虚拟语气和错综条件句和含蓄虚拟

虚拟语气表示说话人所言内容不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令或猜测，有时只是说话者的主观愿望，或表达他/她的强烈情感，谓语动词用特殊形式。

一．虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法

If从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

2. 条件中的虚拟语气的举例

(1) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：如：

If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，他会帮助我们的。If he studied at this school, he would know you well.

如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。

If I were you, I would never do that. 如果我是你,我决不做那件事。

If it weren’t for (=But for) your help, I would still be homeless. 若不是你帮忙，我现在还是无家可归。

If I had more money, I would buy a car. 我要是有再多一点钱，我就买

汽车了。

If there were no subjective mood，English would be much easier. 要是没有虚拟语气，英语就会容易得多了。

If I knew his telephone number，I would ring him up. 我要是知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了。

If I were you, I would go there at once.

If my classmates were here, they would help me.

If I were you, I would accept the job.

If classes were smaller, children would learn more.

If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again.

If I had enough money, I would buy a large house.

If I had time, I would go shopping with you.

If I knew all the answers to all your questions, I would be a genius.

If he were here now, we would ask him about it.

If I had time, I would study French.

If I knew her number, I could ring her. (可惜我不知道)

If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. (实际上地球引力始终存在。)

If I knew the answer, I would tell you. (实际上我确实不知道，所以肯定不能告诉你。)

If I had money on me, I would lend you some.

We would not be able to walk if there were no friction.

If you were in my position, what would you do?

If they treated me as a slave, I had to resign.

If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time.

If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. (如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子们都有了坐骑。)

注：在口语中，在第一、三人称后，也有人用was。如：

If I was(were) rich, I would buy a car. 我要是有钱，我就买汽车了。

(2) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。若与过去事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如：

If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.

我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。

If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li.

如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。

If I'd left sooner，I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)

If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake. 要是他当初听从我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。

If it hadn’t been for Margaret, I might not have understood.要不是有玛格丽特，我可能还不明白。