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(全英文论文)英汉人名比较及翻译

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英语的范文汉字姓名中文名字翻译英文名字格式

英语的范文汉字姓名中文名字翻译英文名字格式

英语的范文汉字姓名中文名字翻译英文名字格式英语的范文汉字姓名中文名字翻译英文名字格式1.如果你是英文名字，中文的姓，可以按照西方的方式写。

例如：Rick Zhang2.如果你是中文的拼音，按照中国的顺序，姓在前，名在后;如果名字是三个字的，后两个字拼音要连在一起。

例如：张文洁Zhang Wenjie“ ___”这个名字有两种写法：这种一般写给中国人或会中文的人看，因为中国人习惯姓在前，名在后，你这样写的话，读出来时他也才容易明白2.Xiaoming Li这个比较正式，国际上的正式场合用这种比较好，而且这个多是写给外国人看的，因为英语国家的外国人习惯姓在前，名在后补充：银行的写法又不一样，如果是银行的写法或护照的写法，毛一东是这样的：MAO YI DONG英文名的英文意思是Englishname，目前各国比较流行英文名，因为世界各国交流多了，有了英文名更方便交流。

英语姓名的一般结构为：教名自取名姓。

如William·Jefferson·Clinton。

但在很多场合中间名往往略去不写，如George·Bush，而且许多人更喜欢用昵称取代正式教名，如Bill·Clinton。

上述教名和中间名又称个人名。

英文名与中文名不同，中文名是姓在前名在后，英文名恰恰相反。

例如：中----李，小明；英----Jake·Wood。

Charming ^_^举个例子：比如“ ___”这个名字，有两种写法：1）Li Xiaoming ( 这种一般写给中国人或会中文的人看，因为中国人习惯姓在前，名在后，你这样写的话，读出来时他也才容易明白）2）Xiaoming Li （这个比较正式，国际上的正式场合用这种比较好，而且这个多是写给外国人看的，因为英语国家的外国人习惯姓在前，名在后）英文名的英文意思是Englishname，目前各国比较流行英文名，因为世界各国交流多了，有了英文名更方便交流。

中英姓名文化差异作文英文

中英姓名文化差异作文英文

中英姓名文化差异作文英文The cultural differences between Chinese and English names are profound and fascinating. In China, names hold deep significance, reflecting the aspirations, values, and beliefs of individuals and their families. On the other hand, English names often prioritize personal preference and style over traditional meanings. Understanding these divergent approaches to naming can provide valuable insights into the respective cultural landscapes.In the Chinese naming tradition, the given name, or "ming," is typically composed of one or two characters, each carrying a specific meaning. These characters are carefully selected to convey the parents' hopes and wishes for their child's future. For example, the name "Wen Li" might translate to "cultured and beautiful," reflecting the desire for the child to embody both intellectual and aesthetic qualities. Similarly, "Xiao Ming" could mean "bright and enlightened," suggesting the parents' aspiration for their child to be intelligent and enlightened.The selection of these characters is often influenced by traditionalChinese philosophies, such as Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Certain characters are believed to bring good fortune, prosperity, or harmony, and parents may choose them to imbue their child's name with auspicious meanings. Additionally, the placement and combination of characters can hold symbolic significance, with the goal of creating a harmonious and balanced name.Furthermore, Chinese surnames, or "xing," hold immense importance in the cultural landscape. These surnames often reflect the family's lineage, ancestry, and social status. Many Chinese surnames can be traced back to specific clans or historical figures, and they are seen as an integral part of one's identity. The choice of surname is not taken lightly, as it carries the weight of the family's legacy and reputation.In contrast, the naming traditions in English-speaking countries tend to be more individualistic and less bound by cultural or philosophical considerations. While some parents may still choose names with specific meanings or associations, the primary focus is often on personal preference, style, and uniqueness. English names can range from traditional and timeless to trendy and unconventional, reflecting the diverse preferences and values of modern families.Moreover, the concept of surnames in English-speaking cultures is often less tied to familial lineage and more focused on establishing adistinct personal identity. While surnames may still carry historical significance, they are not as deeply rooted in the cultural fabric as they are in China. The practice of taking on a spouse's surname upon marriage, for example, is a common tradition in many English-speaking societies, further emphasizing the individual over the family legacy.Another notable difference between Chinese and English naming practices is the role of given names. In China, the given name is considered the primary identifier, and it is the name by which an individual is commonly known and addressed. In English-speaking cultures, however, the given name is often used in more formal or professional settings, while nicknames or shortened versions of the name are more commonly used in casual interactions.This distinction reflects the varying levels of formality and hierarchy present in the respective cultures. In China, where social hierarchy and respect for elders are highly valued, the use of the full given name is a way to show deference and maintain a sense of formality. In contrast, the more casual use of nicknames in English-speaking societies reflects a greater emphasis on individuality and informality in social interactions.Furthermore, the process of name selection in China is often a collaborative effort involving multiple family members, includinggrandparents and elders. The name is seen as a reflection of the family's values and aspirations, and it is not uncommon for parents to consult with geomancers, fortune-tellers, or other experts to ensure the name is auspicious and harmonious. This communal approach to naming is in stark contrast to the more individualistic decision-making process typical of English-speaking cultures.Ultimately, the cultural differences in naming practices between China and English-speaking countries reveal deeper insights into the respective societal values, beliefs, and traditions. While the Chinese naming system is deeply rooted in ancient philosophies and the importance of family legacy, the English naming tradition places greater emphasis on personal preference and individual expression. Understanding these divergent approaches can foster greater cross-cultural appreciation and understanding, as we recognize the rich tapestry of human diversity that exists in our global community.。

英语文学作品中的人名汉译本科毕业论文

英语文学作品中的人名汉译本科毕业论文

英语文学作品中的人名汉译本科毕业论文毕业设计（论文）英语文学作品中的人名汉译Translation of Personal Names in English Literary WorksTranslation of Personal Names in English Literary WorksA ThesisSubmitted in Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsFor the Bachelor’s Degree in English Language and LiteratureByWang QiongUndergraduate ProgramDepartment of Foreign LanguagesXiangnan UniversitySupervisor: Li QijiuAcademic Title: Associate Professor Signature＿______ApprovedDecember 2012CONTENTSAbstract in Chinese (i)Abstract in English (ii)Introduction (1)1. The definition and characteristics of personal name (2)1.1 The definition of personal name (2)1.2 The characteristics of personal name (2)1.2.1 Symbolicness (2)1.2.2 Definiteness (3)1.2.3 Varistion (3)1.Personal name and culture (5)2.1 Relationship between personal names and culture (5)2.2 Cultural information in literary works (5)2.3 Personal names in literary works (6)2.Naming methods of persons in English literature (7)3.1 Implying the meaning in pronunciation (7)3.2 Expressing the meaning by personal names (7)3.3 Originating from the allusions (7)4. Translation strategies (9)4.1Two fundamental strategies: domestication and foreignization (9)4.2Translation strategies for personal names in literary works (9)4.2.1 Foreignization (9)4.2.1.1 Transliteration (9)4.2.2 Domestication (10)4.2.2.1 Culture compensation (10)4.2.2.2 Giving up the name, only getting the meaning (11)Conclusion (12)Bibliography (13)Acknowledgements (14)摘要人名是一门艺术，也是人类社会中最普遍的语言现象，是人们利用语言符号区别他人的特定标志。

从常见的中英文名字比较中英两国命名文化差异

从常见的中英文名字比较中英两国命名文化差异

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中英人名对比

中英人名对比

女性英文名的意思﹕英文：中文：來源：涵意：Abigail 艾比蓋希伯來父親很高興Ada 艾達英國快樂的；美麗Adela 愛得拉德國尊貴的；優雅的Adelaide 愛得萊德德國高貴的；高貴階級的Afra 阿芙拉希伯來塵土Agatha 愛葛莎希臘善良而美好的Agnes 愛葛妮絲希臘，拉丁純潔，高雅，貞節Alberta 愛爾柏塔英國高貴顯赫的Alexia 亞莉克希亞希臘幫助Alice 愛麗絲希臘尊貴的，真誠的 (愛做夢的女孩) Alma 愛瑪拉丁，英國真情的、和善的Alva 阿爾娃拉丁白皙的Amanda 阿曼達拉丁值得愛的Amelia 阿蜜莉雅拉丁勤勉的，勞動的Amy 艾咪法國最心愛的人，可愛的Anastasia 安娜塔西雅希臘再度振作起來之人，復活 (有看過電影吧) Andrea 安德莉亞希臘有氣概，美麗而優雅Angela 安琪拉法國天使；報信者，安琪兒Ann 安妮希伯來優雅的，仁慈的上帝Anna 安娜希伯來優雅Annabelle 安娜貝兒希伯來，拉丁美麗的女子；可愛的；和藹可親的Antonia 安東妮兒拉丁，希臘無辭以讚，受尊崇的人April 艾譜莉拉丁春天，大地初醒之時 (春天生的女孩)Arlene 艾琳娜賽爾特誓約、信物Astrid 艾絲翠得丹麥神聖的力量；星星的Athena 雅典娜希臘希臘神話中，智慧、及戰爭的女神，雅典的保護神Audrey 奧德莉法國高貴顯赫的人Aurora 奧蘿拉拉丁黎明女神Barbara 芭芭拉希臘外地來的人，異鄉人；異族人Beatrice 碧翠絲拉丁為人祈福或使人快樂的女孩Belinda 貝琳達德國、義大利有智慧又長壽的人Bella 貝拉拉丁美麗的Belle 貝拉法國美麗的；上帝的誓約；聰明高貴Bernice 柏妮絲希臘帶著勝利訊息來的人Bertha 柏莎條頓聰明、美麗或燦爛的Beryl 百麗兒希臘綠寶石，幸運Bess 貝絲希伯來上帝是誓約Betsy 貝琪希伯來上帝是誓約Betty 貝蒂希伯來上帝是誓約Beverly 貝芙麗英國有海狸的小河Blanche 布蘭琪條頓純潔無暇的；白種人的；白皙美麗的Bblythe 布萊茲英國無憂無慮的；快樂的Bonnie 邦妮拉丁甜美、漂亮、優雅而善良的人Bridget 布麗姬特蓋爾或愛爾蘭強壯，力量Camille 卡蜜拉拉丁好品性的高貴女子Candice 坎蒂絲拉丁熱情，坦誠，純潔的Cara 卡拉義大利朋友；親愛的人Carol 卡蘿法國歡唱，悅耳歡快的歌Caroline 卡洛琳條頓驍勇、剛健和強壯的Catherine 凱瑟琳希臘純潔的人Cathy 凱絲希臘純潔的人Cecilia 圔西莉亞拉丁視力朦朧的人，失明的 (以前有個視障女孩的故事) Celeste 莎莉絲特拉丁最幸福的人，天國的Charlotte 夏洛特法國身體強健女性化的Cherry 綺莉法國仁慈，像櫻桃般紅潤的人Cheryl 綺麗兒法國珍愛的人Chloe 克洛怡希臘青春的，美麗的Christine 克莉絲汀希臘基督的追隨者，門徒Claire 克萊兒拉丁燦爛的；明亮的；聰明的Clara 克萊拉拉丁明亮的；聰明的Constance 康斯坦絲拉丁堅定忠實的人Cora 柯拉希臘處女；少女Coral 卡洛兒希臘，法國珊瑚或贈品，彩石Cornelia 可妮莉雅希臘山茱萸樹Crystal 克莉斯多希臘晶瑩的冰，透明的靈魂，沒有欺瞞Cynthia 辛西亞希臘月亮女神黛安娜的稱號Daisy 黛西英國雛菊Dale 黛兒英國居住在丘陵間之山谷中者Dana 黛娜希伯來來自丹麥的人；神的母親；聰明且純潔的Daphne 黛芙妮希臘神話月桂樹；桂冠 (阿波羅的最愛)Darlene 達蓮娜英國溫柔可愛；體貼地愛Dawn 潼恩英國黎明，喚醒，振作Debby 黛碧希伯來蜜蜂；蜂王Deborah 黛博拉希伯來蜜蜂；蜂王Deirdre 迪得莉蓋爾憂愁的Delia 迪麗雅希臘牧羊女Denise 丹尼絲希臘代表花Diana 黛安娜拉丁光亮如白畫；月亮女神Dinah 黛娜希伯來被評判的人，雅各的女兒Dolores 多洛莉絲拉丁悲傷，痛苦或遺憾Dominic 多明尼卡拉丁屬於上帝的Donna 唐娜拉丁貴婦，淑女，夫人Dora 多拉希臘神的贈禮Doreen 多琳希臘神的贈禮Doris 多莉絲希臘來自大海的；海洋女神Dorothy 桃樂斯希臘上帝的贈禮Eartha 爾莎英國土地或泥土；比喻像大地般堅忍的人Eden 伊甸希伯來聖經中的樂園，歡樂之地Edith 伊蒂絲古英國格鬥；戰爭Edwina 艾德文娜英國有價值的朋友；財產的獲得者Eileen 愛琳蓋爾光亮的，討人喜歡的Elaine 伊蓮恩法國光亮的；年帅的小鹿Eleanore 艾琳諾法國光亮的；多產的，肥沃的，有收穫的Elizabeth 伊莉莎白希伯來上帝的誓約Ella 艾拉條頓火炬Elma 艾爾瑪希臘富愛心的人，親切的Elsa 愛爾莎希臘誠實的Elsie 艾西希伯來，希臘上帝的誓約，誠實的Elva 艾娃斯堪的那維亞神奇且智慧的Elvira 艾薇拉拉丁小精靈，白種人的Emily 艾蜜莉條頓，拉丁勤勉奮發的；有一口響亮圓潤的嗓音之人Emma 艾瑪條頓祖先Enid 伊妮德圔爾特人純潔得毫無瑕庛Erica 艾麗卡條頓有權力的；帝王的；統治者Erin 艾琳蓋爾鑲在海中是的翡翠；和帄，安寧之源Esther 艾絲特希伯來星星Ethel 艾瑟兒英國尊貴的；出身高貴的Eudora 尤朵拉希臘可愛的贈禮，美好的、愉快的Eunice 尤妮絲希臘快樂的勝利Evangeline 伊文捷琳希臘福音的信差，福音；天使Eve 伊芙希伯來生命；賦予生命者生靈之母Evelyn 伊芙琳圔爾特生命；易相處的人；令人愉快的人Faithe 費滋拉丁忠實可信的人Fanny 梵妮法國自由之人Fay 費怡法國忠貞或忠誠；小以女Flora 弗羅拉拉丁花；花之神Florence 弗羅倫絲圔爾特開花的或美麗的Frances 法蘭西斯法國自由之人，無拘束的人Freda 弗莉達德國和帄；領導者Frederica 菲蕾德翠卡條頓和帄的領導者Gabrielle 嘉比里拉希伯來上帝就是力量Gail 蓋爾英國快樂的；唱歌；峽谷Gemma 姬瑪義大利寶石Genevieve 珍妮芙古威爾斯金髮碧眼的人；白種人Georgia 喬治亞希臘農夫Geraldine 嬌拉汀德國強而有力的長矛Gill 姬兒拉丁少女Gladys 葛萊蒂絲威爾斯公主Gloria 葛羅瑞亞拉丁榮耀者，光榮者Grace 葛瑞絲英國，法國，拉丁優雅的。

中英文姓名的文化差异（写写帮整理）

中英文姓名的文化差异（写写帮整理）

中英文姓名的文化差异（写写帮整理）第一篇：中英文姓名的文化差异（写写帮整理）中英文姓名的文化差异〔摘要〕姓名是一种特殊的语言文化现象,本文从形式、起源、功能等方面对中英(讲英语国家)姓名文化进行比较,总结了中西方姓名几方面的特点,反映出两国社会历史、宗教信仰、文化传统的差异。

〔关键词〕中英文；姓名；文化差异;讲英语国家;姓名是一种符号,它是社会上人们藉以相互区别的标志。

我们每个人自出生起,就会获得一个姓名,从此,姓名就会与我们生死相伴,荣辱与共,有的人用姓名表达愿望,有的人赋予它某种精神,有的人用姓名象征某种事物。

因此,姓名必然打上深刻的文化烙印。

古今中外,由于不同的民族文化、历史、宗教、语言、地理环境等因素的影响,中英姓名既有相似之处,又有着显著差异,对两国姓名文化加以比较,饶有趣味,使人深思。

一、中、英姓名在形式上的差异中国姓名,姓在前,名在后;英语国家姓名,名在前,姓在后。

比如,中国人的姓名:王健(姓+ 名);英国人的姓名:LindaJones(名+ 姓,林达·琼斯)。

其实,这种差异有它本质原因;在中国,姓氏的起源先于名字的产生;而在英国名字的产生则先于姓。

二、中国的姓与英语国家的姓在词义、起源、来源等方面的比较(一)姓在两种语言中的词义许慎《说文解字》载:姓“, 人所生也。

⋯⋯从女,从生。

”〔1〕由此可见“, 姓”的起源跟女子生育有关,同一母亲所生的后代有相同的姓。

据说,在中国从伏羲氏就开始正姓氏,别婚姻。

那时,姓是一个部族的族号或标记,代表的是母氏血统,它是标志家族系统的称号。

比如,尧、舜、禹等。

从上古时代,部族或人都以姓为标志符号,此时没有名字。

姓在英语中的意义,英语中的“姓”为“surname ”即“名字之上的(名字)”。

在法语、德语、罗马语、拉丁语等西方语言中,姓均表示“家的名字”,从这些词义我们可以看出,“姓”或者从它与家族的关系出发来定义;或者描述它同名字的关系,并不强调家族血缘关系。

浅谈英语姓名的翻译的论文

浅谈英语姓名的翻译的论文
浅谈英语姓名的翻译的论文
中文摘要 姓名是用来指代社会成员的符号，在人际交往中占据着举足轻重的位置。不管这种符号形式如何变化，其基本功能是相同的。交际过程一开始，交际者遇到的问题往往是需要了解对方的姓名，以便交际正常进行。比如，在称呼，介绍，问候语中，姓名是比不可少的，离开姓名，人际交往几乎无法实现。当今世界变得越来越小，国际不同文化间的交往不断增加，越来越多的人需要经常与异文化的人们进行面对面的交际或需要到异文化环境中去生活或工作，姓名在跨文化交际中的影响也逐渐显露出来，受到人们的关注。为使交际畅通，在特定的环境中使用某种文字的姓名是一个交际策略问题。运用这个策略可能有助于交际的正常进行。不同文化的人们对姓名的态度以及重视程度会有所不同，而同一文化的人们对跨文化交际中的外文姓名问题也会持有不同的看法。如何翻译英语国家的人名，值得探讨，本文主要以英汉语言为例,从跨文化交际以及文化交流的角度讨论英文姓名问题。 关键词：英语姓名翻译；跨文化交际；文化交流abstractname, which is used for representing social member, is a sign, which plays an important role in the communication. no matter how this kind of sign change, the basic function is the same. when the intercourse is starting, the successful communicators should know the counterpart’s name first, so as to achieve the successful communication. when we refer to addressing,

英汉姓名文化差异及其翻译

英汉姓名文化差异及其翻译

往是由人民群众经过长期社会实践而确定或形成的。英汉姓名翻 并非象“George Bernard Shaw”被译为了“萧伯纳”。
译要遵循这条原则，一些名人的姓名翻译遵循了约定俗成的原则。
四、结论
如 ，Shakespeare—— —莎 士 比 亚 ，Edison—— —爱 迪 生 ， 宋 庆 龄—— —
式是姓在前，名在后。如李晓红（Li Xiaohong），李是她的姓氏，晓红 指在翻译过程中尽可能用本民族的方式去表现外来的作品；“异
是她的名字。造成英汉姓名差异的原因有很多，其中最重要的当属 化”则相反，认为既然是翻译，就得译出外国的味儿。钱钟书相应地
英汉的文化差异了。
称这两种情形叫“汉化”与“欧化”。
长，英国人的民主历史在整个英国历史中占很大一部分。这种民主 之上，对是否尽可能展示原作是“怎么说”，是否最大限度地再现原
传统使得该民族Βιβλιοθήκη 较强调个人作用，提倡个人奋斗，突出个人价 作在语言文化上的特有风味上采取的不同态度。两对术语相比，归
值。相反，中国的封建社会开始于公元前 5 世纪，直到公元 20 世纪 化和异化更多地是有关文化的问题，即是否要保持原作洋味的问
史，宗教传统及风俗习惯。本文以英汉两种语言为例，分析其姓名 用拼音法拼出即可，如“李白— ——Li Bai”。英名汉译也是如此，它要
的文化差异及其翻译中应遵循的原则。
求我们掌握所译英名的读音，并且也是按照原有的顺序进行翻译，
二、从文化角度发掘英汉姓名差异
如“Maugham White—— —毛姆·怀特”其中 Maugham 中字母组合 gh
汁原味，很多译者还是很乐意用异化的方式来翻译文学作品中的
3.1 英汉姓名翻译的约定俗成原则

英汉名字比较 英文版

英汉名字比较 英文版

A contrastive study to Chinese name and English nameFor a long time, name has been an important mark of individual identification in human society. In communicative activities, people usually begin with each other’s name. Name, as a culture carrier, has rich and profound cultural connotation, which also reflects the characteristics of national culture. The paper will attempt to analyze the distinguishing features of Chinese name and English name from two aspects.1.The origin of family nameThe Chinese family names are numerous, and there are no accurate statistics until now. The number of family name we use frequently is about 100, which are derived from the following several aspects: the totem of ancestor, such as Niu, Ma, Long, Yang, Li and so on; the place where they lived, for example, Zhao, Qin, Han, Chen; the official position, Si Ma, Si Tu; the profession, Shi( whose ancestor was a stonecutter), Tu( butcher),Tao( potter); the color, Huang, Bai, LanAlthough there is a big difference between Chinese and English culture, the source of name has a lot in common. English name comes mainly from the following aspects: the profession, which is more common than Chinese name, such as Baker, Tailor, Hunter. Take Smith as an example, it’s an usual family in English country, because there were many kinds of craftsmen in early British society, Goldsmith, Coopersmith, Blacksmith, then as the time passed by, Smith has become a family name; the place people lived, Field, Hill, Lane, Bush; natural phenomena, Snow, Summer, May; the animals, Bird, Lame, Bull; the bodily form or appearance of one person, Longman, Fatt, Armstrong; Raised by human migration, Scot( Scotchman), and Wallace( the Welsh), they were newcomers migrating to England2.The naming conventionChinese name is made of family name and given name, and family name comes before given name. When people are given their names, profound meanings are in them, and a distinction should be made between males and females. Men’s names are generally with masculinity, which stands for strength and braveness. While women’s names are often with a beautiful, virtuous, and lovely image. The characteristics of naming convention can be summed up in following kinds: the expectation and aspiration from parents, anguo, yongqing, zhaodi, wenshu; the season, weather and place of birth, huanghe, dongsheng, xue(my elder sister’s first name is xue, for she was given a birth on a snowy day); the plant and flower, mei, lan, ju, tao; the “Eight Characters”of one person, my litter brother’s name is yan(炎），for a fortune-teller told my grandpa the boy was short for fire in his fate; the historical events, but it’s not usual now, such as jiefang, yuejin, zhenhuaEnglish names are generally made of two parts as well, but family name comes after given name. English names have something in common with Chinese name, here we talk about the difference: Named after their parents or good friends, the America ex-president Franklin Roosevelt named his son as Franklin Roosevelt Jr.(小）；Named after the celebrity or deity, Washington, Lincoln, Diana,John; the nickname of some religious sect, William is called Bill for showing intimacy, Richard short for Dick, and Elizabeth for BessName is the sign and symbol of every social member, whose social function is to distinguish each other. However, it implies a national language, history, geography, religion and cultural tradition. Actually, name system is one kind of cultural phenomenon. For example, Chinese name put family name at first, which convey a concept of clanism, group consciousness, andgenetic connection. On the contrary, English name puts given name first, because they place emphasis on personality and individual. Their value is to respect independent personality and subject consciousness. By the comparison of Chinese name and English name, we will have a deeper understanding of our culture. At the same time, we’ll know foreign culture much well, which is useful to conduct an effective conversation with a foreigner and avoid misunderstanding to achieve a win-win situation.。

英汉姓名文化差异及其翻译

英汉姓名文化差异及其翻译

《英汉姓名文化差异及其翻译》摘要：摘要：姓名既是文化的一个组成部分，又充当文化的载体，因此具有较强的文化内涵，“Mr.Earnsha”通常被译为“恩萧先生”，而并非象“George Bernard Shaw”被译为了“萧伯纳”，中英文化的差异使得中英姓名大不相同，同时也给中英姓名的翻译造成很大的困难摘要：姓名既是文化的一个组成部分，又充当文化的载体，因此具有较强的文化内涵。

在英汉的翻译研究中，应对英汉姓名这一部分给与足够的关注。

Abstract:As a part of the culture, name has strong cultural background, so the translation of it deserves attention.关键词：英汉姓名文化差异一、引言姓名是每一个社会人都具有的独特代号。

姓名是各国家，各民族文化的重要组成部分，同时也深深的反映出了该民族的文化，历史，宗教传统及风俗习惯。

本文以英汉两种语言为例，分析其姓名的文化差异及其翻译中应遵循的原则。

二、从文化角度发掘英汉姓名差异英语和汉语的姓名存在着很大的差异。

英语中，名在前姓在后。

如John Smith（约翰·史密斯），约翰是这个人的名字，史密斯是这个人的姓氏。

汉语与英语恰恰相反，汉语一直沿用的姓名构建方式是姓在前，名在后。

如李晓红（Li Xiaohong），李是她的姓氏，晓红是她的名字。

造成英汉姓名差异的原因有很多，其中最重要的当属英汉的文化差异了。

英国封建制度的基本确立发生在11世纪，而资本主义的广泛发展则开始于16世纪。

可以说，英国人并没有“个人属于家族、属于君主”的观念。

然而英国的封建历史虽然短，资本主义历史却很长，英国人的民主历史在整个英国历史中占很大一部分。

这种民主传统使得该民族比较强调个人作用，提倡个人奋斗，突出个人价值。

相反，中国的封建社会开始于公元前5世纪，直到公元20世纪处，孙中山推翻封建帝制建立中华民国，中国的封建历史才宣告结束。

英汉姓名翻译论文

英汉姓名翻译论文

英汉姓名翻译论文Translation between Chinese and English Personal NamesAbstractWith the depth of reform and opening, rapid development of economy and society, international communication between countries is increasing. Thus, having a good knowledge of society history and culture can promote the communication and corporation between nations. Study of names is a kind of culture and science; it is indispensable for each citizen in a country. Therefore, studying cultural connotations and translation of names is of great importance. Personal names are symbols that distinguish one person from others, at the same time they are social symbols. It is “a mirror of culture”. There is a close relationship between name and culture, as carriers of cultures, Chinese and English names are full of cultural connotations. It is agreed that translation is not only a language activity, but also cross-culture communication. Through comparative study on a nation?s history, religion, concepts of moral and value, we can see different cultural connotations between English and Chinese names. From this point of view, the problems of dealing with translation between Chinese and English names are worth discussing.Through the comparisons between origin of Chinese and English names and the way of naming, this paper briefly talks about cultural difference between Chinese and English countries, and their effects on strategies translation so as to explain cultural difference between Chinese and English names. Finally put forward some translation principles and method in term of full names carrying the cultural connotations.Key words：full names of Chinese and English; cultural connotations; translation principle; translation method i摘要随着改革开放的深入和经济社会的快速发展，我国的国际交流也日益增多。

中国人在发表英文论文时汉字姓名究竟应该如何写

中国人在发表英文论文时汉字姓名究竟应该如何写

中国人在发表英文论文时汉字姓名究竟应该如何写？相信，这是各位在投稿英文刊物时碰到的一个现实问题。

当然很多人觉得没有什么问题，已经在有意无意、自然不自然地用一些不知道规范与否的汉语拼音转化为的英文代码了。

但是，如果认真考察一下，发现还是存在许多问题的。

本文就是想针对这个问题进行讨论，并提出我自己的建议。

在谈论这个问题的时候，我想先申明一下。

“人生而自由，却无往不在枷锁之中”，我们现在谈论这个规则，并不是想限制各位“姓名拼写”的“自由”。

人人有捍卫自己姓名拼写的权利，但也有遵循拼写规范的义务，追求书写个性，不应摒弃遵守拼写规则的前提。

各位在网上用的网名，目前是没有任何限制的，你愿意怎么用都可以，但必须遵守社会的基本伦理道德规范。

而在正式出版物中，特别是科研论文中，就应该稳定地拼写自己的姓名，并符合一定的规范和准则，便于他人辨别。

科研论文一般也不提倡用笔名和艺名等。

本文所谈论的中国人的英文姓名拼写，仅指使用汉字作为自己姓名的情况。

对于一些少数民族，特别是不使用汉字姓名的民族，具体情况我是一无所知的，很抱歉有这个可想而知的遗漏。

（敬请各位在评论前，将本文看完。

我发现许多的评论所说的问题我在文中已经进行了充分解释）对大多国家来说，姓名包括两个基本要素：“姓”和“名”。

中国人的姓名是姓在前名在后，而西方大多国家的名字是名在前姓在后。

也有例外，例如匈牙利人的姓名排列就与我国人名相似。

而在亚洲，受中国文化辐射影响的许多国家，如日本、韩国、越南等都是姓在前名在后。

我们是用英文发表文章，那么就应该遵守英文的姓名使用规范，所以先让我们来看英文姓名的拼写规则是什么。

英国人在很长的一段时间里只有名而没有姓。

直到16世纪加入姓氏的姓名才广泛流行开来。

英语姓名的一般结构为：教名（Given Name）+自取名（中间名，Middle Name）+姓（Family Name）。

如George Walker Bush，George 是教名，按照英语民族的习俗，一般在婴儿接受洗礼的时候，由其牧师或父母亲朋为其取的名字，有点像中国的小名（乳名），但它是要叫一辈子的。

中英文姓名比较英文..

中英文姓名比较英文..

中英文姓名比较英文..A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Names中文摘要姓名是人在交往过程中的代码,是人类社会中最基本的人际称谓,也是“标志社会结构中的一种血缘关系和区别个人的标志符号”。

姓名是人类文明特有的现象,是所属文化系统的载体和镜象。

姓氏的来源和人名取法受一定社会的影响和制约。

由于各民族的历史、宗教、文化传统、风俗习惯等密切相关,因此姓名是各民族文化不可分割的一部分,它既反映了各民族文化的共同特点,也体现了各民族的独特文化现象。

对比研究各民族之间姓名的特点,探究各民族之间独特的姓名文化的渊源,姓名的结构特点和取名的方式,揭示中英文化的异同,增进彼此之间的了解,促进中英文化的相互了解和交流。

关键词：中文姓名；英文姓名；对比研究AbstractName is the code in the process of people’ communication, and the basic title of human society, is also a symbol denotation that signs the kin in society living and difference between people. Name is a special phenomenon of human culture, is the carrier for its cultural system. The origin of name and its custom also are affected and restricted by some factors in our society. Because of different national history, religion, tradition and custom, all the factors and so on, they have closely relation, so name is an integrate part of every national culture, it not only reflect the common on every national culture, but also embody the special cultural phenomenon from different nation. A comparative study on the characteristic of name from different cultures, to research the special cultural origin of different names between different nations, the structure character of name and the naming ways, to display the similarities and differences between Chinese andEnglish culture, to enhance the acquaintance with each other, to accelerate the cultural communicate with each other.Keywords: Chinese name; English name; comparative study;Contents1 Chapter ⅠIntroduction (1)1.1 Definition of name (1)1.2 Relevant information of the study (1)1.3 The Significance of Name in Cross-cultural Communication (1)2 Chapter ⅡThe similarities and differences in Chinese and English personal names (3)2.1 The structure of Chinese and English personal names (3)2.2 The origin of Chinese and English family names (3)2.2.1 The similarities in the origin of Chinese and English name: (4)2.2.2 The difference in the origin of Chinese and English names (5)2.3 Naming customs of Chinese and English names and the cultural connotation reflected in the literaryworks (6)3 Chapter ⅢThe influence of deep-going cultural connotation and different social cultures on Chinese and English names (8)3.1 The culture generality in Chinese and English culture (8)3.2 The different cultural connotation (10)4 Chapter ⅣConclusion (11)5 Reference (11)1Chapter ⅠIntroduction1.1Definition of nameName is a sign for people. It is the gather of the given nameand individual name. In China antiquity, the given name and the individual name is used lonely. At present they are called “name “gathered. Name is an appellation for a people and a representation.1.2Relevant information of the studyThe objective of this research is to increase people’s cultural awareness by informing both Chinese and English native speakers of the knowledge of names in both languages and cultures and eventually improves the communication between them. The research is practical in intent. The underlying assumption is that this research will help people appreciate other peop le’s culture and better understand the meanings of names and revise their ways of interacting by taking more account of cultural differences when people with Chinese or English cultural background encounter and communicate with each other.1.3The Significance of Name in Cross-cultural CommunicationTo know a society usually starts from the contact with its people，The contact with its people begins with the names, we tell to each other attach first encounter. We all form distinct impressions when we first hear a name. Perhaps we respond because of the sound of the word or because of mental associations we make，but very definitely an image flash is in the back of our minds simply from the name itself. Therefore，name is not only a mark or a symbol that distinguishes people from each other but also full of cultural messages of action such as language，history，geography，religion，customs，values and class status，etc，.Therefore，as a carrier of culture，names earn serve as living fossils for the study.Robert L. Shook，an American business man and writer，once conducted a survey in which he separately asked twenty male friends of his if they would take out Harriett Finkelstein，a secretary who was coming in from out of town. Eighteen out of the twenty told him they were not available for the blind date. A month later he asked the same men if they would like a blind date with Jill Connors，another secretary from out of town. Influenced by the name alone，sixteen expressed interest in Jill and wanted to know more about her. Poor Harriett missed her chance for blind dates imply because of the image her name suggested. (Shook，1977:l).Obviously the names in the above example bring about different responses from westerns but most of the Chinese People. They may means nothing but symbols. It is the same case for a foreigner when he hears or reads a Chinese name in Ping Yin. With the globalization and pluralism facing people all of the world，peoplehave more and more opportunity to interact with each other and It is the right time for people to take serious of each other and learn to appreciate each other's culture. For example more and more foreigners who study or work in China would like to have a Chinese name. Usually the name is decided by Pronunciation，which sounds similar to a word that might have an elegant connotation. However，some of the names，totally away from their pronunciations，focus on culturally-loaded meanings while some others are simply translated from their original pronunciations. But the problem is that some of the names，obviously without proper thinking or owing to the lack of cultural background information，are translated very awkwardly or even as a taboo in Chinese culture. For example，the English name pearl is translated as Zhenzhu (珍珠)，with theexactly the same meaning in Chinese. As we know the name Zhenzhu(珍珠) nowadays in China sounds old-fashioned or countrified. And Lily，when translated as Bai-he-hua(百合花) in Chinese，would immediately remind people of the taboo-death，since Chinese are profoundly influenced by Buddhism in which Bai-he-hua(百合花) is some how a symbol of death. Chinese people also have problems when deciding to have an English name. Therefore，from the cross-cultural communication perspective，names become confusing and complicated to those who are from different cultural backgrounds.From the examples mentioned above and the differences among them，we may come to these assumptions that problems concerning names in communication which leave Chinese and English people feeling puzzled，curious or funny are often caused by culturally shaped underlying differences in perception and interpretation of various phenomena which cross-cultural communicators are often unaware of; And that people from different countries have formed their own particular naming systems and they tend to transfer this knowledge directly to naming systems of other cultures. By discussing the features of both Chinese and English names and presenting historical and cultural factors that influence people when they choose a name or hear a name，this theist probes into the name phenomena in various aspects in both British and Chinese cultures so as to alert people to the cultural awareness and to promote the better understanding as well as better communication among people from different cultural backgrounds.From the teaching perspective，this research may help both teachers and students better understand the characters in literary works，whose names are often chosen with purposes by theirauthors. The researcher positively believes that most of the obstacles to understanding can be over come with motivation，knowledge and appreciation of cultural diversity.2Chapter ⅡThe similarities and differences in Chinese and English personal names2.1The structure of Chinese and English personal namesThe composition of Chinese name is the family name before, and the given name back. But the English is exactly opposite; they put the given name before and the family name back. The structure form “family name + given name”reflect the Chinese cultural value tropism is collectivism which country affected by orient cultures. China has the history of more than two thousands feudality, under this society, the people more took attention on national conception, and namely the national family name was especially important. In normal living, the genes or the family’s conception played an important roles in their heart, and the emperor is the representative of genes conception, all the things in the country should depend on the concept of the emperor, so in the feudalistic society, not only the country but also the family, only can put the given name which stand for himself after the family name. So the orient name structure, especially the Chinese name structure are affected by long-time feudalistic society, it is the centralized embody of value tropism on country collectivistic. And the family name and given name is the character of Chinese culture.The structure form “given name+ family name” is the necessary result of English cultural individualism. The western cultures which was representative by Anglo-American countries pay attention to technology and freedom, upholding evidence, individual, substance and nonfigurative thinking ways, it includesthe long-time democracy tradition that exist in many European countries such as England, attach more importance to individual action, uphold people should strive for success, then the individual action is more important than the group success. In western, given name--the sign of people became important then the family name. So the western names’structure was more affected by bourgeois humanism philosophic, its structure is the representation form of value tropism of western individualism.2.2The origin of Chinese and English family namesAt the point of time, we can see that the origin of Chinese clan has centuries-old history; this can track to the enatic society in antiquity. But English clan is used until A.D 11th century, its history is transitory. The origin of Chinese clan firstly come from the words “name”, name is composed by “ woman” and “living”, its meaning is people all feed by woman, this reflects the enatic society maybe the origin of name. And the research states that many antique family names were made up with the word “women”. Actually, family name is a code for an enatic society, through the research on a family name, we can clearly acquaint with the origin,development, flight, differentiation, flourish and downfall of a kin-group.The family name is a cultural mark for a religion, if you got the family name; it means you got the acceptation of the religion. In some contents, it is a mark for some social status and back group. There are the date’s states that the clan is evolved from the family name, and is the signs for a clan divided into many branches. Mr. Zhou gushing, the historian, whose research indicates that China anciently primly is a society by woman family name and man clan, family name is a kin signs of the samereligion, and clan primly is the signs of the man header in man clan. Until the Qi’in time, male family name began to replace the female family name, they began to melt with each other, and then they have a general designation of family name. English family name began to be used at about 11th century, until the end of 16th century, it became perfect. But in fact, since from 14th century, western countries also begin to adopt male family name as his family name. As per the record in cyclopedia, family name came of noble families; the purpose of it is to make their family will live forever. Later as the development of society, the family name gains more and more aboard using, its gist also has more and more forms.2.2.1The similarities in the origin of Chinese and English name:They usually take the living place as their family name. Chinese family name mostly come from the living place most named after the burning place or living place or the natural environment or the region name as their family name. And many English family name also come from place-name, includes the living place and country name. Such as Wallace (the person comes from Cambrian), Norton (adopt from Northern Town), Whitney (place-name in England), Brookes (the person comes from mountain), Roebuck (the person lives in the place with fawn), Bradford (ford place was shaped by river).They also take the occupation as their family name. In Chinese, the sons should inherit their parent’s oc cupation or working, the way is the main approach for devaluating some craft or art in antique society, then the offspring naturally named the occupation or crafts as their family name. In English, the research of Leslie Dunking indicate some English family names comesfrom occupation, such as Smith, the holder of this family name original is an ironsmith in 14th century, and this occupation is an important industry in mid-century, the weapons in war and normal dead stocks can not be off this occupation. So Smith is the most frequent family name. There are some other similar ones: Tailor, Walker, Arch-err, Clerk, Turner, and Wight and so on.The origin of them is the ancestral family name. Chinese family names come from ancestral given name or clan name. But some of English names come from father’s given name. Most of English name come fromfather’s firstly name, its character is the end of the name “-son”, such as Harrison, Henry son, Dickinson, Henderson, Richardson, Gilbert-son, Gibson, Greg son, Gridiron, Dixon and so on.2.2.2The difference in the origin of Chinese and English namesSome of Chinese family names are from the name of homeland, but this way does not exist in English family names.Some of Chinese family names are from the official position, but this phenomenon does not exist in English family names. The countries: Xia, Shang, Zhou all had no official positions, so the offspring of these officers naturally named their family name after their ancestral official position.Some of Chinese name are obliged by the Emperors, but this way does not exist in English family names. Some of the Emperors in China history were in hope of honor and lasso the main Gen, they will favor them the “country family name”, and it in some content means the emperor’s re lation. Such as the Tang dynasty in history which belongs to family Li, so “Li” is the country family name. At the same time, the emperors also willfavor the political opponent or betrayer contumelious family names.Some of Chinese family names are from female, but it does not exist in English family names. In remote antiquity female clan society, the family name is used to indicate female relation. But some English family names are from the nicknames. In Greece language, hypocoristic means the nickname of pet, nickname is a true name and the name after nickname sounds like more friendliness, such as Pip is the nickname of Philip, Kit is the nickname of Christopher. The family names which made up by Henry include Harry, Harris, Haskin; the family names which made up by Gilbert include Gibbis, Gibbons, and Gibbin. The family names which made up by Gregory include Gregg, Grigg, Griggs, and Greig.Otherwise, there are differences in the original time and sequence of family names. It mainly represent in the English name appeared earlier than the family name. In contrast, Chinese family name appeared earlier than the name. This reflects the different social process between English and Chinese. The slavery family background is important to Chinese people, so the family name is more important than the given name in the Chinese people’s hearts; this also indicates the collectivism value tropism in China. Compared the history between slavery society and feudalism, the English slavery and feudalism is only a night-blooming cereus. Original English has no family name, and the name regulation was formed relatively late. This indicates there did not form the clan relation which made up with families, even a stable descendent emperor system. English did not finish feudalization, and there are many free farmers everywhere from 9th to 11th century, until A.D1066, English feudalization system began to be built up widely. But only survived several hundred years, at the end of the 14th century, English slavery system disorganized, till the 16th century, capitalism widely sprang up and lead to the burst of bourgeois. So English the given name began important than family name. This maybe the reason for why the given name is at front of the family name in English-speaking countries.2.3Naming customs of Chinese and English names and the cultural connotation reflectedin the literary worksName as an individual character in society, its original connotation has consanguineous connection with the development of social history. After a comparative study, we can know that there are some common and differences on naming customs of Chinese and English names.Ⅰ.There are some similarities in the naming customs of Chinese and English name, the mainly form as the following:1). Named after timeChinese people often name their children after time, others can clearly know the born time of the child from their name, and name is a memory for them. The same as Chinese names, the English names often make use of time, such like: Spring, winter, Rain, Snow, Wind, Moon, and May.2). Named after propagationChinese people often named their children after animals or others with full power and strength, but also with the nidering animal name means nobleness. At the same time, they also make use of the name of plants. As well as Chinese names, English parent also usually name their children after propagation in hoping of better development on their characteristicdevelopment.3).Named after the structure of wordsChinese people often adapt similar word as chil dren’s names; the purpose of this is for reading simple and catchy. Or the name is made up by double words,; or the family name is divided into the given name; also the family name gather with the given name means a perfect connotation. Or the family name is his father’s, and the given name is his mother’s family name. This is a representation of the levitation of women status in society and living. The structure of English name is similar as Chinese ones, such as: Rosemary is made up of Rose and Mary; May is transferred from Mary. This innovation is a form of western thinking.4). Named after the bailment of their eldershipMost of Chinese names melt with the expectation of their eldership, they expect inheriting wealth, flourishing family; longevity and so on. But the western culture emphasizes individual power, and gain successby individual efforts, so individual bravery and muscularity is the guarantee and precondition of success. Individual success is the top target of everyone living, as the parents, used such names meaning the expectation and bailment on their children (mainly the boy). Such as: Boris, William, Richard, Harold, Abraham and so on.Ⅱ. The difference in the naming ways of Chinese and English namesChinese names reflect profound cultural connotation of China. Their names mean the connotation as the above, the expectation of their parents, their thinking ways and mode; the memory for Chinese history or great matters, or some historyvariance. At the same time, there are many other factors such as: station, sequence, weight and method all become the information source of naming.The naming ways of English names have their own characters. This mainly embody on the consciousness of religion and money. Often we can see most of them are come from the language of Anti-Greece, Hebraic and Latin. In Hebraic, most has the relation with Judaism Myth; In Anti-Greece and Latin, most of them have the relation with the godly names of Greece and Roma myth. But few names have direct relation with Christianize Such as: James, Diana, Athena, Eliot, Pound, Dollar, France and so one. Through them, we can see the expectation that the parents means, and the good dream.3Chapter ⅢThe influence of deep-going cultural connotation and different social cultures on Chinese and English names3.1The culture generality in Chinese and English cultureCross-Cultural communication involves communication as well as aspects on chronology，linguistics，Psychology，sociology，etc..Scholars from different regions and different perspectives define its content in various ways.In America，Richard Porter listed eight aspects of the content: attitude(including world views，values，Prejudice，stereotyped views)，ethnocentrism，social organization，Way of thinking，language，sense of space，sense of time and non-verbal expression.In Europe，the study of cross-cultural communication has been closely related to linguistics. It has been separated as an independent discipline only recently. Raymond Williams has done a lot of research on culturally-loaded English words in hisbook keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society，which gives people a lot of insights to the content of cultural studies. Jenny Thomas presented her basic ideas about the intent of cross-cultural communication in her book Pragmalinguistic Failures in cross-cultural Communication from the perspective of pragmatic use of the language. She classified failures in communication into two: Pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure. In cross-cultural communication，her sociopragmatic failures refer to the contents like what topic is proper and what is not; The relationship between people; the rights and obligations of people and values etc. (Hu，2002:14) In China，teachers began to pay attention to cross-cultural communication only in 1980s.Our focus was on foreign language teaching and the relation between target language and its culture. Xu Guozhang(许国璋) was the first to publish his article Culturally-loaded words and English Language Teaching in1982. (Hu，2002:16) In 1989，Deng yanchang(邓炎昌) and Liu Runqing(刘润清) published their book Language and Culture in which certain cultural differences involving languages between Chinese and native speakers of English are analyzed and discussed. This book has a tremendous influence in the study of the relations hip between language and culture in China. Later on Hu wenzhong(胡文仲) has published many articles and books on this issue，and thus the content of cross-cultural communication has gone beyond foreign language teaching. Now more and more works are published which have covered comparisons of Chinese and foreign languages and their cultures in all kinds of details and aspects such as customs，animals，plants，color words，numbers. names，etc.3) Review of Comparative Study of Names from Cross-Cultural Communication PerspectiveAs mentioned above，the early study of cultural communication in China focused on foreign language teaching and the relation between target language and it culture in abroad sense. In early 1990s，the content of cultural communication Started to go beyond foreign language teaching. Articles as well as books on comparative study of names，from the cross-cultural communication perspective，began to appear in China in 1990s.In 1994，two articles on names written separately by Lou Guangqing(楼光庆) and Lu Jianji(鲁健骥) were collected in the book《文化与交际》edited by Hu Wenzhong. Lou in his article“从姓名看社会和文化”briefly analyzed the features of Chinese and American names while Lu in his paper“人名与称谓中的排行”focused on the proper order of interpersonal greetin gs often puzzling foreigners.Tian Huigang(田惠刚)in his book《中西人际称谓系统》published in l998 gives a detailed description of given names as well as family names in Chinese culture and western culture. This book provides a quite comprehensive knowledge of names. The disadvantage is the language，what the author means here is that the book was written in Chinese without English version.Again in 1998，JiaWeiguo(贾卫国) published his article“语言、姓氏与文化”in which he did a general and comparative study on Chinese and English names. Du Xuezeng(杜学增) in his book 《中英文化习俗比较》published in 1999，devoted one chapter to name customs both in China and in English-speaking countries but this whole chapter，I think，is a general introduction to name diversities in both Chinese and English cultures.Yang Sijian(杨自俭) in his article“英语姓名学中的几个问题”printed in 2001 theoretically presented his ideas on anthroponomastics meaning name study. Zhan Bei(詹蓓) in 2001 in her article“译名与文化”published in Chinese Translators Journal brought our attention to the cultural implications in the translation of names.In 2003，GaoYongehen(高永晨) and RenRui(任瑞) also published an article in Tianjin Foreign Studies University Journal entitled“中英姓氏差异中的文化蕴涵”. This article discussed the associations or images that both Chinese and English names had produced when encounters first met with each other either in daily life or in 1iterary works.From all that is mentioned above，readers may have the impression that the content of cultural communication covers various aspects of languages and their cultures，including names. Benedict，at the very beginning of her book patterns of Culture，stated，“From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk，he is the little creature of his culture，and bythe time he is grown and able to take part in its activities，its habits are his habits，its beliefs his beliefs，its impossibilities his impossibilities.”(Benedict，1934:3)One’s name，as apart of his culture，a window of his society and bearer of his cultural heritage，is born with him and companies him for the rest of his life.Therefore，it may assumingly well influence his life as well as his future，if we believe culture shapes one's experiences and behaviors.3.2The different cultural connotationName is a special cultural language, it reflects some cultural history, civilization and custom, is one of the most importantcultural epitomes. Through comparing the Chinese and English name, we can know that there are many similarities between these two kinds systems of name, but the difference is more evident. And the difference we had stated above, so now we will not repeat here. We can get the following revelation after the study on it:Firstly, the Chinese name has more long and old history than the English one, not only the structure is more complex than English name, but also the name plays a more important function in our society. The language embodies the thinking character of his nation, at the same time, restrict and lead human thinking ways. The origin of family name in China is more earlier, and on the before of given name on the form, this explains Chinese put family name on an important position, and take it as a sign of a family. Given name is an individual signs. In another word, family stands an integrate position in everyone’s hear, personal benefits should be after this. But in England, the given name is on the before of the family name, as well as on the form, they consider that the family name is a supplement of the given name. Because the family name did not have so important meaning, so they put more attention on their individual name—the given name. They have no so strong family thinking as Chinese, they don’t care the other kindred exclude their parents and their children.Secondly, name also can reflect the different behave when Chinese and English people faced authority. In China, in all ages, people consider the names jinn, emperor, oracle and successful man is sacrosanct, so when they refer these, they can not call their name directly, and Chinese don’t like copy the name of head and celebrity. This shows that there is stronger grade-mind。

中文名与英文名的差异英语作文

中文名与英文名的差异英语作文

中文名与英文名的差异英语作文原文：The vast distinction between the names from the west and the east are as follows:The east family name is stated first and follows by their first name whereas the west, the first name is stated first and follow by the last name. More importantly, it is very important to follow the lineage of the family root hence, the east would have their family since day one and they can trace their ancesor way up to thousands of year as they carry the same family name. It is rather impossible for the west to trace back using the same family name. It is because of the eastern folks i.e.Chinese culture and tradition译文：来自西方和东方的名字之间的巨大区别如下:东方的姓是先说，然后是他们的名，而西方的姓是先说，然后是他们的名。

更重要的是，追踪家族的血统是非常重要的，因此，东方从第一天起就有了他们的家族，他们可以追溯他们的祖先，因为他们有着相同的姓氏。

对于西方来说，使用同一个姓氏进行追溯是相当不可能的。

这是因为东方人，即中国文化和传统。

中英姓名文化对比原文

中英姓名文化对比原文

Cultural Comparison between English and Chinese NamesChapter 1 IntroductionWhat is a name? A name is “a word or set of words by which a person, animal, place, or thing is known”1. These are sometimes called proper names. According to the science of numerology (the branch of knowledge that deals with the occult significance of numbers 2), a name is a given-tab to the things or persons by which they become popular later and hence it has a special coterie to reveal than making little sense. In this paper, names for personal names are especially discussed for they are a symbol as well as an information carrier, through which people can better perceive a society and culture in various aspects. Conventionally, at any rate, people have a given name and a surname. The names are different, and serve different purposes: “a given name is essentially private property, and a surname public, but in their respective and differing ways both names carry equal weight, both actually and legally, as a means of identificatio n.”3 Names brand people with distinctive marks that separate them from the rest of the herd, and at the same time, make them a part of it. People will find the history, the religion, the character of a nation stamped upon the individuals in the names they bear.As special symbols, names are not only signs of language, but also signs representing relationships among societies and cultures. Each person in the society has its name which differs him from others in the community, and each country has its own naming system owing to their different historical and cultural backgrounds. Name is the distinguishing symbol of any society. The naming system can reflect much information of the nation. Human names contain abundant cultural information.Naming is a common human act of fundamental significance. Its study, in its history context, has been much neglected, and its importance seldom realized. The history of names is so ancient that no one knows quite where it began. Earlier namesseem to have some sort of meaning, usually descriptive. In contrast, today's names are usually given based upon their popularity or pleasing sounds. Early in prehistory, descriptive names were used continuously. Eventually, a collection of names was formed that identified that particular culture. Today, the meanings of many names are not known, due to the aging history of a name. As time goes on, languages change, and words that formed the original name are often unrecognizable. But in recent years, more and more experts realize the importance of the studying on personal names and carry out much research into it. The content of names is abundant, which includes studies on history, demography, linguistics, cultures, customs; in this paper the author is intended to study English and Chinese names from a cultural point of view.Names in different societies follow different patterns but are largely associated with religions, traditions, and cultures. This paper makes a comparative study of English and Chinese names in terms of name structures, naming customs and different religions, and thus analyzes the different cultures behind English and Chinese names. It specifically discusses how different cultures and religions have a great influence in people’s names. Christianity is the main culture factor affecting English people’s thoughts and names, just as Confucianism affects Chinese people’ values in ordinary life. There are many differences between English and Chinese naming systems, ranging from name structures to name principles. Research on these differences proves to be very worthwhile to the intercultural communication.Chapter 2 Different Name Structures and Different Cultures2.1 Different name structure of English and Chinese CultureThe most marked difference between English and Chinese names is their different structures. In general, English names consist of three parts: first name (Christian name), middle name and surname; while Chinese names consist of two parts: given name and family name. In English, given name comes first while in C hina family surname comes first and only thereafter comes the given name. We’ll discuss these two different name structures on historical and cultural background.2.1.1 Different name structure on historical backgroundAs to English family name, its history is much shorter than the Chinese ones. The popularization of English family names was not pushed until 18th-19th century. Before that is was not very common for people to have family names. They are distinguished by their given names. The heads of the family were addressed by the names of their mansions. As the development of economy of capitalism in the European countries, the trades among different places and countries are considered to be more and more important. People have to share all kinds of social rights as well as responsibilities. The old appellation system cannot serve for the new situation. People need family names or last names are much more than before. From historical reason, we see why English family names come last.There are much more differences between English and Chinese given names. In English, given names are more casual and more complicated in structure than Chinese given names. In English the first name could be one’s Christian name or given name. Middle name can be one’s second given name while one’s first name is not a Christian name. In this structure, middle name is not as important as first name (Christian name of first given name), and it is quite common for westerners to omit or abbreviate middle name. For example, Franklin Delano Roosevelt can be rewritten as Franklin D. Roosevelt. No matter how many given names people have in English speaking countries, each single name has their independent places and functions.However, from above we see that English given names come before family names. In English, people pay more attention to their religion. They don’t have great sense of family as Chinese do, what they focus on is individuals. That’s why they put their given names first in order to show their own characteristics.In the matriarchy society, Chinese have two kinds of family names. “One is the name of clan(氏), the other is the name of family(姓). The former one is used to distinguish different ranks of family, whereas the latter is used to tell apart different families in which the members are associated with blood.”4 For example, in a Chinese name: Zhang Zhenhua, Zhenhua is the name of clan (given name) and Zhang is his family name. As we know, the basic reason for people to share one family name should be that they aresharing the same ancestors. That is to say, they are connected by consanguinity. In ancient China, there would be thousands of people who share the same family name, or have the same consanguinity; they were from the same clan and living in the same big villag e. Some of them may move to other places, but they wouldn’t change their family name.From ancient China until now, Chinese people pay much attention to their family names and respect their ancestors very much. It’s very natural, Chinese people put their family names in the first place.2.1.2 Different name structure on cultural backgroundFrom the cultural background, the Chinese people have a great sense of family; the family honor and profits are always considered than one’s personal honor or profit, that is to say, when the profit of individual conflicts with that of a group, there is no doubt that the former should give way to the latter. The focus of Chinese family names can best reflect this tradition. In China, family name is definitely prior to given names not only in their order but also in its meaning.For example, Qin Hui is a treacherous court official in Song Dynasty. His offspring, Qin Zhongyu, a clean-fingered official, once came to Qin Hui’s tomb and said, “The name of Hui is seldom seen sinc e Song Dynasty, and as to me, I am really ashamed to have the family name as Qin.” Although he felt shamed of being named as Qin, he didn’t change his family name.5From this we can see the importance and focus of family name in China. There is a famous Ch inese saying, “A real hero would let his head cut rather than change his family name.” Unless the change of their family names is permitted as a kind of bestowing from the emperor, it is less possible for them to make this change.2.2 Different Structures Reflect Different Cultures2.2.1 Chinese name structure reflects Chinese people’s great sense of familyThe opposite orders of Chinese and English names are reflection of different cultures on personal names. Chinese family names represent the relationship of clan, group and consanguinity. Traditional Chinese culture emphasizes the generality. Therefore, in this kind of cultural atmosphere Chinese people put their family names which represent their ancestors, clans and groups before their given names, thesymbols represent individual and individuality.2.2.2 English name structure reflects their strong sense of individualismWhile the western people not only emphasize individuals and individuality, but also value the independent personality and self-consciousness. They think the given names are life and soul of a person, so they highly value them. Contrary to the high esteem of given names, they think family names are not very important. The reflection of this sense on the names leads to the different order of names.Chapter 3 Similar and Different Naming Principles in English andChinese Names3.1 Similar naming principles in English and Chinese namesIt is reported that there are nearly 35000family names for English people, but only more than 1000 given names. In Chinese there is a totally different situation: family names are quite limited with the number around 3050, but people can choose their given names from about 40000 Chinese characters.6However, the names of these two systems are quite different, but their naming principles are similar to each other. We can see this in the following aspects.3.1.1 Name after placesFor example, Liu Zongyuan, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, was born at the eastern side of river, so he has another name Liu Hedong (the eastern side of river). The reason of this principle may be that people want to remember the birth place of their children. In English, surnames deriving from a place are probably the oldest and most common. For example, many names come from rivers and streams: “Surtees (on the Tees), Pickersgill (a stream with a pike in it), Hope and Holm (raised land in a fen), Fleet (estuary or stream), Burn and Bourne (a stream) and Sike and Sykes (a marshy stream).”73.1.2 Name after weather or seasons“In China, we have a lot of names associated with weather and seasons. That’s because people were born on that weather or in that season, such as Yusheng (born ina rainy day), Xuemei (born in winter with many plum), Yunxia (rosy clouds in the sky).”8 The same situa tion happens in English. For example, Spring, May, June, Snow, Frost and so on. It has been suggested that these names refer to the time of birth, baptism, or conversion.3.1.3 Name after animalsPeople name themselves after the animals because they hope that their appearances or their characters would like that kind of animals. The meaning of tiger, dragon, phoenix, dog and eagle are very positive in Chinese, so names like Li Xiaolong (the little dragon), Cheng Long (becoming a dragon) are commonly seen in China. In English, the same, Bear may refer to a person just like a bear, while Seal may indicate someone who is very good at swimming.3.1.4 Name after plantsThe reason of this principle is the same as (3). For example, flowers are very beautiful, so Tao (a peach), Lian (a lotus) in China and Lily, Daisy in English speaking countries are very popular in people’s names. It may indicate that the persons are born in the season of these flowers.3.1.5 Name after metalsNames associated with metals are frequently seen both in Chinese and English. We have Yin Xiang (Silver)，Tong Gen (Copper), etc in Chinese names and names as Silver, Copper, Iron in English are not rare. One thing that attracts our attention most is either in China or in English speaking countries, people name their children in succession according to the value of metals. For example, if there are three brother in one family, in China, they may be named as Zhang Jin，Zhang Yin, Zhang Tong; While in western countries, there are names as Gold, Silver, and Copper.3.1.6 Name after occupationsBoth Chinese and English people prefer to take occupations as their family names because of historical reason. For example, in Chinese, we have Tao (Pottery)，Tu (slaughter animals for food),etc; in English, Other surnames were formed from a person's job or trade. “The three most common English names are Smith, Wright and Taylor. Cook and Turner are also very common. A name ending in -man or -er canusually imply a trade, such as Chapman (shopkeeper), Latimer (interpreter), Jenner (engineer), and Dauber (plasterer).”93.2 Different religions and cultures cause different naming principles in English and Chinese namesThere is also cultural influence which results in the differences between English and Chinese naming system.3.2.1 Confucian and collectivism have great influences in Chinese namesChinese culture is characterized by collectivism, high distant power, and intra-group harmony. These dominant cultural orientations can be traced back to the long history of China. In ancient China, often the entire inhabitants of a village belonged to the same surname and were thus a clan or a family group , in which harmony and high distant power were highlighted. The members of a clan or family showed respect to the head of the clan or the family, and the younger paid deference to the order. This hierarchy was reinforced by the ethics of Confucius in the feudal age. At the time when Confucius (551-479B. C.) lived, the slavery system had disintegrated and there were constant wars between the feudal states.Confucius insisted that every government official must obey the emperor, while the emperor must also act as a just ruler. In the family, he urged that every son must obey his father, while the father must also act as a kind father. He believed that if everybody would practice this way, the whole nation would be in good order and few crimes would happen. The form of Confucian feudal ethical code of the three cardinal guides and five constant virtues (ruler guides subject, father guides son, husband guides wife, five constant virtues: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity).10For example, some ineffable principles in naming formed in ancient China mainly because of the influence of Confucian. When royal clan system dominated the whole federal society, the common people cannot call the name of the emperors, of officials, of the wise and even the names of their higher generations. In naming, people cannot have the same name as that of the persons mentioned above, otherwisethis action will be considered as extremely impolite. When they happened to have the same name, they have to change their name either with the similar meaning or with the same pronunciation. Although it seldom happens in the modern life, it often appears in classic Chinese novels3.2.2 Christianity and Bible play important roles in English namesHowever, the phenomenon that the members of younger generation use members of older generation’s given names as their own names is very common in Britain or America, for example, British politician William Pitt and his son William Pitt, American artist George Inness and his son share the same name. To understand this phenomenon, we have to know the tradition of English naming. In western, the way of using their father or grandfather’s names as their own names is a practical way of naming. That is because before the appearance of family names, the consanguinity of a family was mainly manifested through duplication of names and alliteration. And duplication of names is the simplest way. Later family names appeared, but the tradition of using father or grandfather’s name to name a baby was survived.For the purpose of identification, “the Elder” and “the Younger” or “Senior” and “Junior” are respectively put behind the father and son’s names, for example, James Earl Carter, Sr. and his son James Earl Carter, Jr. Usually in Britain people use “the Elder” and “the Younger”, in America people use “Senior” and “Junior”.11 What influences English-speaking countries most is the Christian religion. Back to the first century A.D., Christians founded their origins in Palestine. Two century later, Christianity became a very great political power, influencing greatly western countries in every field. The Bible was then widespread among the society and gradually founded its basic position in English cultures.So in English, people pay much attention to their religion. When a baby is born, usually he or she has to be taken to the church to get baptism, where the priest or their parents given them a name which is put at the first place at his full name. This name is the Christian name, showing the parents’ respects to God. They give Christian name to their child hoping that it will bring good luck to him or her. These names are always from the Bible or fairy tales of Greece and Rome. Actually, not only theChristian names or given names are taken from the Bible and fairy the tales, many family names and last names are also from them. For example, “the name of Adam, who is the ancestor of the human being in Bible, means in Rabbinic a man made by the red earth; Eden, which means happiness in Rabbinic, refers to the Garden of Eden in the Bible;”12 “the name of Athena, who is a goddess of wisdom and war, is a female name in Greek Mythology; Jupiter was the supreme god in Roman mythology. He presided over the heavens and light, and was responsible for the protection and laws of the Roman state.”13 This is also the name of the fifth and largest planet in the solar system. English names coming from the names of saints and Bible reflect the religious influence in people’s life. About in the 3rd century, Christianity became important social power in Rome. Then it was spread in other European countries and Bible became foundation stone of western culture. English culture is a part of western culture and inevitably influenced by Christianity and the influence can be seen from the names.Chapter 4 ConclusionEnglish and Chinese names reflect the unique social psychologies of the two nations. The names are different in structures and connotations, in origins and development English people pursue individualism and have a strong sense of religion. They are also extroverted and devoted to equality and competition. Chinese people like to stay in common with others. They have a strong sense of social hierarchy and are tend to be introverted. They are also devoted to Confucius and have a general disposition of being calm and peaceful.Recently the meaning of English names becomes more and more trivial and it is often unknown even to its possessors. This shows English people pay little attention on the meaning of English names, but focus on euphony, so the symbolic feature of names is more and more obvious in English. This is the inevitable result decided by the features of English language and the English culture orientation. However, inChina, people always pay much attention to the meaning of their names. Parents are serious, when give a name to the child. And the name often contains a deep connotation and parents’ good wish.From this case, we can see the most important difference between English and Chinese. Just as Li Dazhao, a Chinese politician says in his article: “The civilization of East is spirit and the Western civilization is made of the material; Eastern civilization belongs to soul and Western civilization belongs to body.”14 He has pointed out clearly the essential differences between East civilization and West civilization. We also get another conclusion: the civilization in the East is spiritual, and the West is material; the East is humanistic, and the West is Scientific; the foundation in the East is the society, and the western foundation is the country; the east finds the common points in people’s differences in order to s et up coordination in intricacies, however, the West only pay attention to the action and the speed. Although the two cultures are different, they actually exist in the human society and have motivations to human culture and society’s development.Notes1Judy Pearsal, The New Oxford Dictionary of English (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001), 1229.2 Ibid., 1272.3 Room Adrian, Naming Names (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1981), 12.4 徐建顺，辛宪，《中国姓名文化的奥妙》，北京：中国书店，1999年，第56页。

中文名字和英文名字差异英语作文

中文名字和英文名字差异英语作文

中文名字和英文名字差异英语作文The Differences Between Chinese Names and English NamesHi everyone! Today, I want to talk about something interesting – the differences between Chinese names and English names. Names are important because they help us identify and remember people. Let's explore these differences together!In China, we have unique naming traditions. Chinese names usually have three parts: the family name, the given name, and sometimes a middle name. For example, my name is Zhang Wei. "Zhang" is my family name, and "Wei" is my given name. Chinese names are often chosen to have meaningful characters that represent positive qualities or blessings.On the other hand, English names have their own special features. English names usually don't have a family name in the same way as Chinese names. Instead, there is just one given name and sometimes a middle name. For example, my friend's name is Emily Smith. "Emily" is her given name, and "Smith" is her family name. English names often have roots in various languages, and they can have different meanings or be based on historical figures or famous people.Another interesting difference is the order of names. In China, we write our family name first, followed by our given name. So, my name is written as Zhang Wei. But in English, the given name comes first, followed by the family name. For example, my friend Emily's name is written as Emily Smith. It's important to remember this difference when we write names in different languages.Pronunciation is another aspect where Chinese and English names differ. Chinese names are pronounced using Mandarin or other Chinese dialects. The sounds and tones in Chinese are quite different from English. English names, on the other hand, follow English pronunciation rules. Sometimes, Chinese names can be challenging for English speakers to pronounce correctly, and vice versa. It's always fun to learn how to pronounce names from different cultures!Furthermore, Chinese names often have beautiful meanings behind them. Parents may choose a name based on their hopes and wishes for their child. For example, the name "Jing" means "quiet" or "serene," while the name "Li" means "strength" or "power." English names can also have meaningful origins, but they are not always chosen for their meanings. Sometimes,parents simply like the sound of a name or choose a name to honor a family member or a famous person.In conclusion, Chinese names and English names have several differences. Chinese names usually consist of a family name and a given name, written in a different order compared to English names. Pronunciation and the meanings behind the names also vary between the two cultures. It's fascinating to discover the unique aspects of different naming traditions and appreciate the diversity in our world.I hope you enjoyed learning about the differences between Chinese names and English names. Remember, names are not just words, they carry stories and meanings. Let's celebrate the beauty of names from different cultures!。

中英姓名差异比较 限选期末论文

中英姓名差异比较 限选期末论文

浅谈英汉语姓名来源的异同2007级材料化学摘要：姓名是人们的生活中非常重要的一部分，不仅是一种语言现象，同时也是具有丰富内涵的文化现象。

本文就英汉语的姓氏来源、姓名的结构组成、文化内涵进行探讨，以期增进跨文化交际中的认识，促进沟通和交流。

关键词：姓氏结构组成文化内涵Abstract：As an important role in our life，name not only is a linguistic phenomenon but also reflects a culture with rich meaning.This paper attempts to probe into origin of surname, structure, and cultural connotation so as to help enhance cross - cultural awareness and improve communication and mutual understanding.Key words：first name composition cultural connotation一、姓氏的发展与来源在中华大地上，姓名的演化经历了一段时期。

从上古至先秦，姓和氏是两个不同的概念。

姓是一个部族群体的符号，从母。

随着部族的发展，一个部族又分为若干分支，每个分支都有一个自己特殊的称号，这就出现了氏。

到了周代，贵族有姓氏，而一般平民则只有名。

在春秋战国时期，由于分封制的推行,氏得到了空前的发展。

到了战国之后，人们一般称氏，而不称姓。

到汉代时，人人称姓。

之后，姓氏合一，平民也开始有了自己的姓。

至此中国汉族的姓氏才逐渐固定下来[1]。

中华文明博大精深，有关姓氏的著作有《百家姓》，其中姓氏的来源主要有以下几种方式：1、以祖先名字中的字为姓氏“井”姓的来源，春秋时，虞国有大夫井伯，井伯之后以其字“井”为姓氏；孔：出于子姓。

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小妇人中的性别语言差异分析
从禁忌语角度看中西方文化之间的差异
紫颜色中莎格?艾弗里的多重角色
初中学生英语课堂焦虑调查—XX中学初三年级为例五四时期翻译对汉语语言的影响
背诵课文在高中英语教学中的作用
英语新闻标题的修辞手法及修辞特点研究
沙漠之花的女性主义研究
金色笔记中颜色的象征意义
家族相似性对介词教学的研究
But的用法与翻译
从功能翻译理论角度看英语广告口号的汉译
从语言经济原则视角看报刊标题中的歧义现象
湖南方言在英语学习中的负迁移
红字中玫瑰的象征主义_英语论文
论白鲸中的象征要素
中国菜名的命名及英译
浅谈国际商务谈判礼仪
了不起的盖茨比中的象征手法
英语广告中双关语的应用及其翻译
分析哈克贝利•费恩历险记
论英语写作中中式英语的成因及解决策略
央视公益广告互动意义的多模态话语分析
浅析白鲸中的象征主义
拜伦式英雄与海明威式英雄之比较
基本颜色词中西文化对比
中美社交礼仪比较分析
英汉数字文化差异
分布式认知理论下的英语移动学习研究归化与异化翻译
中文旅游文本的翻译
互文性视角下的新闻语篇分析
广告的翻译原则和方法
詹姆斯乔伊斯都柏林人女性角色分析探讨汉英动物习语的翻译
英汉谚语互译中的直译与意译
浅谈英语谚语的翻译。

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