的
本课程是英语专业学生的专业课程之一，主要通过英美等国政治、经济、历史和教育等基本知识的的学习，加深学生对英语国家文化的了解，从而促进英语语言的学习，培养英语思维，提高跨文化交际的能力，使之成为既具有一定的语言水平，有又能理解西方文化的外语人才。
四、实训要求
实训的教学内容主要分为英国概况和美国概况，主要采取演讲比赛、英语脱口秀比赛和英语角等形式，通过自主合作学习，资料收集与整理，讨论，交流，辩论等一系列活动，达到深入理解英语国家文化，切实提高语言运用能力的提高的目的。
五、课时、实训内容安排
六、考核与成绩认定
对于学生在英语演讲和脱口秀中的表现，根据其准备内容的丰富程度、相关性、逻辑性和语言表达能力进行等级评定和打分。
评定等级为优秀、良好、及格和不及格。
90—100分为优秀；80—89为良好；70—79为中等；60—69为及格；60分以下为不及格。
实训部分的成绩根据学时记入期末总分，占期末总成绩的30%。
英语国国家概况提纲
考试题型：1、Choices 20 * 1.5’ =30’2、True or False 20 * 1.5’ =30’3、Blank Filling 10 * 2’=20’4、Short answers 4 * 5’=20’Part One: General IntroductionMemo：Constitutional monarchy: 君主立宪政体Federal republic: 联邦共和国Parliament: 议会、国会Monarch: 君主Whit Sunday: 圣灵降临节◆UK consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.◆USA is known as the “melting pot”.National Flag:UK——Union FlagScotland: White saltine on the blue field——Saint AndrewIreland: Red saltine on the white field——Saint PatrickEngland: Red cross on the white field——Saint GeorgeThe fifty stars on the flag, represent the fifty American states and the 13 stripes represent the original 13 colonies the rebelled against the British Crown and become the first states in the Union.1. The largest continental state is Texas. 德州2. The largest state is Alaska.3. The smallest state is Rhode Island. 罗得岛4. The north most state is Alaska.5. The south most state is Florida.6. The most densely populated state is California.7. The most scarcely is Wyoming. 怀俄明州Part Two: HistoryMemo:Magna Carta: 《大宪章》◆ King Arthur: 阿瑟王。
英语国家概况复习范围.docx
英美概况课后习题Chapter 1 The Land (P8)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it(B) l. The full and official name of Great Britain changed into its present-day form in the year ofB .(B) _____________________________________ 2. The highest mountain peak in Britain is in _B _______________________________________A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales (A) ____________________________ 3. Thelongest river in Britain is the ___________ A_ River. A. Severn B. Thames C. Mersey(D)4. The largest lake in Britain is located in _D ___ . A. England B. Scotland C. Wales(A) ________________________________________ 5. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called —A _____________________________________A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell(D)6. The Lake District is well-known for _D __ ・A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the lake PoetsD. all of the above three(A) 7. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?AA. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD ・ more fogs (C) 8. The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in _____ C ____ ・ A. Scotland B. England C. Wales D. the North Sea IV> Translate the following into Chinese1・ Greenwich格林威治 13. The Thames River 泰晤士河14. The Severn River 塞汶河 15. Lake Neigh 讷湖16. Lake District 湖区18. Edinburgh 爱丁堡19. Cardiff 加的夫Chapter 2 The People (P17)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it(C) 2. The English people are descendants of CA. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes(C)3・ Middle English took shape about a century after the C Conquest.A. Roman B ・ Anglo-Saxon C ・ Norman D ・ Danish(A) 6. The established church of Britain is AA. The Church of EnglandB. Free churchC. The United Reformed ChurchD. The Church of Scotland(A) 7・ Which of the following religious sects does not belong to Free Churches?AA. the Roman Catholic ChurchB ・ Quakers C. Methodists D. BaptistsA.1920B. 1927C. 1914D. 1945D. Northern IrelandD. Humber D. Northern Ireland(A)& Easter is kept, commemorating the D of Jesus Christ・A. ComingB. Birth C・ Death D. ResurrectingIV> Translate the following into Chinese1.Middle English2.Modem English3.The Church of England6.Christinas7.Easter8.Westminster Abbey 11. Poets1 Corner 中期英语现代英语英格兰圣公会圣诞节复活节西敏寺大教堂诗人角Questions1 ・ ShakespeareGreat Tragediesa)Hamletb)Othelloc)King Leard)MacbethGreat Comediese)The Merchant of Venicef)The Twelfth Nightg) A Midsummer Night^s Dreamh)As you Like ItChapter 4 Parliament and Government (P35)L Choices1. Which of the following statement is NOT true of British political system?BA.Britain has no codified constitution.B.Britain is a federal state.C・ Britain still keeps an old-fashioned government.D. British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.3.A bill that deals with finance is always introduced ____ C ____ ・A. by the Chancellor of the Exchequer B・ in the House of Lords.C.in the House of CommonsD. in the Privy Council4.In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of __ C _______ ・A. the QueenB. lhe Prime ministerC< the House of Commons D. the House of Lords5.The British government ministers are responsible to _______ B _____ for the work of their department.A. the House of LordsB. ParliamentC. the QibinetD. the Privy Council6.All the government ministers of Britain must be members of ____ D ____ .A. the House of Lords B・ the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. Parliament8. Civil servants who are concerned with administration are forbidden ______ B __________A. to be voters at electionsB< to be candidates for parliamentC. to continue their work when government changesD.to compete with others for a higher rankIL Blank Filling1.The British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.2・ The present sovereign of Britain is Queen Elisabeth 11, and Prince Charles is the heir to the throne ・4.Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in Britain.5.Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.6・ The president of the House of Lord is the Lord Chancellor, and the presiding officer of the House of Commons is "Mr. Speaker".Questions2.The Privy CouncilThe Privy Council was formerly lhe chief source of executive power in the slate and give private advice to the King. So the Privy Council was also called the King's Council in history. Today its role is largely formal, advising the sovereign to approve certain government decrees・Chapter 5 Party Politics and Judiciary (P35)I. Choices1 ・ The conservative and the Labour parties have been in power by turns ever since____ c____ .A. the end of the 19th centuryB. the end of the First World WarC. the end of the Second World WarD. the end of 1960s2・ The general election in Britain is held every ________ C ___ year・A. 3B.4C.5D. 67.The party that has the majority of seats in ______ A_ will form the govemment in Britain.A. the house of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the privy CouncilD. the Cabinet14. The Famous "Scotland YarcT refers to ________ B ___ ・A. CIAB. CID D. New Scotland Yard D. House of ParliamentChapter 6 Early Man and the Feudal Society (P54)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C)1・ The earliest settlers on the British Isles were the __ C _____ ・A. CeltsB. GaelsC. IberiansD. Brythons(B)2. From 700 B.C., the Celts came from the ____ B ___ and began to inhabit British isles.A. Iberian PeninsulaB. Upper RhinelandC・ Lower Rhineland D・ Scandinavian countries(B)3. In 43 A・D・, Roman under _____ B conquered Britain・A. Julius CaesarB. Claudius C・ Augustine D・ the Pope(B)4.Roman Britain lasted until the year of ___ B __ when all Roman troops went back to thecontinent.A. 400 A.D.B.410A.D.C.445 A.D. D.449A.D.(D)5.Which of the following was NOT a thing of value left behind by Roman? DA. Welsh ChristianityB. the Roman RoadsC. citiesD. enormous wealth(A)6.In the middle of fifth century, Anglo-Saxons came from the region of ____ A— and the lowCountries and settled in Britain・A. DenmarkB. NorwayC. GermanyD. Holland(D)&Which of the follow kingdoms was NOT set up by Angle? DA. NorthumbriaB. MerciaC. East AngliaD. Kent(A)9.Which of the follow kingdoms was set up by the Jutes? AA. KentB. SussexC. WessexD. Essex(C)13•“Doomsday Book" was in fact a record of each marfs _________ C ___ .A. experienceB. behavior C・ property D・ reputation(B)15.The Great Charter was made in the interest of ___ B ___ .A. the KingB. the feudal lordsC. the townsmenD. the merchants(B)The first British parliament was summoned in the year of ____ ・A.1215 B 1265 C.1295 D.1343Chapter 7 Decline of Feudalism and the Bourgeois Revolution (P65)L Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it(C)1. ___ C— launched the Hundred Years5 War.A. Edward IB. Edward IIC. Edward IIID. Henry III(C)2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?CA. The Hundred Years War was a feudal war.B・ The Hundred Years War was a trade war.C.The Hundred Years War lasted for one hundred years・D.The Hundred Years War is one of the historical events that marked the decline offeudalism in Britain・(D)4.Black Death to some extent brought ___ D __ to villains・A. Higher wagesB. greater freedomC. better life D・ both A and B(D)7.War of Roses were fought ____ D_ between the Lacastrians and the Yorkists from 1455 to1485.A. constantlyB. irregularly C・ continuously D. intermittently(D)9.The House of Tudor was founded in ___ D_.A. 1455B. 1465C. 1475D. 1485(C)lO.The British Bourgeois Revolution took place in the __ C ___ c entury.A. 15thB. 16thC. 17thD. 18th(A)11 ・ Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT true? AA.the Renaissance was a revival of interest in many things that the early Middle Ages hadcared about.B.the Renaissance was a cultural movement by humanists.C.the Renaissance spread into England under the Tudor.D.During the Renaissance, the theatre attained great popularity under Elizabeth・(A)16.The King's men at the beginning of the first Civil War were called _____ A ____ ・A. CavaliersB. roundheadsC. PuritansD. Presbyterians(D)19. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Commonwealth period? DA.Cromwell suppressed the diggers.B.Cromwell killed Levelers in the army.C・ Cromwell conquered Ireland.D. Cromwell restored the House of Stuart・(D)2O.The "glorious revolution^ of 1688 put __ D_ on the throne.A. Charles IB. Charles IIC. James IID. William of OrangeQuestions& Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝的复辟Chapter 8 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement (P74) LChoose the best answer and circle the letter before it.(B)l. The British Industrial Revolution first began in the B industry・A. iron and steelB. textileC. coal-miningD. ship-building(A)2・A invented the "spinning Jenny：A. James HargreavesB. Richard ArkwrightC.Edmund CartwrightD. James Watt(D)3. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, which of the following statements is NOT true? DA.Productivity was greatly increased・B.Un skilled workers were employed.C.Many new cities sprang up.D.Workers9 living and working conditions were improved・Questions10. What were the consequences(结果)of the British Industrial Revolution?A: First, the industrial bourgeoisie(工业资产阶级)gained supremacy(最高权力，霸主地位) in the 1840s not only in the economic but also in the political life of the country. Second, productivity was greatly increased・ Third, as a result of the growth of industry, population was more and more concentrated in towns and cities.Chapter 9 The British Empire and British Imperialism (P84)I.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(B)l. The first British colony was B_・A. New EnglandB. NewfoundlandC. West IndiesD. India(C)5. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism c ?A. foreign territorial expansionB. export of capitalC・ free competition D・ monopoly(B)6. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ___ ?A. GermanyB. France C・ Austria-Hungary D・ Italy(D)7. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente d ?A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Italy(D)8. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in 1930s d ?A. Factories closed B・ Banks failedC・ Foreign trade shriveled D. Unemployment rate was low(C)9.In 1930s,the League of Nations was controlled by —C—A. Russia and the USB. Britain and the USC. Britain and FranceD. Germany and Britain(C)l 1. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor c ?A. 1939B.1940C. 1941D.1942(D)12. The British Commonwealth of Nations is a _______ D _____ organization・A・ military A・ cultural C. economic D. phony(B)14. The underlying aim of Thatcherism is ____ b ____ ・A. nationalizationB. denationalization C・ cutting wages D. increasing public expenditure (C)15・ Mrs・ Thatcher failed to win the general election in 1990 mainly because of c •A.the slow development of the British economyB.the high inflationC.the high rate of unemploymentD.the high rate of taxes(C)16・ China and Britain established the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of c .A.1950B.1954C. 1972D.1997Chapter 10 The Land (P97)L Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.(B)l. The continental Unite States is situated in the _C— part of North America.A. northernB. southernC. centralD. eastern(B)2. The United States is the __ B __ largest country in the world in terms of area.A. thirdB. forthC. fifthD. sixth(C)3.—C _ is the largest state of the United States in area.A. HawaiiB. TexasC. Alaska D・ Pennsylvania(D)9. River __ D ___ f lows through New York City.A. MissouriB. St. LawrenceC. ColoradoD. Hudson(B)10. Of the five Great Lakes, Lake __ B __ i s wholly within the US.A. SuperiorB. MichiganC. HuronD. Erie(C)11. Niagara Falls is located on the US Canadian boundary between __ C ____ ・A. Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.B. Lake Huron and Lake Erie・C. Lake Erie and Lake Ontario・D. Lake Superior and Lake Michigan(D)17. the deposits of _______ D ____ in the US rank the first in the world.A. tinB. copperC. goldD. natural gas(A)19・ the __ A ____ area rich in nonferrous metal deposits in the US.A. Western mountain rangesB. great PlainsC. Central LowlandD. Appalachian mountain range(D)20. Which of the following is NOT in Washington D.C.? DA. the US CapitolB. the white HouseC. Pentag on buildingD. the UN headquartersV. Match the names of the cities in Column A with their features in Column B・Column A Column B.1. c Washington D.C. a. the third largest city of the US2. d New York b. the film center and the second largest city of the US 3・ a Chicago c. the seat of the federal government4. b Los Angeles d. the largest city in the US5. _ g_ Philadelphia e. Space City USA"6. h Detroit f. he largest leather, shoe and wool market7. e Houston g・ the seat of the Continental Congress8. i San Francisco h. "Motor City ,USA"Chapter 11 The People (P107)I • Choose the best answer and circle the letter before in.(B)l. The dominant ethnic group in the United States today is _B_・A. the Black peopleB. WASPsC. Asian AmericansD. Hispanics(B)2. The —B_ constitute the largest ethnic-racial minority group in the United States.A. American IndiansB. Hispanics C・ Black D. Asian Americans(D)___________________________________________ 3・ Race is different from ethnicity because its basis is _D __________________________ ・A. country of originB. religion C・ language spoken D. skin color(A)4・ The _ A _ are at the very bottom of the society in the United States.A. BlacksB. HispanicsC. non-WASPsD. Asians(D)5. The state of—d_ is the largest in population today・A. New YorkB. ColoradoC. ArizonaD. California(B)7. Hispanics in the US speak —b _A. EnglishB. SpanishC. French D・ their native languages(D)9. —D_ outnumber other religious groups in the United States-A. MethodistsB. CongregationalistsC. QuakersD. ProtestantsQuestions1. Should the United States be a melting pot or a salad bowl?The United States is a nation of many ethnic groups, making it a "melting pof\ meaning people with different cultural and ethnical backgrounds immigrate to the United States, live together, get mixed and build up this culture that is called American culture today・America is similar to a Salad Bowl, as every culture can find its position in American society. The immigrants may observe the shared culture of US while keeping their original identities.Chapter 13 Government System (P122)L Choices(B) 2. The president of the United States exercises the _______ b __ power.A. legislativeB. executiveC. JudicialD. veto(A)4. _____ A ____ has the veto power in legislation in the United States.(B)5. Congress can veto the President^ veto by a _______ B _____ vote of the full membership of both houses.A. two-fifthsC. three-fourths(D) 6. Under the US Constitution, the President has the power to _____ D ___ without the consent of the Senate.A. appoint high officialsB・ sign a treaty with other nationsC.declare war upon other nationsD.sign an executive agreement with other nations・B. two-thirdsD. three-fifths(B) 7. The Constitution f the United States says that only ______ B _____ c an declare war upon other nations.C・ Department of Defense D. the national Security Council(B)& The department of _____ B_ advises the President on foreign relations.A. Defense B- state C. Commerce D. Labor(C)10. FBI and Federal Prisons are among the「esponsibilities of the Department of __ C ___ .A. stateB. DefenseC. Justice D・ Commerce(D)13・ The number of representatives from each state is fixed according to the size of____ D ____ the State has.A. the territory B・ the economy C・ the voters D. the population(B)14. Representatives in the United Sates are elected __________ B _____ ・A. annuallyB. every 2 yearsC. every 3 yearsD. every four years(C)15. Impeachment of the President should be __________ C ____ ・A. proposed by the Senate and decided on by the House.B・ Proposed by the House and decided on by the Supreme CourtC.proposed by the House and decided on by the SenateD.proposed by the Senate and decided on the Supreme CourtIL Blank Filling1. The constitution of United States follows two principles: the federal system and the "separation of powers：5. In the United States treaties signed by the President with other nations and officials appointed by him must be confirmed by (he Senate.Questions:12.What are the two principles followed by the constitution? Explain each.The federal system means that the states have the right to self-government while the separation of powers means the three branches of the federal government are independent of each other, but each checks the other two (checks and balances).ment on the relationship between the President and Congress.If the president vetoes the bill passed by the congress, his veto may be overruled by a two-thirds vote of both houses of the Congress and the bill became the law.Chapter 14 State Government and Party Politics (P135)I. ChoicesI•____ B _____ is the most important part of a state government.A. The executiveB. The legislatureC. The JudicialD. The governor3. The chief executive of a state is the ___ A __________ .A. governorB. sheriffC. Supreme CourtD. council8. Two political parties emerged in the middle of the 19th century united States over the issue of _____ A ___ .A. slaveryB. the ConstitutionC. admission of new statesD. the economic developmentII• The General Election in the United States is held every ____ B _____ years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 15 The Early Colonization (P145)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it(C)l. Christopher Columbus was a(n) C navigator .A. EnglishB. FrenchC. ItalianD. Spanish(A)2. The New World discovered by Columbus was named after _ .A. Amerigo VespucciB. Christopher ColumbusC. Ferdinand MagellanD. Marco Polo(B)3. The earliest British settlement on North America was BA. PlymouthB. JamestownC. QuebecD. St. Louis(B)4. The Puritans9 first settlement on North America was B •A. JamestownB. PlymouthC. New OrleansD. Virginia(11) The Southern Colonies developed a ____ C ____ system with the exploitation of slave lab or.A. industrialB. small farmC. plantation D・ SlaveryChapter 16 American Revolution (P155)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C)l.The French and Indian War was a war fought between _ C_A. the French and IndiansB. the English and IndiansC .the French and the English D・ The English and the Spanish(B)2.As a result of the French and Indian War, the —lost all their land in North America.A. English B・ French C. Indians D. Spanish(C)10. The Second Continental Congress was held in c ・A. New York CityB. BostonC. PhiladelphiaD. Valley Forge(B)ll. Karl Marx called the Declaration of Independence ____ •A. the first decision made by the Second Continental CongressB・ the first declaration of the rights of the individualC.the first Bill of RightsD.the first Constitution of the United States(B)12・The victory at was a turning point of the American War of Independence.A. TrentonB. SaratogaC. Valley ForgeD. Yorktown(C)13. The Constitutional Convention was held in C in May 1787 .A. BostonB. New YorkC. PhiladelphiaD. Washington D. C・Questions:12・ Translate the main idea of the Declaration of Independence into Chinese? "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.^我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人牛而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。
英语国家概况考试大纲
英语国家概况考试大纲一、介绍概述英语国家概况考试旨在对学生对英语国家的文化、历史、地理、政治和经济等方面的知识进行综合考察。
通过该考试，学生可以更全面地了解英语国家的各个方面，拓宽自己的国际视野，提高跨文化交际能力。
二、考试目标英语国家概况考试主要考察以下几个方面的知识：1. 地理知识：包括英语国家的地理位置、主要城市、自然地理和地理特点等。
2. 历史知识：包括英语国家的历史沿革、重要事件和历史人物等。
3. 政治知识：包括英语国家的政治制度、行政结构、政党体系和选举制度等。
4. 经济知识：包括英语国家的经济发展状况、主要产业和经济特点等。
5. 文化知识：包括英语国家的文化传统、宗教信仰、节日习俗和艺术形式等。
三、考试形式英语国家概况考试采用闭卷形式，包括选择题和简答题。
选择题主要考察对基础知识的掌握程度，简答题则要求学生能够对所学知识进行运用和拓展。
四、备考建议1. 充分了解考纲要求：仔细阅读考试大纲，了解各个方面的考察内容和重点。
2. 多途径获取信息：通过阅读相关书籍、报纸、杂志和观看纪录片等多种途径获取所需信息。
3. 制定合理的学习计划：根据考试大纲的要求，制定合理的学习计划，合理分配时间，保证每个方面都有足够的时间进行学习。
4. 做好笔记整理：在学习过程中，及时做好笔记整理，方便复习和回顾。
5. 多练习，提高应试能力：通过做相关练习题，加强对知识点的理解和掌握，提高解题能力和应试能力。
五、考试注意事项1. 仔细审题：在答题之前，要仔细审题，确保理解题意，明确要求，避免解题偏差。
2. 合理安排答题时间：根据题目的分值和难度，合理安排答题时间，避免因时间不够而影响到其他题目的完成。
3. 语言表达准确清晰：在回答简答题时，要注意语言表达的准确性和清晰度，避免出现理解困难或模糊不清的情况。
六、总结通过英语国家概况考试的学习和备考，我们可以更全面地了解英语国家的各个方面知识，拓宽自己的国际视野，提高对跨文化交际的理解和应对能力。
《英语国家概况》自学教材目录及考试大纲
附：自学考试《英语国家概况》自学考试教材目录（课程代码：0522）Part one The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter1Land and PeopleChapter2The Origins of a Nation(5000BC-AD1066)Chapter3The Shaping of the Nation(1066——1381)Chapter4Transition tO the Modern Age(1455——1688)Chapter5The Rise and Fall of the British Empire(1688——1990)Chapter6The EconomyChapter7Government and AdministrationChapter8Justice and the LawChapter9Social AffairsChapter10Cultural AffairsPart Two The Republic of IrelandChapter11Geography and HistoryChapter12Ireland TodayPart Three The United States of AmericaChapter13GeographyChapter14Population．Race and Ethnic GroupsChapter15American History(I)(1600——1900)Chapter16American History(II)(1900-1945)Chapter17American History(III)America in Post Era(1945-1980s)Chapter18The EconomyChapter19Political InstitutionsChapter20EducationChapter21Literature．Architecture and MusicChapter22Holidays and FestivalsPart Four CanadaChapter23Geography and HistoryChapter24The EconomyChapter25Government and PoliticsChapter26Society and CulturePart Five AustraliaChapter27Land and PeopleChapter28Australian History(I)Australia to FederationChapter29Australian History(II)Australia Since FederationChapter30The EconomyChapter31Government and PoliticsChapter32Society and CulturePart Six New ZealandChapter33The Making of New ZealandChapter34New Zealand Today第一部分英国概况第一章国土和人民第二章英国民族起源（5000BC~AD1066）第三章民族的形成（1066~1381）第四章向现代过渡时期的英国（1455~1688）第五章大英帝国的兴衰（1688~1990）第六章经济第七章英国政府机构第八章法律与司法机构第九章英国社会第十章英国文化第二部分爱尔兰概况第十一章爱尔兰地理与历史第十二章今日爱尔兰第三部分美国概况第十三章美国地理第十四章人口、种族和种族集团第十五章美国历史（I）（1600~1900）第十六章美国历史（II）（1900~1945）第十七章美国历史（III）二次大战后的美国（1945-1980S）第十八章美国经济第十九章政治体制第二十章教育第二十一章文学、建筑和音乐第二十二章假日和节日第四部分加拿大概况第二十三章加拿大地理与历史第二十四章加拿大经济第二十五章加拿大政府与政治第二十六章加拿大的社会与文化第五部分澳大利亚概况第二十七章土地与人民第二十八章澳大利亚联邦成立之前的历史第二十九章澳大利亚联邦成立以来的历史第三十章澳大利亚经济第三十一章澳大利亚政府与政治制度第三十二章澳大利亚社会与文化第六部分新西兰概况第三十三章新西兰地理与历史第三十四章今日新西兰附件：《英语国家概况自学考试大纲》的考核目标Part One The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter1Land and PeopleI.Different Names for Britain and its PartsChapter2The Origins of a NationI．Early Settlers3．The CeltsII．Roman BritainIII．The Anglo-SaxonsⅣ．The Viking and Danish InvasionsV．The Norman ConquestChapter3The Shaping of the NationⅠ．Norman Rule1.William’s RuleⅡ．The Great Charter and the Beginning of Parliament1.The Great CharterⅢ．The Hundred Years’War with FranceⅣ．The Black Death and the Peasant UprisingChapter4Transition to the Modern AgeⅠ．Transition to the Modern AgeⅡ．The English ReformationⅢ．Elizabeth I1.Elizabeth and Parliament2.Elizabeth’s Religious Reform3.Elizabeth’s Foreign PolicyⅣ．The English RenaissanceVII.The Civil WarsVIII.The CommonwealthIX.The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution of1688Chapter5The Rise and Fall of the British EmpireⅠ．Whigs and ToriesⅡ．Agricultural Changes in the Late18th CenturyⅢ．The Industrial RevolutionⅣ．The Chartist MovementVII．Twentieth Century1.Britain and the First World War3.Britain and the Second World War4.Postwar BritainChapter7Government and AdministrationⅠ．The MonarchyⅡ．Parliament1.The House of Lords2.The House of CommonsⅢ．The Cabinet and MinistryⅣ．The Privy CouncilChapter8Justice and the LawIV．The JudiciaryV．PoliceChapter9Social AffairsⅠ．Health and Social Services1．The National Health ServiceⅢ．Religion1．Established churchesⅣ．Festivals and Public Holidays1．Christian festivals2．Other festivals3．Public holidaysChapter10Cultural AffairsⅠ．Education3．Higher educationⅡ．The Media1．NewspapersⅢ．SportsⅣ．The Arts3．DramaPart Two The Republic of Ireland Chapter11Geography and HistoryI.Geographical FeaturesII.Climate and WeatherIII.Population and ReligionIV.Historical backgroundPart Three The United States of America Chapter14Population,Race and Ethnic GroupsI.IntroductionIV.Racial and Ethnic Minorities1．BlacksChapter15American History(I)Ⅰ．Discovery of the New WorldⅡ．The Colonial PeriodⅢ．The War of IndependenceⅣ．A New Form of GovernmentⅥ．Territorial Expansion and Westward MovementⅦ．The Civil WarⅧ．Rapid Growth of Capitalism after the Civil WarChapter16American History(II)Ⅰ．Economic DevelopmentⅡ．ProgressivismⅢ．World War I and the United StatesⅣ．The United States in the1920sⅤ．The Great Depression and the New DealⅥ．World War II and the United StatesChapter17American History(III)Ⅰ．The Origins of the Cold WarⅡ．The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan V．McCarthyismVII．American Society During the Postwar Boom:1945-1960s VIII．The Cuban Missile CrisisIX．The Vietnam WarX．United States’Relations with ChinaXII．Watergate ScandalChapter18The Economy(Two paragraphs)Ⅰ．The Economic System of the United StatesV．Foreign TradeVI．Problems in the U.S.EconomyChapter19Political InstitutionsⅠ．The U.S.Constitution1．The Federal system2．Separation of powers:checks and balances3．Provisions for amendmentⅡ．The Executive Branch1．The Presidency2．Presidential PowersⅢ．The Legislative Branch2.Powers of the House and Senate3.Officers of the Congress4.Functions of the CongressⅤ．Political Parties(two-party system)Chapter20EducationⅠ．Characteristics of American EducationⅡ．Elementary and Secondary EducationⅢ．Higher EducationⅤ．Education ReformsChapter21Literature,Architecture and MusicⅠ．American Literature1．Washington Irving2．Emerson and Hawthorne3．Mark Twain4．Whitman and Dickinson5．Theodore Dreiser6．T.S.Eliot7．Ernest Hemingway8．Hughes and WrightChapter22Holidays and FestivalsⅠ．New Year’s DayIV．Valentine’s DayVI．Easter DayVIII．Independence DayIX．HalloweenXI．Thanksgiving DayⅩII．Christmas DayPart Four Canada Chapter23Geography and HistoryⅠ．Geographic Features4.Geographic regionsⅡ．The making of Canada1．The European discovery3．Self-government and Confederation4．The Canadian nationChapter26Society and CultureI．Canadian Society1．Population2．Immigration3．Bilingualism4．MulticulturalismPart Five Australia Chapter27Land and peopleⅠ．The Geographical Structure1．The Great Western Plateau2．The Eastern Highlands3．The Central Eastern LowlandsⅡ．Climate3.Causes and effects of the hot and dry climate Ⅳ．People1．Population2．Population density and distributionⅤ．Australia’s Built Environment1．Sprawling cities2．Rural areasⅥ．Political Divisions1．New South Wales2．Victoria3．Queensland4．South Australia5．West Australia6．TasmaniaChapter32Society and CultureIV．Australian Culture1．Aboriginal culture2．Modern Australian culturePart Six New Zealand Chapter33The Making of New ZealandⅠ．GeographyⅡ．ClimateⅢ．Plants and AnimalsⅣ．Historical Background2．The Treaty of Waitangi1840VI.Maoritanga5.Race relations《<英语国家概况>自考辅导》目录（配合《英语国家概况》余志远，外语教学与研究出版社2005版）Part One The United Kingdom of Great Britain and North IrelandChapter1Land and People(英国的国土与人民)Chapter2The origins of the Nation(国家的起源)Chapter3The Shaping of the Nation(英国的形式)Chapter4Transition to the Modern Age(向现代过度的英国)Chapter5The Rise and Fall of the British Empire(英帝国的兴衰)Chapter6The Economy(英国经济)Chapter7Government and Administration(英国政府机构)Chapter8Justice and the Law（法律和司法机构）Chapter9Social Affairs(社会事务)Chapter10Cultural Affairs(文化事务)Part Two The Republic of IrelandThe Republic of Ireland(爱尔兰共和国)Part Three United States of AmericaChapter1A Survey of American Natural Circumstances and Geography(美国的自然环境和地理概况)Chapter2People and Ethnic Groups(人口和名族)Chapter3American History(Ⅰ)(1600-1900)(美国历史)Chapter4American History(Ⅱ)(1900-1945)(美国历史)Chapter5American History(Ⅲ)(1945-1980s’)(美国历史)Chapter6American Literature(美国文学)Chapter7American Economy(美国经济)Chapter8American Politics(美国政治)Chapter9American Education(教育)Chapter10American Music,Architecture and Newspaper（音乐、建筑和报纸）Chapter11Holidays and Festivals（美国的节假日）Part Four CanadaChapter1The History of Chanada（加拿大的历史）Chapter2Canadian Geography(加拿大地理)Chapter3The Economy（经济）Chapter4Government and Politics（政府和政治）Chapter5Society and Culture（社会与文化）Part Five AustraliaChapter1Australia”s Land and People（澳大利亚的国土与人口）Chapter2Australian History（澳大利亚历史）Chapter3Australian Economy（澳大利亚经济）Chapter4Polotical System(澳大利亚政治体制）Chapter5Society and Culture（社会与文化）Part Six New ZealandChapter1The making of New of New Zealand（地理与历史）Chapter2New Zealand Today（今日新新西兰）。
自考“英语国家概况”大纲详解（4）
6. Government and Administration 政府与⾏政机构 The British Constitution 英国宪法 联合王国是君主⽴宪制国家，国家的⾸脑是国王或⼥王。
联合王国以君的名义，由国王或⼥王陛下政府治理。
英国的议会制度并不是基于成⽂宪法，联合王国没有感性认识宪法。
英国宪法不由单⼀⽂件构成，⽽由成⽂法，习惯法和惯例组成。
司法部门裁定习惯法或解释成⽂法。
Constitutional Monarchy in Britain 英国的君主⽴宪制 今天的君主政体实际已⽆实权，它的权⼒受限于法律和议会。
君主⽴宪制是从1688年的光荣⾰命后开始。
英国现任君主伊莉莎⽩⼆世，她的全称是“上帝神佑，⼤布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领⼟和领地的⼥王，英联邦元⾸，国教保护者伊莉莎⽩⼆世。
” ⼥王是国家的象征。
从法律上讲，她是⾏政⾸脑，⽴法机构的组成部分，司法⾸脑，全国武装部队总司令，英国国教“⾄⾼⽆上”的领袖。
她任命⾸相和重要的政府官员。
对议会通过的法案给予御准。
⼥王还是国家礼仪的中⼼⼈物，也是社会领袖。
六⽉君主的⽣⽇要正式庆祝。
在爱丁堡公爵的陪同下，⼥王对外国政府进⾏国事访问。
⼥王从事公务所花的费⽤，从英国王室费中⽀付，或由政府部门⽀付，这些出⽀都由议会批准。
The British Parliament and its functions 英国的议会及其作⽤ 英国是中央集权国家，⽽不是联邦制国家。
议会由君主，上议院和下议院组成。
只有在议会举⾏正式开幕式这样具有象征意义的场合时，三个组成部分才聚在⼀起。
议会的主要作⽤是：（1）通过⽴法；（2）投票批准税为政府⼯作提供资⾦；（3）检查政府政策和⾏政管理，包括拨款提议；（4）当天的议题辩论。
The British government 英国的政府 议会通过必要的⽴法后，政府部门及其下属机构，是实施政府政策，并向⼤⾂提出建议的主要机构。
09-10-1英语国家概况(普本)考试范围
Canada
• Canada is the second largest country in the world in terms of territory. • In each province, a Lieutenant Governor 副州长副总督 副州长副总督represents the British Crown
• Celtics Anglo-Saxons • The Wars of Roses • Immediate cause of Religious Reformation • Civil War
Chapter 2
• Glorious Revolution • Reasons why the Industrial Revolution took root in Britain • Exercises part I and part II
• Australia is the sixth largest country in the world after Russia, Canada, China, the U.S and Brazil. • In Australia the King or Queen of Britain serves as the symbolic head of state.
Chapter 12
• • • • Ideals of American Education Educational system Origin of Thanksgiving ExercisesMark Twain • Lost generation, Ernest Hemingway • Exercises part I and part II
Chapter 10:
英语国家概况复习整理精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语国家概况复习整理一、单选题知识点：1.英国部分英国的主要岛屿：Great Britain and IrelandEdinburgh(爱丁堡)是苏格兰的首都英国有超过60 million的人口Northern Ireland是4个英国组成部分中最小的一个1/4 人口住在southeastern England英语属于Indo-European 语系中的Germanic(日耳曼语)基督教额引入为英国添加了第一笔 Latin and Greek色彩中世界英语被Norman influence强化塞缪尔.约翰逊的词典的意义是建立了Spelling的标准目前，将近a quarter的世界人口讲英文The Gremanic对罗马的进攻结束了罗马人占领英国在7世纪晚期，Roman Christianity(天主教会)处于英格兰的主导地位Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)建立在Edward the confessor(忏悔者爱德华)时期The Norman conquest 标志着Feudalism(封建制度)在英国的建立玫瑰花战争带来the House of Tudor的统治宗教改革(Religious Reformation)的直接原因是亨利三世国王divorce his wife英国革命在1642年爆发于Royalists and Parliamentarians(保皇党人和国会议员)之间Bill of Right(人权法案)在Glorious Revolution (光荣革命)后被通过19世纪中期英国的Industrial Revolution完成英国在20世纪初期面临着强烈的全球帝国统治挑战英国政府的三权分立：judiciary(司法),legislature(立法)及executive(行政)，而不包括momarchy(君主) 英国君主的重要性体现在他在public attitude方面的影响British Cabinet(内阁)在Collective responsibility(集体负责制)的原则下工作英国Priry Council(枢密院)的主要责任是Give advice英国议会大选每5年举行一次Scotland拥有建立在罗马法律基础上的独特的法律系统英国议会的经营是two-party(两党的)模式保守党的政策是典型的Pragmatism(实用主义)和 a belief in individualism(个人主义的信仰)工会党(The Labor Prty)的影响是建立了全国健康服务体制(National Health Service)英国经济到1800s实现了全球统治在1946年，英国议会通过了两个重要法案，建立了福利规定1970s早期的The oil crisis(石油危机)恶化了本来已经不景气的英国经济布莱尔政府没有在reducing inequality方面获得成功英国开垦了74%的土地用于发展农业英国的渔业地区不包括The sea area between Britain and Ireland在英国，煤矿产业提供了1/4的能源英国汽车产业几乎全部是Foreign-owned(外企)英国文艺复兴时期最光辉的成就是drama(戏剧)"Preface to Lyrical Ballads"是浪漫诗的开篇之作Thomas Hardy 是19世纪批判现实主义的代表Waiting for Godot是Samuel Bekett 写的2.美国部分美国大陆上有48个statesAlaska是最大的州美国在 central North America ,加拿大在它的北面，墨西哥在南面，大西洋在它的东面，太平洋在它的西面美国最大的河流是Mississippi River哈佛、耶鲁和MIT等著名大学位于New EnglandNiagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)位于美国-加拿大边境上阿拉斯加人口中没有the Blacks美国最大的少数民族是the Blacks1924年的移民法案限制美国的进一步移民，尤其是来自欧洲的美国文化主流的特点是：English-speaking,Western European,Protestant and Middle-class第一个北美殖民地建立在Jamestorn,VirginiaPilrim Fathers 是一群Paritans(清教徒)，他们为了逃避在英国的迫害而来到美国7年战争发生在French and British之间"No taxation without represtation"是The people of 13 colonies的口号美国独立战争的第一枪在Lexingto (列克星顿)打响1775年5月，The second continenta congrsee 在Philadelphia举行林肯签发了Declaration of Independence承诺给予所以奴隶自由第二次世界大战开始时，美国是neutrality(中立的)政策Roosevelt(罗斯福)新政处理了大萧条的问题越南战争继续受Eisenhower,kennedy and johnson的影响美国的ore(矿石)只占世界很小部分现代美国经济经历了faming economy,handcraft economy,最终形成industrial economy第一家国家银行是在Alexander Hamilton时期建立的美国1/3粮食用于出口目前，美国出口占世界10%美国常规教育包括elementary,secondary and higher education美国高等教育开始于Harvard University 的建立MIT没有出过总统美国国庆节在July 4thWashington Irving 是美国文学之父Tony Morrison是第一个获得诺贝尔奖文学奖的非裔美国人二、名词解释：1. American Civil War(美国内战)American Civil War is a war that was fought in the US between 1861 and 1865 when 11 southern states rebelled against the federal government. The southern states were beaten, and as a result of the war, slaves became free.2.Melting pot and salad(大熔炉)The melting pot is an analogy for the way in which homogeneous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (people of different cultures, races and religions) are combined so as to develop a multi-ethnic society. The term, which originates from the United States, is often used to describe societies experiencing large scale immigration from many different countries.3.American Constitution(美国宪法)American Constitution，which was drawn up in 1787 and came into effect in 1789,is the basic law of the land.For over two centuries,it has guided the development of government institution and has the basis for the nation，s political stability,economic growth and social progress.4.Cold War(冷战)In the spring of 1947 ,for the purpose of establishing the U.S.hegenmiony(霸权) in postwar world,President Truman declared the "Tueman Doctrine",aiming at expanding American sphere of influence.This marked the beginning of the Cold War period.the Cold War exerted great influence in Europe,and two Germanys were founded.Then,in April 1949,the U.S.allied with other Western countries,forming the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.While seeking to prevent Communist ideology from gaining further adherents(追随者) in Europe, the U.S.also responded to the challenges elsewhere.5.Thanksgiving(感恩节)Thanksgiving is a associated with the time when Europeans first came to the New World.In1620,the Mayflower arrived and brought about 150 Pilgrims.Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food,so many of them died.During the following summer the Native Americans helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest.So they held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans.6.British Labor Party(英国工会党)British Labor Party known as a party of high taxation,was created by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century.It quickly replaced the Liberal Party as one of the two largest political parties.The Labor government that come to power in 1945 had a major effort on British society. It set up the National Health Service.The party activities are largely funded by the trade unions.7.British Conservative Party(英国保守党)By and large, the Conservative Party is supported by those who have something to "conserve".Economically,the Conservative Party supports free enterprise and privatization of state-owned enterprise.It is against too much government intervention,especially nationalization.The Conservative Partyfavors reducing the influence of trade unions and minimizing expenditures on social welfare.Its policies are charactized by pragmatism and a belied in individualism.monwealth of Nations（联邦国家）The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign statse,all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head.The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort,and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs.It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence.The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy,human rights,and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.9.Critical Realism(批判现实主义)The Critical Realism of the 19th centry flourished in the 1840s and the early 1850s.The Critical Realism described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.The greatest English realist was Charles Dickens.10.Standard English (标准英语)Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England.It is widely used in media and taught at school .It is preferred by the educated,middle-class people .It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct British English .It is also the norm carried overseas.Today Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is thought and used.三、简答题：1.what is the full name of the UK?The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery ,to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they ?The development of the English language can be divided into three periods : Old English ,Middle English and Modern English.4.Why did English become more important after the Black Death?The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death,so English also grew in importance compare to French.。
英语国家概况复习提纲
2011年英语国家概况复习提纲（2010级1、2、3、4班）一、考试题型1、选择题（10%）：10个小题，每题1分。
2、判断正误题（10%）：10个小题，每题1分。
3、术语翻译（英译汉10%）：10术语，每个术语1分。
4、名词解释（20%）：5个术语，每个4分。
5、简答题（30%）：6个小题，每题5分。
6、论述题（20%）：1个小题。
二、考试范围美国部分全部10章，英国部分前4章（第一至第四章）、2000年——2010年八级考试中关于英语国家概况试题。
三、考试依据教材、课件PPT、历年八级考试中关于英语国家概况试题四、考试重点1、重点翻译术语：(1) New Frontier 新边疆(2) the Civil Rights Movement 民权运动(3) the Great Society 伟大社会(4) the Counterculture Movement 反主流文化运动(5) the New Left Movement 新左派运动(6) the Anti-War Movement 反战运动(7) the Strategic Defence Initiative 战略防御措施(8) the Populist Party人民党(9) Star Wars星球大战(10) Monroe Doctrine门罗主义(11) Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义(12) the Marshall Plan 马歇尔计划(13) the Missile Crisis 导弹危机(14) the House Un-American Activities Committee 众议院非美活动调查委员会(15) WASP 白人盎格鲁—撒克逊新教徒(16) indentured servants 契约佣工(17) the Civil War 美国内战(18) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 全国有色人种协进会(19) model minority 模范少数族裔(20) Indian Reservations 印第安人保留区(21) Gold Rush淘金热(22) Supreme Court最高法院(23) the Court of Appeals 上诉法院(24) the District Court地区法庭(25) judicial review 司法复审(26) the House of Representatives 众议院(27) chief justice 首席大法官(28) associate justice 大法官(29) the Articles of Confederation 《邦联条例》(30) winner-take-all 赢者通吃/ （美国总统选举中）胜者获得所有选举人选票(31) grants-in-aid programs联邦拨款项目(32) the midterm election中期选举(33) Watergate Scandal水门事件丑闻(34) Electoral College选举人团(35) laissez faire自由放任(36) post-industrial society后工业社会(37) Sherman Antitrust Act谢尔曼反托拉斯法(38) New Deal新政(39) National Labor Relations Board全国劳工关系委员会(40) Social Security system 社会保障制度(41) Food Stamp食物劵(42) Aid to Families with Dependent Children未成年人家庭援助计划(43) original jurisdiction 初审管辖权(44) grand jury 大陪审团(45) petit jury 小陪审团(46) the Department of Justice 司法部(47) the Attorney General 司法部长/ 总检察长(48) the Solicitor General 司法部副部长/副总检察长(49) Common Law 习惯法(50) civil law 民法(51) criminal law 刑法(52) the Federal Bureau of Investigation美国联邦调查局(53) due process of law 正当法律程序(54) charter school 特许公立学校(55) school voucher 教育劵(56) associate degree 准学位(57) community college 社区大学(58) the Bilingual Education Act 双语教育法(59) affirmative action program 积极行动方案(60) reverse discrimination 反向歧视(61) compulsory education 义务教育(62) city upon a hill 山巅之城(63) the Great Awakening 大觉醒运动(64) rummage sales 旧杂物义卖(65) the Grand Canyon 大峡谷(66) British Commonwealth英联邦(67) God save the King /Queen 天佑吾王(68) the Stars and Stripes星条旗(69) E pluribus unum合众为一(70) the Good Friday Agreement北爱尔兰和平协议(71) Magna Carta（英国）大宪章(72) shadow cabinet影子内阁(73) the House of Lords 贵族院/ 上议院(74) Lords Spiritual 神职贵族(75) Lords Temporal 俗职贵族(76) the House of Commons下议院(77) Constitutional Monarchy君主立宪制(78) the Prime Minister首相(79) the Department of State国务院(80) Secretary of Commerce商务部长2、重点名词解释术语(1) American Dream(2) WASP(3) judicial review(4) federalism(5) the midterm election(6) Electoral College(7) laissez faire(8) New Deal(9) Medicare(10) Medicaid(11) grand jury(12) petit jury(13) the adversary system(14) affirmative action program(15) reverse discrimination(16) Manifest Destiny(17) British Commonwealth(18) protestantism(19) Group Eight(20) the Union Flag3、简答题复习范围（共24题）1. 关于英国部分(1) What influences the climate in the UK? (Unit 1)(2) What are the key elements in “Britishness” that the citizens of the UK share? (Unit 2)(3) It is said that British history has been a history of invasions. What are the major invasions in the history? (Unit 3)(4) What are the four major characteristics of the British Constitution? (Unit 4)(5) What are the functions of Parliament? How does the law-making process? (Unit 4)2. 关于美国部分(6) Describe the four recognizable and definable topographic regions in the United States. (Unit 1)(7) What makes the Northeast stand out as a unique cultural region? (Unit 1)(8) How did the South and the North differ from each other in their economic development before the Civil War? (Unit 2)(9) From what parts of Europe did immigrants mainly come in the 17th, 18th and much of the 19th centuries? (Unit 3)(10) How is the President elected? What are the presidential election’s proceedings? (Unit 4)（答案以ppt为准）(11) What qualifications does one need in order to vote in the U.S.? (Unit 4)(12) What are the powers of the US president? (Unit 4)(13) What was Alexander Hamilton’s plan for the development of the new Republic? (Unit 5)(14) What are the main characteristics of the post-industrial society? (Unit 5)（答案以ppt为准）(15) What were the two key traditional attitudes of Americans towards social services? (Unit 6)(16) What are the main areas covered by social security in the U.S.? (Unit 6)(17) The U.S. has a three-tiered national court system. What are the three levels? (Unit 7)(18) What are the four categories of institutions in the higher education system in the United States? (Unit 8，参考答案见ppt)(19) What reforms have been made in the United States over the past several decades for its public schools? (Unit 8)(20) What are the major differences between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism? (Unit 9)[Answer for reference: Both Roman Catholicism and Protestantism are branches of Christianity. Their differences lie mainly in two aspects. First, according to Roman Catholicism, the Pope is the authority of God’s revelation, while Protestantism believes that the Bible is the only source of revelation. Second, in Roman Catholicism, there is an episcopal hierarchy, while Protestantism believes in the universal priesthood of all the believers.](21) In what ways do American parents try to instill independent spirit in their children? (Unit 10)[Answer for reference: America parents try to instill independent spirit in their children in three ways. First, they expect their children to find part-time jobs. Second, they expect their children to leave home at an earlier age than in most other countries. Third, they expect their children to contribute to or pay for things that go beyond food, clothing, and shelter when they are above a certain age.](22) Describe the symbols in the national flag of the U.S. and their respective symbolic meanings.（参见ppt的Introduction）(23) Describe the major symbols in the grand seal of the U.S. and explain their respective symbolic meanings. （参见ppt的Introduction）(24) What were the major ideas in the Declaration of Independence?[Answer for reference: The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of government: the power of government came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of government was to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.]。
《英语国家》(1)(2)学习纲要
《英语国家概况》(1(2学习纲要一、课程内容与基本要求1.英国部分:了解英国的国土构成、地理特征、政府机构、政治、历史、经济、文化、外交、体育、教育,新闻媒体等概况,熟悉英国的社会问题,如住房、阶级、种族等情况。
2.澳大利亚部分:了解澳大利亚的国土、人民、历史、政治、经济、文化和社会生活。
3.新西兰部分:了解新西兰的自然地理、人民、历史、政治制度、教育和经济概况。
4.美国部分:熟悉美国的起源,了解美国的政治制度、经济、宗教、文学、教育、社会运动、社会问题、科学技术、体育、音乐和自然环境等情况。
5.加拿大部分:了解加拿大的国土、人民、政府、政治、经济、文学,国际关系等情况。
二、学习要点和考核目标第一编英国概况 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Introduction: The United Kingdom1.A complicated country with a complicated name2.The effects of its imperial past3.A member of the European Union4.A multiracial society5.Remarkable class, regional and economical differences6.Significant role of LondonChapter 1: Great Britain1.A cultural and economic dominance of England2.Invasion from the Roman empire3.Settlement of the Anglo-Saxons4.William the Conqueror5.Parliament’s dominance over the throne6.Physical features of Scotland7.A cultural division between highland and lowland8.The battle of Bannockburn9.Independence of Scotland for 300 years10.Union with England in 170711.A strong Scottish identity12.A brief introduction of Wales13.A history of invasions14.Wale’s unification with the UK15.Campaigns for independenceChapter 2: Northern Ireland1.Physical features of Northern Ireland2.Economy of Northern Ireland3.The Home Rule Bill4.The Easter Rising of 19165.The Sinn Fein Party6.The religious conflicts between the Irish and the British7.A partition of Ireland in 19218.Civil Rights Movement9.The presence of British soldiers on Northern Ireland since 196910.IRA’s vio lence in the 1970s11.Bloody Sunday12.The collapse of the power-sharing13.Cooperation between the British and Irish governments Chapter3: The Government of the United Kingdom1.King Egbert2.Divine right of kings3.The civil war4.Charles I5.Roundheads6.Magna Carta7.The Great Council8.William of Orange9.The Bill of Rights of 168910.The Cabinet11.The prime minister12.George I13.The Constitution14.The power and the functions of the Parliament15.The roles of the monarch16.The house of Lords17.Life peers18.The House of CommonsChapter 4: Politics1. The importance of general elections2. The formation of the government3. Vote of no confidence4. The electoral campaigns5. The procedure of general elections6. The Conservative party and the Labour party7. The Liberal Democrats8. The National Health Service9. Margaret Thatcher10. John Major11. Tony BlairChapter 5: The UK Economy1. The privatization in the 1980s2. The main sectors of the UK economy3. Primary industries4. Secondary industries5. Tertiary/service industries6. Agriculture7. Energy production8. The offshore oil industries9. The manufacturing industry10. The city of London11. The London Stock Exchange12. The aerospace industry13. ConcordeChapter 6: British Literature1. Early British literature concerned with Christianity2. Beowulf3. The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer4. The stories of King Arthur and his knights5. The development of drama in the Renaissance6. William Shakespear7. Characteristics of the Romance writers in the 19th century8. The Brontes9. Charles Dickens10. Sir Walter Scott11. Robert Louis Stevenson12. Characteristics of the twentieth century literature13. Modernism14. Postmodernism15. Joseph Conrad16. Virginia Woolf17. D.H. Lawrence18. E.M. Foster19. George Orwell20. John FowlesChapter 7: Sports in Britain1. Popular sports in Britain2. The FA and the FA Cup3. Wimbledon4. Equestrianism5. The Grand National6. The Royal Ascot7. Hunt saboteursChapter 8: British Holidays and Festivals1. Christmas and its traditions2. The Boxing Day and its traditions3. Easter4. Ramadan5. Trooping the Colour6. Bonfire Night (Guy Fawkes Night and the traditions7. Hogmanay8. Halloween and the traditionsChapter 9: British Education System1. The purpose of the British education system2. The relationship between education and social class3. The influence of the church on schooling4. Comprehensive school5. Grammar school6. The national Curriculum7. Public school8. Open UniversityChapter 10: British Society: Housing, Class and Race1. Owner-occupation2. Four main types of British home3. Class system in the British society4. Upper middle-class and lower middle-class5. The hereditary aristocracy6. Oxbridge7. Life peers8. Ethnic relations in BritainChapter 11: British Foreign Relations1. Active in setting up the United Nations2. Foreign policy influenced by its history and geopolitical traits3. A parliamentary democracy4. Relations with other countries and organizationsChapter 12: The British Media1. Popularity and functions of the media2. British main newspapers3. The tabloids4. The broadcast media第二编澳大利亚概况 Australia1. Land, people and history2. The political life3. Economy4. The cultural and social life第三编新西兰概况 New Zealand1. Land, people and history2. Political system, education and economy第四编美国概况 The United States of AmericaChapter 1: American Beginnings1. Two immigration movements to the Americas2. American Indians3. Discovery of America4. The heritage of the settlement of Virginia5. The influence of Puritanism on American culture6. Lord Baltimore and his feudal plan7. Quakerism8. The heritage of the Holy Experiment in American culture9. The causes and major leaders of the American Revolution10. The Declaration of IndependenceChapter 2: The Political System in the United States1. The Articles of Confederation2. The making of the US Constitution3. The three branches of the federal governments1. 4. Checks and balances5. The Bill of Rights6. Political partiesChapter 3: American Economy1. Samuel Slater2. Eli Whitney3. Industrial Revolution in America4. Corporation5. Service industries6. Stock7. Agribusiness8. Migrant workersChapter 4: Religion in the United States1. American history and religious liberty2. The US Constitution and religion3. Protestants and Catholics in the US4. Religious diversity5. Characteristics of American religious beliefs Chapter 5: American Literature1. Famous writers in the US and their major works2. Transcendentalists3. The naturalists4. The “Modern Movement” in poetry5. The “Lost Generation”6. The Harlem Renaissance7. The “Beat Generation”8. Black writers and women writersChapter 6: Education in the United States1. The goal of education2. Different educational laws for different states3. Several levels of schooling4. curricula for students5. The complex system of higher education6. Varieties of colleges and universities7. Trends in degree programs8. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act9. Affirmative action programs10. nontraditional studentsChapter 7: Social Movements of the 1960s-in”1. Greensboro “sit2. The Civil Rights Movement3. Martin Luther King, jr.4. The Anti-war Movement5. Free Speech Movement6. The Counter Culture7. Women’s Liberation MovementChapter 8: Social Problems in the United States1. Racial problems2. The black “underclass”3. Poverty, drug abuse and crime4. The abuse of power by government and corporations Chapter 9: Technology in America1. American system of production2. John H Hill3. Cyrus H McCormick and mechanical reaper4. The Stevens5. Samuel F B Morse6. The Pony Express System7. Alexander Graham Bell8. Thomas Alva Edison9. Frederick Winslow Taylor10. Henry Ford11. Robert Hutchings Goddard12. Household inventions in mid-20th century13. Television and PC14. Use of nuclear energyChapter 10: Scenic America1. The Grand Canyon2. Yellowstone National Park3. Disneyland4. The National Monument5. The Gulf of Mexico6. The Everglades7. Niagara FallsChapter 11. Sports in America1. Super Bowl2. AFC3. 4. 5. 6. 7. NFC The National League and the American League Home run NBA East Division and West Division Chapter 12: Early American Jazz 1. Jazz music 2. New Orleans jazz 3. Louis Armstrong 4. Ragtime music 5. Count Basie 6. Boogie Woogie 第五编 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 加拿大概况 Canada The country and its people The government and politics The Canadian economy Canadian literature International relations。
高校英语专业英语国家概况课程考核大纲解读
高校英语专业英语国家概况课程考核大纲解读一、考核目的及要求《英语国家概况》是高校英语专业的一门重要课程，其目的是让学生了解和熟悉英语国家的文化、历史、政治、经济等方面的知识，提高其英语综合素质和跨文化交际能力。
考核大纲的要求如下：1. 掌握英语国家的基本概况：包括国家地理位置、区域划分、人口、语言等基本信息。
2. 理解英语国家的历史背景：了解英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国的重要历史事件、影响和发展脉络。
3. 熟悉英语国家的政治制度：了解英国的君主立宪制、美国的总统制、加拿大的君主立宪联邦制等政治制度。
4. 了解英语国家的文化传统：包括英国的皇家文化、美国的多元文化、加拿大的双文化和澳大利亚的原住民文化等。
5. 掌握英语国家的经济特点：了解英国的金融业、美国的高科技产业、加拿大的资源开发和澳大利亚的农业等经济领域。
6. 提高英语交际能力：通过学习英语国家的文化和背景，提高跨文化交际能力，适应国际交往的需要。
二、考核内容分析1. 国家概况部分：主要包括英语国家的地理位置、区域划分、人口、语言等基本信息。
学生需要熟记各国的名字、首都、所属洲或省份、人口数量和英语作为官方语言的情况。
2. 历史背景部分：学生需要了解英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等英语国家的重要历史事件和发展脉络，并能将其进行比较和对比。
例如，学生可以探讨英国的工业革命对全球产业发展的影响，美国的独立战争对国家建立的意义，加拿大的自治进程和国家统一等。
3. 政治制度部分：学生需要了解英国的君主立宪制、美国的总统制、加拿大的君主立宪联邦制等政治体制，并能比较不同政治制度的特点和优缺点。
4. 文化传统部分：学生需要了解英国的皇室文化、美国的多元文化、加拿大的双文化和澳大利亚的原住民文化等重要文化传统，并能理解这些传统对国家发展和社会融合的影响。
5. 经济特点部分：学生需要了解英国的金融业、美国的高科技产业、加拿大的资源开发和澳大利亚的农业等重要经济领域，并能分析这些经济特点对国家经济增长和国际竞争力的影响。
英语国家概况考试大纲
《英语国家概况》考试大纲课程性质和学习目的《英语国家概况》是高等教育自学考试英语专业基础科段（专科）的一门必考课程。
设置本课程是为了使英语专业专科学生了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、经济和政治等方面的概况；了解主要英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯和社会生活的其他有关情况。
本课程是一门实用性很强的文化知识课。
学生通过阅读主要英语国家（英国和美国）的北京材料，一方面可以扩大知识面，另一方面也可以提高英语阅读能力。
有关说明和实施要求高等教育自学考试的教育形式是个人自学、社会助学和国家考试相结合。
根据这种教育形多，结合本课程的特点，现对有关的几个问题说明如下：一、自学考试大纲的目的和作用《英语国家概况自学考试大纲》是根据英语专业考试计划的要求，结合自学考试的特点而确定的。
其目的是对个人自学、社会助学和国家考试命题进行指导和规定。
《英语国家概况自学考试大纲》明确了课程学习的内容以及深广度，规定了自学考试的范围和标准。
因此，它是编写自学考试教材和辅导书的依据，是社会助学组织进行自学辅导的依据，是自学者学习教材、掌握课程知识范围和程度的依据，也是进行自学考试命题的依据。
二、自学考试大纲与教材的关系《英语国家概况自学考试大纲》是进行学习和考核的依据，《英语国家概况》教材用于学习并掌握课程知识的基本内容与范围，教材的内容是大纲所规定的课程知识和内容的扩展与发挥。
三、学习内容本课程教材为《英语国家概况》（全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会组编，余志远主编，外语教学与研究出版社，2005）。
四、考核目标为了使本课程的自学考试达到科学化、规范化的要求，本大纲规定了全书的考核目标。
明确考核目标，可使应考者进一步了解考试内容和要求，知识怎么学和怎么考，从而更有目的、有计划地学习教材；可使社会助学单位知道如何组织教学，并根据应考者的实际状况进行辅导，使之达到既定的要求；可使命题单位正确把握试题的广度、深度和难易程度。
五、命题原则1．本课程考试的命题，应根据大纲所规定的考核目标，确定考试范围和考核标准，不要扩大或缩小考试范围，也不要提高或降低考核标准。
英语国家概况大纲
《英语国家概况》课程教学大纲A Survey of the English-speaking Countries课程负责人：宋力英执笔人：高丽娜编写日期：2012 年5 月课程编号：06010210课程类别：专业课课程性质：限选课学时：34（理论34）学分：1.5适用专业：英语一、课程教学目标及学生能达到的能力《英语国家概况》是一门集英语国家背景知识和英语语言知识为一体的英语专业必修课程，旨在向学生介绍主要英语国家的历史、社会和文化等背景知识，拓宽其知识面，帮助学生了解英、美国家的地理、历史、文化、社会生活与政治体系概貌，使学生从上述五个角度更加深刻地理解和掌握所学语言知识和技能，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生跨文化交际能力。
二、课程教学内容与基本要求Chapter 1 Philosophy of Western Civilization(一)教学目的和任务Students should grasp the outline of western philosophy, understand different trends and memorize important figures and historical facts.(二)教学基本要求1. Grasp the outline of western philosophy and understand its core values.2. Learn different trends and the representative philosophers.3. Memorize important terms.(三)教学重点和难点重点：1. The outline of western philosophy2. Greek rationalism，Plato and Aristotle3. Renaissance4. Modern trends难点：1. Greek rationalism and its influence on western culture2. Renaissance3. Pragmatism(四)教学建议与说明1. Presenting students with the structure of western philosophy and philosophers by PPT.2. Learning quotations of these philosophers and help students to understand their ideas.3. Asking students to make a presentation.(五)教学内容§1-1 Introduction§1-2 Greek Rationalism§1-3 The Middle Ages§1-4 The Renaissance§1-5 Modern Philosophy§1-6 Modern Philosophical Trends§1-7 SummaryChapter 2 Geography of the United Kingdom(一)教学目的和任务Students should grasp the general features of British geography, the key feature --- water and four political regions, and memorize important terms and figures.(二)教学基本要求1. Grasp the general features of British geography and four political regions.2. Learn geographical history and the Commonwealth.3. Memorize important terms.(三)教学重点和难点重点：1. The general features of British geography2. Four political regions3. Water system4. The Commonwealth难点：1. Topography of the UK2. Geographical features of Scotland and England3. The geographical history(四)教学建议与说明1. Presenting students with the topography and four political regions by PPT.2. Helping students understand the features of British geography by a lot of pictures, evenvideos.3. Asking students to make a presentation.(五)教学内容§2-1 Introduction§2-2 General Characteristics of the UK§2-3 Water: the Key Geographical Features§2-4 Geographical History§2-5 Surface Features and Geography --- by Political Region§2-6 Current Situation§2-7 CommonwealthChapter 3 History of the United Kingdom(一)教学目的和任务Students should grasp the course of British history and the basic historical facts, and memorize important terms and key points.(二)教学基本要求1. Grasp the basic historical facts about British history.2. Remember key figures and key points in British history.3. Learn and remember the terms.(三)教学重点和难点重点：1. The course of British history2. Major historical events: the Civil War, the Reformation, the Glorious Revolution, theIndustrial Revolution, the First and the Second World Wars.3. Important historical figures4. The definition of important terms难点：1. The bourgeois revolution and the Reformation2. The British Empire and its decline3. The definition of important terms(四)教学建议与说明1. Presenting students with the course of British history and major historical events.2. Understanding historical events by learning the life of the important historical figures.3. Asking students to make a presentation.(五)教学内容§3-1 Prehistory to the Norman Conquest§3-2 The Making of a Nation: From the Norman Conquest to the Renaissance§3-3 The Tudors: Sea Power and Protestantism§3-4 Founding of the British Empire§3-5 England in Revolution: Representative and Constitutional Government§3-6 England in the Eighteenth Century: The Age of Reason§3-7 Napoleonic Wars and a Century of Slow Reforms§3-8 Nineteenth Century Imperialism§3-9 Twentieth-Century England: Crisis of IdentityChapter 4 British Economy(一)教学目的和任务Students should grasp the characteristics and development of British economy, understand the present economic policies and memorize important data.(二)教学基本要求1. Grasp the characteristics and system of British economy.2. Understanding economic dictators and basic economic structure.3. Memorize important data.(三)教学重点和难点重点：1. The characteristics and system of British economy2. The economic dictators and basic economic structure3. Taxation and other economic policies难点：1. Economic dictators2. Industrial structure3. Economic policies(四)教学建议与说明1. Presenting students with the structure of British economy and important economic dictators by pictures and charts.2. Helping students understand characteristics of British economy by examples of world-famous brands or products.3. Asking students to make a presentation.(五)教学内容§4-1 Introduction§4-2 Highlights of Britain's Economic Development§4-3 Britain's Prosperity Today§4-4 Britain's Economic System: A Unique Mix§4-5 Consumer Expenditure§4-6 Industrial Structure and Output§4-7 International Trade§4-8 Taxation and Public Spending§4-9 Economic PolicyChapter 5 British Culture(一)教学目的和任务Students should grasp the meaning of culture and the characteristics of British culture. Remember the representatives and major schools in British art, literature and music.(二)教学基本要求1. Grasp the characteristics of British culture.2. Learn representatives and major schools in British art, literature, and music.3. Memorize important terms.(三)教学重点和难点重点：1. The outline of British culture2. British arts, media, literature, social customs, sports and religion3. Representatives and their achievements难点：1. British arts and literature2. Religion(四)教学建议与说明1. Presenting students with the components of British culture by PPT.2. Learn representatives and their achievements by pictures and videos.3. Asking students to make a presentation.(五)教学内容§5-1 Introduction§5-2 The British People --- General Traits§5-3 Entertainment§5-4 ConclusionChapter 6 British Education(一)教学目的和任务Students should grasp the history and characteristics of British education, acknowledge a profile of British higher education and memorize important terms.(二)教学基本要求1. Grasp the history and characteristics of British education.2. Acknowledging the basic information of British higher education.3. Memorize important terms.(三)教学重点和难点重点：1. The history and characteristics of British education.2. The British higher education.难点：1. The history of Britain education2. Higher education and elite universities(四)教学建议与说明1. Presenting students with the history of British education using demonstrations and charts on PPT.2. Helping students grasp the outline of British higher education by introducing world-famous colleges and universities.3. Asking students to make a presentation.(五)教学内容§6-1 Introduction§6-2 Medieval England---Church and Class§6-3 Renaissance Education§6-4 Eighteenth Century---What Is Correct English§6-5 Nineteenth Century---Class Struggle and Change§6-6 Twentieth Century---Reform, Socialism and Conservatism§6-7 ConclusionChapter 7 Geography of the United States(一)教学目的和任务Students should grasp the general features of American geography, the physiographic subdivisions, energy and mineral resources, and memorize important terms and figures.(二)教学基本要求1. Grasp the general features of American geography and physiographic subdivisions.2. Learn geographical history, energy and resources.3. Memorize important terms.(三)教学重点和难点重点：1. The general features of American geography2. Physiographic subdivisions3. Living patterns难点：1. Topography of the US2. Physiographic subdivisions3. The geographical history(四)教学建议与说明1. Presenting students with the topography and Physiographic subdivisions by PPT.2. Helping students understand the features of British geography by a lot of pictures, even videos.3. Asking students to make a presentation.(五)教学内容§7-1 Introduction§7-2 Economic Activities§7-3 Rural, Suburban and Urban Living Patterns§7-4 Physiographic Subdivisions of the United States§7-5 Geologic Processes Shape the Nations Physical and Human Geography§7-6 Energy and Mineral Resources Required for a Modern Society§7-7 Summary: The United States---“A Land of Contrasts”Chapter 8 History of the United States(一)教学目的和任务Students should grasp the course of American history and the basic historical facts, and memorize important terms and key points.(二)教学基本要求1. Grasp the basic historical facts about American history.2. Remember key figures and key points in American history.3. Learn and remember the terms.(三)教学重点和难点重点：1. The course of American history2. Major historical events: the Independence War, the founding of the new nation, the Civil War, the Industrial Revolution, the First and the Second World Wars, the post-war period.3. Important historical figures4. The definition of important terms难点：1. The Independence War and the founding of the new nation.2. The Capitalism and Monopolies3. The definition of important terms(四)教学建议与说明1. Presenting students with the course of American history and major historical events.2. Understanding historical events by learning the life of the important historical figures.3. Asking students to make a presentation.(五)教学内容§8-1 Introduction§8-2 Native Americans§8-3 Colonial North America§8-4 The Founding of the United States§8-5 Forming A New Nation§8-6 Nationalism and the Economy Westward Expansion§8-7 The Industrial Revolution and Social Reforms§8-8 The American Civil War and Reconstruction§8-9 Industrialization，Capitalism，and Monopolies§8-10 The United States Becomes a World Power§8-11 The Post World War I Period§8-12 World War Ⅱ§8-13 The Post World War Period (1945- 1989)§8-14 Modern Times§8-15 ConclusionChapter 9 Britain and American Government(一)教学目的和任务Students should grasp the basic structure and departments of British and American governments, the similarities and differences between the two governments, and memorize important terms and key points.(二)教学基本要求1. Grasp the basic structure of British and American governments.2. Understand the features and functions of departments in the governments.3. Learn and remember the terms.(三)教学重点和难点重点：1. The basic structure and departments of British and American governments2. The similarities and difference3. Important political figures4. The definition of important terms难点：1. The core principles and structure of British and American governments2. The Checks and Balances3. The definition of important terms(四)教学建议与说明1. Presenting students with the structure of British and American governments by charts.2. Understanding the checks and balances by charts.3. Asking students to make a presentation.(五)教学内容§9-1 Introduction§9-2 Politics§9-3 Political Legitimacy§9-4 Absolutism and Constitutionalism§9-5 Democracy§9-6 Indirect or Representative Democracy§9-7 Elections§9-8 The Assembly Model§9-9 ConclusionChapter 10 The Economy of the United States(一)教学目的和任务Students should grasp the characteristics and development of American economy, understand the present economic policies and memorize important data.(二)教学基本要求1. Grasp the characteristics and system of American economy.2. Understanding economic dictators and basic economic structure.3. Memorize important data.(三)教学重点和难点重点：1. The characteristics and system of American economy2. The economic dictators and basic economic structure3. Taxation and other economic policies难点：1. Economic dictators2. Industrial structure3. Economic policies(四)教学建议与说明1. Presenting students with the structure of American economy and important economic dictators by pictures and charts.2. Helping students understand characteristics of British economy by examples of world-famous brands or products.3. Asking students to make a presentation.(五)教学内容§10-1 Introduction§10-2 Introduction and Overview§10-3 History and Growth§10-4 Commercial and Nonprofit Firms§10-5 Households§10-6 Government and the Economy§10-7 International Trade§10-8 Problems and Challenges for the U.S. EconomyChapter 11 American Society(一)教学目的和任务Students should grasp the characteristics of American society, understand the social conventions and values, and memorize important data.(二)教学基本要求1. Grasp the characteristics of American society.2. Understanding conventions and values.3. Memorize important terms.(三)教学重点和难点重点：1. The characteristics and system of American society2. The conventions and values难点：1. The conventions and values2. Social problems3. Race and ethnicity(四)教学建议与说明1. Presenting students with the characteristics of American society and social conventions by pictures and charts.2. Helping students understand American values by instances and cases.3. Asking students to make a presentation.(五)教学内容§11-1 Introduction§11-2 Individuals§11-3 Families§11-4 Groups§11-5 Organizations§11-6 Socioeconomic Classes, Status and Roles§11-7 Race and Ethnicity§11-8 Other Social IssuesChapter 12 American Culture(一)教学目的和任务Students should grasp the meaning of culture and the characteristics of American culture. Remember the features and main points in American food, manners and holidays.(二)教学基本要求1. Grasp the characteristics of American culture.2. Learn features and main points in American food, manners and holidays.3. Memorize important terms.(三)教学重点和难点重点：1. The outline of American culture2. American food, manners and holidays, social customs, sports and religion难点：1. Materialism2. Religion3. Manners(四)教学建议与说明1. Presenting students with the components of American culture by PPT.2. Learn manners and holidays by pictures and videos.3. Asking students to make a presentation.(五)教学内容§12-1 Introduction§12-2 Materialism and the Mass Media§12-3 Individual Style and Personal Rites of Passage§12-4 Manners§12-5 Food and Meals§12-6 Pets§12-7 Housing§12-8 Leisure Activities§12-9 HolidaysChapter 13 British Education(一)教学目的和任务Students should grasp the characteristics of American education, acknowledge a profile of American basic and higher education and memorize important terms.(二)教学基本要求1. Grasp the characteristics of American education.2. Acknowledging the basic information of American basic and higher education.3. Memorize important terms.(三)教学重点和难点重点：1. American basic education2. American higher education难点：1. The characteristics of Britain education2. Higher education and elite universities(四)教学建议与说明1. Presenting students with the characteristics of American education using demonstrations and charts on PPT.2. Helping students grasp the outline of American higher education by introducingworld-famous colleges and universities.3. Asking students to make a presentation.(五)教学内容§13-1 Introduction§13-2 Issues in American Basic Education§13-3 Higher Education§13-4 Conclusion三、习题、课程讨论及要求英美概况课程要求学生在课余进行英美国家文化相关资料搜索和整理，课堂授课以理论和知识讲授，学生讨论和总结汇报相结合的方式进行，学生还要通过一定的学习和广泛阅读完成对文化热点问题的相关学期论文。
自考“英语国家概况”大纲详解（1）
英国概况 1. Land and People 国⼟与⼈民 Different names for Britain and its parts 英国的不同名称及其区域 正式名称：⼤不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
简称：联合王国，或UK.⾸都伦敦。
它包括不列颠岛和北爱尔兰。
不列颠诸岛：包括不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛和⼏百个⼩岛。
爱尔兰岛：岛的北部地区，即北爱尔兰属于联合王国；岛的南部地区，称为爱尔兰共和国或爱尔兰，1949年独⽴，⾸都是都柏林。
三个政治区域：英格兰，苏格兰，威尔⼠。
由于帝国主义扩张政策，英国成为⼀个帝国。
两次世界⼤战后，其殖民地不断独⽴，⼤英帝国逐渐消失，1931年由英联邦取代。
英联邦：是由原英国殖民地组成的⼀个⾃由联合体，各独⽴成员国间，根据贸易协议实⾏经济合作。
英联邦没有特别的权⼒，⽬前有50个成员国。
2. Origins of the Nation 英国的起源 Arrival and settlement of the Celts 凯尔特⼈的到来和迁居 ⾃公元前700年不断迁⼊，来⾃东欧及中欧，即现在的法国，⽐利时和德国南部。
三次⼊侵⾼潮： 第⼀次是公元前600年，盖尔⼈。
第⼆次是公元前400年，布⽴吞（不列颠）⼈。
第三次是公元前150年，贝尔盖⼈。
强⼤的酋长卡西弗洛诺斯，莎⼠⽐亚剧本中的⾟⽩林。
技艺：农耕，沼泽地排⽔，修建房屋，铁匠。
后裔：⼭地苏格兰⼈，爱尔兰⼈，威尔⼠⼈。
语⾔：是威尔⼠语和盖尔语的基础。
宗教：德鲁伊德教。
德鲁伊德指智者，占星家和占⼘者。
采⽤活⼈祭祀。
Basis of modern English race： the Anglo-Saxons 现代英格兰民族的基础：盎格鲁——撒克逊⼈ 三⽀⽇尔曼（条顿）部落的⼊侵： 朱特⼈：来⾃朱特兰岛（现丹麦南部）。
酋长亨及斯特和霍塞，帮助肯特国王伏泰根驱逐⽪克特⼈和苏格兰⼈后，转⽽攻击伏泰根，最终亨及斯特成为肯特国王。
广东科技学院外国语学院《英语国家概况》考试大纲(专升本)
广东科技学院2020年本科插班生专业课考试大纲《英语国家概况》课程考试大纲Ⅰ.考试性质普通高等学校本科插班生招生考试是由专科毕业生参加的选拔性考试。
高等学校根据考生的成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。
该考试所包含的内容将大致稳定，试题形式多种，具有对学生把握本课程程度的较强识别、区分能力。
Ⅱ.考试内容及要求一、考试基本要求重点考核学生对主要英语国家的地理、历史、经济、政治、文化传统、风俗习惯和社会生活等方面的了解，考查学生是否达到了《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》所规定的具备扎实的英语语言基本功、英语专业知识和较丰富的人文学科知识的要求，本考试既测试学生对主要英语国家基本知识的识记，也测试学生的词汇、语法、逻辑思维和语言表达能力。
二、考试命题原则1. 命题根据《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》规定的考试目标和考核内容，考试命题应具有一定的覆盖面，突出课程重点，难易度适中，侧重考核考生对主要英语国家（如英国）等基本情况的了解。
2．试卷的题型有：单项选择、判断正误、简答题。
根据考核的要求，适当安排各种题型数量的比例，达到考核考生对知识点的识记、理解和应用的水平和能力。
Ⅲ.考试形式及试卷结构一、考试形式及要求1. 考试形式为闭卷，笔试，考试时间为120分钟，试卷满分为100分。
2. 试卷题型比例：单项选择题占20%，判断正误题占20%，简答题占60%。
3. 试题对不同能力层次要求的分数比例：识记为40%，理解40%，应用20%。
4. 试卷中难易程度的分数比例为：易约占30%，中等约占50%，难约占20%。
二、试卷结构及要求1. 单项选择题（Multiple Choice Questions--Choose Only One Correct Answer）（20%）（1）考核目的：考核考生基本掌握英语国家的地理、历史、政治、教育以及人文知识的能力。
（2）考核形式：采用客观题形式。
形式为选择题，从4个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
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英语国家概况考核大纲单位：江苏师范大学外国语学院教师：李晗“英语国家概况”课程考核大纲课程代号：课时数：36适用专业：研究生公共英语选修课一、本课程的性质、目的和任务1、本课程的性质本课程为集英语国家背景知识和英语语言知识为一体的研究生公共英语选修课程。
该课程在向学生传授语言知识的同时，更让学生了解了目的语国家的地理、社会、经济、政治、宗教等综合文化背景知识，为深化英语语言基础和提高交流能力打下坚实的基础。
2、本课程的目的开设本课程的目的是通过学习使学生了解英美发展简史和简单的英语背景知识，进而提高学生对英语语言的理解能力和文化素养，增强学生对英美文化的了解，培养学生的跨文化交际能力以及对文化的敏感性、宽容性以及处理文化差异的灵活性以适应国际交流的需要，帮助学生开阔视野和知识面。
3、本课程的任务通过本课程的学习学生应该了解掌握英美国家的自然地理、发展简史、社会文化、风俗习惯、政治体制等，通过了解这些英语背景知识，能对不同语言文化背景下的产生的交际差异有所辨别和宽容，并能进行简单的跨文化交际处理．二、本课程的考核内容和要求1、考核内容Part One The United KingdomUnit 1 The countryI. British Isles and BritainII. Northern Ireland and IrelandIII. The United KingdomIV. British geography: other basic factsIV. Physical features of BritainV. British climateUnit 3 HistorySection One: Origin of the English NationI. The natives: Celts (called Britons later)II. Roman invasion:III. Anglo-Saxon Conquest:IV. Alfred the Great:V. Norman Conquest and Middle English (1066)Section Two: The Great Charter and Beginning of Parliament I. Henry II (William’s grandnephew)II. King John and the Great CharterIII. The beginning of ParliamentSection Three: Decline of Feudalism in EnglandI. The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)II. The Peasant Uprising (1381)III. The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485)Section Four: The Tudor Monarchy and the Rising Bourgeoisie I. The New MonarchyII. Enclosure and the Peasant UprisingIII. Discovery of New Lands (omitted)IV. Renaissance in England (omitted)Section Five: Reformation in EnglandI. ReformationII. Bloody Mary:III. Elizabeth I (1533-1603)Section Six: The English Bourgeois RevolutionI. James III. Charles I (1625-1653)III. The English Bourgeois RevolutionIV. RestorationV. Glorious RevolutionSection Seven: The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement I. The industrial revolutionII. The Chartist Movement (1836-1848)III. Queen Victoria and her time (1837-1901)Section Eight: The Rise and Fall of the British EmpireI. The formation of British Empire (omitted)II. Decline of the EmpireIII. The British CommonwealthIV. Britain’s membership (omitted)Unit 4 Government and PoliticsI. The British GovernmentII. Politics and lawUnit 8 ReligionI. Religion HistoryII. Religions and PoliticsUnit 9 EducationI. Different levels of education institutionsII. Overseas studentsUnit 10 Way of LifeI. EducationII. Social Welfare (omitted)III. Religion (omitted)IV. Way of Life (omitted)V. The Press, Radio and TelevisionVI. Festivals and customPart Two The United States of AmericaUnit 1 The CountryI. Lead-inII .The Geographical position of the United StatesIII. Physical descriptionIV. The US climate:V. The 8 geographical regions and their major featuresVI. The contrasts between Alaska and HawaiiVII．10 typical risky areas in the USAUnit 2 HistorySection One: The Thirteen English-American ColoniesI. The first successful English colony: Jamestown in Virginia.II. The second colony: Plymouth in Massachusetts.Section Two: The War of IndependenceI. Conflicts leading to armed revolutionII. Boston Massacre (1770)III. Boston Tea Party (1773)IV. The first Continental CongressV. The first armed clashVI. The second Continental CongressVII. The Declaration of IndependenceVIII. Process of the WarSection Three: Appearance of the American Constitutionand the Washington AdministrationI. The Constitutional ConventionII. Bill of RightsIII. The first US President: George Washington.Section Four: During the First Half of the 19th Century --- an Era of Expansion I. Jefferson and his eraII. Virginia DynastyIII. Andrew JacksonIV. The Mexican War (1846-48)Section Five: The Civil WarI. A survey of US slaveryII. Abraham LincolnIII. The Civil WarSection Six: After the Civil War --- Development and Foreign AggressionI. After the Civil WarSection Seven: During and after World War II. In the World War III. After the WarSection Eight: During and after the World War III. In the World War IIII. After the war (omitted)Unit 4 Political InstitutionsI.Lead-inII. the political mechanism of United StatesUnit 8 EducationI.Lead-inII. The importance attached to education; a matchless school system; the 4 functions III．Characteristics of the US education:IV．Elementary and secondary educationV．Higher education:VI．The adult educationUnit 9 Religion in American LifeI. Religions in American LifeII. Church, State and PoliticsUnit 10 Private Life in AmericaI.Lead-inII. American social security systemIII. Headaches in American societyIV．Major holidays and their significancePart Three CanadaUnit 1 The land and the peopleI.Lead-inII. The Canadian geographyIII．The Canadian peopleIV．The Canadian government: type; constitutionV．The Canadian economy: natural resources; exports; major trading partnersVI．Canada’s history, politics and culture:VII．The Quebec Question:VIII．Comparison and contrast between Canada and the USAPart Four AustraliaUnit 1 The land and the peopleI. Australia: an overall introductionII．Australian population policiesIII．Arguments over republicanism in Australia;IV．Australia: a youthful statePart Five New ZealandUnit 1 The land and the peopleI. Lead-inII. An overall introductionIII. Characteristics of New Zealand and New Zealandersparison and contrast between Australia and New Zealand2、考核的基本要求通过考核检查和了解学生熟悉英语国家的地理、历史、现状、文化、传统、习惯等知识的基本情况，了解学生是否具备一定的对文化的敏感性、宽容性以及处理文化差异的灵活性。