10吨螺杆压力机设计说明书
螺杆机使用说明书DOC
LGD(185～280)/347系列、LGFD(185～280)/337系列固定式喷油螺杆压缩机使用说明书无锡压缩机股份有限公司2008年2月非常感谢您选用无锡压缩机股份有限公司的产品，祝您事业成功！尊敬的用户：您好！非常感谢您购买本公司产品！我们竭诚为您提供优质服务。
有关安装、操作、保养和技术等方面的详细内容，请参阅本书的有关章节。
本说明书叙述如何操作使用LGD(185～280)/347系列、LGFD(185～280)/337系列低噪声喷油螺杆压缩机。
在安装压缩机之前，应仔细阅读本说明书。
在充分了解了机组安装要求后，方可对机组进行正确安装和使用。
这对于延长压缩机的使用寿命并使压缩机处于良好的工作状态是极为重要的。
若用户没有严格按说明书的要求安装，将影响压缩机的运转工况和使用寿命，由此将给您带来一定的经济损失。
前言1、本书须与LGD(185～280)/347系列、LGFD(185～280)/337系列仪控说明书配合使用。
注：水冷压缩机参照LGD(185～280)/347系列水冷仪控说明书风冷压缩机参照LGFD(185～280)/337系列风冷仪控说明书2、本说明书阐述了压缩机的正确使用方法，以确保安全、经济地运行压缩机，并延长其工作寿命。
3、机器投入运行前应仔细阅读本说明书，以保证压缩机从一开始就得到正确的使用、操作和维护。
维护要求中包括了使压缩机保持良好状态的措施。
4、操作人员应随时查阅本说明书，并应严格按其所提要求做好使用和保养工作，作好运转时间，保养效果，油耗量，修理项目及内容等记录。
5、本机切不可反转！正确的旋转方向：压缩机接筒中联轴器的转向必须与接筒所示箭头方向一致。
如果不检查压缩机的旋转方向是否正确，将产生十分严重的后果！！！6、压缩机采用“锡压”牌螺杆压缩机专用油。
贮放和添加润滑油时，必须使用专一工具。
严禁使用其它品牌的润滑油或不同种类润滑油混用。
（本公司下属油品公司提供纯正“锡压”牌螺杆压缩机专用油，其它途径的润滑油不能保证油的品质，由此引起压缩机的故障，其后果和责任由用户承担）。
10 吨液压机操作与维护说明说明书
MAINTE OPERATING & MAINTENANCE10 TONHYDRAULIC PRESSModel Nos. CSA10F and CSA10B0200Thank you for purchasing this CLARKE 10 Ton Hydraulic Press.Please read this manual thoroughly and follow the instructions carefully, in doing so you will ensure the safety of yourself and that of others around you, and you can look forward to the press giving you long and satisfactory service.Please note that this manual is an integral part of the Hydraulic Press and must always accompany it, even in the event of sale.The press owner and/or user must read and fully understand the operating instructions and recommendations before using this press.CLARKE International shall not be held liable to any damage to persons or equipment due to improper or non-permitted use of the press.This CLARKE product is guaranteed against faulty manufacture for a period of 12 months from the date of purchase. Please keep your receipt as proof of purchase. This guarantee is invalid if the product is found to have been abused or tampered with in any way, or not used for the purpose for which it was intended.Faulty goods should be returned to their place of purchase, no product can be returned to us without prior permission. This guarantee does not effect your statutory rights.•During assembly or if the press is moved, ALWAYS use a lifting appliance -crane or hoist etc., do not man handle.•The press MUST BE located on firm level ground, or a sturdy workbench, with adequate light. The operator must never work in his/her own shadow.•Before applying a load, be certain that all press bed support pins are fully engaged, and the hydraulic ram is fully located into the ram mount. Ensure also that hydraulic hoses and couplings are completely sound.•Before use always ensure the workpiece is firmly secure and stable.•Always clean spills of hydraulic oil immediately as this can be extremely dangerous in a workshop environment.•Do not exceed the rated capacity.•Do not allow any person, who is inexperienced in the use of hydraulic presses, to use the machine unless they are under direct supervision.•Do not allow anyone to work directly in front of the machine when it is in use.•Never tamper with the machine. The safety valve is calibrated and sealed at the factory, do not attempt to change these settings.•Use ONLY the recommended hydraulic oil.•Never use the machine for any purpose other than that for which it is designed.•Components of this press are specially designed to withstand the rated capacity. Do not substitute bolts, pins, or any other components.•Always apply the load on the centre of ram plunger. Offset loads can damage the ram or ram mount and may cause work piece to eject.•Before operating, check for signs of cracked welds, bent bed pins, loose or missing bolts, or any other structural damage. Do not operate if any of these conditions exist. Have repairs made only by authorised service centres.•Remove all loads from press bed before attempting to adjust bed height.Beware of possible falling bed.•Press only on a work piece supported by the press bed.•When using accessories such as arbor plates, be certain they are centered on press bed, and are in full contact with the bed.•Parts being pressed may splinter, shatter, or be ejected from the press. Due to varied applications, it is your responsibility to always use adequate guards, wear eye protection and heavy protective clothing when operating this press.•Keep hands and fingers out of the press and away from the parts that may pinch and shift.•It is the owners responsibility to keep warning decals legible and intact.Replacement decals may be obtained from Clarke International Spare Parts Dep’t.•Failure to heed these warnings may result in damage to the equipment, or failure resulting in property damage, personal, or even fatal injury.•NEVER operate the ram without the bed locating pins fully in place.•DO NOT use extension tubes on the pump handle. Excessive effort can cause severe damage.A.CSA10FFig.1 Ensure the press and its components Array suffered no damage during transit.Should any damage be apparent,contact your Clarke dealerimmediately.1.Attach the feet and foot strutsto the side supports using thenuts, bolts and washersprovided, leaving them fingertight.2.Raise the assembly and rock itto ensure that no part is understress and that the structure iscompletely stable beforetightening all nuts securely.3.Feed the ram assembly downthrough the hole in the topplate and screw it fully into thethreaded hole in the bottomplate. The pressure gauge atthis point should be facing thefront.4.Attach the pump assembly tothe frame by hooking the frontedge into the recess in oneend of the pump platform andsecuring at the opposite endwith the screws provided.Finally, screw on the hoseassembly to the ram inlet.Your Hydraulic Press is now readyfor use.B.CSA10BFig.2 1.Bolt the feet to the sidemembers using the nutsbolts and washers provided.2.Bolt on the top and bottomplates in the manner shownin fig. 2 , ensuring the bottomplate is that with thethreaded hole at its centre.Do not fully tighten the nuts.3.Feed the ram assemblydown through the hole inthe top plate and screw itfully into the threaded holein the bottom plate. Thepressure gauge at this pointshould be facing the front.Centralise the ram betweenthe top rails beforetightening the securing boltsIt is strongly recommended thatthe Bench Press be securelybolted to a sturdy workbenchThe pump is provided with handwheel , which opens or closes a valve in the pump to raise the ram or lower it under pressure.Turn the handwheel clockwise and pump the handle to operate (or lower) the ram. Turning the handwheel anticlockwise releases the pressure and the ram will rise.1.Position the bed to the desired height, so as it will be as close as possible to theram when the workpiece is mounted.Raise one side of the bed, and insert a pin into a locating hole directlybeneath the bed. Repeat the process at the other side, until the bed is level and at the desired height, with the pins fully ‘home’.2.The workpiece is placed on top of the bed, or on top of the arbour, or cloverleaf, plate and must be completely stable. To achieve this you must use packing or shims where required.NOTE: Any packing pieces or shims used, MUST be capable of withstanding the extreme pressure that will be brought to bear, and MUST be of sufficient size with sufficient surface contact, so as to avoid the possibility of slipping or springing taking place. Mating surfaces MUST be horizontal so that the force being exerted will be vertical and NOT at an angle.3.Two Mandrels are provided, either of which should be screwed to the end ofthe Ram, depending upon the size of workpiece bearing surface. One of these is ‘stepped’ and is shown fitted at B1, Figs.1 and 2. The other has a larger bearing surface area and is shown at B2.3.Turn the Pump Handwheel, fully clockwise and pump the handle to bring theram very lightly into contact with the workpiece.Manoeuvre the workpiece so that the desired point of contact is directly beneath the centre of the ram.4.When satisfied that the workpiece is correctly lined up and is completelystable in that position, slowly pump the handle so that the ram begins to exert pressure on the workpiece.Continue to pump the handle, whilst standing to the side of the press (DO NOT stand directly in front of the work), and constantly monitor the process, ensuring the ram and work remain completely in line, and there is no risk of slipping.5.When the process is complete, turn the Pump Handwheel anticlockwise torelease ram pressureA Visual inspection must be made before each use of the press, checking for leaking hydraulic fluid, and damaged, loose or missing parts.Owners and/or users should be aware that repair of this equipment may require specialised knowledge and facilities. It is recommended that a thorough annual inspection of the press be made and that any defective parts, decals or warning labels be replaced with genuine Clarke parts.Any press which appears to be damaged in any way, is found to be badly worn, or operates abnormally SHOULD BE REMOVED FROM SERVICE until necessary repairs are made.•Periodically check the press frame to make sure all bolts are tight and inspect for cracked welds, bent, loose or missing parts.•Periodically check the hydraulic connections for possible leaks. Replace or properly repair damaged or leaking hydraulic components before using.•Periodically apply a light smear of oil to the moving parts and the bed support pins.•If oil leaks, caused by a loose union/connection etc., have been repaired, check the hydraulic pump oil level, by removing the pump from its mounting, holding it vertically on its nose, and removing the filler/dipstick, shown at ‘A’, Fig.1. Top up if necessary to the level on the dipstick, with CLARKE Hydraulic Oil, Part No. 3050830 only.This operation is carried out with the ram fully retracted.•Replace the Hydraulic oil every TWO years. This operation requires the dismantling of the hydraulic system, for which you should consult your CLARKE dealer.CSA10F - Part No. 7613010CSA10B - Part No. 761400011。
10吨锻压机安装使用说明书
10吨锻压机使用说明书目录1．锻压机的用途 (1)2．锻压机的主要技术参数 (1)3．锻压机的本体结构说明 (2)4．锻压机的液压操纵系统说明 (4)5．锻压机的电气部分说明 (5)6．锻压机的安装 (5)7．锻压机的试车 (7)8．锻压机的操作 (8)9．锻压机的保养与维护 (9)10．禁忌事项 (9)---Ⅰ---1. 油压机的用途该压机适用于压制XX的专用设备。
2. 主要技术参数：2.1压机结构形式：2.2传动方式：2.3公称力：2.4液体工作压力：2.5下横梁上平面有效工作面：2000mmX900mm (左右X前后)2.6立柱中心距：2400mmX1220mm (左右X前后)2.7活动横梁最大行程：500mm2.8 活动横梁下平面与下横梁上平面最大净空距：1000mm2.9活动横梁移动速度：a．空程下降：mm/s (Max)b．工作速度：mm/s （Max）c．回程速度：2.10工作台面标高：地上mm.。
2.11工作台尺寸：mm （长X宽X高）2.12压机主机本体轮廓尺寸：．a．长X宽：mmb．地上高度：mmc．地下深度：mm2.13压机装机总容量：Kw2.14压机总质量：≈kg3. 压机的本体结构说明：3.1本体3.1.1机身部分3.1.2工作缸部分：3.1.3横梁部分：3.1.4工作台部分：4. 油压机的液压操纵系统说明：4.1液压站介绍：压机的液压操纵是由高压油泵直接传动的，详见操纵系统图。
该压机系统工作压力为20MP，动力源为北京华德液压泵厂引进德国技术生产的A2F107R2P3型斜轴式柱塞泵，电机为Y250M-4型电机，这种泵容积效率高，密封性能好，使用寿命长，高压大流量，是目前国内同类产品中可靠性比较高的产品。
主缸充液阀控制油泵采用上海启东高压油泵总厂生产的轴向柱塞泵10MCY14-1B。
该压机系统液压阀采用上海引进德国力士乐技术许可证生产的二通式插装阀，该阀体积小，重量轻，通流量大，密封性能好，利于集成叠加，减少管道及压力损失，并且动作可靠，外关整齐美观，便于安装维护和元件的更换，抗污染能力较强。
螺旋起重器设计计算说明书
螺旋起重器设计计算说明书专业班级学生姓名学号指导教师2010.11.10目录1、数据--------------------------------------------------------------------------32、螺旋副设计-----------------------------------------------------------33、旋副自锁性验算和传动效率计算--------------54、螺强度校核-----------------------------------------------------------55、螺杆稳定性校核-------------------------------------------------66、螺母设计----------------------------------------------------------------77、托杯设计----------------------------------------------------------------88、手柄设计计算------------------------------------------------------89、底座设计----------------------------------------------------------------910、参考文献-------------------------------------------------------------10设计题目及要求一、设计题目：螺旋起重器二、原始数据：三、设计步骤1、选择螺杆、螺母、托杯等各零件材料。
2、计算螺杆、螺母的主要参数及其他尺寸。
3、检验稳定性和自锁性。
4、计算手柄的截面尺寸和长度。
5、绘制装配图，标注有关尺寸，填写标题栏、零件明细表及技术要求。
杰克工业扳手10吨手泵操作维护手册说明书
1125 Industrial Court Benton Harbor MI 49022Toll free 1-800-535-2257 PH 269-925-7777 Fax 269-925-6656OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SHEET FOR 5120-00-595-8388 JACK KIT, HYDRAULIC HAND 10 TON Hand Pump— 5-52015RAMPUMPCAUTION:Be sure to use a dust cap to protect against dirtentering ram half of coupler when ram is disconnected A box-end or socket wrench must be used when assembling the ram half of the quick coupler to the ram. The coupler may be damaged beyond repair by using an open-end wrench. It is also recommended that Teflon Tape be used on all pipe threads.CAREFULLY READ AND FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONSOUTLINED IN THE FOLLOWING SHEETS AHMAINTENANCE:AIRBOUND — If the pumpmisses strokes and the ramoperates erratically, it has be-come airbound. This can oc-cur during shipment or by leav-ing the release valve open foran extended period of time. Toeliminate airbind, position thepump horizontally, or vertically with the hose end down, andlocate the ram lower than the pump. Then fully extend andretract the ram two or three times.REFILLING— If the above problem is not corrected with theprocedure described, the pump may require additional oil.Refill the pump as follows: (1) position the pump horizontally,(2) fully retract the ram, (3) remove the filler screw, (4) add oil until level with the bottom of the hole, (5) close release, (6)pump the ram out fully and retract it to bleed the line of air.(see above section—AIRBIND) and (7) recheck the oil leveland replace the filler screw.On 10 ton pumps; filler screw is located on the front face of thepump base casting.CAUTION– No hydraulic brake fluid nor any fluid with an alcohol base should be used when refilling.AVOID OVERLOADING THE RAM— Know the capacity ofyour ram and never exceed it. A broken cup, bent plunger or cracked cylinder may result from overloading.AVOID EXCESSIVE OFF-CENTER LOADS—Off-center loads can not be avoided when using to lift. Whenever employing any of these attachments, carefully observe the effect with incremental increases of force.CAUTION : Since off-centerloads contribute additional strain on the ram plunger and duallock extensions, excessive off-center loads must be avoided. Ifpumping becomesabnormally difficult, stop immediately and check alignment.AVOID OVER EXTENDING THE RAM— Be careful to avoid over extending the plunger. It is possible to force the plunger out of the ram due to the enormous hydraulic power available.AVOID DROPPING HEAVY OBJECTS ON THE HOSE —Heavy objects dropped on the at the point of impact. Internal wires, which strengthen the hose will tend to bend at thispoint and eventually break. Avoid carrying the hydraulic pump by the hose. Also avoid sharp kinks in the hydraulic hose.Never apply pressure when the hose is swung in sharp curves.Your hydraulic hose will last longer with proper care.AVOID STRIPPING THREADS— Any time threads at the top of the ram plunger or on theram cylinder are not connected, protect themwith a head attachment or protector ring. Ifthreads become damaged, carefully file themuntil an exact fit is obtained.AVOID CROWDING –Provide adequateclearance for the hose and quick coupler to avoid unexpectedcrowding when the ram is ex-tended. Keep clear of obstruc-tions whenever possible. AVOID CLOGGED OIL LINES — Wheneverdisconnecting the quick coupler, always thread dust caps over the open connections. Always clean the hose and end of the coupler before inserting it into the ram portion. This will help guard against the entrance of dirt and foreign matter into the pressure line and prevent possible failure of the hydraulic pump and ram packing.AVOID THE PROXIMITY OF HEAT—Excessive heat contributes to soft packings, oil leakage andrapid deterioration of the hose.GENERAL INSTRUCTIONSTo assure long and dependable performance of your hydraulic tools, the following precautions should be observed:1. Be sure that all units are wiped clean before and afterusing. A light grade of oil should be used on moving parts to prevent rusting and prolong life.2. Load should be centered before applying pressure to prevent bending ram from side strain.3. Make sure that all attachments are fully tightened.4. When not in use, ram and pump piston should be fullyretracted and release valve closed. Connecting openingsto tools should be plugged to prevent entrance offoreign matter.5. Refill only with recommended hydraulic jack oil.OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Attach hose from pump to ram and position as shown in illustration. Ram may be in either a horizontal or vertical position with connection up. Pump must be above level of ram as shown. Pump ram to fully extended position and release. Close release when ram is fully retracted and units are ready for use. Spreader should be positioned with connection up.PAGE 2 OF 45-52015Hand PumpFAILURE TO OPERATEThere are times when one or more simple conditions exist that could prevent satisfactory operation of your power tools.1. Airbound —Extend and retract ram several times asshown under operating instructions.2. Will not hold load —(a) Release may not be tightenough. (b) Packing may be damaged and need replacing.3. Foreign matter under valve balls or valves sticking - See Airbound. If this action does not correct condition, oil should be drained, unit flushed with kerosene, and refilled. Valve balls and seats should be examined for defects.4. Leakage —Tighten packing nut at pump piston if leaking. Replace “U” packing set if leak continues. On rams replace seals using repair kit. (5-574)ATTACHMENTS: The attachments shall safely withstand direct (concentric) loads of 10,000 lbs, and indirect (offset) loads of 4,000 pounds per Government specs A-A-313.WARNINGA. THIS DEVICE IS A LIFTING DEVICE ONLY. THE LOAD SHALL BE SUPPORTED IMMEDIATELY BY OTHER APPROPRIATE MEANS.B.DO NOT OVERLOAD. OVERLOADING CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO OR FAILURE OF THE JACK.C. LIFT ONLY ON AREAS OF THE VEHICLE AS SPECIFIED BY THEVEHICLE MANUFACTURERD. THIS JACK IS DESIGNED FOR USE ONLY ON HARD, LEVELSURFACES CAPABLE OF SUSTAINING THE LOAD. USE ON OTHER THAN HARD, LEVEL SURFACES CAN RESULT IN JACK INSTABILITY AND POSSIBLE LOSS OF LOAD.E. FAILURE TO HEED THESE WARNINGS MAY RESULT IN LOSSOF LOAD, DAMAGE TO THE JACK, AND/OR FAILURE RESULT-ING IN PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE.PAGE 3 OF 4HOOK-UP ASSEMBLYFor maximum safety always use lock pins with adapters and connectors. During assembly be sure to fully hand tighten allconnections. Attachments may be threaded to the top of the plunger or to the top or bottom of the ram cylinder. When using extensions, locate a tube connectors between two extensions or locate an adapter (male or female as required) between an extension and the ram.CAUTION—Using any fitting other than high-pressure forged fittings especially designed to withstand the hydraulic pressures involved is extremely hazardous.RAM KIT 5-574** ITEMS IN SEAL KIT***TO DISASSEMBLE 1. Pump out and remove roll pin (10-11691). 2. Release pressure and allow ram to return 3. Place unit in vise and pull out ram plug (13-11690). 4. Hold spring out and disconnect from plug. 5. Remove head (13-11447) and ram. 6. Replace worn parts and reassemble in reverse order. PAGE 4 OF 4。
螺旋起重器设计说明书
重庆大学螺旋起重器设计计算说明书题目: 螺旋起重器学院: 机械工程学院班级: 机自04班姓名: 王正学号: 20122266题目:设计螺旋起重器设计原始数据：起重量30, 最大起重高度L=200mm。
F kN工作内容：1、详细设计计算（参考8.1.5节）；2、完成全部零件的3维实体建模和装配；3、绘制装配图一张。
目录第一章螺杆的设计与计算 (3)1-1 螺杆螺纹类型的选择 (3)1-2 选取螺杆材料 (3)1-3 确定螺杆直径 (3)1-4 自锁验算 (4)1-5 结构 (4)1-6 螺杆强度校核 (5)1-7 稳定性计算 (5)第二章螺母设计与计算 (7)2-1 选取螺母材料 (7)2-2 确定螺母高度H及螺纹工作圈数u (8)2-3 校核螺纹牙强度 (8)2-4 安装要求 (9)第三章托杯的设计与计算 (9)3-1 托杯的尺寸计算 (9)第四章手柄设计与计算 (10)4-1手柄材料 (10)4-2 手柄长度L (11)pd (11)4-3 手柄直径p第五章底座设计 (12)5-1 底座设计与计算 (12)第一章 螺杆的设计与计算1-1 螺杆螺纹类型的选择螺纹有矩形、梯形与锯齿形，常用的是梯形螺纹。
梯形螺纹牙型为等腰梯形，牙形角30α=，梯形螺纹的内外螺纹以锥面贴紧不易松动。
矩形螺纹牙根强度低，锯齿形螺纹牙型不为等腰梯形，加工成本高。
从实用性考虑，故选梯形螺纹，它的基本牙型按GB5796.3—86的规定。
1-2 选取螺杆材料考虑到千斤顶转速较低，单个作用面受力不大，螺杆材料常用Q235、Q275、40、45、55等。
此处选最常用的45钢。
1-3 确定螺杆直径按耐磨性条件确定螺杆中径2d 。
求出2d 后，按标准选取相应公称直径d 、螺距P 及其它尺寸。
根据规定，对于整体螺母，由于磨损后不能调整间隙，为使受力比较均匀，螺纹工作圈数不宜过多，故取ϕ=1.2~2.5，此处2φ=。
螺杆——螺母材料分别为钢——青铜，滑动速度为低速，得许用应力[]p 为18~25MPa 。
「10t桥式起重机毕业设计计算说明书」
确定机构传动方案寸;4）综合考虑二者的关系和完成各部分的设计。
大车运行机构的传动方案,基本分两类，即:分别传动和集中传动。
在桥式起重机常用的跨度（10．5～３2m)范围内，均可用分别传动的方案。
若采用集中传动时,对于大跨度(≥16.5ｍ），宜采用高速集中传动方案,而对于小跨度(≤1３.5m），可采用低速集中传动方案。
分别驱动省去了中间部分的传动轴，使得质量减轻，尺寸减小。
分别驱动的结构不因主梁的变形而在大车传动性机能方面受到影响,从而保证了运行机构多方面的可靠性。
所以,大车运行机构采用分别驱动。
大车运行系统的传动原理。
动力由电动机发出,经制动轮联轴器,补偿轴和半齿联轴器将动力传递给减速器的高速轴端，并经减速器把电动机的高转数降低到所需要的转数之后,由低速轴传出,又经全齿联轴器把动力传递给大车的主动车轮组，从而带动了大车主动车轮的旋转，完成桥架纵行吊运重物的目的。
大车两端的驱动机构是一样的。
对大车运行机构的设计基本要求是：1）机构要紧凑，重量要轻;2）和桥架的配合要合适,这样,桥架容易设计，机构好布置，并且使走台不致过大；3）尽量减轻主梁的扭转载荷，不影响桥架的刚度;4）维护检修方便,机构布置合理,使司机上下走台方便，便于装拆零件及操作。
跨度22.5m为中等跨度,为减轻重量,决定采用电动机与减速器间、减速器与车轮间均有浮动轴的布置传动方案如图３-1所示。
图３-1 分别传动大车运行机构布置图1－电动机；２－制动器；３-带制动轮的半齿轮联轴器；4－浮动轴;5-半齿联轴器;６－减速器;7-车轮3.2选择车轮与轨道，并验算其强度 按图３-2所示的重量分布,计算大车车轮的最大轮压和最小轮压 图3-2 轮压计算图满载时,最大轮压： ）（1-3 t 65.112015.2224104424e 24xc xc max =-⨯++-=-⋅++-=L L G Q G G P空载时,最大轮压:）（2-3 t 9.65.2215.22244424124xc xc max =-⋅+-=-⋅+-='L L G G G P空载时，最小轮压: ）（3-3 t 1.55.221244424124xc xc min =⨯+-=⋅+-='L G G G P 载荷率:417.02410==G Q (３-4)由[２]中表1９-6选择车轮：当运行速度min m 90~60dc =V 时，417.0=GQ;工作类型为中级时，车轮直径mm 5000c =D ；轨道为Qu7０的许用轮压为18.9t,故可用:疲劳计算时的等效载荷：t 65.11max =Pt 9.6max='Pt 10.5min='P417.0=GQm加筋板的布置尺寸m m11168211002h1=⨯+=+=δH（4-2)同理，主梁支承截面的腹板高度取mm600h=,这时支承截面的实际高度mm6162h1=+=δH。
SPX 9104B 和 9110B 型号的 4 吨和 10 吨容量的水力杆说明书
Sheet No.Rev. A, August 30, 2007© 2007 SPX CorporationForm No. 544303Parts List &Operating Instructions for:9104B 9110B9104B Max. Capacity: 4 Tons 9110B Max. Capacity: 10 Tons11Cylinder Base 21Pin31Coupling Ring 41Coupler 51Plug 61O-ring 71Cylinder 81Spring 91Seal101Nylon Gasket 111Piston Ring 121Piston Rod 131Bushing 141Ram SleeveItemNo.Qty.Description Parts List124567891011121314 1 of 4Item No.Qty.Description No. 544763 Seal Kit 61O-ring 91Seal101Nylon Gasket 111Piston Ring No. 544790 Spring Kit21Pin 61O-ring 81Spring No. 544791 Ram Kit61O-ring 91Seal101Nylon Gasket 111Piston Ring 121Piston RodNo. 544793 Ram Sleeve Kit 141Ram SleeveNo. 544794 Cylinder Kit61O-ring 71Cylinder 131Bushing No. 544795 Base Kit11Cylinder Base 61O-ring No. 544788 Ram Half Coupler Kit31Coupling Ring 41Coupler 51PlugItem No.Qty.Description Replacement KitsSPX Corporation655 Eisenhower DriveOwatonna, MN 55060-0995 USA Phone: (507) 455-7000Tech. Serv.: (800) 533-6127 Fax: (800) 955-8329Order Entry: (800) 533-6127 Fax: (800) 283-8665International Sales: (507) 455-7223 Fax: (507) 455-70639104B3Item No.Qty.DescriptionNo. 544766 Seal Kit 91Retainer 101Piston Ring 111O-ring 121Seal 161O-ring No. 544796 Spring Kit 21Pin 71Spring 161O-ring No. 544797 Ram Kit 81Retaining Ring 91Retainer 101Piston Ring 111O-ring 121Seal 131Piston Rod 161O-ringReplacement Kits11Cylinder Base 21Pin31Coupling Ring 41Coupler 51Plug 61Cylinder 71Spring81Retaining Ring 91Retainer 101Piston Ring 111O-ring 121Seal131Piston Rod 141Fasten Nut151Reinforced Ring 161O-ring171Ram SleeveItemNo.Qty.Description Parts ListNo. 544799 Ram Sleeve171Ram Sleeve No. 544801 Cylinder Kit 61Cylinder 141Fasten Nut 151Reinforced Ring 161O-ring No. 544802 Base Kit 11Cylinder Base 161O-ring No. 544788 Ram Half Coupler Kit 31Coupling Ring 41Coupler 51PlugItem No.Qty.DescriptionParts List & Operating Instructions Form No. 544303, Sheet 1 of 4, Back123456789111516171412109110B13Sheet No.Rev. A, August 30, 2007© 2007 SPX CorporationCylinderQuick CouplerHydraulic HoseGaugePumpA basic single-acting hydraulic system consists of a manual or power pump that moves the hydraulic fluid, a hydraulic hose that carries the fluid, and a cylinder or ram that the fluid moves to do a job.The cylinder, hose(s), couplings, and pump all must be rated for the same maximum operating pressure,correctly connected, and compatible with the hydraulic fluid used. An incorrectly matched system can cause the system to fail and possibly cause serious injury. If you are in doubt, consult our Tech. Services Dept. at (800)533-6127.INTRODUCTIONThese instructions are written to help you, the user, more effectively use and maintain your hydraulic cylinders.If you have any questions, call your nearest OTC distributor.Some of the information included in these instructions was selected from the ANSI B30.1 Standards and applies to the construction, installation, operation, inspection, and maintenance of the hydraulic cylinders. It is strongly recommended that you read ANSI B30.1 to answer any questions not covered in these instructions. The complete ANSI B30.1, which contains additional information, can be obtained for a nominal cost by calling the American Society of Mechanical Engineers at 1-800-843-2763.TYPICAL INSTALLATIONSince the single-acting cylinders have only one hose going to the cylinder, the cylinder can only apply force to extend its rod. The return stroke is accomplished by spring force.Parts List & Operating InstructionsForm No. 5443032 of 4WARNINGS: To prevent personal injury,•Read and understand all safety precautions and operating instructions before using this cylinder. If the operator cannot read English, operating instructions and safety precautions must be read and discussed in the operator’s native language.-Si el operador no puede leer inglés, las instrucciones de operación y las precauciones de seguridad deberán leerse y comentarse en el idioma nativo del operador.-Si l’utilisateur ne peut lire l’anglais, les instructions et les consignes de sécuritédoivent lui être expliquées dans sa langue maternelle.•Failure to follow these warnings could cause a loss of load, damage to equipment, and / or failure of equipment, which may result in personal injury or property damage.•Wear eye protection that meets ANSI Z87.1 and OSHA standards.•When extending a cylinder or ram under load, ensure the couplers or port threads have not been damaged, and they will not come in contact with any rigid obstruction. If this condition occurs, the coupler’s attaching threads may become stripped or pulled from the cylinder or ram, resulting in the release of high pressure hydraulic fluid, flying objects, and loss of load.•Avoid off-center loads that could damage the cylinder or ram and/or cause loss of load. Control the load at all times to prevent thread shearing and loss of load. Ensure everyone is clear of the load.•Before operating the pump, all hose connections must be tightened securely and leak-free—do not overtighten. Overtightening can cause premature thread failure or high pressure fittings to split at pressures lower than their rated capacities.•Should a hydraulic hose rupture, burst, or become disconnected, immediately shut off the pump and release all pressure. Never grasp a leaking pressurized hose with your hands. The force of escaping fluid could cause serious injury.•Periodically inspect the hose for wear. Do not subject the hose to potential hazards such as fire, sharp surfaces, extreme heat or cold, or heavy impact. Do not allow the hose to kink, twist, curl, crush, cut, or bend so tightly that fluid flow within the hose is blocked or reduced. These conditions could damage the hose, which could result in personal injury.•To prevent deterioration, hoses must not come in contact with corrosive materials, such as creosote-impregnated objects and some paints. Hose deterioration can result in personal injury. Consult the manufacturer before painting a hose. Never paint a coupler.•Do not use the hose to move attached equipment. Stress can damage the hose and possibly cause personal injury.•Hose material and coupler seals must be compatible with the hydraulic fluid used. Use only approved hydraulic fluid.•Appropriately rated adapters must be installed and used correctly for each application.•To prevent expelling high pressure oil into the atmosphere, do not extend the cylinder beyond the suggested maximum stroke. If this does occur, seals must be replaced.Parts List & Operating InstructionsForm No. 544303, Sheet 2 of 4, BackSheet No.Rev. A, August 30, 2007© 2007 SPX CorporationParts List & Operating Instructions Form No. 544303•Do not exceed the rated capacity of the cylinder. Excess pressure can result in personal injury.•Inspect each cylinder and coupler before each use to prevent unsafe conditions from developing. Do not use cylinders if they are damaged, altered, or in poor condition. Do not use cylinders with bent or damaged couplers or damaged port threads.•Under certain conditions, the use of an extension with a hydraulic cylinder may not be advisable and could present a dangerous condition.•Avoid pinch points or crush points that can be created by the load or parts of the cylinder.•Never use extreme heat to disassemble a hydraulic cylinder or ram. Metal fatigue and/or seal damage will result and can lead to unsafe operating conditions.This guide cannot cover every hazard or situation—use the cylinder with SAFETY FIRST.IMPORTANT:•Keep the cylinder clean at all times.•When the cylinder is not in use, keep the piston rod fully retracted and upside down.•Use an approved, high-grade pipe thread sealant to seal all hydraulic connections. Teflon tape can be used if only one layer of tape is used, and it is applied carefully (two threads back) to prevent the tape from being pinched by the coupler and broken off inside the pipe end. Any loose pieces of tape could travel through the system and obstruct the flow of fluid or cause jamming of precision-fit parts.•Use protective covers on disconnected quick couplers.•Limit the stroke on spring return cylinders to prolong spring life.Hydraulic ConnectionsRemove thread protectors or dust covers from the hydraulic ports, if applicable. Clean the areas around the fluid ports of the pump and cylinder. Inspect all threads and fittings for signs of wear or damage, and replace as needed. Clean all hose ends, couplers, and union ends. Connect all hose assemblies to the pump and e an approved, high-grade pipe sealant to seal all hydraulic connections. Tighten securely and leak-free, but do not over tighten.Hydraulic lines and fittings can act as restrictors as the cylinder or ram retracts. The restricting or slowing of the fluid flow causes back pressure that slows the cylinder’s or ram’s return. Return speed also varies because of the application, condition of the cylinder or ram, inside diameter of hose or fitting, length of the hose, and thetemperature and viscosity of the hydraulic fluid.CAUTION: Do not allow the hose to kink, twist,curl, crush, cut, or bend so tightly that the fluid flow within the hose isblocked or reduced.3 of 4Bleeding the SystemAfter all connections are made, the hydraulic system must be bled of any trapped air. Refer to the diagram below.With no load on the system, and the pump vented and positioned higher than the cylinder or ram, cycle the system several times. If you are in doubt about venting the pump, read the operating instructions for your pump.Check the reservoir for possible low fluid level and fill to correct level with approved, compatible, hydraulic fluid as necessary.IMPORTANT: Some spring return cylinders, or rams, have a cavity in the rod which forms an air pocket.This type of cylinder or ram should be bled when positioned upside down or lying on its side with the port facing upward.InspectionBefore each use, visually inspect for the following items:1.Cracked or damaged cylinder2.Excessive wear, bending, damage, or insufficient part engagement3.Leaking hydraulic fluid4.Scored or damaged piston rod5.Swivel heads and caps not functioning correctly6.Loose bolts7.Damaged or incorrectly assembled accessory equipment 8.Modified, welded, or altered equipment 9.Bent or damaged couplers or port threadsPreventive Maintenance (yearly, or sooner if the cylinder or ram condition suggests damage)—Visual examination by the operator or other designated personnel with a dated and signed equipment record.Periodic CleaningFollow these maintenance tips to keep your equipment in its best working condition:•Keep the hydraulic system, including hose connections and equipment attached to the cylinder, as free from dirt and grime as possible. Seal all unused couplers with dust covers.•Use only OTC hydraulic fluid and change as recommended, or sooner, if the fluid becomes contaminated (never exceed 300 hours).•Exposed threads (external or internal) must be cleaned and lubricated regularly, and protected from damage.•If a cylinder or ram has been exposed to rain, snow, sand, grit-laden air, or any corrosive environment, it must be cleaned, lubricated, and protected immediately after exposure.Parts List & Operating InstructionsForm No. 544303, Sheet 3 of 4, BackCylinderSheet No.Rev. A, August 30, 2007© 2007 SPX CorporationErratic actionCylinder/Ram does not moveCylinder/Ram extends only partiallyCylinder/Ram moves slower than normalCylinder/Ram moves but does not maintain pressure1.Air in system or pump cavitation.2.Internal leakage in double-acting cylinders or external leakage in single-acting cylinders.3.Cylinder sticking or binding.1.Loose couplers.2.Faulty coupler.3.Incorrect pump valve position.4.Low or no hydraulic fluid in pump reservoir.5.Air-locked pump.6.Pump not operating.7.Load is above the capacity of the system.8.Fluid leaks out of rod end relief valve (double-acting cylinders only).1.Pump reservoir is low on hydraulic fluid.2.Load is above the capacity of the system.3.Cylinder piston rod binding.1.Loose connection or coupler.2.Restricted hydraulic line or fitting.3.Pump not working correctly.4.Cylinder seals leaking.1.Leaky connection.2.Cylinder seals leaking.3.Pump or valve malfunctioning.1.Add fluid, bleed air, and check for leaks.2.Replace worn packings. Check for excessive contamination or wear. Replace contaminated fluid as necessary.3.Check for dirt or leaks. Check for bent,misaligned, worn parts or defective packings.1.Tighten couplers.2.Verify the internal coupler is not locked up (ball wedged into seat). Replace both internal and external couplers.3.Close release valve or shift to new position.4.Fill and bleed the system.5.Prime pump per pump operating instructions.6.Check pump’s operating instructions.e the correct equipment.8.Verify all couplers are fully coupled. Contact your nearest Authorized Hydraulic Service Center.1.Fill and bleed the system.e the correct equipment.3.Check for dirt or leaks. Check for bent,misaligned, worn parts or defective packings.1.Tighten.2.Clean and replace if damaged.3.Check pump operating instructions.4.Replace worn seals. Check for excessive contamination or wear.1.Clean, reseal with thread sealant and tighten connection.2.Replace worn seals. Check for excessivecontamination or wear. Replace contaminated fluid as necessary.3.Check pump or valve operating instructions.Parts List & Operating InstructionsForm No. 5443034 of 4Cylinder/Ram leaks hydraulic fluidCylinder/Ram will not retract or retracts slower than normal1.Worn or damaged seals.2.Loose connections.1.Pump release valve closed.2.Loose couplers3.Blocked hydraulic lines.4.Weak or broken retraction springs.5.Cylinder damaged internally.6.Pump reservoir too full.1.Replace worn seals. Check for excessive contamination or wear. Replace contaminated fluid as necessary.2.Clean, reseal with thread sealant and tighten connection.1.Open pump release valve.2.Tighten couplers3.Clean and flush.4.Send to service center for repair.5.Send to service center for repair.6.Drain hydraulic fluid to correct level.TroubleCauseSolutionParts List & Operating Instructions Form No. 544303, Sheet 4 of 4, BackTroubleshooting Guide Contd.。
螺旋起重器机械设计大说明书
H a r b i n I n s t i t u t e o f T e c h n o l o g y机械设计大作业说明书设计题目：螺旋起重器院系：能源科学与工程学院班级：设计者：学号：11指导教师：张峰设计时间：2015.10.18目录一、设计任务书--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2二、螺母、螺杆选材-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3三、螺杆、螺母设计计算3.1 耐磨性计算-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 3.2 螺杆强度校核--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 3.3 螺纹牙强度校核-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 3.4 螺纹副自锁条件校核----------------------------------------------------------------------------------53.5 螺杆稳定性校核-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5四、螺母外径及凸缘设计------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6五、手柄设计----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7六、底座设计----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7七、其余各部分尺寸及参数---------------------------------------------------------------------------------8八、参考资料-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9哈尔滨工业大学机械设计作业任务书设计题目：螺旋起重器是一种简单的起重装置，用手推动手柄即可提升重物。
10t起升机构计算说明书
《能力拓展训练》设计计算说明书及图纸班级：姓名：学号：参考文献：（不少于5篇）1、《起重机设计手册》，张志文等主编，中国铁道出版社，1997年版。
2、《港口起重机械》，蒋国仁主编，大连海事大学出版社，1995年版。
3、《港口起重机械》，蒋国仁主编，大连海事大学出版社，1995年版。
4、《机械设计手册软件版》，2008年版。
5、《机械设计课程设计》，第二版，唐增宝等主编，1999年版。
成绩备注：成绩等级：优（90分—100分）、良（80分—89分）、中（70分—79分）、及格（60分—69分）、60分以下为不及格。
10t起升机构设计计算说明书一、设计参数：起重量：Q=10t机构工作级别：M5JC=25%起升高度：H=15m起升速度：v=7.5m/min倍率：m=1二、起升机构传动方案1.驱动装置布置方式：此次设计采用电动机与卷筒并列布置，电动机通过标准减速器带动卷筒转动，电动机与卷筒之间使用补偿型的联轴器，用以补偿安装误差；减速器与卷筒之间有齿形接手与齿形联轴器。
卷筒采用双联形式，滑轮组倍率为1，并使用两个导向滑轮。
2.传动方案简图：传动方案简图如下：三、起升机构设计计算（一）钢丝绳及卷筒的选择1、钢丝绳选型计算：1.1、钢丝绳净拉力计算：ｄ组ηη..2m Q S i =；其中1010100Q KN =⨯=， m =1, 1η=组，0.98η=ｄ 故：310053.122110.98i S KN ==⨯⨯⨯。
1.2、钢丝绳的选型： 安全系数：n=5，破坏拉力：0553.12265.6KN i F nS ==⨯=； 钢丝绳直径：d =22mm ，22NAT6⨯19S+NF1670ZS266.0178.0GB/T8918-19962、滑轮选型计算：槽底直径：D ≥ed=20×22=440 mm , 取滑轮直径：D=450 mm ， 滑轮A22⨯450-60 JB/T 9005.3-19993.卷筒几何尺寸计算：3.1、卷筒槽底直径：(1)(181)22374D e d mm ≥-=-⨯=绳 取D= 400mm 。
螺杆设计说明书
螺杆设计说明书1. 螺杆挤出机基本参数确定1.1 螺杆区域划分及材料螺杆分为三部分：加料段，塑化段和挤出段。
机器的生产能力很大程度上取决于加料段的进料能力和挤出段的基础能力，胶料的混炼，塑炼质量则直接与塑化段的塑化能力有关。
选用38CrM0AlA。
1.2 螺杆直径本设计螺杆直径D=60mm1.3 螺杆长径比长径比是螺杆工作部分长度L与直径D之比。
L/D较大，有利于胶料的均匀混合和塑化，并可使胶料升温过程变得缓和，为提高螺杆转速提供了可能性，有利于提高产量；但L/D过大，螺杆机加工的难度也增大，功率消耗也相应增加，易焦烧，还会造成螺杆端部与机筒之间的间隙不均，严重时产生与衬套刮研，影响设备的使用和产量。
经分析，本设计选长径比为L/D=6，即L=360mm。
1.4 螺杆转速的确定螺杆转速是螺杆挤出机的重要参数，它影响挤出机的产量、功率消耗、挤出质量等方面。
（1）转速与产量的关系随着转速的增加，产量上升，在相当一段转速区间内，产量与转速成正比。
当转速过高时，产量上升速率下降，因为转速增大，胶温随之提高，喂料段摩擦力减小、挤出段的胶料粘度下降，漏流量增加，结果是喂料和挤出能力都下降，导致产量上升的速率下降。
（2）转速与功率的关系转速增加，电机功率也增加，但随转速增加的速率下降。
（3）转速与挤出压力的关系随着螺杆转速的增加，挤出压力也增加，但不十分显著。
挤出压力增加有利于提高挤出半制品的致密性。
但挤出压力过高时，会由于胶料的温升过高，破坏操作的稳定性。
（4）转速与胶料塑化、升温的关系随着螺杆转速的增加，胶料运动速度梯度增大，有利于胶料的撕裂、剪切、搅拌、塑化。
但转速过高，胶料发热量过大，当冷却不好时，易形成早期硫化。
（5）转速与电能单耗的关系挤出1kg重量胶料所消耗的功率称之电能单耗。
电能单耗与转速间的关系，视具体操作条件而定。
通常普通冷喂料挤出机螺杆转速越高，电能单耗越大，而冷喂料销钉机筒挤出机螺杆转速越高，电能单耗越小。
螺旋起重机设计说明
机械设计大作业设计题目：螺旋起重机机械与自动控制院（系）机械设计制造及其自动化专业班级：学号：学生姓名：指导教师：目录1. 设计条件 (1)2. 螺旋起重器的工作原理及其结构 (1)3. 螺杆螺纹类型的选择 (2)4. 螺杆和螺母材料 (2)5. 螺杆设计与计算 (3)5.1 确定螺杆直径 (3)5.2 自锁验算 (3)5.3 螺杆强度计算 (4)5.4 稳定性计算 (4)6. 螺母设计与计算 (5)6.1 选取螺母材料 (5)6.2 确定螺母高度及螺纹工作圈数 (5)6.3 校核螺纹牙强度 (6)6.4 螺母外径计算 (7)6.5 螺母凸缘设计 (7)7. 手柄设计与计算 (7)7.1 手柄材料 (7)7.2 手柄长度 (7)7.3 手柄直径 (8)8. 托杯设计 (8)9. 底座设计 (9)参考文献 (10)1.设计条件=30kN起重量FQ最大起重高度H=180mm2.螺旋起重器的工作原理及其结构螺旋起重器（千斤顶）是一种人力起重的简单机械，主要用于起升重物。
千斤顶一般由底座、螺杆、螺母、托杯、手柄等零件所组成。
螺杆在固定螺母中旋转，并上下升降，将托杯上的重物举起或放落。
图 2-1螺旋起重器结构3.螺杆螺纹类型的选择梯形螺纹的内外螺纹以锥面贴紧不易松动，工艺性好，牙根强度高，对中性好，所以选择梯形螺纹。
4.螺杆和螺母材料螺杆材料要有足够的强度和耐磨性，一般用45钢，再经调质处理。
查【2】，GB/T699-1999标准规定s σ =355 MPa ，由[]()3~5sσσ=，得[]35588.754s MPa MPa Sσσ===。
螺母材料除要有足够的强度外，还要求在与螺杆材料配合时摩擦系数小和耐磨，故选用ZCuSn10Pb1。
因螺杆—螺母材料为钢—青铜,查表 4-1和表 4-2得，滑动螺旋副的摩擦系数ƒ=0.08~0.10，选用09.0=f ；许用压力[]11~18p MPa =，选用[]18p MPa =。
螺旋起重器(千斤顶)设计说明书
螺旋起重器设计学院：机电工程学院专业：机械工程及自动化年级：机自班姓名：学号：0309指导老师：2011年11月1日螺旋起重器设计任务书一、作业目的1. 熟悉螺起重器顶的工作原理，设计与计算的方法；2. 运用所学的知识解决设计中所遇到的具体实际问题，培养独立工作能力，以及初步学会综合运用所学知识，解决材料的选择，强度计算和刚度计算，制造工艺与装配工艺等方面的问题；3. 熟悉有关设计资料，学会查阅手册和运用国家标准。
二、螺旋起重器的设计图1 螺旋起重器三、设计参数起重量Q(T)：16最大升距h（mm）：220m ax三、目录1、螺杆的设计与计算--------------------------------------------------------31.1螺杆螺纹类型的选择----------------------------------------------------3 1.2选取螺杆材料 ---------------------------------------------------------3 1.3确定螺杆直径 --------------------------------------------------------3 1.4自锁验算--------------------------------------------------------------3 1.5参数------------------------------------------------------------------4 1.6螺杆强度计算----------------------------------------------------------41.7稳定性计算------------------------------------------------------------42、螺母设计与计算---------------------------------------------------------52.1选取螺母材料----------------------------------------------------------5 2.2螺母的基本参数--------------------------------------------------------5 2.3确定螺母高度H及螺纹工作圈数z----------------------------------------52.4校核螺纹牙强度--------------------------------------------------------62.5安装要求--------------------------------------------------------------63、托杯的设计与计算-------------------------------------------------------64、手柄设计与计算---------------------------------------------------------64.1手柄材料--------------------------------------------------------------6 4.2手柄长度L p -----------------------------------------------------------6-----------------------------------------------------------7 4.3手柄直径dp4.4结构------------------------------------------------------------------75、底座设计---------------------------------------------------------------76、螺旋起重器的效率--------------------------------------------------------87、参考文献---------------------------------------------------------------81. 螺杆的设计与计算1.1 螺杆螺纹类型的选择螺纹有矩形、梯形与锯齿形，常用的是梯形螺纹。
10T压力机的液压系统设计
河南科技Henan Science and Technology 工业技术总777期第七期2022年4月10T压力机的液压系统设计郭晨阳（郑州工业安全职业学院，河南郑州450000）摘要：主要研究10T压力机的流体传动系统设计。
首先，分析压力机的设计和使用要求，根据压力机的吨位，初选压力机的工作压力，确定液压缸的内径及活塞杆的直径。
然后，根据使用要求和工作循环过程确定液压系统的回路，分析电磁铁的动作顺序和流动传动回路的工作原理。
最后，对液压泵及液压元件等进行选择。
关键词：压力机；液压回路；液压元件中图分类号：TU137文献标志码：A文章编号：1003-5168（2022）7-0033-04 DOI:10.19968/ki.hnkj.1003-5168.2022.07.007Hydraulic System Design of10T Hydraulic PressGUO Chenyang(Zhengzhou Vocational College of Industrisl Safety,Zhengzhou450000,China)Abstract:Mainly researched the hydraulic system design of10T small hydraulic press.Firstly,the de⁃sign and use requirements of the hydraulic press are analyzed.According to the tonnage of the hydraulic press and the working pressure of the hydraulic press,the inner diameter of the hydraulic cylinder and the diameter of the piston rod are determined.At the same time,the circuit of the hydraulic system is de⁃termined according to the use requirements and working cycle process,and the electromagnetic The ac⁃tion sequence of the iron and the working principle of the hydraulic circuit.Finally,the hydraulic pump and hydraulic components are selected.Keywords:hydraulic press;hydraulic circuit;hydraulic components0引言当前我国工业发展迅速，民族企业逐渐由中国装配转向中国制造、中国创造，压力机在制造业飞速发展期间得到了广泛的发展和应用。
一级压力机设计说明书
一级压力机设计说明书预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制开式双柱可倾压力机的型号及压力机的技术参数含义型号：JA23-10 一级传动J:机械压力机2：第二列开式双柱3：组别开式双柱可倾压力机A：次要参数与基本型号不同的第一种变形10：公称压力10吨公称压力P：10吨发生公称压力时滑块离下死点距离Sp：4mm固定行程S：60mm标准行程次数n：165次\\分最大封闭高度H：180mm封闭高度调节量△H：50mm滑块中心到机身距离（喉深）C:130mm工作台尺寸LxB：360x240转动路线设计方案型号：JA23-10根据【2】附件6，“行程次数在70次∕分以上的，采用单级传动”得出本压力机为一级传动。
传动路线：电动机—带传动—离合器—曲轴—连杆—滑块根据【2】附件6，“主电动机的转速，单级传动采用1000转∕分”得出主电动机传动速度为1000r ∕min根据【2】附件7，式（10-30）N=K 1P g 表10-7， P g =10吨K 1取0.105所以，N=1.05（kw ）即P 0（电动机输出功率）=1.05（kw ）根据【3】表8-184选择电动机型号为：Y90L-6 其满载转数n m =910r ∕min 总传动比：i=n m ∕n=910∕165=5.5电动机输出转矩：T 0=9550P 0∕n m =11.02（N.m ） V 带传动效率离合器效率传动装置总效率 P 1（曲轴输入效率）= P 0（电动机输出功率）（传动装置总效率）得， T 1(曲轴输入转矩)=9550P 1∕n=57.30（N.m ）参数表96.0b =η98.0L =η94.098.096.0L b =?=?=ηηηη?99.094.005.11=?=PV带传动设计设计曲柄压力机中的V带传动。
已知电动机型号为Y90L-6，电动机输出功率P=1.05kw，电动机转速为n1=910r∕min，大带轮转速n2=165r ∕min，每天工作16小时。
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(1)拉紧螺栓直径：拉紧螺栓直径决定于机身的预紧力。
机身预紧力通常根据压力机的公称压力及其结构形式确定。
拉紧螺栓一般采用45号钢制造。
当采用正火处理的45号钢时，对于组合机身的拉紧螺栓直径d 可按以下经验公式计算，然后根据标准直径圆 初步选定。
d =式中 g p ——压力机公称压力(KN)。
对于整体机身，可取预紧力为(0.7~1.0) g p ，但是在目前实际设计时也有人取和机身同样大小的预紧力。
拉紧螺栓两端通常采用45锯齿形螺纹，其牙型与基本尺寸分别见标准，螺母采用圆螺母。
当拉紧螺栓的直径确定后，两端螺纹和螺母可以按标准表（见设计手册）选取。
（2）立柱断面尺寸立柱最小断面积按下面这个公式选取： []min 2G P F γ=σ;P γ——预压力，通常可取P γ=（1.2~1.5）g p ； G σ——许用应力，可近似取40~60MPa （3）机身高度的确定 机身的高度可按下式确定： H=h+S+L+H1+A+H2+H3+H4;式中h ——最大装模高度； S ——压力机行程长度； L ——连杆长度；H1——滑块底面与连杆小头中心线的距离；A+H2——偏心轴心与上横梁顶面的距离；H3——楔形工作台的高度；H4——底座的高度；封闭高度采用偏心压力销或偏心套调整的压力机，在计算机身高度时，不应计人H3。
(4)底座尺寸和底座与基础接触面积底座后面尺寸可近似按以下经验公式决定：E＝T+2/3D;式中T——机身中心线至传动轴支座孔中心线的距离；D——飞轮直径(mm)。
机身底座与基础接触面积按下式确定；P＝mg/p;式中 m——压力机质量；g——重力加速度；p——机身底座与基础接触面的单位压力，一般可取0.7~0.8MPa。
4.4 机身机架的选用、受力及强度的校核本课题选用的机身为三梁四柱式机身，机身结构简图如下图4-1所示1-横梁 2-移动横梁 3-立柱 4-工作台图4-1 机身结构简图整体机身框架力的传递由上图可以看出上下横梁和立柱交界内转角处为危险区域，并为受拉状态，所以在设计的时候应该保证以下几点原则。
（1）应使力的传递距离最短。
（2）结构布置和材料分配应考虑力的传递路线。
（3）整体机身的上下横梁和立柱交界的内转角处有明显的应力集中，应设计合理的圆弧结构，并保证加工精度。
（4）上下横梁不宜采用中段局部增高等加强梁结构，因其在转折处必定应力集中，有害无利。
现在研究一下工作行程中机身受的力，假设机身与基础刚性连接，可对于不动的下横梁来分析拉紧螺栓——立柱的伸长和上横梁的绝对位移。
作用在机身上的拉力通常可表示为(不考虑摩擦力)：1z Z dvp F R M dt=+-∑ 式中M 、dvdt分别为机身部分的换算质量和加速度； F 为螺杆压力机的最大工作负载为100K采用的近似方法，只附带考虑了工作行程时滑块、螺杆和飞轮在突然减速情况下产生的惯性力和惯性力矩。
惯性力和惯性力矩可用下式确定：2222M dv d s s P m m m dt dt t≈=≈；224X dv sM JJ hdt htππ=≈ 应当给出变形时间t ，当在没有锻件情况下模具冷击时， T= 0.01~0.05秒。
冷击时在滑决运动方向上的变形可以由比值s=p/c 令近似确定，这里c 为螺旋压力机的刚度。
4.4.1主机载荷分析螺杆压力机的最大工作负载为100KN ，在进行载荷设计时，取负载100KN 对压力机进行受力计算。
螺杆压力机机结构形式为“三梁四柱”式，工作时加压的负载作用在横梁和导柱上，受载时横梁受压，导柱受拉受力简图如下图所示：F-负载 T-导柱拉力 图4-2横梁、导柱受力图4.4.2立柱的设计压力机的最大负载约为100kN ，通过力传递后，最后由四根立柱承受100KN 的拉力，作用在每根立柱上的拉力为25kN 。
由许用拉应力公式，可计算导柱的安全直径D 。
AF≥][σ 式1 式中：][σ—许用应力；取45钢][σ=80～100MPa ；F —轴向拉力； A —横截面积。
即：m PaN F D 02.0108014.3105.24][463=⨯⨯⨯⨯=≥σπ 取立柱直径D=60mm,带入式1进行强度校核][8.84/6014.31025][23max σσ≤=⨯⨯==MPa A F满足条件，强度合格 立柱稳定性计算 取立柱长度L=1200mm1546044/64/24=====D D D A I i ππ 式中I —立柱的的惯性距 A —立柱的横截面积 柔度计算：立柱是两端固定结构，根据表5-2 5.0=μ401512005.0=⨯==ilμλ 式中μ—长度系数 立柱临界应力：材料为45钢2.432=λ，2λλ< 则MPa c 355=σ 立柱工作应力Mpa A F 8.84/6014.3102523=⨯⨯==σ g n 公式： 3~8.13.408.8355=>==w g n n 计算表明稳定性合格4.4.3横梁的设计横梁受力可以简化为简直梁，中间受载的情形，如图所示。
截 面1-1横梁受力简图图4-3初步确定横梁的长、宽、高尺寸分别为800,700,300mm 截面为矩形， 即：负载作用下的剪力和弯矩如图所示图4-4(a) 剪力图 (b) 弯矩图由弯矩图4-4可知，横梁C 点1—1截面弯矩最大，该截面是危险截面。
为了保证横梁能够正常工作，必须对该截面进行强度校核。
正应力计算公式为：WM maxmax =σ式中：max σ—最大弯曲正应力；m ax M —最大弯矩；W —抗弯截面系数(3m )。
矩形截面抗弯系数W 计算公式为：62bh W =式中：b —矩形截面的宽； h —矩形截面的高。
即：32009.063.07.0m W ≈⨯=MPa m mkN 7.2009.0.7.243max ≈=σ45钢的弯曲许用应力[σ]=100MPa ，而横梁的最大弯曲应力max σ=2.7MPa ，远小于材料的许用应力，经过校核，设计尺寸满足要求5.螺杆的设计算5.1螺杆的设计计算(1)确定螺纹直径螺杆工作时，同时受到压力和转矩的作用。
因此它的计算可近似按螺栓联接的计算公式求得螺纹公称直径即][3.14σπFd ⨯≥许用应力 [](35)sσσ=-螺杆材料选45钢，调质处理，2sN 360mm =σ，272~1205~3][mm N s==σσ取 Mpa 100][=σ则 mm Fd 8.39801000003.14][3.14=⨯⨯⨯=⨯≥πσπ选梯形螺纹 488Tr ⨯螺纹大径：48d mm =，148149D d mm =+=+=螺纹中径：22448444d D d mm ==-=-=螺纹小径：948939d mm =-=-=1d 1848840D d mm =-=-= 螺距 ：8p mm =螺纹根部厚度：10.6340.6348 5.072t p mm ==⨯=螺纹工作高度：mm ⨯h=0.5p=0.58=4校核螺杆强度：螺纹力矩: 21tan()2v d T F ψϕ=+ 螺纹升角：218arctan()arctan() 3.3144np d ψππ⨯===⨯查表5-10.18μ=(钢与铸铁的滑动摩擦系数无润滑)当量摩擦角()()0.18arctan arctan 10.55cos cos15v μϕβ===351.4410010tan(3.3110.55) 5.42102T N mm =⨯⨯+⨯=⨯ 按第四强度理论较核，压——扭组合校核[]ca σσ=≤ 77.52[]80ca Mpa Mpa σσ==<= 满足要求。
(2)自锁性验算 自锁条件v ψϕ< 其中 3.31ψ=故 v ψϕ<，可用，且'4430ψ<-，可靠 (3)螺杆结构 螺杆上端直径：(1.7 1.9)(1.7 1.9)4881.691.2d mm =-=-⨯=-2D取85mm =2D'(0.60.7)(0.60.7)4828.833.6d d mm =-=-⨯=-，取'30d mm = 退刀槽直径：1(0.20.5)39(0.20.5)38.838.5d mm =--=--=-c d取38.6c d mm = 退刀槽宽度：⨯b=1.5p=1.58=12mm螺杆膨大部分长度：'l --⨯-=(1.4 1.6)d=(1.4 1.6)48=67.276.8mm取'70l mm =12(34)13(34)1617h h mm =+-=+-=-，取116h mm = 螺杆长度'''12401407016466l l h mm ++=+++==H+H(4)稳定性计算细长的螺杆工作时受到较大的轴向压力，螺杆可能失稳，为此按下式演算螺杆的稳定性。
2.5 4.0cr F F ≥-式中，cr F 为螺杆的临界压力。
22()cr EI F L πβ=。
弹性模量52.010E Mpa =⨯ 4454139 1.1106464d I mm ππ⨯===⨯。
5(1.4 1.6)L H p d =++-24058(1.4 1.6)48347.2356.8mm =+⨯+-⨯=-，取350L mm =。
由''00214044 3.183l d d ===>H ，为固定支承，查表5-22β=（一端固定，一端自由）表5-2 系数μ和1μ255522.010 1.110 4.5710(2350)cr F N π⨯⨯⨯⨯==⨯⨯5.257.410100/1057.4/35≥=⨯⨯=F F cr ，螺杆可以稳定工作。
5.2螺母的设计计算螺母的材料选用HT300 (1)确定螺纹旋合圈数z 根据耐磨性旋合圈数z ，即'2[]FP p p d hH π==≤ 2[]Fz d h p π≥ 查表5-3取215][mm N p =84.741544101003=⨯⨯⨯⨯≥πz表5-3滑动螺旋传动的许用压强pp2mm N螺母实际圈数34.95.184.75.1=+=+='z z'10,' 1.58.5z z z ==-=取则螺母旋合长度：m p z H 80810=⨯='='校核螺母的高径比：8044 1.82φ==2=H'd2.53.5φ=-兼做支承的螺母，不能满足要求。
故要重新确定螺母的高度。
3.2φ=取，则2'' 3.244140.8H d mm φ==⨯=取 ''140H mm = (2)校核螺母的螺牙强度 剪切强度:查表5-4取2[]40N mm τ=表5-4螺杆与螺母的许用应力 2mm N223140][155.8072.54910100mm N mm N z Dt F =<=⨯⨯⨯⨯==τππτ故满足要求。