最新闵行区2018年高三政治一模试卷
【高三政治试题精选】2018届高三政治一模试题(附答案)
2018届高三政治一模试题（附答案）
5 1．“我想买块地，自己种菜种粮食”。
在食品安全事频发的当下，一些网友发出这样的呼声。
人们自种自食的农产品
①不是商品，因为它没有用于交换②是商品，因为它耗费了人类的劳动
③不是商品，因为它只有使用价值④是商品，因为它能满足人们的需要
A．①② B．③④ c．①③ D．②④
2．用陪驾交换电脑维修，用杨式太极拳招式交换摄影技术……越越多的人加入到“技术交换”中，成为“换客一族”。
“技术互换”是一种绿色的学习方法，如今已成为学生和白领中流行的一种交换形式。
从市场角度看，下列关于“技术交换”的说法正确的是
①交换中的“技术”是使用价值和价值的统一体
②“技术交换”的过程也就是商品流通的过程
③从结果上看，“技术交换”属于租赁消费
④“技术交换”也应该遵循等价交换的原则
A．①② B．②③ c．①④ D．③④
3．在“商品—货币—商品”的流通过程中，“商品一货币”阶段的变化“是商品的惊险的跳跃。
”这个跳跃如果不成功，摔坏的不是商品，而是商品所有者。
对此认识不正确的是
A．商品生产者需要生产适销对路、质量上乘的商品
B．跳跃不成功说明生产者的劳动未得到社会认可
c．商品的价值在商品交换中才能得以实现
D．货币作为等价物在物物交换中起决定作用
4．物价牵动民生，引发关注。
一条“呼吁无座火车应半价”的微博，一天被转发14万次，“火车站票收费是否合理”成为火车运输最受关注的话题。
网友普遍认为，持站票没有享受与座票同等的服。
高三政治-2018年高考政治模拟试卷1(上海卷) 最新
2018年高考政治模拟试卷一（上海卷）说明：本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
一、填空题（共8分，每空格1分）1．今年五四青年节之际，国务院总理在视察清华大学、中国农业大学时称多难兴邦，提倡坚持和发扬______的爱国主义精神。
2．今年恰逢第一次世界大战结束______周年，在2018年11月11日这一天，世界多个国家举行了纪念仪式。
3．2018年8月4日，侵华日军遗弃的化学毒剂______导致多人中毒。
4．2018年10月13日，在美国举行的第四届女足世界杯中，______队获得冠军。
5．福布斯杂志评出世界十大富豪，______连续六年蝉联世界首富。
6．第六届“中国北京国际______博览会”于2018年9月12日到15日在京举行。
7．在中国共产党建党82周年之际，胡锦涛出席“______”重要思想理论研讨会，并发表重要讲话。
8．2018年10月，世界各地纷纷举行庆祝活动，纪念世界航空史______周年。
二、单项选择题（共20分，每小题2分）请从以下各题的备选项中选出一个正确的答案，将其标号填入题后的括号内。
9．江泽民总书记在党的十六大报告中指出，全面建设小康社会，最根本的是（）A．坚持以经济建设为中心，不断解放和发展社会生产力B．全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想C．走工业化道路，大力实施科教兴国战略和可持续发展战略D．坚持“引进来”和“走出去”相结合，全面提高对外开放水平10．由于环境的污染、恶化，使社会的发展和人类的生存受到制约，环境与发展问题引起世界各国的关注。
由于我国的经济发展正处于工业化的高潮起步时期，当代人面临的尖锐矛盾在我国均有所体现。
党和政府高度重视此问题，提出了可持续发展战略。
可持续发展的实质指的是协调好经济发展与______的关系的问题。
（）①节约资源②资金积累③保护环境④控制人口⑤民主、法制⑥综合国力A．①②③④B．②③④⑤C．①③④⑥D．①③④11．近几年，随着国有企业改革的力度加大，大量职工下岗，许多企业职工的生活没有保障，养老金得不到落实，严重影响社会稳定。
最新-上海市闵行区2018学年第一学期高三质量监控考试物理试题 精品
上海市闵行区2018-2018学年度第一学期教学调研物理试题考生注意：1．答卷前，考生务必将姓名、学号等填写清楚. 2．本试卷共12页，满分150分. 考试时间120分钟.3．第19、20、21、22、23题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤. 只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分. 有关物理量的数值计算问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.g 取10m/s 2。
一、（20分）填空题. 本大题共5小题，每小题4分. 答案写在题中横线上的空白处或指定位置，不要求写出演算过程.本大题中第l 、2、3小题为分叉题。
分A 、B 两类，考生可任选一类答题．若两类试题均做。
一律按A 类题计分．A 类题(适合于使用一期课改教材的考生)1A 、如图所示，长度都为L ＝0.8 m 的两根细绳，一端系着同一个小球A ，另一端分别系于两边墙上相同高度的两 点，两绳间的夹角为α＝120︒，现给小球A 一垂直于纸 面向外的初速度v 0，使小球垂直于纸面开始做小角度的摆动，若v 0很小，则小球A 第一次回到平衡位置所需时间为___________s ；该求解过程 中用的科学方法是___________。
2A 、一带正电的粒子和一中性粒子同时以相同的初速度进入水平的匀强电场中，已知粒子运动方向与电场线平行但方向相反，带电粒子运动了20cm 不再前进将开始返回， 则这时中性粒子已经运动了 cm 距离（粒子只受电场力） 3A 、如图所示，一根长为4m 的均匀直棒AO ，O 端用光滑的铰链固定于地面上，上端有一水平拉力F ，为了使棒 能垂直地立在地面上，用一根长4m 的绳子拉住棒，绳 的一端固定在地面上，要使绳子的拉力最小，则绳的另 一端系在杆上的位置距地面的高度是 m 。
B 类题(适合于使用二期课改教材的考生)1B 、每时每刻都有大量带电的宇宙射线向地球射来，幸好地球磁场可以有效地改变这些宇宙射线中大多数射线粒子的运动方向， 使它们不能到达地面，这对地球上的生命有十分重要的意义。
2018年上海市普通高等学校招生全国统一模拟考试政治试题及答案
上海市普通高等学校招生全国统一模拟考试政治试题考生注意:1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求。
所有答题必须涂（选择题)或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
一、单项选择题（共90分，每题3分。
每题只能选一个选项）1．12月16日，最高人民检察院召开高检院党组会议，会议强调要始终把检察工作置于党和国家工作大局来谋划和推进，立足检察职能，维护社会和谐稳定。
我国人民检察院的专门职能是A. 管理户口、居民身份证等事宜 B．解决民事、经济和行政纠纷C．从事法律监督，保证国家法律统一实施 D.监督国家权力机关及其工作人员2．全国假日办于10月和11月先后两次就节假日安排面向社会征求意见。
假日办向社会公开征求意见这一举措体现了政府A．决策的形式化 B．决策的民主化C．决策的传统化 D．决策的智能化3.发展社会主义民主政治，建设社会主义政治文明，是全面建成小康社会的重要目标。
以下关于社会主义民主政治的叙述，正确的有①没有民主就没有社会主义现代化②社会主义法制是社会主义民主的基础③社会主义民主的本质是保持公有制经济的主体地位④必须在党的领导下进行社会主义民主建设A．①② B．②③ C．②④ D．①④4．公民通过选出的人大代表，参与国家各项事务的决策，履行参与决策的重要任务。
这种参与属于A．直接参加选举 B．间接参与民主决策C．直接参与民主决策 D．间接参与民主监督5．在互联网时代，人人都是“麦克风”，由“微博”发起监督，由主流媒体扩展报道，由纪检部门跟进履职的监督，使“表哥”、“房叔”们纷纷落马。
这说明A.科学技术的进步是公民政治权利和自由的根本保障B.人民知情权、表达权、监督权的充分行使是权利正确运行的重要保证C. 网络反腐已经成为反腐的根本渠道D. 发挥网络的作用是让权力在阳光下运行的决定性因素6．我国改革开放三十多年来，党和政府领导、支持各少数民族地区发展取得了辉煌成就，提高了各少数民族地区人民的生活水平，巩固了民族团结。
上海2018年高三一模11选10汇总
The human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial (1) _________ helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. So is the face's ability to send emotional (2) _________, whether through a(n) (3) _________ blush or a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. In America facial ecognition is used by churches to (4) _________ worshippers' attendance: in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n) (5) _________ outside a football game. In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers, (6) _________ tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple's new iPhone is expected to use it to (7) _________ the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem gradual. Some breakthroughs. such as flight or the Internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to encode them. Although faces are (8) _________ to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, (9)_________ and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast (10)_________ promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.The Black Swan, a rural pub in England has been named "the world's best restaurant" by TripAdvisor. After scoring up positive feedback, the review website (1) _________ the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its (2) _________ Travelers' Choice awardsSo what's it got going for it?Firstly, this is isn't some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance. Tommy Banks, a(n) (3) _________ young cook, is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in 2013 at the age of 24. Secondly, it’s not really a pub any more. Like many rural UK pubs, the Black Swan had been in (4) _________ for many years before 2006, when Banks' family took over. After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled, they decided to make it a dining (5) _________.It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable (6) _________, offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly (7) _________ location. It's usually booked up well in advance with (8) _________ coming from near and far. During CNN's visit, neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids. Another (9) _________ two of the Banks brothers' old school teachers, on a trip up from York---(10) _________ the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor gloryExperts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988. the State Council released (1) _________ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent (2) _________ activities such as money laundering(洗钱). Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden. Denmark and Singapore are also (3) _________ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development does not mean there are no challenges and (4) _________.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can't purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply (5) _________ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation's two major third-party mobile payment tools, also (6) _________campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a "cashless society" which caused (7) _________ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong (8) _________that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. "As the economy grows, the (9) _________ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.Also, it's important to remember that nearly half of China's population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy (10) _________ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. "And when it comes to China's senior citizens, most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our (1) _________, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid (2) _________ problems in the futureMaking ethical (伦理的) decisions is a(n) (3) _________ part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we’re taking, we can't make responsible choices. To (4) _________ risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as (5) _________. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a (6) _________.Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it. ""I’m not hurting anyone, or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very complex: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though l'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not (7) _________ because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and (8) _________ excuses. If we fool ourselves into (9) _________ we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we’re making---and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or (10) _________of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourselfScientists have developed a new surgical glue that could transform emergency treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures (钉合或缝合).It's called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical (1) _________. The glue is made from a modified (改良的) human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel- like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue, it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural (2) _________ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it's applied to. Wounds (3) __________ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgery is required then MeTro can simplify that (4) _________ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The (5) _________applications are powerful--- from treating serious (6) _________ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural (7) _________ to heal a wound. What's more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are (8) _________ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly (9) _________. If the MeTro can be further developed into a (10) _________product, it could become an essential part of a first responder's toolkit.The din (喧嚣) of a loud restaurant or party can make conversation difficult for anyone---but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing (1) _________ with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem---the slower (2) _________ speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible (可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians. And a new study of auditory training with a (3) _________ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills. The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science's "Brain Fitness" were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their (4) _________ after the same amount of time. The authors received no funding from the makers of the program: the study was (5) _________ by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63. The auditory training came in the form of (6) _________ hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and (7) _________ between similar sounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories.Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings. All of the participants showed improvement in these three (8) _________, but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was (9) _________ by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain’s ability to (10) _________to the sound---bringing it to more “youthful” levels.7. 长宁/嘉定高三一模卷（2018）What is leadership? Its qualities are difficult to define, but they are not so difficult to identify. Leaders don’t force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get trust from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that (1) _________ creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.Good leaders don’t work alone. They recognize that an organization’s strategies for success require the (2) _________ talents and efforts of members. Leadership is the catalyst (催化剂) for transforming those talents into (3) _________.Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually looking into the future not stuck in the past. They have a(an) (4) _________ to take responsibility and to innovate. They are not (5) _________ with merely taking care of what has already been there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as devotion, and speak from experience as well as (6) _________ of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are (7) _________ rather than absolute. They believe in unity rather than yielding. And they strive to achieve agreements out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people (8) _________ to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they’re (9) _________ to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to have in order to receive. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do and for their abilities, desires and needs, will find that respect is (10) _________. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.A large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure《国家宝藏》made its first show on CCTV on Sunday night. In the first episode, the Palace Museum in Beijing showcased three treasures.As a (1) _________ variety show, the National Treasure aims to showcase the background stories of national treasures and (2) _________ various art forms. In the show, "national treasure keepers ” acted by famous and common people will present treasures, telling their stories with the collections and interpreting the historical (3) _________. The show aims to inspire the ancient Chinese civilization and make the national treasures "come alive”.This is not the first time for the Palace Museum in Beijing to be (4) _________ welcomed online in China, thanks to its efforts in cultural products and self-promotion in recent years.Last year, the museum (5) _________ so much attention because of the huge success of the three-episode TV documentary, Masters in the Forbidden City and a movie with the same name. Over the last few years, the museum has (6) _________ 495 signposts and 1400 new chairs have been provided. In addition, the Palace Museum opened a (an) (7) _________ online store on e-commerce platform Taobao, selling related products. It also started their self-promotion through new media, publishing articles to promote the culture of the museum. It (8) _________ swept the Internet by its humorous style and interesting content. At the same time, the Palace Museum has published several mobile apps, one of which saw over 200,000 downloads just two weeks after its (9) _________ in 2013. Its self-promotion has achieved great results. In 2012, the museum saw 15 million visitors. And it received 16 million visitors last year.The museum is also a popular (10) _________ among foreign leaders. For example, US President Donald Trump and his wife visited the Palace Museum on Nov 8.How to Stick to Good Habits by Using the "2-Minute Rule"Most of the tasks that you procrastinate on (that is to say, you postpone doing what you should be doing.) aren't actually difficult to do --- you have the talent and skills to (1) _________ them---you just avoid starting them for one reason or another. The 2-Minute Rule (2) _________ procrastination and laziness by making it so easy to start taking action that you can't say no. It might sound like this strategy is too basic for your (3) _________ life goals, but I beg to differ. It works for any goal because of one simple reason: the (4) _________ of real life.As Sir Isaac Newton taught us a long time ago, objects at rest tend to stay at rest and objects in motion tend to stay in motion. This is just as true for humans as it is for falling apples. Once you start doing something, it's easier to (5) _________doing it. I love the 2-Minute Rule because it takes up the idea that all sorts of good things happen once you get started.The most important part of any new habit is getting started- not just the first time, but each time. It's not about performance, it's about (6) _________ taking action. In many ways, getting started is more important than succeeding. This is (7) _________ true in the beginning because there will be plenty of time to improve your performance later on. The 2-Minute Rule isn't about the results you achieve, but rather about the (8) _________ of actually doing the work. I can't guarantee whether or not the 2-Minute Rule will work for you. But, I can guarantee that it will never work if you never try it.The problem with most articles you read, podcasts you listen to, or videos you watch is that you (9) _________ the information but never put it into practice. I want this article to be different. I want you to actually use this information, right now. What’s something you can do that will take you less than two minutes? Do it right now. Anyone can (10) _________ the next 120 seconds. Use this time to get one thing done. Go.Company Builds World' s First Automobile Vending Machine(自动贩卖机) Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world's first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville. Tennessee. It's quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their (1) _________ car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. "Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi- story structure that delivers our customers' cars by merely (2) _________ a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) (3) _________ point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling (4) _________ pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get (5) _________ tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the (6) _________ of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win (7) _________ that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead(间接费用), and save customers about $2.000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great (8) _________experience --- placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.Carvana's (9) _________ is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, (10) _________ just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.The discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look (1) _________ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a (2) _________ naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals (3) _________ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to behave like young cells.The discovery has the (4) _________ to lead to therapies which could help people age better, without experiencing some of the backward effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of constant illness, and as people get older they are more likely to suffer from heart disease and cancerProfessor Harries said: "This is a first step in trying to make people live (5) _________ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to (6) _________ function to old cells.”Dr. Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the (7) _________ and rapidity of the changes in the cells."When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish (8) _________ I couldn't believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic." she said. "I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells refreshed. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.As we age, our tissues gather aging cells which are alive but do not grow or (9) _________ as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become exposed to disease as we age. When stimulated, genes make a message that gives the (10) _________ for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.There's nothing more annoy ing than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is "I need to get rid of this insect immediately", but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) (1) _________creature.A team of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in (2) _________ with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world's most (3) _________insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects (4) _________in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, (5) _________wing-beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can (6) _________ the view of their wings, " Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a(n) (7) _________, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the royal Veterinary College, the study's leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects."We predicted they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings (8) _________ their direction at the end of each half-stroke, "he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito's special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvements to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be (9) _________ to new developments in more human-focused use. “The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their fight behavior, how they carry disease and (10) _________how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.How many times have parents had to argue with their young son or daughter about getting their face out of their phone and focusing on the world around them? It’s completely normal for parents of growing children to be concerned about their child's safety, but is their (1) _________ to social media really harming them?Social media was created to connect people with others online and has recently been added to smartphones, making it far more accessible than it (2) _________ was. This new way to easily be able to use social media has encouraged children and teens to begin to use sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram frequently. Maturing teens and children are usually very timid when it comes to (3) _________ with their families, which they sometimes view as “annoying”. So, what do these kids use as a solution or a(n) "(4) _________” ? The answer is simple: social media.However, when we use social media for a large amount of time, parents tend to show concern for their child and blame social media for (5) _________ their attention.The word, "social" was entered into the term, social media, for a reason. Parents of growing teens don't seem to understand that. When they see their child using Twitter or Instagram they think that they are using it to get away from real world (6) _________. The truth, however, is that they are using it to connect with their close friends, make new friends, and receive information about what is currently happening in the modern world.Children and teens are (7) ________accused for using social media only for entertainment purposes and for huge amounts of time. Sure everyone who uses social media enjoys< contacting their friends and viewing entertaining things, but how come children receive all of the (8) _________for abusing it? Parents should really think about how social media can help children and teens learn and grow in the real world rather than it just being another (9) _________.Social media as a whole has both positive and negative aspects, but after all of the (10) _________ from pre-teens, teens, and parents is put together, it shows that media is actually helping the newer generations in their lives.Puppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of Humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University's Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the (1) _________is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most (2) _________ used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites (3) _________ and affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr. Juliane Kaminski: "We can now be (4) _________ that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food (5) _________ did not have the same effect.”The findings appear to support evidence that dogs are (6) _________ to humans attention and that expressions are (7) _________active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays. "The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a meter away from a person, and the dogs' faces were (8) _________ throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted, with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they (9) _________ facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs' expressions have evolved as they were (10) _________. “Domestic dogs have a unique history --- they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs' ability to communicate with us,” she said.。
2018年高考政治真题--必修1 经济生活--真题解析(分到章节)
2018年高考政治真题精编精析精解（分到章节）必修1经济生活(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·T12)甲、乙、丙是三种相关商品,当甲的价格上升后,乙与丙的需求变动如图4所示。
这表明( )①甲与乙是互补品②甲与乙是替代品③甲与丙是替代品④甲与丙是互补品⑤乙与丙是替代品⑥乙与丙是互补品A.①③B.②④C.②⑤D.④⑥(2018·江苏单科·T10)最低工资制度旨在保护能正确反映这一变化的是( )(2018·北京文综·T31)如图13所示,航空公司正确的是( )A.机票折扣的目的在于乘客数量的最大化B.机票价格的市场调节具有一定的滞后性C.预订机票早的乘客的需求价格弹性较大D.航空公司预收机票款获得的投资收益高(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·T38)阅读材料,完成下列要和投资对经济增长贡献率如图所示。
从图可以推断出( )①经济结构在逐步转型升级②全社会资本形成总额逐年下降下降( )A.未改变国有经济的主导作用B.不利于国有经济的整体发展C.使非公有资产在社会总资产中占优势D.使非公有制经济对国民经济控制力上升(2018·天津文综·T14)阅读材料,回答问题。
材料一(1)解读材料一中的经济信息。
(4分)出( )A.民间资本投资逐年增长B.企业投资回报率逐年提高C.企业的营商环境不断优化D.新增就业人口与新增就业岗位缺口逐年加大(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·T38)阅读材料,完成下列要求。
(14分) 材料一图9 2013-2017年全国公共财产收入与税收收入资料来源:《国家经济和社会发展统计公报(2013-2017年)》材料二 为推进供给结构性改革,国家实施了全面推行营改增等内容的降税减负政策,截止2017年底累计减税超过2万亿元。
2018年3月,国务院政府工作报告明确提出,要进一步为企业降税减负,全年要再减税8000亿元。
高三政治-上海市奉贤区2018年高考模拟考试政治试题 最新
上海市奉贤区2018年高考模拟考试政治试题考生注意:1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔清楚填写姓名和准考证号，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号。
交卷时需交答题纸，试卷不用上交。
4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、单项选择题（30分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确选择。
）1．2018年2月9日，上海市奉贤区人民法院公开审理了一起道路交通事故财产损害赔偿纠纷案，最终法院判决被告人于本判决生效后十日内赔付原告经济损失44473元。
这体现了人民法院依法行使（）A．检察权B．侦查权C．行政权D．审判权2．温家宝总理于2018年2月9日在中南海召开党外人士座谈会，听取各民主党派中央、全国工商联领导人和无党派人士对2018年政府工作报告的意见。
这说明，我国的民主党派（）A．与共产党共同执政B．是参政党C．与共产党是监督与被监督的关系D．是爱国统一战线组织3．2018年，国务院进一步扩大了我国城镇居民基本医疗保险试点范围，并将于2018年在全国全面推开，逐步覆盖全体城镇非从业居民。
这表明政府在履行（）A．组织和领导社会主义经济建设的职能B．保障人民民主和维护国家长治久安的职能C．组织社会公共服务的职能D．组织和领导社会主义文化建设的职能4．2018年3月15日，十一届全国人大二次会议在北京召开,全国人大代表会聚北京共商国事。
下列选项属于人民代表权利的是（）A．听取和反映人民的意见和要求B．在人大各种会议上发言和表决不受法律追究C．模范地遵守宪法和法律D．接受选民或原选举单位的监督5．2018年3月28日，西藏自治区在拉萨举行庆祝大会，庆祝西藏百万农奴解放50周年。
根据我国的民族区域自治制度，西藏自治区的自治机关（）①是区、州、县三级人民代表大会和人民政府②拥有自主管理本民族自治地方内部事务的权力③可以不执行上级国家机关的部分决议、决定、命令和指示④可以根据自治的需要自行制定法律和宪法A．①②B．③④C．②③D．①④6．改革开放30年我国保险业保持30%以上的年平均增长速度，是国民经济中发展最快也是最具活力的朝阳行业之一。
2018年高考全国卷Ⅰ政治试题详细解析
2018年高考全国卷Ⅰ政治试题详细解析第Ⅰ卷一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
12. 根据马克思的劳动价值理论，如果生产某种产品的社会劳动生产率提高，在其他条件不变的情况下，与生产该商品相关的判断如表1所示。
其中正确的是A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④【答案】A【解析】本题考查马克思的劳动价值理论的知识。
商品的价值量不是由各个商品生产者耗费的个别劳动时间决定的，而是由社会必要劳动时间决定的。
因为社会必要劳动时间与社会劳动生产率成反比，在其他条件不变的情况下，如果生产某种产品的社会劳动生产率提高，生产该产品所需要的社会必要劳动时间缩短，单位商品的价值量会降低。
社会劳动生产率提高，意味着单位时间内，生产该商品的数量增加。
社会劳动生产率、社会必要劳动时间与商品价值总量无关，因此，商品价值总量不变。
故①正确，A入选。
13. 企业聚焦品牌管理和供应链管理，控制产品企划和营销网络，将“设计、生产、运输配送”环节外包，与供应商、加工商和物流企业建立联盟，通过联合开发产品、数据共享，加快市场反应速度。
该模式体现的企业经营理念是①整合上下游资源，实现优势互补②通过专业化分工，提高效率③通过兼并收购，扩大企业规模④增加市场份额，提高利润率A. ①②B. ①④C. ②③D. ③④【答案】A【解析】本题考查企业的经营与发展的知识。
根据题干信息，将“设计、生产、运输配送”环节外包，与供应商、加工商和物流企业建立联盟，体现了企业合理利用社会资源，进行专业化分工，优势互补，提高企业竞争力，①符合题意。
通过联合开发产品、数据共享，加快市场反应速度，说明该模式提高了企业的效率，②符合题意。
与供应商、加工商和物流企业建立联盟，并不属于企业的兼并收购，③不选。
材料不体现增加市场份额，提高利润率，④排除。
故选A。
14. 我国快递业竞争日趋激烈，快递服务平均单价连续6年下滑，2017年降至12．37元。
2018高三政治一模卷及答案（2）
2018高三政治一模卷及答案(2)28.地球上任何局部生态的变化，都有可能对其它地方产生重大的影响。
这启示我们建设生态文明要①尊重生态规律②树立全局观念③注重量的积累④善于抓住时机A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④29.过年过节放鞭炮，对老人来说是浓浓的节味儿，对中年人来说是儿时的记忆，对孩子们来说是新奇和刺激。
但大量的烟花爆竹燃放对本就糟糕的空气质量却是雪上加霜。
这要求我们对待烟花禁放问题应坚持A.矛盾的观点B.联系的观点C.发展的观点D.实践的观点30.中国大学生创业成功率不到10%，而美国则为30%。
在中国大学生创业成功率低的诸多原因中，资金缺乏是制约其创业成功的瓶颈。
为此，有人大代表提出了“建立国家创业基金，降低大学生创业风险”的议案。
这一行为A.抓住了矛盾的主要方面B.行使了人大的提案权C.抓住了事物的主要矛盾D.体现了政府的民主决策31.诗人顾城的《一代人》只有两句：“黑夜给了我黑色的眼睛, 我却用它来寻找光明。
”下列与诗中的哲理相近的是A.士别三日，即更刮目相待B.善不积不足以成名，恶不积不足以灭身C.天下之至柔，驰骋天下之至坚D.兴亡由人事，山川空地形32.右图显示的是，在当前流行的漫画书阅读中，学生往往无所适从。
从哲学上看，做出正确选择要A.在劳动和奉献中创造价值B.明确价值判断和选择的标准C.承认现实中价值冲突的存在D.理解和尊重他人的价值追求33.歼-15飞机研制现场总指挥罗阳，因突发急性心梗殉职。
他将自己的全部精力和智慧都奉献给了祖国的航空事业，用行动践行了航空报国的伟大宗旨。
这告诉我们①人生的价值在于得到社会的承认②正确的社会意识促进社会的发展③投身实践是实现人生价值的根本途径④要在个人与社会的统一中实现人生价值A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④2018高三政治一模卷简析题请运用所学知识对所提问题进行简明扼要的分析和说明。
34. 2013年一季度消费者信心调查表项目乐观一般不好对二季度经济形势判断 42.5% 26.3% 9.6%对二季度就业形势判断 39.4% 30.5% 16.5%对二季度家庭收入预期 39.8% 32.3% 19.1%对二季度物价水平判断上涨不变下降55.0% 14.0% 12.4%对二季度家庭储蓄判断增加持平减少31.0% 37.8% 21.0%结合上述材料和《经济生活》知识回答下列问题：(1)简要说明上述调查项目设置的合理性，并根据调查结果预判二季度居民消费的总体状况。
上海闵行2018二模政治试卷1
闵行区2017学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试政治试卷考生注意：1、考试时间60分钟，试卷满分100分。
2、本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3、答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、学校。
4、答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、单项选择题（共20小题，每小题3分,满分60分。
）1.以下能够体现国家政权履行公共服务职能的是A.2017年市政府已改造四十家农村薄弱养老机构，提升养老机构服务能级B.2018年中共中央特别关注提高农村民生保障水平，塑造美丽乡村新风貌C.2017年国务院部署扩大和升级信息消费，释放内需潜力培育发展新动力2.党的十八大以来，国家主席习近平着眼于实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，鲜明提出党在新形势下的强军目标。
要实现强军目标首先要A.坚持党的领导B.坚持科技强军C.坚持依法治军3.十三届全国人大一次会议审议并批准了国务院机构改革方案，这是在行使A.最高监督权B.最高立法权C.最高决定权4.第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议表决宪法修正案草案，采用无记名投票方式，以全体代表的三分之二以上赞成票通过。
这充分说明我国国家机构运行的原则是A.民主集中制原则B.少数服从多数原则C.实行平等原则5.依据《上海市烟花爆竹安全管理条例》，2018年春节期间，上海市继续强化烟花爆竹销售的源头管理，严格经营许可、严控市场投放总量、严格销售现场管理等。
上海市的做法体现了A.有法可依B.有法必依C.违法必究6.依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略，依法治国首先是A.完善法律制度B.依宪法治国C.维护法制权威7.国家处理台湾问题的基本方针是A.建立互信、搁置争议B.求同存异、共创双赢C.和平统一、一国两制8.公民有序的政治参与是人民当家作主的重要体现，公民进行政治参与的最重要、最直接、最广泛的政治权利是依法参与A.民主选举B.民主决策C.民主管理9.某知名面包糕点企业，使用价格更低的肉粉松为原料制作面包，却以肉松面包的名义对外宣传和销售。
高三政治-2018年高考政治模拟考试 最新
18年高考政治模拟考试政治试卷考生注意：1、考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2、本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3、答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、班级、学号、姓名。
4、试卷分为“分叉部分”和“共同部分”。
“分叉部分”分为A、B两组，两组试题分值相同；考生任选一组应答，但不能交叉答题，若考生交叉答题，则以所选组计分。
“共同部分”为所有考生必须应答的试题。
5、“分叉部分”和“共同部分”的题号不连续，答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
分叉部分A组（适合使用“二期”课改教材的考生）一、单项选择题（8分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确选项。
）1. 美国国务院发表的所谓《2018年度国别人权报告》，其涉华部分继续歪曲事实，无端攻击中国人权状况，对中国民族、宗教和司法制度等说三道四。
这种做法侵犯了我国的A. 平等权B. 自卫权C. 独立权D. 决策权2. 今年3月20日是昆明市首个“市长接待日”。
来访群众2000多人，当天接访近100人。
市民与政府领导面对面交流沟通有助于促进政府提高效率，转变作风。
这是公民A. 依法参与民主选举 B. 依法参与民主监督C. 直接参与民主决策D. 间接参与民主管理3. 2018年3月1日，上海市土地交易市场正式开业，预示着上海市土地交易机制将更加开放、透明和规范。
土地要素是社会生产过程中的A. 实体性要素B. 渗透性要素C. 联结性要素D. 唯一性要素4. 右图是2018～2018年我国城镇居民人均可支配收入及增长情况。
下列属于个人可支配收入的是①上缴的个人所得税②个人投资股票的钱③银行里的个人存款④缴纳的社会保障金A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④二、不定项选择题（12分，每小题3分，每小题有一个或一个以上的正确选项，全部选对才给分，错选、少选、多选不给分。
高三政治-2018届高三政治班模拟考试题参考答案 最新
18届高三政治班模拟考试题参考答案一、选择题I：在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的。
本大题共24小题，二、选择题II：在下列各题的四个选项中，至少有一项是符合题意的。
本大题共9小题，每三、简答题：本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。
34. (1)说明我国贯彻依法治国原则；全国人大常委会行使立法权；表明了我国开展国际合作惩治腐败的决心。
(4分)(2)联合国在协调国际关系、促进各国合作方面发挥重要作用；国际法在国家关系发展中有重要作用；对话与合作是国际关系的主流；我国积极开展国际合作，支持联合国根据宪章精神所进行的各项工作。
(答对三点即可得6分)35．①价值规律发挥调节作用。
市场经济具有竞争性。
市场调节具有自发性、盲目性的弱点和缺陷。
(5分)②人多地少是我国农业发展的最大制约因素，生产粘土砖耗费大量土地资源，影响农业的可持续发展。
煤矸石生产线的闲置，造成了技术设备等资源的浪费，影响了环境的改善。
(5分)四、辨析题：本大题共2小题，第36题11分，第37题10分，共21分。
仅作判断不说明理由不得分。
36．(1)政府谋大局要切实履行好各项职能，保证国家富强、社会稳定。
(2分)(2)我国的国家机构是人民意旨的执行者和利益捍卫者。
政府管“国计”，应主动为民着想，处处考虑群众的切身利益，即“民生”。
(3分)(3)群众重“民生”即关注切身利益，这是生存和发展之本，但也应该为国家着想。
因为国家利益代表了公民的整体利益和长远利益。
(3分)(4)当然，国家利益和公民的个人利益在某些具体问题上也会出现一些矛盾。
此时，个人利益必须服从国家利益，这是具备公民意识和爱国的表现。
(3分)(考生答题与答案不完全一致，只要不死背教材中的现成结论，言之有理，均可酌情给分。
)37、（1）辨证唯物主义认为，物质决定意识，意识对物质具有反作用。
世界上先有物质后有意识，意识是物质的反映。
不论意识的反作用有多大，它总是受着客观物质条件的制约，归根到底是由物质决定的。
2024届上海闵行区高三一模政治试题及答案
2023学年第一学期高三年级学业质量调研思想政治学科考生注意：1.考试时间60分钟，试卷满分100分。
2.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、学校，在正确的位置黏贴条形码。
3.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
4.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
5.选择题包括单项选择题（只有一个正确选项，每题3分）和多项选择题（至少有两个正确选项，不得全选，每题4分）。
一、“家站点”融入“生活圈”人大代表之家、代表联络站、代表联系点，简称“家站点”，是各级人大代表履职的平台载体，也是人大代表接地气、察民情、聚民智、惠民生的重要阵地。
上海5000多个“家站点”，不仅实现硬件设施规范化、制度机制系统化，更结合区域特点和资源禀赋，因地制宜地践行全过程人民民主。
（34分）1.（多选）党的二十大报告指出：支持和保证人大及其常委会依法行使立法权、监督权、决定权、任免权；加强人大代表工作能力建设，密切人大代表同人民群众的联系。
这说明党_____。
A.是最高国家权力机关B.领导人大工作C.坚持民主执政D.坚持依法执政2.（单选）“家站点”从无到有，从最初首批的10个，到如今5000多个，已实现在上海各区的全覆盖，这是一次_____的发展过程。
A.从量变到质变B.从部分到整体C.从个性到共性3.（多选）他，是一名人大代表。
在“家站点”接待选民时，他了解到某村群众有修缮道路的需求。
于是，他放弃休息时间，走访调研，与驻站的其他人大代表讨论，多次与市政协商，形成道路修缮建议。
经过三个月的施工，该村道路焕然一新。
作为一名人大代表，他做到了_____。
A.在个人与社会的统一中创造和实现价值B.把劳动奉献作为实现人生价值的根本途径C.通过依法行政保障全体公民合法权益D.把人民的根本利益作为最高价值标准4.（单选）调研显示上海市“家站点”已覆盖街镇、居村、社区，还向企业、园区、楼宇、商场、学校乃至代表单位延伸，增强辐射面，更好融入“生活圈”“工作圈”，真正做到察民情、聚民智，真正做到尊重人民群众的A.国家权力机关组成人员的地位B.国家权力直接行使者的地位C.社会历史发展的主体地位D.基层群众自治的主体地位5.高中生小郭同学非常关注“家站点”，她通过课后调研发现：市民对“家站点”的知晓度、认同度、参与度不高，影响了“家站点”实效。
奉贤区高三政治一模试卷及答案
2012学年第一学期期末奉贤区调研测试高三政治选修试卷（一模）20XX年1月命题人：张世杨、沈桂娥、钟龙飞考生注意：1、考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2、本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求。
所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
一、单项选择题（共90分，每题3分。
每题只能选一个选项。
）1．政治生活很广泛，政治生活领域的核心是( )A．经济建设 B．国家政权 C．以人为本 D．政治观点2．我国人民民主专政的最大特点是( )A.最大多数人对极少数人的统治B.工农联盟是其广泛的阶级基础C.工人阶级通过共产党领导政权D.根据刑法打击敌对分子的破坏3．国家权力通常由国家政权机关行使。
下列属于国家政权机关的是()A．居委会和村委会B．区人民政协C．奉贤区委D．基层人民法院4．人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度，这是因为人民代表大会制度( )①以突出人民的权力为核心②是我国人民当家作主的根本途径和方式③是我国政治制度的基础④保证了国家机关协调高效运转A．①②④ B．①②③④ C．①②③ D．②③④5．近年来，全国人民代表大会开会期间，全体会议公开举行，绝大多数人大代表团分组会议也对外开放，许多代表团还在讨论结束后留出时间接受中外媒体集体采访。
人大会议对公众开放的原因是( )①国家权力机关必须对人民负责②依法行政建设法治国家的需要③国家自信和政治民主发展的需要④公民直接参与公共决策的要求A．①② B．①③ C．①②④ D．②③④6．20XX年10月，全国人大常委会审议通过了《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》。
全国人大常委会在全国人大闭会期间依法行使（）A．最高立法权 B．决定权C．国家立法权 D．表决权7．通过行使法律监督权，保证国家法律统一实施的机关是( )A．人大及其常委会 B．人民法院C．监察部D．人民检察院8．中国特色的社会主义民主政治，是适合中国国情和社会进步要求的选择，其鲜明的中国特色表现为是( )①中国共产党领导的人民民主②由最广大人民当家作主的民主③以人民民主专政作为可靠保障的民主④以民主集中制为根本活动原则和活动方式的民主A．①②③④ B．②④ C．①③④ D．①②9．在广征民意的基础上，新的刑事诉讼法在证据制度、强制措施等方面增加了有关“尊重保障人权”的规定。
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闵行区2017学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试政治试卷考生注意：1、考试时间60分钟，试卷满分100分。
2、本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3、答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、学校。
4、答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、单项选择题（共20小题，每小题3分,满分60分。
）1.我国社会主义国家性质的首要标志是A.工人阶级领导B.工农联盟基础C.人民民主专政2.2017年11月8日，上海市人民政府办公厅印发《“十三五”上海市结核病防治规划》的通知，进一步推进本市结核病防治工作，减少结核病危害。
这是政府A.协调人民内部关系B.优化社会公共治理C.加强社会公共服务3.2017年3月5日，十二届全国人民代表大会五次会议听取了国务院总理李克强所作的政府工作报告。
这是全国人大在行使A.最高决定权B.最高监督权C.最高立法权4.下列属于我国司法机关的是A.闵行区公安局B.闵行区人民法院C.闵行区教育局法制科5.从根本上说，民主主要是指一个国家的政治制度，它包括A.民主制度、民主权利、民主作风等B.政治民主、经济民主、文化民主等C.国家性质、国家政体、政党制度等6.《上海市环境保护条例》实施一年多，申城大气、水等环境质量改善明显，法规效果初步显现。
这说明依法治国有利于A.促进经济健康发展B.提高公民环保能力C.保证国家长治久安7. 2017年12月6日，中共中央在中南海召开党外人士座谈会，就今年经济形势和明年经济工作听取各民主党派中央、全国工商联负责人和无党派人士代表的意见和建议。
这有利于A.发挥人民政协在协商民主中的重要作用B.中国共产党通过政治协商实现科学决策C.中国共产党加强自身建设以保持先进性8.中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会，是在全面建成小康社会决胜阶段、中国特色社会主义进入新时代的关键时期召开的一次十分重要的大会，事关党和国家事业继往开来，事关中国特色社会主义前途命运，事关最广大人民根本利益。
这充分体现了党对国家的A.政治领导B.组织领导C.思想领导9.党的十九大把坚持人与自然和谐共生作为基本方略，进一步明确了建设生态文明，建设美丽中国的总体要求。
这要求我们必须坚持A.劳动密集型发展方式B.资本密集型发展方式C.技术密集型发展方式10.银行一年定期存款的年利率为3.5%。
银行有自动转存业务，存款到期不取，会自动将利息和本金再转存一定年份。
张先生将20000元存入银行，2年后，他将获得的利息是A.700元B. 724.5元C. 1424.5元11.下列属于健全社会保障制度举措的是A.2017年1月1日起，北京市城乡低保标准从800元调整为900元B.2017年4月1日起，上海市最低工资标准从2190元调整到2300元C.2017年，广州某公司为员工办理社会保险，提供工作午餐补助等12.1916年，爱因斯坦广义相对论预言了引力波的存在，但直到2015年人类才首次探测到引力波。
2017年10月16日，多国科学家宣布人类第一次探测到双中子星并合引力波，并同时“看到”该宇宙事件发出的电磁信号。
从唯物论的角度看，这体现了A.实践是社会历史性活动B.物质可以被人们认识的C.运动是物质的根本属性13.将生物钟的研究成果广泛运用于经济社会生活，对生命的研究、对生活的质量、对人类与自然的和谐等，都将产生极其重要的影响。
材料体现了A.事物之间都是普遍联系的B.原因和结果可以相互转化C.整体和部分是相互联系的14．综合分析国际国内形势和我国发展条件，从2020年到本世纪中叶可以分两个阶段来安排的“两步走”战略。
如右图这体现的哲学道理是A.发展就是事物性质变化B.量变必然引起质的飞跃C.质变是量变的必然结果15.金砖五国虽然国情不同，但处在相近发展阶段，具有相同发展目标，都已进入经济爬坡过坎的时期。
加强发展战略对接，将激发五国增长潜力和人民创造力，开辟出巨大发展空间。
这说明加强发展战略对接，有利于金砖五国A.抓住主要矛盾解决重点问题B.立足自身优势实现共同发展C.迁移他国经验加速本国发展16.十八大以来，我国改革全面发力、多点突破、纵深推进，共推出一千五百多项改革举措，主要领域改革主体框架基本确立。
这体现了我国A.推进物质生产实践，不断解放和发展生产力B.不断调整变革社会关系，大力推进社会建设C.开展社会科学实验，以提高改造世界的能力17-20题，每小题只能选一个答案，选出最佳答案得3 分，次佳答案得2 分，错选得0 分17．“天眼”之父南仁东为了选择建设我国射电望远镜的最佳地址，放弃了国外三百倍的工资，以瘦弱的身躯，跑遍了偏僻无人的山沟，奉献了人生的最后22年。
有人说：他用生命成就国家骄傲。
人们之所以这样评价他，主要是因为A.他用劳动和奉献促进我国天文事业发展B.他能够作出正确的价值判断和价值选择C.他的事迹引导人们选择正确的人生道路18.过去五年，面对复杂的国内国际环境，我们坚持稳中求进，迎难而上，开拓进取，取得了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的历史性成就。
这说明A.意识能推动客观事物发展B.物质对意识具有决定作用C.坚持实事求是的工作作风19.2016年，国家对部分商品消费税进行了调整，对普通化妆品免征消费税，对130万元以上豪华小汽车加征消费税。
此举目的是A.扩大税基，增加财政收入B.调节经济，引导合理消费C.维护公平，缩小收入差距20.中国人民的梦想同各国人民的梦想息息相通，实现中国梦离不开和平的国际环境和稳定的国际秩序。
必须统筹国内国际两个大局，始终不渝走和平发展道路、奉行互利共赢的开放战略，坚持正确义利观，树立共同、综合、合作、可持续的新安全观，谋求开放创新、包容互惠的发展前景，促进和而不同、兼收并蓄的文明交流，构筑尊崇自然、绿色发展的生态体系，始终做世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者。
对材料主旨概括最全面的是A.坚持推动构建人类命运共同体B.不断推进国家治理体系现代化C.积极维护世界和平稳定与安全二、材料分析题（共20分）21. 十余年来，中国快递业快速发展，快递量增长30倍，民营快递企业高速成长。
（1）运用市场运作机制的相关知识，分析产生上图所反映的经济现象的原因。
（10分）（2）近期，不少快递企业和电商平台纷纷试水绿色物流。
比如，某企业推出共享快递盒，得到众多友点赞。
但也有人说：“当前我国快递业务量巨大，要想普及共享快递盒，很难做到。
”运用前进性与曲折性辩证统一的原理，简要评析上述观点。
（10分）三、论述题（20分）22. 中国积极推进“一带一路”倡议，通过同区域伙伴共商、共建、共享，为亚太互联互通事业作贡献。
“一带一路”助推中车发展“一带一路”倡议提出来的4年间，中国中车主动对接各国各地发展需求，为沿线各国提供了各具特色的产品，积极担当起“多个角色”。
以其在马来西亚发展为例：第一个角色是文化的“传译者”。
中国中车为马来西亚提供的动车组上，既考虑了当地的风俗习惯，也考虑到宗教信仰等。
除了融合当地的文化要素之外，还针对具体情况、具体线路进行设计。
第二个角色是人才的“孵化器”。
在推进“一带一路”、和对方共建的过程当中，把中车马来西亚公司的员工交流到中国的学校、企业中进行学习，进而提高技能。
第三个角色是产业的“推进器”。
在产业布局上，追求繁荣共享。
中车马来西亚公司是东盟区第一家轨道交通装备制造企业，对拉动当地的产业链发展做出了积极贡献。
经过努力，中国中车在马来西亚这几年的订单源源不断，最近3年来共收到近100亿元人民币的订单。
结合材料，从生产要素或对外开放的角度论述：我国企业如何利用“一带一路”契机，更好地“走出去”。
要求：（1）运用相关知识概括中车在“走出去”过程中的两条经验，联系论题，形成总论点；（2）理论论证中论题、总论点、分论点内在逻辑一致，论述逻辑较准确，连贯、完整；（3）概括地引用“一带一路”助推中车发展的材料进行事实验证，以充分支持分论点；（4）准确使用思想政治术语；（5）建议论述篇幅限制在400字左右；政治参考答案一、选择题1 2 3 4 5678A CB B CAB A9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16C C A B A C B B题号 3 2 017 A B C18 C B A19 B C A20 A C B二、材料分析题（1）上图说明10年来快递单价呈下降趋势，不过趋势有所放缓。
（2分）价格机制、供求机制和竞争机制是市场运作的三大机制，三者之间相互作用，相互影响。
（2分）从材料中看到，10年来，快递业快速发展，快递数量快速增长，单位成本下降，导致快递单价不断下降；同时快递公司不断增加，竞争加剧，促进快递公司不断的改进技术，改善管理，降低成本，导致快递单价不断下降。
（6分）（2）事物的发展，是在前进中有曲折，在曲折中向前进。
前进性和曲折性的统一，是一切新事物发展的基本途径。
（2分）事物发展的实质是新事物战胜旧事物。
共享快递盒是一个新事物，本身不可避免地存在这样或那样的缺陷，被人们接受需要有一个过程，其普及不会一帆风顺。
共享快递盒符合可持续发展的理念，符合事物发展规律，具有强大的生命力，其前途是光明的。
（6分）题中观点只看到共享快递盒普及的曲折性，没看到事物发展的前途是光明的，是片面的。
我们要有走曲折道路的思想准备，善于在曲折中前进。
（2分）三、论述题我国企业充分利用“一带一路”带来的契机，改善经营管理，坚持互利共赢，实现更好的走出去。
企业要更好的走出去，需要改善经营管理。
走出去过程中，企业将面对多样的文化、宗教，更为广阔的市场等等，只有不断的改善经营管理，提高管理水平，才能有效的整合资源，才能解决“水土不服”的问题，更好的走出去。
中车集团利用“一带一路”带来的契机，主动对接沿线各国，融合当地的文化要素进行产品设计，体现了其先进的管理理念。
企业要更好的走出去，需要与当地共同发展，互利共赢。
在走出去的过程中，企业不但要利用当地的资源获得更好的发展，也要通过自己的努力促进当地经济发展，改善民生，承担社会责任，成为当地居民的好邻居，才能落地生根，开花结果。
中车集团在当地建设过程中，拉动当地的产业链发展，增加了当地居民的就业，实现了繁荣共享。