初中英语语法名词讲解
初中英语语法——名词
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名词一、普通名词和专有名词1.普通名词普通名词是指非特定的人、事物或地点的名称或一个抽象概念的名称。
按意义可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
按可数不可数可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
一般来说,个体名词和集体名词属于可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。
Tips:有些抽象名词可数,如:an idea2.专有名词专有名词指特定的人、事物、机构、地点名称或月份、节假日等名称。
专有名词首字母要大写。
二、可数名词和不可数名词1.可数名词●可数名词指可以用数量表示的人、事物、地点或动物的名称;可数名词具有单数和复数形式,可以用数字等修饰a Chinese teacher 一个中文老师six Chinese teachers 六个中文老师单数可数名词是用来指一个人、一只动物、一个地点或一件事物的名词。
复数可数名词则指●复数名词的构成Tips:fish有两种复数形式:指鱼的数量,单数和复数同形(a fish一条鱼、three fish三条鱼、lots of fish许多鱼);如果强调鱼的种类,复数加-es或用同形fish(different species of fishes/different species of fish不同种类的鱼)。
fish还可以是不可数名词,意思是鱼肉,无复数形式。
2.不可数名词不可数名词不可以用数量来表示,即不可以用数字等修饰;不可数名词都是单数名词,没有复数形式。
●一些常见的不可数名词money/tea/rice/rain/news/traffic/water/weather/work/advice/bread/butter/cheese/coffee/milk /knowledge/oil/snow/information/hair/bread3.名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式可数名词可以与动词单数形式或复数形式连用;不可数名词后面只能接动词单数形式。
初中英语语法讲解——名词
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初中英语语法讲解——名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。
二、分类1.名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:john is a studentstudent是普通名词,john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。
2.普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。
3.专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。
三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of ,plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of,lots of ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
初中英语语法专题名词与动词
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初中英语语法专题名词与动词初中英语语法专题名词名词一、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如:Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,那么必须使用定冠词the。
如:the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,那么表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。
如:pupil, family, man,foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: bo某, child, orange;▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。
如:water, news, oil, population, information .二、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1、名词由单数变复数的根本方法如下:①在单数名词词尾加s。
如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.②s,o,某 ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:class→classes, bo某→bo某es, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.[注]:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。
如:photo→photos,pi ano→pianos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。
如:family→families,city→cities, party→parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。
如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.2、不规那么变化:man→men, woman→women,sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→chil dren, o某→o某en, goose→geese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。
初中英语语法名词用法讲解及专项练习
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初中英语语法名词用法讲解及专项练习【考点讲解】一、名词的分类二、可数名词与不可数名词(一) 可数名词名词分为可数和不可数名词。
物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词,它们只有单数形式;个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词,通常有单数和复数两种形式。
1. 单数变复数的规则【注】 ① 常见的以o 结尾要加es 的有如下几个:hero, tomato, potato ,可记为“英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆”。
剩余以o 为结尾的加s :如photo, zoo, piano等② 以f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v+es 的词有如下:小偷的妻子用刀把狼劈成两半,一半放在书架上,一半放在树叶上2. 不规则复数形式(1) 元音或词尾发生变化:child- , man- , woman-_________, foot- , tooth- , mouse-policeman -___________, Frenchman-_________Englishman-(2) 单复数形式相同: (3) 形式为复数,意思为复数:people ,police(4) 形式为复数,意思为单数:news, maths, physics(5) 只能用复数形式:trousers, shoes, glasses ……【注】○1man,woman作定语修饰别的名词时,要把man,woman和其他部分都变成复数,如man teacher –,woman doctor –_____________;○2但是其他合成名词,只需把其中心词变成复数形式。
如:shoe factory- , banana tree-3. “某国人”的复数形式“中日不变英法变,其余s加后边”(二)不可数名词不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,一般没有复数形式1. 物质名词有water, rice, tea, milk, chicken(鸡肉), fish(鱼肉), food, fruit, beef,orange(橙汁), sugar, salt, paper(纸), porridge, bread, sand, juice,chalk等;抽象名词有news, music, time(时间), information等;2. 在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:(1) 用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:a lot of money / some milk / any water / much snow(2) 用“a piece / glass / cup / bottle / bag of+不可数名词”或“数词pieces /glasses / cups / bottles / bags of+不可数名词”这类定语,例如:a piece of paper ( wood / bread) →a bottle of orange →a glass of wate r →a cup of tea →a bag of rice →3. 不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词a/an连用;4. 注意有些名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,此时中文意思有区别。
初中英语语法名词
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many
much
few
little
a few
a little
some
some
plenty of
plenty of
A lot of/lots of A lot of/lots of
很多 很少 一些 一些 许多 许多
• 注意
• 1)People 是集体名词,但当民族讲时可以用复 数Peoples
• 2)以复数形式出现的书名,剧名报纸杂志名也是 为单数
2,000. 4. The woman with two children __i_s___( is ,are ) coming
here. 5. Neither he nor I __a_m__(are, am ) an American.
指点迷津
6. Maths ___is___(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy. 7. They are all __w_o_m_e_n_t_e_ac_h_e_rs___( woman, teachers ;
Shanghai.
1.Several _____ are talking under the tree.And they are__C____.
A.woman;children B.woman;child C.women;children
2.—How far is your school from here? —Not very far.It's about twenty C walk.
(2)以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的加-es 读/iz/ 例如: box→boxes bus→buses watch→watches
初中英语语法 名词
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初中英语语法词法部分(一)名词考点一:名词单复数(了解)名词的种类:英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:规则名词复数的变化:Tip:变fe为ves的口诀:小偷和妻子用架子上的刀结束了树叶和狼的生命。
不规则名词复数:考点二:名词所有格(了解)名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。
所有格分三种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
三是双重所有格.(1)所有格的构成(2)有些表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命东西的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。
(3)of所有格的用法:用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book, a map of the world , the story of a hero , the windows of the room , the title of the film(4)双重所有格在意义上与"one of..."相似:名词专项训练(一)一.选择题()1、"It depends on my ______decision."the mother said and looked at her two sons.A.childrens' B.children's C.child D.child's()2、10 September is on ________Day.A TeacherB TeachersC Teacher’sD Teachers’()3、On Day, we should give our best wishes to our mothers.A WomanB Women’sC Woman’sD Women’s()4、Do you know when is Day.A FathersB Father’sC Fathers’Father()5、Fruit is good for health,so I often have breakfast with one.A.candy B.cakeC.banana D.hamburger()6、﹣The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive.﹣Don't worry.You can enjoy yourself.It's my _________.A.time B.treat C.task D.taste()7、﹣Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera.﹣That's true.It's an important part of Chinese____________.A.culture B.invention C.custom()8、The New Silk Road will offer a good _____ for more nations to communicate.A.chance B.habit C.question D.price()9、Each couple in China can have two_____from January 1st,2016A.boy B.girl C.children D.child()10、It's sports time.Most ________ students in Class 1are playing football on the playground.()A.boy B.boys C.boy's D.boys'()11、we should show our respects to those,they are very important to us.A woman doctorB women doctorC women doctorsD women doctor()12、Those are all from famous colleges.A man teachersB men teachersC man’s teachersD men’s teachers()13、I need to buy a pair of shoes,do you know where I can find a shop?A shoesB shoe'sC shoes’D shoe()14、Our school will have a meeting tomorrow, we are all very excited.A sportB sportsC sport’sD sports’()15、There is a new store near my home ,would you go with me ?A clothB clotheC clothesD clothes’()16、Yibin is one of the most beautiful ____in Sichuan.A.city B.cities C.citys D cityies()17、Do you know one of the name ? ()A masterB mastersC masters’D master’s()18、He is one of the best in our school. ()A studentB studentsC students’D student’s()19、﹣There are many _____ about this farm.﹣Yes,lots of _____ are planted on it.()A.photo;potato B.photos;potatosC.photos;potatoes D.photoes;potatoes()20、Tom’s familylarge , there are only four in it.A aren't ;people;B isn't ;peoplesC aren't ;peoplesD isn't ;people()21、His familyall music lovers.A isB areC beD were()22、The government going to build a dam here.A isB areC beD was()23、The government having meetings on how to solve the air problem.A areB isC wereD be()24、the police looking for him everywhere.()A areB isC amD be()25、﹣How far is your home from school?﹣About ______ ride.()A.ten minute's B.ten minutes' C.ten minutes()26、There'll be a ________meeting next week,and my parents will ______come for it.A.parents';all B.parents';bothC.parent's;all D.parent's;both()27、﹣Are you sure this is a photo _______,the famous comedy actress?﹣It surprised you,didn't it?But she was once really thin.A.Jia Ling B.Jia Ling'sC.of Jia Ling D.of Jia Ling's()28、"John,is the book on the desk yours?""No,it's my .She left it here yesterday."A.sister's B.sister C.sisters'()29、room is big and nice.A.Kate's and Jane's B.Kate's and JaneC.Kate and Jane's()30、﹣Mike,what club do you want to join?﹣Well,I want to join the club.I love painting.A.chess B.sports C.art D.English()31、Peter did't tell his parents that he was going home because he wanted to give them a_______A.note B.surprise C.call D.gift()32、﹣Whatdo you like?﹣I like playing tennis and running.A.subjects B.music C.sports()33、Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the ______.A.kitchen B.garden C.bathroom D.bedroom()34、The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it,you should be careful.A.glass B.glasses C.candle D.Candles()35、﹣Mom,I will eat less fast food this year,believe me.﹣If you make a ________,you must keep it.A.joke B.noise C.mistake D.promise()36、﹣﹣﹣Look!So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there.﹣﹣﹣They're for public.This ______ of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang city.A.number B.pair C.kind D.piece()37、He was born in Germany,but he has made China his ______.A.family B.address C.house D.home()38、It's cold today.Take your______ with you when you go out.A.knife B.coat C.brush D.key()39、﹣Who is the person you admire the most?﹣Qian Xuesen,the Father of China's Missiles.He is the ______ of China.A.leader B.pride C.voice()40、﹣﹣﹣Why did Lucy look unhappy?﹣﹣﹣Because she was so careless that she made many spelling____in her homework.A.friends B.plans C.decisions D.mistakes()41、Some old people need a _______ because they feel lonely.A.gift B.stick C.pet D.watch()42、﹣﹣﹣It's hot today.Have some ________,please.﹣﹣﹣No,thanks.I'm not thirsty at all.A.water B.potatoes C.bread D.cakes()43、When the man went through the forest alone,he lost his _______ and felt afraid.A.Task B.work C.way D.Job()44、﹣﹣Are you going out with Jade tonight?﹣﹣That's my .Mind your own!A.offer B.Business C.question D.chance()45、Your _______ is very helpful.I guess I'll take it.A.secret B.advice C.promise D.purpose名词专项训练(二)1.my cousin likes doing (体育).2.Do you know any of the (child ) name ?3.They come from . they are . (England)4.She is a good (swim).5.(swim ) in the river is dangerous.6.How many (年级) are there in your school ?7.The (主人) of the dogs look after them well.8.The (swim) are trying their best.9.This picture is my (表弟).10.These cloths are those (swim).11.One of the basketball (play) is from England.12.Do you know the (run) over there ?13.The book must be one of my (teacher).14.We have eleven tennis (play) in our new team.15.This is our (one) lesson.16.I hope Li Hua’s (dream) come true.17.The bag isn’t mine , it must be someone (else) .18.You can find Lily in the(read) room.19.Those doctors saved a lot of people, they are my (hero).20.My friends like playing (football)4.After class,children went out of their classroom to enjoy the(warm)of the sun.5.There were(thousand)of people at the concert.6.There used to be many(wolf),but only a few of them remain today.7.A dictionary is useful for us to understand new words.(改为复数形式)useful for us to understand new words.8.By the end of this month,people in Beijing will be able to brush their(tooth)with water from Hubei.9.Please accept our best w(祝愿)for your exams.10.In the famous competition,(获胜者)always get very good prize.11.Having a good is necessary for us all.(educate)12.I saw some(German)and Englishmen dancing in the street the day before yesterday.13.He Jiong,a host from Hunan TV,was very famous in his(twenty).14.Emily published her fifth two﹣million﹣word novel in her.(thirty)15.may live in the deep ocean some day.(human)16.The program introduced how the police dealt with two in the small town.(robbery)17.Leaving the windows open is just inviting to enter.(thief)18.We had to go there on foot.After the two(hour)walk,we were tired out.19.It's lime lo have a rest.Let's go out for a(呼吸)of fresh air.20.When I was younger,my h was collecting stamps,but now I like painting.21.There is no doubt that Moyan is a great(succeed)with Nobel Prize.22.He made a(decide)not to spend too much time playing video games.23.Don't be afraid of making.They help you learn.(mistake)24.Thousands of(visitor)come to my hometown Suqian every year.25.The soldier saved the boy from the flood with a piece of.(wooden)26.Lots of people surf the Internet to look for some about the missing plane.(information )27.Which team do you think will be the(win)of the 20th FIFA World Cup?28.My father's job is different from those(spaceman).29.After so many(year)practice,Li Na is a well﹣known tennis player.30.In my hometown,lots of trees are full of green all year round.(leaf)31.Thanks to your(suggest),l got to complete the job in time.32.Look at the(photo).How beautiful they are!33.Our modern times need more and more(hero)for us to learn from.34.The kangaroo comes from Australia.It eats grass and(leaf).35.It is well﹣known that there are four(季节)in a year.36.Many people do not know the(important)of the wetlands.37.The beautiful toy car is(Bob).38.(child)Day is my favourite festival in the year.39.David is good at drawing and he's going to be an(art)when he grows up.40.We do lots of outdoor(active)when spring comes.41.He is friendly to his classmates,and has made many(friend)here.42.Many new(potato)will grow from one potato planted in the ground.43.Look,Mum!All the boxes in the room are filled with(蔬菜).44.Several(foreign)came to visit our school last week.45.The teachers often talk to us about the of smoking.(dangerous)46.What a heavy!Take an umbrella when you go out.47.Now I can speak in English and keep (日记) in English.48.How many (手表) do you have ?49.What time is it ? it is a (一刻钟) past one .50.Every day ,we do morning (锻炼) at school.51.Thanks for your (祝愿).52.It’s good for our eyes to do eye (锻炼).53.Are there any in your school ? yes, we often go to read books in it.54.We enjoy watching the (firework) on New Year's Eve.1.(2016•平顶山一模)There is no enough ____ in the fridge to put the meat.()A.space B.place C.floor D.ground2.(2016•济南一模)﹣Why do you look so excited,Timmy?﹣I've just got a good________.()A.news B.job C.advice D.work3.(2016•济南一模)Mike and his friends are going to the ________to see the new movie tonight.()A.bookshop B.restaurant C.cinema D.concert二.填空题(共43小题)4.(2015•临沂)After class,children went out of their classroom to enjoy the___ (warm)of the sun.5.(2015•临沂)There were_____ (thousand)of people at the concert.6.(2015•安顺)There used to be many(wolf),but only a few of them remain today.7.(2015•上海)A dictionary is useful for us to understand new words.(改为复数形式)Dictionarie useful for us to understand new words.8.(2015•临沂)By the end of this month,people in Beijing will be able to brush their____(tooth)with water from Hubei.9.(2015•安徽)Please accept our best w (祝愿)for your exams.10.(2015•青岛)In the famous competition,(获胜者)always get very good prize.11.(2015•红河州二模)Having a good is necessary for us all.(educate)12.(2015•兴化市一模)I saw some(German)and Englishmen dancing in the street the day before yesterday.13.(2015•兴化市一模)He Jiong,a host from Hunan TV,was very famous in his______(twenty).14.(2015•青浦区二模)Emily published her fifth two﹣million﹣word novel in her.(thirty)15.(2015•闸北区二模)may live in the deep ocean some day.(human)16.(2015•浦东新区一模)The program introduced how the police dealt with two_______in the small town.(robbery)17.(2015•闸北区一模)Leaving the windows open is just inviting to enter.(thief)18.(2015•泗阳县模拟)We had to go there on foot.After the two(hour)walk,we were tired out.19.(2014•连云港)It's lime to have a rest.Let's go out for a(呼吸)of fresh air.20.(2014•广州)When I was younger,my h was collecting stamps,but now I like painting.21.(2014•鄂州)There is no doubt that Moyan is a great(succeed)with Nobel Prize.22.(2014•西藏)He made a(decide)not to spend too much time playing video games.23.(2014•上海)Don't be afraid of making.They help you learn.(mistake)24.(2014•宿迁)Thousands of(visitor)come to my hometown Suqian every year.25.(2014•上海)The soldier saved the boy from the flood with a piece of.(wooden)26.(2014•贵阳)Lots of people surf the Internet to look for some about the missing plane.(information )27.(2014•盐城)Which team do you think will be the(win)of the 20th FIFA World Cup?28.(2014•东台市二模)My father's job is different from those(spaceman).29.(2013•兰州)After so many(year)practice,Li Na is a well﹣known tennis player.30.(2012•迪庆州)In my hometown,lots of trees are full of green all year round.(leaf)31.(2012•兰州)Thanks to your(suggest),l got to complete the job in time.32.(2012•徐州)Look at the(photo).How beautiful they are!33.(2012•泰州)Our modern times need more and more(hero)for us to learn from.34.(2012•钦州)The kangaroo comes from Australia.It eats grass and(leaf).35.(2012•泰安)It is well﹣known that there are four seasons(季节)in a year.36.(2012•盐城)Many people do not know the(important)of the wetlands.37.(2012•西藏)The beautiful toy car is(Bob).38.(2012•宿迁)(child)Day is my favourite festival in the year.39.(2011•临沂)David is good at drawing and he's going to be an(art)when he grows up.40.(2011•烟台)We do lots of outdoor(active)when spring comes.41.(2011•广元)He is friendly to his classmates,and has made many(friend)here.42.(2011•西藏)Many new(potato)will grow from one potato planted in the ground.43.(2011•兰州)Look,Mum! All the boxes in the room are filled with(蔬菜).44.(2011•广西)Several(foreign)came to visit our school last week.45.(2011•昭通)The teachers often talk to us about the of smoking.(dangerous)46.(2011•吉林)What a heavy!Take an umbrella when you go out.。
初中英语语法—名词
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4. 其它形式:
child – children mouse
5.一些合成名词的复数,分两种情况:
(1)将中心词变为复数
girl friend – girl friends
trees
banana tree – banana
(2) man,woman 构成的合成词,每个
名词都要变成复数
a man doctor – men doctors
(2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es” 读/iz/
box – boxes watch –
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加 “es” /iz/
* country – countries
* factory – factories
请注意:以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字 母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。
数名词复数。
*There are a few people in the park.
*How many knives are there in your pencil-box?
★不可数名词:
物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。
如: water,rice,fish,meat 等。
特别记住:
work chalk time space music
c. 均可。zero---zeros / zeroes
(5) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再 加“es” /vz/
* half – halves * shelf – shelves *
特殊变化的单词:
1.单复数同形: Chinese , fish , Japanese , sheep , deer li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 。除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、 法郎等都有复数形式 ,如:a dollar, two dollars; a pound, two pounds
初中英语语法名词讲解教案
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初中英语语法名词讲解教案一、教学目标:1. 让学生掌握名词的分类,包括可数名词、不可数名词和集合名词。
2. 让学生了解名词的复数形式变化规则。
3. 让学生学会名词的所有格形式。
4. 培养学生运用名词进行正确表达的能力。
二、教学内容:1. 名词的分类(1)可数名词:表示可以数清的物品,如:apple, book, pen等。
(2)不可数名词:表示无法数清的物品,如:water, rice, air等。
(3)集合名词:表示由若干个个体组成的整体,如:family, class, team等。
2. 名词的复数形式(1)规则变化:在单数名词后加-s或-es,如:apple→apples, book→books。
(2)不规则变化:一些单数名词的复数形式不遵循规则,如:mouse→mice,child→children。
3. 名词的所有格形式(1)单数名词的所有格:在单数名词后加-'s,如:John's book。
(2)复数名词的所有格:在复数名词后加-'s,如:the students' books;或者在复数名词后加-',如:the children, the women。
4. 名词在句子中的作用(1)主语:表示动作的执行者,如:She is a teacher.(2)宾语:表示动作的承受者,如:I like apples.(3)表语:用来修饰名词的词,如:The book is interesting.三、教学步骤:1. 导入:通过展示一些名词图片,让学生猜测这些名词,引出本课的主题——名词。
2. 讲解:(1)介绍名词的分类,让学生举例说明。
(2)讲解名词的复数形式变化规则,引导学生注意不规则变化。
(3)讲解名词的所有格形式,让学生区分单数和复数的所有格。
3. 练习:(1)让学生用所学的名词分类知识,将给出的单词归类。
(2)让学生根据所学的名词复数形式变化规则,将单词变为复数形式。
初中英语语法大全 之 名词部分
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初中英语语法讲解第一讲名词·考点一:名词的分类名词可以分为专有名词、普通名词和复合名词三类:1、专有名词是人名,地名、江河湖海名、书名、歌曲名你,机构名,节日名或者某一事物所特有的名称。
如Einstein、Beijing、the yellow river、CCTV、September、Tuesday、the spring festival等。
2、普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词。
普通名词又可分为下面四类:(1)个体名词:表示单个人或单个事物。
如:gun、kid 、book。
(2)集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物组成的集合体。
如:family。
(3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质、材料、食品、饮料、液体、气体、金属等名称的名词,如:pork、wood、bread、water、air。
(4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念及学科、疾病。
如:work 。
Hunger、honesty 、love、Chinese、success、HIV。
3、复合名词指有两个或两个以上的词构成的名词。
主要由名词、动词、副词、形容词以及介词组合而来。
如:head master(校长)、rain fall(降雨量)、black board(黑板)·考点二:名词的复数形式引入概念:可数名词和不可数名词:能具体计数的名词都是可数名词,不能具体计数的名词都是不可数名词。
个体名词和集体名词一般都可以用数目来计算,而物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算。
专有名词往往只指一个人或者物,没有必要用具体数值计数,故一般也视为不可数名词。
1、可数名词的数(1)规则变化(先给出词,提问,之后给出结论,再练习)(2)不规则变化2、不可数名词的数由于是不可数故没有词性变化表示方法:数词或者冠词+量词+of+不可数名词,(量词可以是单数也可是复数)a glass of water \two cups of tea\ a piece of paper(常见的不可数名词:air beef bread coffee food fruit hair ice money meat milk music orange paper rice salt sand silk snow time water weather wind wood wool fire news information fun blood等)3、复合名词的数(1)中间有连字符或间隔的复合名词,将中心词变为复数,如:sisterinlaw→sistersinlaw(嫂子)passer-by →passers-by(路人)练习:looker-on→lookers-on(2)中间无连字符或间隔的复合名词,直接按照变为复数,如:housewife-housewivesbookshelf-bookshelves(3)特殊情况:复合词中第一个词为是man或woman,则将复合词中两个词都变为复数,如:man worker →men workerswoman teacher →women teachers4、特殊情况(强调积累和练习!!)(1)有些不可数名词有复数形式,表示不同的类别时,可以用复数。
初中英语语法之名词用法和解析
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初中英语语法之名词用法和解析ble, ice, duck, flag... 这些简单的英语单词,它们的名词意义就算对初学英语者来说也一定是小菜一碟,但老外经常把它们当做动词用,它们的动词意义和用法你知道吗?1. table:名词,桌子;当动词用,是指开会时延期讨论提案等,也就是暂缓审议。
(to postpone discussion of a bill or suggestion until future time); 例如:They tabled the motion at the meeting.I made the motion and he seconded it.(我提案,他同意。
) (second 这里是动词,意思是赞成;to second the motion 也就是附议)We are tabling this matter until further notice.(我们延期讨论这件事,以后再说。
)2. pride:名词,荣誉;当动词用,是指感到得意或自豪。
(to take pride in something)例如:We prided ourselves on our good work. (我们为自己工作的表现而自豪。
)I have long prided myself on being a good teacher. (我一向以身为一名称职的老师?而自豪。
)注意:to pride oneself on和 to be proud of 或 to take pride in 意思相近,只是用法和后面所跟的介词不同而已。
例如:They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist.I am very proud of being a Chinese.3. carpet:名词,地毯;当动词用,是覆盖的意思。
初中英语语法总结-名词
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初中英语语法大全:名词(一)名词的定义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。
(二)名词的分类:名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
注意专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。
专有名词前一般不加冠词。
名词的种类注意物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。
不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。
(三)名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式:1.单数英语中,如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时,要用名词的单数形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。
This is a desk .这是一张书桌。
There is an orange on the table .桌上有一个橘子。
an orange 一个橘子an new orange (×)→a new orange (○)一个新橘子a deska old desk (×)→ an old desk (○)一张旧课桌a和an的使用区别a加在以辅音开头的名词前,如a book,a pen。
an加在以元音开头的名词前,如an egg,an apple。
注意有时a,an后面紧接的不是单数名词,而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。
初中英语语法名词讲解
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名词一名词的意义和种类1.名词意义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。
如:Shanghai, Lilei, desk2.名词的种类:A.专有名词:表示某个人,地方机构等专有的名称,如人名、月份、日期、地名等。
注意:专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。
专有名词前一般不加冠词。
如:Jim, June, China, Harbin.注意:(1)第一个字母要大写;(2)专有名词前不加冠词,也没有复数。
B.普通名词:表示某人或者某事物的名称。
(1)个体名词:表单个的人或者事物。
如:boy, teacher, apple…(2)集体名词:表一群人或一些事物的总称。
如:family, people, police, class…(3)物质名词:表无法分为个体的物质。
如:water, money, sea…(4)抽象名词:表抽象概念的词。
如:health, friendship…二名词的数A.可数名词(个体名词和集体名词):有单复数之分1.规则变化情况构成方法例词读音一般情况在词尾加-s desk→desksmap→maps-s在请辅音后发[s]音day→days girl→girls -s在元音私浊畏音后发[z]以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词在词尾加-es bus →busesbox→boxeswatch→watchesfish→fisheses发[iz]音以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为I再加-es family→familiesfactory→factoriesparty→parties-ies发[iz]音以f或fe 结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-es knife→kniveslife→liveswife→wiveshalf→halves-ves发[vz]音以o结尾的词,有生命的在词尾加-es potato→potatoestomato→tomatoeshero→heroes-es发[z]音2.不规则变化a.常见的有:man-men, foot-feet, mouse-mice, child-children, woman-women, tooth-teeth…b. 单复数同型: deer fish sheep Chinese Japanesec. 有些名词通常只有复数形式,谓语动词也用复数,这些名词有:glasses, clothes, trousers…d. 表示“某国人”的名词单复数变化如下:(中日友好永不变)a Chinese---two Chinese; a Japanese--- four Japanese(英法联盟a变e)an English--- eight Englishmen; an Frenchman---nine Frenchmen(其他后面加s) a German---five GermansB.不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词)一般用单数形式。
初中英语语法名词基础知识运用---名词
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9.表示时间,距离,国家,城市等无生命的名词,也可以在词尾加-s或“'” 来构成所有格。如: (1)用于时间 an hour’s ride 骑车一小时的路程 two weeks's time 两个星期的时间 (2)用于度量 thirteen tons' weight 13吨的重量 five hundred metres' distance 五百米的距离 (3)用于价值 a hundred yuan's order 一百元的订货单 a hunderd pounds' note 一百英镑的钞票
专项练习题
1.Look!There is a __________.We can get on the bus there.
A.station
B.building C.house D.office
2.The chicken tasted delicious,because Mom tried out a new
(二)名词的数
1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种: (1)一般情况下,在词尾-s。
book---books dog---dogs pen---pens boy---boys
其中,以清辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音是/s/
以浊辅音和元音结尾的名词后的s的读音是/z/。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词变复数时,要在词尾-es。
_______of cooking.
A.method B.task
C.level D.goal
3.I can't get on well with my friends.Could you give me some
________?
初中英语语法——名词
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名词名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。
根据其词汇意义,名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。
1. 专有名词:指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称。
专有名词的首字母通常要大写。
具体说来,它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。
如:Jim 吉姆 China 中国 July 七Friday 星期五Christmas 圣诞节English 英语2. 普通名词:指表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词。
具体地说,它可分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
其中个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体,如girl(女孩)等;集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如audience(观众,听众)等;物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物,如water(水)等;抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如work(工作),happiness(幸福)等。
Part 1 名词的数1 名词复数的构成方法(1) 一般情况加词尾-s,如book / books, desk / desks等。
(2) 以s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词,通常加词尾-es:bus / buses, box / boxes, dish / dishes 等。
(3) 以y 结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将y 改为ies , city / cities;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾-s:, toy / toys, holiday / holidays 等。
(4) 以o 结尾的名词,有些加词尾-s,有些加-es 如piano/pianos tomato/tomatoes(5) 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,也有两种可能:即有些直接加词尾-s,有些则把f / fe 改为ves:roof / roofs(屋顶),knife / knives(小刀)等。
但在中学英语范围内,要改f / fe 为ves 的只有以下10个词(它们都是日常生活中的常用词):wife(妻子),life(生命),knife(小刀),leaf(树叶),thief(贼),half(一半),self(自己),shelf(架子),loaf(面包),wolf(狼)。
初中英语语法之名词
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初中英语语法之名词一、名词的分类:名词分为专有名词和普通名词。
1、专有名词:个人,地方,机构等专有名称,如:China, Shanghai, Li lei等。
专有名词的首字母通常要大写。
具体说来,它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。
如:Jim 吉姆 China 中国 July 七Friday 星期五Christmas 圣诞节English 英语2、普通名词:指表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词。
1)个体名词:某类人或东西中的个体,如fighter, gun, country,cup, desk, student等。
一般可数,有单复数形式。
2)集体名词:若干个体组成的集合体,如family, team, police, class等。
一般可数,有单复数形式3)物质名词:无法分为个体的实物,如cotton,tea, air等。
一般不可数,没有单复数之分。
4)抽象名词:动作, 状态, 品质, 感情等抽象概念. 如health, happiness,love, work, life等。
一般不可数,没有单复数之分。
二、名词的数:可数名词都有单数和复数之分;不可数名词没有复数形式。
【重点】1、规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:1)一般情况加–s :books,mouths,houses,girls等。
2)以s,sh,ch,x结尾的加–es:classes,boxes,matches等。
3)辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为ies:cities,countries,parties,factories等。
4)以o 结尾的词+es:heroes,Negroes,tomatoes,potatoes等。
以o 结尾+s:radios,zoos,bamboos,pianos,kilos,photos等。
5)以f,fe 结尾的多数+es:leaves,lives,wives,knives,halves,wolves等。
初中英语语法—名词(共34张PPT)
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①复数形式体现在主体词上。 looker-on → lookers-on (旁观者) Sister-in-law → sisters-in-law(嫂 子) runner-up → runners-up(亚军)
不可数名词
1.不可数名词一般没有复数形式。物 质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词, 虽然无复数形式,但可以将其“量 化”。如:much water , a bottle of orange , two kilos of meat 等。 修饰不可数名词的词和短语有 much , little , a little , a bit of等。
可数名词的复数形式
①以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加–es;或直接加-s。如:leaf → leaves ; thief → thieves ; shelf → shelves ; reef → reefs ; roof → roofs
②以 o 结尾的名词,加 –es 或加- s。如: tomato → tomatoes ; hero → heroes ; piano → pianos ; radio → radios
疑难辨析
1.有不少名词在汉语中是可数的,在英语中 却不可数,因而不能说 a news , a bread , a cloth等。如果要表示“一”这 一概念时,就要加 a piece of 一类的词 语。
a piece of news 一则新闻
a piece of advice 一条建议
a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水
2.Neither my father nor my mother is at home. 我的父亲和母亲都不在家。
二、名词的属格和名词的转化
初中英语语法—— 名词的用法
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名词的用法【用法讲解】1. 可数名词和不可数名词:英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数形式两种形式。
可数名词的单数变为复数的规则为:1)一般情况下,在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。
如:book-books;pen-pens;eraser-erasers2)以字母x;s;ch;sh结尾的单词,其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。
如:bus-buses;box-boxes;watch-watches3)以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是把字母y变为i再加-es。
如:baby-babies;country-countries;city-cities注意:如果是以元音字母+y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。
如:boy-boys;toy-toys4)以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。
如:wife-wives;leaf-leaves;knife-knives5)以字母o结尾的可数名词,其复数形式一般加-s,或-es。
如:photo-photos,radio-radios,piano-pianos,tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes 6)一些特殊变化的复数形式。
如:man/woman-men/women;child-children;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;mouse-mice7)有些名词的单复数形式相同:如:sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese,yuan(元),jin (斤)注意:有些集体名词本身既表示单数意义又表示复数意义。
当这些名词指代一个单位、机构或被看成一个整体时,作单数形式理解;如果表示这个群体的所有成员,通常被看作复数。
常用的这类词有:class 班级;team 队(员);family 家庭/人;government 政府;group 组(员)The family is not large. 这个家庭不大。
初中英语语法名词
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初中英语语法——名词【复习要点】英语名词可以分为两大类:普通名词和专有名词。
学习英语名词,通常要掌握名词的数(单数、复数)、格(主要是所有格)等几个语法概念。
一、普通名词:普通名词根据其意义又可以分为四种:个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
1、个体名词:个体名词可以指具体的人或物,也可以指一类人或物。
例如:desk 课桌,book 书,student 学生,bird 鸟,house 房子。
个体名词有单数和复数之分。
我们在使用个体名词时,不能“拿来就用”,而应当考虑到与限定其词义的各种限定词连用。
例如:Have you found the [your] child? 你找到[你的]孩子了吗?There are many [some / about ten / no] birds in the tree. 树上有许多[有一些/有大约10只/没有]鸟。
2、集体名词:集体名词是指由个体组成的集合体,使用时视为复数名词。
family 家庭,team 团队,police 警方,people 人民。
例如:There are a lot of people on the playground. 操场上有许多人。
The police have caught the head of the gang. 警察抓住了团伙的头目。
有时,一个名词可以用作个体名词,也可用作集体名词,视具体情况而定。
例如: His family is not poor any more. 他家再也不穷了。
I hope your family are quite well. 我希望你的家人身体都很好。
3、物质名词:物质名词是指那些不能分成个体的物质,例如:water 水,bread 面包,metal 金属,cotton 棉花,silk (蚕)丝,rain 雨,air 空气。
使用物质名词,不可以和数词、不定冠词等表示可数概念的限定词连用,也不可能有复数形式。
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名词
一名词的意义和种类
1.名词意义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。
如:
Shanghai, Lilei, desk
2.名词的种类:
A.专有名词:表示某个人,地方机构等专有的名称,如人名、月份、日期、地名等。
注意:专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。
专有名词前一般不加冠词。
如:Jim, June, China, Harbin.
注意:(1)第一个字母要大写;
(2)专有名词前不加冠词,也没有复数。
B.普通名词:表示某人或者某事物的名称。
(1)个体名词:表单个的人或者事物。
如:boy, teacher, apple…
(2)集体名词:表一群人或一些事物的总称。
如:
family, people, police, class…
(3)物质名词:表无法分为个体的物质。
如:
water, money, sea…
(4)抽象名词:表抽象概念的词。
如:health, friendship…
二名词的数
A.可数名词(个体名词和集体名词):有单复数之分
a.常见的有:man-men, foot-feet, mouse-mice, child-children, woman-women, tooth-teeth…
b. 单复数同型: deer fish sheep Chinese Japanese
c. 有些名词通常只有复数形式,谓语动词也用复数,
这些名词有:glasses, clothes, trousers…
d. 表示“某国人”的名词单复数变化如下:
(中日友好永不变)
a Chinese---two Chinese; a Japanese--- four Japanese
(英法联盟a变e)
an English--- eight Englishmen; an Frenchman---nine Frenchmen
(其他后面加s) a German---five Germans
B.不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词)一般用单数形式。
1.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下。
a. 常见的不可数名词有:water,rice,fish,meat,等。
应特别记
medicine, news, work, homework, housework, money, chalk, weather, cotton, wood.
b.表不定数量时,一般用much,(a)little, a lot of/lots of,some,any等词修饰。
e.g. much money, a little bread
c.常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。
如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义,bread仍为不可
数名词,不加s,而piece则可加s。
即:two pieces of bread
a piece of news 一条新闻
two cups of tea 两杯茶
three glasses of water 三杯水
a cup of tea 一杯茶
a glass of water 一杯水
two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶
d.表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。
如:
two/three/…+量词复数十of+不可数名词。
e.g.
a bag of rice,
two glasses of milk,
four bottles of water
2.不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数。
如:
Some bread__________over there.(be)
3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。
e.g:
fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类;
sand沙——sands沙滩;
orange橘汁——an orange橘子;
glass玻璃——a glass玻璃杯, glasses眼镜;
paper纸——a paper试卷、论文;
wood木头——a wood小森林;
room空间、余地——a room房间
4.可修饰名词的常用词:
a.修饰可数名词与不可数名词:
some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of
b.修饰可数名词的有:many, (a)few, a large (great) number of
c.只修饰不可数名词的有:much, (a)little, a great deal of
三.复合名词的复数变化规则
man和woman都要变,women's day
girl和boy却不变
四.名词的格
A. 有生命的名词所有格:
1、名词+’s
例:汤姆的姐姐Tom’s sister;孩子们的书包children’s schoolbags
2、以s结尾+’
例:教师办公室
teachers’office
3、's 属格常表示有生命的东西,但也可表示无生命的东西
如:①:表示时间
a day's journey 一天的旅程
②:自然现象
the moon's rays 月光
③:表国家,城市等实体
the city's parks 城市的公园
B.无生命的名词所有格:一般用of短语构成词组。
如:①:用于无生命的东西the subject of the sentence 句子的主语
②:用于名词化的词the livelihood of the poor
穷人的生计
③:修饰语比较多的时候
the very long and graceful tail of the old black cat 老黑猫又长又美的尾巴
县官行令色国才(限定词+外观的词+形状+年龄大小+颜色+国籍词+材料)1.This _____ girl is Linda’s cousin.
A.pretty little Spanish
B.Spanish little pretty
C.Spanish pretty little
D.little pretty Spanish
2.John Smith,a successful business man,has a ______ car.
rge German white
rge white German
C.white large German
D.German large white
C.省略’s后的名词时,常代指“家、工作场所”,例:在诊所at the doctors,
在外婆家at my grandmother’s
D.共有的格,后面名词+’s:Joan和Jane的房间(共一间)Joan and Jane’s room
E.各有的格,每个名词+’s:Joan和Jane的房间(每人一间)
Joan’s and Jane’s rooms
★五
名词作主语时谓语动词数的变化
一般情况下名词为单数,谓语动词则用单数;名词为复数,谓语动词则用复数.看下面的特殊情况:
A. family, team, police, crowd, class等集体名词,
1.指一些人时,接谓语动词的复数形式:
His family are having dinner.
2.作整体意义看待时,接谓语动词的单数形式: His family is a happy one.
B. 度量、距离、金额或时间等名词作主语时,接谓语动词的单数形式: Two days’rest is not enough.
C. 用and连接两个以上的单数名词时,谓语动词要用复数。
如and连接的两个名词是指明同一个概念时谓语动词则用单数。
(1)The doctor and the writer are both from Italy.
(2)The doctor and writer is going to give a speech.
D. 在there be, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…
句型中,谓语动词采取就近原则。
例:Either you or he is going to buy the book.。