初中英语八大时态总结
初中英语八大时态总结
初中英语八大时态总结英语时态是英语的一个重要部分，时态使用正确与否，直接影响着句子的准确表达。
初中阶段的学生应该掌握八大基本时态，包括：1. 一般现在时（Simple Present）：表示经常性的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
结构：主语 + 动词原形 / 动词第三人称单数形式（s或es）例如：I go to school every day.（我每天上学。
）He likes playing football.（他喜欢踢足球。
）2. 一般过去时（Simple Past）：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
结构：主语+动词过去式例如：She walked to the park yesterday.（昨天她走到公园。
）3. 一般将来时（Simple Future）：表示将来会发生的动作或存在的状态。
结构：主语 + will / shall + 动词原形例如：We will go camping next weekend.（我们下周末去野营。
）4. 现在进行时（Present Continuous）：表示正在进行的动作。
结构：主语 + am / is / are + 现在分词（动词-ing形式）例如：They are watching TV now.（他们现在正在看电视。
）5. 过去进行时（Past Continuous）：表示过去其中一时间正在进行的动作。
结构：主语 + was / were + 现在分词6. 将来进行时（Future Continuous）：表示将来其中一时间将要进行的动作。
结构：主语 + will be + 现在分词7. 现在完成时（Present Perfect）：表示过去的其中一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
结构：主语 + have / has + 过去分词例如：We have lived here for ten years.（我们在这里已经住了十年。
）8. 过去完成时（Past Perfect）：表示过去其中一时间点之前发生的动作。
初中英语语法八大时态总结
初中英语语法八大时态总结初中英语时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，同学们在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，为了让大家能更深刻地记住英语语法中的各种时态，下面是小编为您收集整理的初中英语语法八大时态总结，供大家参考!初中英语语法八大时态总结一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：always，usually，often，sometimes，everyweek(day，year，month)，onceaweek，onSundays，etc.基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago，yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday，lastweek(year，night，month)，in1989，justnow，attheageof5，oneday，longlongago，onceuponatime，etc.基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now，atthistime，thesedays，etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
初中英语时态8种基本时态讲解
初中英语时态8种基本时态讲解初中英语中，常见的有8种基本时态，分别是：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时和过去将来时。
以下是这8种基本时态的详细讲解：1. 一般现在时：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
结构为“动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式”。
例如：“I have a cat.”2. 现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作。
结构为“be动词+动词的现在分词”。
例如：“She is reading a book.”3. 现在完成时：表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或完成的动作。
结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”。
例如：“I have finished my homework.”4. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
动词形式为“动词的过去式”。
例如：“She was at the park yesterday.”5. 过去进行时：表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”。
例如：“They were having dinner at 6 o’clock.”6. 过去完成时：表示过去的过去，即某个过去的动作之前已经完成的动作。
结构为“had+动词的过去分词”。
例如：“By the end of last year, they had built 500 houses.”7. 一般将来时：表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
结构为“will+动词原形”或“am/is/are going to+动词原形”。
例如：“We will visit the museum next week.”8. 过去将来时：表示从过去的某一时刻看，将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
结构为“would+动词原形”或“was/were going to+动词原形”。
例如：“He said he would come back soon.”以上就是初中英语8种基本时态的讲解，希望对你有帮助！。
(完整版)初中英语八大时态总结
初中英语八大时态总结一、一般现在时具体情况（主要用于下面几情况)1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always ， everyday , often ， once a week （month ，year , etc。
）， sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。
例如：They raise ducks as a sideline 。
他们以养鸭为副业.It seldom rains here 。
这儿很少下雨.2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。
这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态”,其重点”不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态”。
例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。
That is a beautiful city 。
那是座美丽的城市。
3）陈述客观事实、客观真理。
顾名思义，客观的情况是"没有时间概念"的；也"不会在意动作进行的状态”。
例如：The sun rises in the east .日出东方。
4）根据英文语法规定,当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作.例如：I’ll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。
*【用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外,常见的还有：now， today , nowadays 等等】二、一般过去时具体情况（主要用于下面几情况）1.主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。
它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。
例：I was very thin in my childhood。
初中英语八大时态归纳总结
初中英语八大时态归纳总结
以下是初中英语八大时态的归纳总结：
1. 一般现在时：表示现在经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
动词一般用原形或第三人称单数形式。
2. 现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
动词用“be + -ing”
形式。
3. 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
动词用“have/has + -ed”形式。
4. 现在完成进行时：表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去。
动词用“have/has + been + -ing”形式。
5. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
动词用过去式形式。
6. 过去进行时：表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
动词用“was/were + -ing”形式。
7. 过去完成时：表示过去的过去，即某个过去的动作之前已经完成的动作。
动词用“had + -ed”形式。
8. 过去完成进行时：表示过去的过去，即某个过去的动作之前一直持续到那个时刻的动作。
动词用“had been + -ing”形式。
以上是初中英语的八大时态，理解和掌握这些时态对于英语学习和交流非常重要。
初中英语8个时态归纳总结
初中英语8个时态归纳总结英语中的时态是指表示动作或状态发生的时间的一种形式。
在初中阶段，学生需要掌握8个基本的时态，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。
以下是对这8个时态的归纳总结：一、一般现在时（Simple Present Tense）1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态：- I play basketball every Saturday.- She always brushes her teeth before going to bed.- They live in New York.2. 表示客观事实、真理或科学性常识：- Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.- The sun rises in the east.- Cats are mammals.二、一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态：- I finished my homework yesterday.- They visited their grandparents last summer.- She didn't go to the party.2. 表示过去的经历或习惯：- When I was young, I often went swimming. - He always ate breakfast at 8 o'clock.三、一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）1. 表示将来要发生的动作或事件：- I will go shopping tomorrow.- They are going to have a picnic next week. - She won't be late for the meeting.2. 表示将来的打算或意愿：- I am going to be a doctor when I grow up.- We will help you with your project.四、现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense）1. 表示现在正在进行的动作：- We are studying English at the moment.- He is playing soccer with his friends.- They aren't watching TV right now.2. 表示现阶段的趋势或变化：- The population is increasing rapidly.- More and more people are using smartphones.五、过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）1. 表示过去某一时间段内正在进行的动作：- I was reading a book when the phone rang.- They were cooking dinner at 7 o'clock.2. 表示过去的同时发生的两个动作：- She was listening to music while doing her homework.六、将来进行时（Future Continuous Tense）1. 表示将来某一时间段内正在进行的动作：- Tomorrow, they will be flying to Paris.- I will be waiting for you at the station.2. 表示将来的预测或计划：- This time next month, I will be studying for my exams.七、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）1. 表示过去某一时间发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果： - I have finished my homework, so I can watch TV now.- She has already eaten lunch.2. 表示过去某一时间内多次发生的动作：- We have visited that museum several times.八、过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）1. 表示过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作：- By the time they arrived, we had already left.- I had finished my work before the deadline.2. 表示过去的顺序或先后关系：- She realized that she had forgotten her keys after she locked the door.以上是初中英语的8个时态的归纳总结。
初中八大时态英语总结
初中八大时态英语总结英语学习中，时态是非常重要的一个环节。
在初中阶段，我们需要掌握八大时态，它们分别是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。
本文将对这八大时态进行详细总结，帮助大家更好地理解和运用。
一、一般现在时一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成是：动词原形（或三单形式）。
例句：I go to school every day.（我每天去上学。
）二、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成是：动词过去式。
例句：He visited his grandparents last weekend.（他上周末拜访了他的祖父母。
）三、一般将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成是：will + 动词原形。
例句：We will have a sports meeting next week.（我们下周将举行运动会。
）四、现在进行时现在进行时表示正在进行的动作。
构成是：am/is/are + 动词现在分词。
例句：She is watching TV now.（她现在正在看电视。
）五、过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
构成是：was/were + 动词现在分词。
例句：They were playing football at 4 p.m.yesterday.（昨天下午4点他们正在踢足球。
）六、将来进行时将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
构成是：will be + 动词现在分词。
例句：We will be having a meeting at that time tomorrow.（明天那个时候我们将在开会。
）七、现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
构成是：have/has + 动词过去分词。
例句：I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的家庭作业。
初中英语八大时态总结归纳
（一）一般现在时1. 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2. 基本结构：①is/am/are；②do/does否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
3. 一般疑问句：①把is/am/are动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
4. 用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
例如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。
例如：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例如：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
例如：I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
5) 一般现在时表示将来含义a. 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
初中英语八大时态总结
初中英语八大时态总结英语中有很多时态，而初中阶段主要学习的有八大时态，它们分别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。
下面就让我们来逐一总结这八大时态的用法和特点。
1. 一般现在时。
一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或者客观真理。
例如，I play basketball every day.（我每天打篮球。
）Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.（水在100摄氏度时沸腾。
）。
2. 一般过去时。
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。
例如，I visited Beijing last summer.（我去年夏天参观了北京。
）She studied hard for the exam.（她为考试努力学习。
）。
3. 一般将来时。
一般将来时表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或状态。
例如，I will go to the park tomorrow.（我明天会去公园。
）They are going to watch a movie this weekend.（他们周末会去看电影。
）。
4. 现在进行时。
现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
例如，She is reading a book now.（她现在正在看书。
）They are playing football in the playground.（他们正在操场上踢足球。
）。
5. 过去进行时。
过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
例如，I was studying when she called me.（她给我打电话的时候，我正在学习。
）They were playing games at that time.（他们那时在玩游戏。
）。
6. 将来进行时。
将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
例如，I will be having dinner at 7 o'clock tonight.（我今晚7点会在吃晚饭。
初中英语语法八大时态总结
初中英语语法八大时态总结学校英语语法八大时态总结学校英语时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，同学们在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感麻烦，为了让大家能更深刻地记住英语语法中的各种时态，下面是我为您收集整理的学校英语语法八大时态总结，供大家参考!学校英语语法八大时态总结一、一般现在时：概念：常常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：always，usually，often，sometimes，everyweek(day，year，month)，onceaweek，onSundays，etc.基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、常常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago，yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday，lastweek(year，night，month)，in1989，justnow，attheageof5，oneday，longlongago，onceuponatime，etc.基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now，atthistime，thesedays，etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
(中考英语资料)初中英语语法八大时态总结(完整版)含答案
初中英语语法八大时态一．一般现在时1. 结构肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not例句：He often goes swimming in summer.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.2.用法1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。
常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。
例如: He often goes swimming in summer.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。
例如：All my family love football .My sister is always ready to help others .Ann writes good English but does not speak well.3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。
例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。
初中英语语法八大时态总结
初中英语语法八大时态总结初中英语时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，同学们在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，为了让大家能更深刻地记住英语语法中的各种时态，下面是小编为您收集整理的初中英语语法八大时态总结，供大家参考!初中英语语法八大时态总结一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：always，usually，often，sometimes，everyweek(day，year，month…)，onceaweek，onSundays，etc.基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago，yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday，lastweek(year，night，month…)，in1989，justnow，attheageof5，oneday，longlongago，onceuponatime，etc.基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now，atthistime，thesedays，etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
初中英语语法八大时态总结
初中英语语法八大时态总结一、一般现在时态（Simple Present）1.表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或状态：- Lucy goes to school by bus every day.- They often play basketball in the park.2.表示客观事实或普遍真理：- The sun rises in the east.- Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.3.表示评论、观点等：- I think it's a good idea.- He doesn't like swimming.二、一般过去时态（Simple Past）1.表示过去一些时间发生的动作或状态：- They visited their grandparents last weekend.- I lived in London for two years.2.表示过去的经常性动作或状态：- We often played soccer after school.- She worked in a restaurant when she was a student.3.表示与现在相反的情况或假设：- If I had money, I would buy a new car.- I wish I could go to the concert with you.三、一般将来时态（Simple Future）1.表示将来要发生的事情：- I will meet him at the airport tomorrow.- They are going to have a party next week.2.表示意愿、打算或承诺：- I promise I will help you.- She is going to study abroad next year.四、现在进行时态（Present Continuous）1.表示现在正在进行或暂时的动作：- They are playing football in the park.- He is studying for the exam.2.表示现阶段的变化或趋势：- The population of the city is increasing rapidly.- More and more people are using smartphones.五、过去进行时态（Past Continuous）1.表示过去一些时间正在进行中的动作：- I was watching TV when she called me.- They were having dinner when the power went out.2.表示过去一些时间同时发生的两个动作：- While he was reading, his sister was playing the piano.- When I arrived, they were still waiting for you.六、将来进行时态（Future Continuous）1.表示将来一些时间正在进行的动作：- He will be sleeping when you arrive.2.表示将来一些时间同时发生的两个动作：- While you are washing the dishes, I will be cleaning the bathroom.- When I call you, she will be cooking dinner.七、现在完成时态（Present Perfect）1.表示过去发生但对现在有影响的动作或状态：- I have lost my key, so I can't open the door.- She has finished her homework, so she can watch TV now.2.表示经历或遭遇过的事情：- Have you ever been to Paris?- He has never seen such a beautiful sunset.八、过去完成时态（Past Perfect）1.表示在过去一些时间之前已经发生的动作或状态：- When I arrived, they had already left.2.表示过去一些时间之前一直存在或保持的状态：- He had lived in that house for 10 years before he moved out.- She had been planning the party for weeks.。
初中英语八大时态总结
3. 一般将来时
will 加原型。
4. 一般过去将来时 would 加原型。
5. 现在进行时 6. 过去进行时 7. 现在完成时 8. 过去完成时精选课件
am/ is/ are +ing。 was/ were +ing。 have/ has + ed。 had + ed。
10
一般现在时 一般现在时，在没有be动词和助动词have,has,
一般现在时
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19
我昨天踢足球了。
一般过去时
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两星期前我说 过我将踢足球。
一般过去将来时
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21
我现在正 在踢足球。
现在进行时
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22
昨天的这个时候 我正在踢足球。
过去进行时
精选课件23Fra bibliotek我已经踢完足球了。
现在完成时
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24
昨天，你见到我 的时候，我早就 踢完足球了。
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8
过去完成时
含义：有两个过去时，其中一 个过去时比另一个过去时还要 过去，即一个动作发生在“过 去的过去”。 例如：昨天下午 我走进教室的时候同学们早就 坐好了、昨天当我走进电影院 的时候电影早就开始了。·
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9
初中英语八大时态
1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时
三单s，es其它无变化。 词尾加ed。
否： I did’t work here.
问：Did you work here?
答：Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.
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12
一般将来时
肯： I wil work here.
初中英语必须掌握的8大时态
初中英语必须掌握的8大时态英语八大时态：一. 一般现在时标志：动词原形1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作，常与表频度的时间状语连用：She often speaks English.I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2. 表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等：He seems to feel a bit down today.He works as a driver.3. 表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中：Shanghai lies in the east of China.Columbus proved that the earth is round.Where there is a will, there is a way.4. 表示现在瞬间的动作：Here comes the bus!5. 表示将来1) 表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词），可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。
常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。
如：The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.How often does the shuttle bus run?2) 在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情：When Bill comes (不用will come), ask him to wait for me.I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too bus y.二. 一般过去时标志：动词过去式*闭音节：元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节，否则称为闭音节。
1. 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用（e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night/year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …,when …, in the past等）。
初中英语语法八大时态总结(完整版)
初中英语语法八大时态一．一般现在时1.结构肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not例句：He often goes swimming in summer.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.2.用法1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。
常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。
例如: He often goes swimming in summer.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。
例如：All my family love football .My sister is always ready to help others .Ann writes good English but does not speak well.3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。
例如：The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。
初中英语八种时态归纳
初中英语八种时态归纳
初中英语八种时态包括：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时和过去将来时。
1. 一般现在时：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作(有时间规律发生的时间状语)。
动词用原形。
2. 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;或过去习惯性的动作。
动词过去式发生变化。
3. 现在进行时：表示现在进行的动作或存在的状态。
现在进行时的基本结构：主语+系动词+表语+其他。
4. 过去进行时：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作。
其结构由连接词was/were+动词的现在分词构成。
5. 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
动词结构是“have+过去分词”。
6. 过去完成时：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
动词结构是“had+过去分词”。
7. 一般将来时：表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来要实行的计划或打算。
动词结构是“will+动词原形”或“be going to+动词原形”。
8. 过去将来时：表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，及过去的打算或推测。
动词结构是“would+动词原形”或“was/were going to+动词原形”。
以上是初中英语八种时态的归纳，记住口诀“4个1，24678”，即每一种时态都有一种标志性的结构，如一般现在时的标志性结构是主语+系动词+表语，一般过去时的标志性结构是主语+动词的过去式等。
初中英语八大时态总结归纳
编辑文本
初中英语八大时态
一般现在时：am/is/are + 动词原形
一般过去时：was/were + 动词的过去式
现在进行时：am/is/are + 动词的现在分词
过去进行时：was/were + 动词的现在分词
一般将来时：will + 动词原形
过去将来时：助动词would + 动词原形或was/were going to + 动词原形
现在完成时：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词
过去完成时：助动词had + 动词的过去分词
一般现在时：every day，week，mouth，year，always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom 一般过去时：yesterday，the day，before，yesterday，just，now，ago，last week
现在进行时：now，these days，this week，all the time
过去进行时：at the day，then，this time yesterday，the hole morning
一般将来时：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next time，from now on，later (on)，soon
过去将来时：the next day，the following week，soon，one day，in a week
现在完成时：already，yet，never，so far，since，before
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初中英语语法八大时态总结
1.一般现在时2 .一般过去时3 .一般将来时4 .现在进行时5 .过去进行时6 .现在完成时7 .过去完成时8 .过去将来时1.一般现在时1．一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数则动词也要用第三人称单数形式。
动词第三人称单数的构成方式如下：构成方法例词一般在词尾加-s work—works；spend—spends在以s，z，ch，sh，x等字母结尾的动词之后加-es pass—passes；wash—washes；teach—teaches；mix—mixes以不发音的e结尾的动词只在e后加-s write—writes；ride—rides 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-esstudy—studies；try—tries 以o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es do—does；go—goes2.一般现在时的用法(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与often，always，usually，sometimes，once a week，every day/...等表示频率的副词或时间状语连用。
如：I often go to school by bike.我经常骑车去上学。
(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。
如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
(3)在时间、条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
如：If it rains tomorrow，we won't go to the park.如果明天下雨，我们将不去公园。
When I grow up，I will go to America.当我长大后，我将去美国。
即学即练( )1.If Nancy ________ the exam ，she will go to Australia for English study.A ．passB ．passedC ．passesD ．will pass ( )2.The Greens will visit Hainan as soon as they ________ to China.A ．comesB ．comeC ．cameD ．will come ( )3.Now my father ________ his bike to work every day instead of driv ing.A ．rideB ．rodeC ．ridesD ．will rideC B C2.一般过去时1．一般过去时的构成一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，即：主语＋动词的过去式。
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英语八大时态总结一、一般现在时：基本结构：①动词原形②主语三单：动词原形+s/es三种常考基本用法：1、经常性和习惯性动作Eg. I always get up early.2、客观事实和普遍真理Eg. The earth goes around the sun.3、在时间状语从句及条件状语从句中，一般现在表将来If it doesn't rain, we will have a picnic.其中，第三种用法就是学生们熟知的"主将从现"的原则，这一点大家务必掌握，此知识点会在初二，同时也是中考重要考点。
常见时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Sundays, at weekends, once a week, twice a month, etc.二、一般过去时：基本结构：动词的过去式基本用法：1、过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态Eg. I got up late yesterday.2、过去习惯性、经常性的动作Eg. When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.常见时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month…), in 1986, just now, at the age of 10, at that time, once upon a time, etc.三、一般将来时：基本结构：①am/is/are/going to +do;②will/shall + do.基本用法：am/is/are/going to + do1、(人)计划打算做某事Eg. I'm going to go shopping with my mom tomorrow.2、(事)即将发生Eg. Look at the clouds, it's going to rain.will/shall do1、将来的动作和状态(相对较长远)Eg. You'll have your own house in the future.2、礼貌询问、客气邀请Eg. Will you go with me?3、意愿Eg. I will do it for you.常见时间状语：tomorrow, next day (week, month, year…), soon, the day after tomorrow, in+时间段(格外注意)，etc.四、现在进行时：基本结构：am/is/are+现在分词基本用法：1、此时此刻正在进行的动作Eg. I am writing a letter now.2、现阶段正在进行的动作Eg. I am reading a book these days.常见时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.五、过去进行时：基本结构：was/were+现在分词基本用法：1、过去某时刻正在进行的动作Eg. He was playing computer games when his father came home.2、过去某时段正在进行的动作Eg. He was doing his homework while his mother was cooking.常见时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
六、过去将来时：基本结构：①was/were/going to +do;②would/should + do.基本用法：从过去时间点看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
Eg. He said that he would marry her.常见时间状语：the next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.七、现在完成时：基本结构：have/has + 过去分词基本用法：1、过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果Eg. I have finished my homework.2、过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态Eg. We have waited for her for 2 hours.常见时间状语：recently, lately, so far, up to now, since+时间点，for+时间段, in the past few years, etc.现在完成时是考试中的重点也是难点，同学们需要格外加强。
特别注意瞬间动词和延续性动词的转化问题，具体会在课程中详细讲解，在此不加以赘述。
八、过去完成时：基本结构：had + 过去分词基本用法：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，即"过去的过去"。
Eg. Just before the English class, I suddenly realized that I had left my English textbook at home.常见时间状语：before, after, by the end of last year(month…),etc.英语时态语态练习100题1.The sun ________ in the east.2.A. is always rising B. always isrising3.C. rises always D. always rises4.2. He often ________ his clothes on Sundays.5.A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash6.3. I’m Japanese. Where ________ from?7.A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming8.4. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness.9.A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved10.5. ________ at a higher temperature than water?11.A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling12.6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You ________.”13.A. dismissed B. are dismissed C. have dismissed D. were dismissed14.7. I haven’t met him for ages, but his mother ________ him sometimes.15.A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw16.8. We will start as soon as our team leader________ .17.A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming18.9. I think Jack ________ the answer.19.A. has known B. doesknow C. is knowing D. knows 20.10. My father ________ George quite well; they were introduced at a party.21.A. is knowing B. was knowing C. knows D. had been knowing22.11. Where ________ ?23.A. Mary works B. works Mary C. does Mary works D. does Mary work24.12. I think this question ________ to answer.25.A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. Both A and B26.13. ________ oil or butter when you cook it ?27.A. Do you use B. Did you use C. Were you using D. Have you used28.14. I ________ some newspaper at seven yesterday evening.29.A. am reading B. read C. was reading D. will read30.15. Now he ________ a book about New York. I don’t think he will finish it.31.A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing32.16. Zhang Hua does a lot of housework every evening, but now he ________ his schoolmates with their lessons.33.A. help B. is helping C. helps D. has helped34.17. Mother washes the girl’s hair. Look, she ________ .35.A. is washing it now B. washesit36.C. is washing them now D. washes them now37.18. He usually listens to the radio, but at the present moment he ________ television. 38.A. watches B. iswatching C. has watched D. had watched39.19. How long ago ________ playing with soldiers?40.A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop41.20. Look at John! What ________ ?42.A. does he B. he isdoing C. is he doing D. does he do43.21. It ________ hard when I left my house.44.A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain45.22.The railway ________ in three years.46.A. is complete B. will completed C. has completed D. will be completed47.23. Don’t talk so loudly. Your father________ .48.A. sleeps B. issleeping C. slept D. had slept49.24. ----- What are you doing under the table?50.----- I ________ to find my pen.51.A. tried B. had tried C. try D. am trying52.25. Jane and Tom ________ the door.53.A. are walking at B. walk at C. walks to D. are walking to54.26. How many people does the doctor know________ of the disease?55.A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies56.27. He ________ thin.57.A. was getting B. is getting C. will getting D. had been got58.28. Our team ________ every match so far this year, but we still have three games to play.59.A. was winning B. haswon C. had won D. wins60.29. I shall tell you what he ____at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.61.A. has done B. has been done C. had been doing D. was doing62.30. I ________ my homework now.63.A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished64.31. I ________ this coat for very long. It still looks quite new.65.A. wasn’t having B. h aven’t had C. hadn’t D. haven’t been having66.32. ________ reading the book yet?67.A. Have you finished B. Were you finishing68.C. Had you finished D. Are you finishing69.33. The evening party ________ .You are a little late.70.A. just began B. just has begun C. has just begun D. has begun just now71.34. The dog is still wet. It ________ out of the rain.72.A. only just comes B. has only just coming73.C. was only just come D. has only just come74.35. Where did you study before you ________ to this middle school?75.A. come B. came C. are coming D. will come76.36. He ________ home for nearly three weeks.77.A. has gone away from B. has left C. has been away from D. went away from78.37. ----- Did your brother go to America last year? ----- ________ .79.A. No, he has never go there B. No, he has never gone here80.C. No, he never was there D. No, he’s never been there81.38. My uncle ________ in that factory since 1958.82.A. worked B. had worked C. is working D. has worked83.39. I ________ her since she was a little girl.84.A. knew B. know C. had known D. have known85.40. He ________ for three years.86.A. has joined B. has been in the armyC. joinedD. has served the army41. His grandfather ________ for thirty years.A. diedB. was deadC. has been deadD. has died42. I ________ a college student for more thana year.A. becameB. have becomeC. wasD. have been43. I ________ this radio for two years.A. usedB. useC. haveused D. am used44. I ________ from my brother for a long time.A. not have heardB. have not heardC. have heard notD. do not hear45. Since you don’t want to go, I ________ alone.A. will goB. goC.went D. have gone46. He________ his watch. Have you seen it anywhere?A. lostB. loseC. haslost D. had lost47. I ________ the exhibition on the life and work of Lenin.A. seeB. sawC. haveseen D. am seeing48. When I was a little boy my father ________ me the earth is round.A. tellsB. has toldC. had toldD. told49. You ________ your homework..A. haven’t doneB. have doingC. have not doingD. not done50. Our teacher ________ to Beijing three times.A. wentB. had doneC. has goneD. has been51. It’s time you ________ a holiday.A. hadB. haveC. willhave D. have had52. The young engineer he ________ is a friend of his.A. is talkingB. is going totalk C. talked D. is talking to53. He ________ in Shanghai in 196o.A. livesB. livedC. has livedD. is living54. Robert ________ in England a few weeks ago.A. arrivesB. has arrivedC. could arriveD. arrived55. How long ago ________ in Fujian?A. has he arrivedB. did he arriveC. could he arriveD. arrived56. Jack ________ a letter to his parents last night.A. writesB. wroteC.write D. has written57. His parent did not know why ________ his homework.A. did he not doB. did he not to doC. he had not doneD. he had done not58. Last week John ________ his leg.A. felt and brokenB. fell and brokeC. feels and breaksD. fallen and broken59. Wang Jinsi ________ the whole nation as Iron Man.A. was known byB. is knownto C. knew D. has known60. They ________ to a new house last month.A. movesB. moveC.moved D. have moved61. I’ll let you know as soon as he ________ .A. arrivesB. will arriveC. arriveD. reach62. ________ last year and is now earning his living as a newsboy.A. He left the schoolB. He has left the schoolC. He had left schoolD. He left school63. Mike is now in New York. He ________ there since six days ago.A. wasB. isC. hadbeen D. has been64. Yesterday Mary ________ to me with a problem.A. cameB. goesC.went D. come65. Where ________ yesterday?A. went youB. was youC. have you beenD. were you66. Yesterday a man ________ my car.A. hiteB. hatC.hitted D. hit67. The sun ________ when we got there.A. raisedB. had raisedC. had risenD. rises68. When did you ________ to see me last?A. goB. wentC.came D. come69. ________ the news last night?A. Heard youB. Did you heardC. Did you hearD. Were you hear70. This book ________ everybody.A. is known byB. is known forC. is known toD. knows71. I am sure he’ll come to see me before he ________ Beijing.A. leaveB. leftC. will leaveD. leaves72. Jack ________ his thick coat because it was snowing.A. puts onB. put onC. takes onD. took on73. He ________ his coat and went out.A. takes onB. put onC. takes onD. took on74. How many people ________ the lecture on basic chemistry?A. attendedB. is attendingC. do they attendD. did attend75. Look at the clock! It’s time ________ home.A. we’ll goB. we wentC. we’re goingD. we should go76. He ________ you later.A. will seeB. may will seeC. wills seeD. will sees77. ________ breakfast in the morning?A. Will she beB. Will she cooksC. Will she cookD. Will she be cook78. You ________ her again in a few days.A. will seeB. have seenC. had seenD. have been seen79. My parents ________ me to become a doctor.A. hopedB. wantedC. decidedD. suggested80. If we study hard, ________ .A. we had passed the examB. We are passing the examC. we have passed the examD. we will pass the exam81. She has been here ________ .A. after 1978B. for 1978C. in 1978D. since 197882. Your shirt is dirty. ________ it for you?A. Am I going to washB. Will I washC. AmI washing D. shall I wash83. ----- The clock is slow.----- It isn’t slow, it ________ .A. is stoppingB. will stopC. has stoppedD. stopped84.They wanted to know when they ________ have an examination.A. had gone toB. were going toC. would be goingD. had been going85. My sister ________ to see me. She’ll be here soon.A. comesB. is comingC. had comeD. came86. When ________ , I’ll talk to him.A. does Peter comeB. Peter will comeC. Peter comesD. can Peter come87. He will pay a visit to the exhibition when he ________ time.A. hasB. will haveC.has D. is going to have88. I will go home for the vacation as soon asI ________ my exams.A. will finishB. finishC. finishingD. finished89. If ________ , we’ll stay at home.A. it will rainB. it’s to rainC. it rainsD. it’ll be raining90. It ________ hard when we left.A. is rainingB. has rainedC. was rainingD. rained91. What ________ when I saw you yesterday?A. did you doB. were you doingC. you were doingD. you did92. Bill said that he ________ his homework at half past seven yesterday evening.A. didB. was doingC. will doD. has done93. They ________ a meeting from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.A. were havingB. hadC. would haveD. have94. Yesterday afternoon some students ________ wheat on the farm.A. had sowingB. sowedC. have sownD. were sowing95. She ________ at seven o’clock this morning.A. is writingB. writeC. writesD. was writing96. By the end of last term we ________ English for two years.A. have studiedB. have been studiedC. would studiedD. had studied97. He ________ quite a lot in his work.A. use to travelB. is used to travelC. used to travelD. was used to travel98. He ________ out when somebody called at his office.A. has just goneB. had just goneC. just wentD. just now went99. When the teacher came into the classroom, the pupils ________ their exercises.A. have doneB. were doingC. are doingD. has done100. When we arrived, the dinner ________ . A. already began B. has already begunC. had already begunD. was just begun一、用所给词的适当形式填空：1．He______swimming in the river every day in summer. (go)2.It________you are right. ( seem )3.Look, the children______ basketball on the playground. ( play )4.He______to the radio when I came in, ( listen )5.It is very cold .I think it______ . ( rain )6. I need somepaper . I______ some for you . ( bring )7.I cant find my pen . Who______it ? ( take )8.He said that he______back in five minutes . ( come )9.I didnt meet him. He______ when I got there. ( leave )10.I______my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose )11.He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )12.He is very hungry. He_________ anything for three days. ( not eat )13.I______with you if I have time . ( go )14.We will go to the cinema if it______fine . (be )15.I will tell her the news when she______to see me next week. (come)16. When______you______thecar ? In 1998 . ( buy )17.We______good friends since we met at school . （be）18.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do)19.The bike is nice . How much______it______? (cost)二、选择最佳答案填空（）1.Well go swimming if theweather______fine tomorrow.A. isB.wasC. willbe D.is going to be（）2.It______five years since he has left for Beijing.A.wasB.hasbeenC.isD.is going to be（）3.Please dont leave the office until your friend______back.A.cameesC.havecome D.will come（）4.By the end of last year he______about 1500 English words.A. learnsB.learnedC.was learningD.had learned（）5.Listen ! Someone______in the next room .A.criedB.cryingC.is cryingD.has cried（）6.You must tell him the news as soon as you______him.A.seeB.seesC.will seeD.is seeing（）7.He told me that he______to see us the next day.esB. cameC. willcome D. would come（）8.We cant find him anywhere . Perhaps he______home.A. is goingB. wentC. has comeD. would come（）9.The teacher told us that thesun______bigger than the earth.A. isB. wasC. has beenD.will be（）10.Could you tell me where the railway station______?A. wasB. isC. will beD. would be（）11.We______to the Great Wall several times.A. goB. were goingC. have goneD.have been（）12.It seemed that the old man______for something over there.A. looksB. lookedC. was lookingD. has looked（）13.He was sure that he______his wallet in the office .A. leftB. would leaveC. had leftD. has left（）14.You must study hard if you______ want to fail the exam.A. wontB. dontC.havent D. hadnt（）15. Im afraid you cant sithere . Sorry , I______know.A. dontB. wontC.cant D. didnt（）16. As she______the newspaper , Granny______asleep.A. read , was fallingB. was reading fellC. was reading ,wasfallingD.read , fell（）17. Jim is not comingtonight . But he______ !A. promises（许诺）B. promisedC. will promiseD. had promised（）18. Whats hername? I______.A. forgetB. forgotC. had forgottenD. am forgetting三、动词时态能力综合测试（）1.He often______his clothes on Sundays.A. washingB. washesC. has washedD. wash（）2.Im Chinese. Where______from?A. do you comeB. you are comingC. you comeD. are you coming（）3.May______to school.A. never walksB. is never walkingC. walk neverD. never is walking（）4.We will start as soon as our teacher______ .A. comesB. will comeC.come D. is coming（）5.How long ago______playing football?A. have you stoppedB. had you stoppedC. did you stopD. do you stop（）6.It______ hard when I left my house .A. is rainingB. rainsC. was rainingD. will rain（）7.I think this question______to answer.A. easyB. is easyC. was easyD. will easy（）8. Dont talk so loudly . Yourfather______.A. sleepsB. is sleepingC. sleptD. had slept（）9.How many people does the doctor know who______of the disease (疾病)？A. are dyingB. isdying C.Haddied D. dies （）10.I______my homework now.A. finishB. finishedC. have finishedD. had finishe（）11.He______for three years.A. has joinedB. has been in the armyC. joinedD. has served the army（）12.His grandfather______for thirty years.A. diedB. was deadC. has beendead D. has died（）13.I______ from my brother for a long time.A. not have heardB. have not heardC. have heard notD. do not hear（）14.Maths, one of the most important subjects, ______always interested him.A. hasB. haveC. areD. is（）15.Did your brother go to America last year? ______.A. No , he did never go thereB. No , he has never gone hereC. No , he never was thereD. No , he has never been there（）16.He______ that factory since 1958. A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to（）17.Our teacher______to Beijing three times.A. wentB. had goneC. hasgone D. has been（）st week John______his leg.A. felt and brokenB. fell and brokeC. feels and breaksD. fallen and broken（）19.Jack______his thick coat because it was snowing.A. puts onB. put onC. takes onD. took on（）20.He______the picture on the wall.A. hangedB. hungC. hashanged D. was hanged（）21.Next month______twenty five.A.has my sisterB. my sister willbeB.C. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to be（）22.You______her again in a few weeks.A. will seeB. have seenC. had seenD. have been seen（）23. By the end of last termwe______English for two years.A. have studiedB. have been studiedC. would studiedD. had studied（）24.Mrs Brown______in New York for three years before she went to London.A. livedB. had livedC. haslived D. will live（）25.When we arrived , the dinner______.A. already beganB. has already begunC. had already begunD. was just begun）26.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I______ my exams.A. will finishB. finishC. finishingD. finished（）27.When______, Ill talk to him.A. does Peter comeB. Peter will comeC. Peter comesD. can Peter come（）28.My sister______to see me . Shell be here soon.A. comesB. is comingC. had comeD. came（）29.They said they______our answer the next day .A. had heardB. would hear ofC. would hearD. will hear（）30.The old man said thatlight______faster than sound.A. wentB. will goC.travels D. will travel1. D2. B3. A4. B5. C6. B7. B8. A9. D 10. C 11. D 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. C 21. C 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. D 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. D 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. D 55. B 56. B 57. C 58. B 59. B 60. C 61. A 62. D 63. D 64. A 65. D66. D 67. C 68. D 69. C 70. C 71. D 72. B 73. B 74. A 75. B 76. A 77. C 78. A 79. B 80. D 81. D 82. D 83. C 84. B 85. B 86. C 87. A 88. B 89. C 90. C 91. B 92. B 93. A 94. D 95. D 96. D 97. C 98. B 99. B 100 C动词时态专项训练（答案）一、1. goes 2. seems 3. areplaying 4. was listening 5.willrain 6. will bring7. took 8. would come 9. hasleft 10.lost 11. sat 12. hasn't eaten 13. will go 14.is 15. comes 16. did buy 17. have been 18. were doing 19. does cost二、1. A 2. B 3. B 4.D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8.C 9. A 10. B 11.D 12. C13. C 14. B 15. A 16.A 17.B18.A三、1. B 2. A 3. A 4.A 5. C 6. C 7.B 8. B9.A 10. C 11.B 12.C 13. B 14.D 15.D 16. B 17. D 18.B 19. B 20.B 21. B 22.A 23. D 24.B 25.C 26. B 27. C 28.B 29.C 30.。