虚拟语气和错综条件句和含蓄虚拟
虚拟式的用法
英语动词的三种语气英语中，人们常常用不同的动词形式来表达自己的不同看法和态度。
这种动词的形式就叫做动词的语气。
英语动词有陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
1. 陈述语气叙述事实或者可能发生的事情时，人们所使用的语气就是陈述语气。
如：I’m a boy of sixteen this year. 今年我是个十六岁的男孩了。
I want to travel in the space like Yang Liwei. 我想象杨力伟那样去太空旅行。
He’ll come here to see me next Sunday. 下周星期天他要来看我。
2. 祈使语气人们用来表示命令、要求、请求、邀请、劝告或建议时所使用的语气就是祈使语气。
如：Hurry up. 快点。
Don’t go there. 不要去那儿。
Open your books at P. 126. 翻开书126页。
3. 虚拟语气表示所说的话不是事实，而只是一种愿望、猜测、假设、建议，并且这种愿望、建议等实现的可能性很少或根本不能实现时，所使用的语气就是虚拟语气。
如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky freely. 要是我是一只鸟，我就能自由自在地在天空飞翔。
I wish you a happy new year. 祝你新年愉快。
I’d rather you came this afternoon. 我倒想要你今下午来。
使用虚拟式的几类从句1. wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时，表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词，表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。
如：I wish he were more careful. 你是你更仔细点就好了。
I wish I hadn’t said that. 我要是没有说那话就好了。
高考英语虚拟语气历年考点分析
高考英语虚拟语气历年考点分析情态动词和虚拟语气历年典型题训练虚拟语气在高考中考的频率不高，主要考查以下5个方面:考点一、含有if引导的状语从句的虚拟语气考点二、虚拟语气省略if的倒装情况考点三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气考点四、混合虚拟条件句（错综虚拟条件句）考点五、含蓄条件句考点精讲考点一、含有if引导的状语从句的虚拟语气（1）若与现在事实相反从句形式为：If+主语+动词过去式（be动词一般为were）主句形式为：主语+would/should/could/might +v.If he came here, he would/should/could/might help me.（2）若与过去事实相反从句形式为：If+主语+had+ done主句形式为：主语+would/should/could/might+ have+doneIf you had come here yesterday, you would/should/could/might have seen the expert.3）若与将来事实相反从句形式为：If+ 主语+ 动词过去式should + v.were to + v.主句形式为：主语+would/should/could/might + v.If he met me, he would/should/could/might be very happy.If you should come here, you would/should/could/might meet many classmates.If we were to do that, we would/should/could/might make good preparation.高考真题1：It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(2002上海)A．wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall考点二、虚拟语气省略if的倒装情况注意：在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有动词were, should或had，有时可以省略连词if，而把这三个词放在主语之前，变成倒装句。
高中英语2025届高考语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解
高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识（一）什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设（情感），也是一种语气（mood)的表现形式，表明说话的目的和意图。
（语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气）虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况，即与真实相反。
上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子，"If I were you"因为我不可能是你，这是一种不可能存在的事实，所以这是个虚拟语句。
总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系：一是表示与事实相反的，或者是假象的情形，通常由if引导，叫做虚拟条件句；另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气，表示建议，命令或者要求等语气，类似于上述美剧常用的台词。
（二）虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解与现在事实相反：If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。
（但我没有）与将来事实相反：If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作，我会是另一种做法。
（言外之意不是我做这个工作，用虚拟表达是我做这份工作的可能性很低）与过去事实相反：If anything had happened, he would have let us know.如果发生了什么情况，他早就通知我们了。
（所以没事发生）它们的共性都是表示与事实相反或者实现可能性不大3.特殊情况①在极少情况下，从句的谓语动词用原形，主句的谓语动词可用陈述语气（比较官方，正式，大气的说法，口语很少使用）If that be the official view, it cannot be accepted.如果这是官方的看法，这是不能接受的。
②if可以省略，但是语序要改为倒装Were I Tom I would refuse.如果我是汤姆我会拒绝。
虚拟语气用法总结
概念：谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图，这 种形式称为语气。语气分三种： 1.陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有 肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。
He is late for class. What fun!
He is not interested in classical music. 2.祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告 等（动词常用原形） Don’t be late！ 3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假 设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
2.If I were you, I would accept his advice. Were I you,……
3.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
Should it rained tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow,
（或用could have done） 与将来事实相反 could/would/might + do/be
I wish (that)he_w_o_u_ld_/_c_ou_l_d_/m__ig_h_t v_i_si(tvisit) us tomorrow.
I wish (that) he__v_i_si_te_d___(visit)us today. I wish he_h_a_d_v_i_si_t_ed__u_s/_c_o_u_l_d_h_a_v_e_v_is_i_te_d__u_s (visit) us yIfeosntelyrdyaoyu. __h_a_d_li_s_te_n_e_d___ （listen)to our advice!
5组虚拟语气
*It’s high time we stopped / should stop cutting down the trees.
lest 在lest引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用（should ）+ 动词原型 *She didn’t allow her sister go out lest she (should ) catch flu. in case 万一，以防，后面接现在时，或者should +动词原型 *I always take an umbrella in case it rains.
，重要，惊异，失望等形容词或者过去分词后 容词/ 过去分词＋that 句型 mazing/ surprising /odd/ strange/ wrong/a pity/ a shame/ incredib hould 不可以省略 good that the children here should be given so much homework ocked that she should have said such a thing to you.
4. 跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气； but/前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟） 4. 跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈 . 述语气；but/前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚 拟） *He would put on weight, but he doesn’t eat much. 与现在事实相反 *He would have put on weight, but he didn’t eat much. 与过去事实相反 or, or else, otherwise *I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. 与现在相反 *Mary couldn’t have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. 与过去相反 but / except+ 表示条件 * would have gone with her but / except I was ill.
虚拟语气的几种用法
虚拟语气的几种用法1．错综时间条件句虚拟语气通常用于含条件状语从句的主从复合句中。
条件状语从句中表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反的虚拟语气比较容易掌握，但绝不可把它们当作一成不变的数学公式一样对待。
就是说，不能只单纯背语法条条框框，而应充分理解句子锁定的语言环境。
有时从句动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致。
这时就要根据各自表示的时间概念加以调整。
如：If he had taken my advice, he would be much betternow．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。
）2．含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句的形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词(如：without; butfor)引出的短语，一个连词（如：but; or; otherwise）引出的从句或其它方式来表示。
如：Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the job intime．(Without your help＝If you hadn’t helped us)He could have given you more help, but he was busy．(buthe was busy＝if he had not been busy)3．倒装句如从句中有were, had或should，则可以省去if, 并将were,had或should提前到句首，构成部分倒装。
如：Were I to be young again, I would studymedicine．(从句正常语序为：If I were to be young again)Had you not left so early, you might have missed thetrain．(从句正常语序为：If you had not left so early)4．错综语气有时从句用虚拟语气，主句却用陈述语气或祈使语气。
虚拟语气用法总结
虚拟语气用法总结虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设，或难以实现的情况，而非客观存在的事实。
学习虚拟语气，我们需要注意以下几个要点：一、虚拟语气在带有条件状语从句的复合句中的构成和用法。
根据不同的时间，主、从句中动词形式如下表：If we left now, we would arrive in good time. 如果我们现在就走的话，我们就会及时到达。
They would have come to your party if they had had time. 如果他们有时间就会参加你的聚会。
If you lived there for a while, you’d change your mind about the place. 如果你在那儿住上一段时间，你就会改变对那地方的看法。
这里我们需要注意以下三点：1. 错综时间条件句有时条件状语从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
如：If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。
2. 虚拟条件句的倒装形式如果虚拟条件从句中有were, had或should时，可以把if省略，而把这几个词放到主语之前，构成倒装句。
如：Were I you, I wouldn’t go there alone. 如果我是你，我不会一个人去那儿的。
Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exam. 如果他学习再努力点的话，他就会通过考试。
Should you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. 如果你被解雇，你的医疗保险和其他权益并不会立即中断。
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句。
2、名词性虚拟语气。
3、虚拟语气的其他用语。
一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。
1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should（could, would,或might）＋动词原形，如：If I were you, I wouldstudyhard.If it rained, I wouldnot be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should（could, would,或might）＋have＋过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy wouldhave saved.If I had not studie d hard, I wouldhave failed in the exam last term.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：＋do，主语＋should（could…）＋原形do过去时（与现在事实条件句一样）。
If it should rain tomorr ow, we wouldstay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I couldsee it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to night, you wouldfeel sorry.注意问题：1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。
2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。
3、在条件句中如果出现we re, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Had the doctor come last night, the boy wouldhave saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I wouldsee it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorr ow, we wouldstay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语＋（should）＋动词原形，如：Mother insist ed that John go to bed at 9 o’clock.（宾语从句）We sugges ted that the meetin g should not be held.It was requir ed that the cropsshould be harves ted at once.（主语从句）The sugges tionthat he be invite d was reject ed.（同位语从句）That is theirdemand that theirwagesbe increa sed.（表语从句）注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。
虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式,用来表示假设、猜测
虚拟语气：是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表示假设、猜测、建议、主观愿望、夸张或空想，而非客观事实。
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这是主从句中谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.1.虚拟语气倒装形式（省略if）虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, had可以将if省略再把上述这些词移到句首实行倒装。
If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. If it should rain, the crops would be saved. →Should it rain, the crops would be saved.注：在倒装时，不能有缩略形式：Weren’t it for the expense (*)→Were it not for the expense2.介词短语代替条件状语从句常用词：with, but for, withoutWhat would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn’t got your help) Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, …= If it had not been for your help, …= Had it not been for you help, …3.含蓄条件句有在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。
虚拟语气讲解版
2. 虚拟语气用于 if only引导的感叹句中
If only 引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟 语气结构，现已成为惯用法，表达愿望一种不真实的 条件，译成“要是……就好了！” 从句用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望， 对过去没有实现的或不能实现的愿望，从句就用过去 完成时。
If only I had taken his advice.我要是听他的话就好 了．
等.
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish you could go with us.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
2. would/had rather
would sooner/prefer+object clause 在虚拟语气中的用法表 示希望或婉转的责备。
E.g. 1.I intended I should call on you , but I was busy at that time. 2.I am sorry ,but I really didn’t mean to hurt. 3.I had planned to travel to Canada, but I had something more important to cope with.
I didn’t hear the phone, I must have been sleeping..
五）虚拟语气用于主语从句．
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“ should 十动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应 如此等． 句型：It is /was+ 形容词/过去分词/名词 + that ……
虚拟语气'四种形式'及'三点注意'
虚拟语气“四种形式”及“三点注意新疆哈密石油高级中学常玉国刘雪娟虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常出现的一种语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点，但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。
无怪乎许多同学在学完虚拟语气后，常常会叹道：If there were no subjunctive mood ,English would be easier.本文结合笔者多年教学实践，以历年高考题为例证，谈谈学好虚拟语气需要掌握好的“四种形式”和“三点注意”。
一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式为了理解与记忆的方便，我们把常见的虚拟语气现象归纳为以下四类：(一)条件句+主句这是虚拟语气最常见的形式，依据表现时间的不同，又可分为表1所示几种形式。
形式虽多，但较规范，可依据上下文的提示解题：表1：“条件从句+主句”的虚拟形式例1：The rice______if you had been more careful.A. would not be burningB. would not burnC. would not have burntD. would not burnt从if条件句中我们可以判断这是对过去的虚拟，对照上表，选择C（注：从句可在主句前，亦可在主句后）。
例2：If my lawyer____ here last Saturday, he_____ me from going.(MET89)A. had been ;would have prevented.B. had been; would preventedC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented从last Saturday 我们可知道这是对过去的虚拟，对照上表，此题选A。
例3：I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she______ she would have met my brother. (MET94)A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come从上文I didn’t see的陈述中，我们可看出she并没来，且下文主句中的would have met 亦给了我们足够的补充，据上表则选D。
英语虚拟语气语法讲解
语法：虚拟语气1.虚拟语气用于条件句、其它句型中与现在事实相反时从句用过去时(did/were)，主句用would/should/could/might＋动词原形How nice it ________ if I ________ a sister like you!A．was; had B．would be; had had C．would have been; had D．would be; had【解析】题干表达与现在事实相反的内容，根据规则选D项2. 与过去事实相反时从句用过去完成时(had done)，主句用would/should/could/might＋have done—Were you in time for the lecture?—If I ________ told earlier, I would have.A．had been B．was C．were to be D．should be选A。
由问句看出与过去事实相反，因而从句中使用过去完成时。
3. 与将来事实相反时，从句中可用三种形式，即动词的过去式/should ＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形。
This printer is of good quality. If it ________ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A．would B．should C．could D．might分析：后一句实际上使用了与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中使用should表示“假如；万一”________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A．Would you be B．Should you be C．Could you be D．Might you be 【解析】前一分句实际上使用的是虚拟语气，与将来事实相反从句中使用If you should be fired，可以省略if而把should提前到主语之前。
虚拟语气用法归纳完整版
虚拟语气用法归纳英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。
一、虚拟条件句条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语用陈述语气。
If you don 'work hard, you will fail.If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.如果假设的情况过去、现在、将来都不存在，则为虚拟语气虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：1•与现在事实相反的虚拟What would you do if you won the lottery?If I were you, I would seize the cha nee to go abroad.If I had a lot of money no w, I would travel around the world.2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟If you had bee n here yesterday, you would have see n her.If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday.3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟If it were to rain/should rai n/rai ned tomorrow, our pla n would be put off.If we were to pic nic, we would not be able to help.二、错综、混合虚拟语气通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。
混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。
高中虚拟语气讲解
高中虚拟语气讲解虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1)混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)(2)省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
虚拟语气语法总结
虚拟语气语法总结虚拟语气是英语语法中的一个重要且较复杂的部分，它用于表达假设、愿望、非真实的情况或与事实相反的情况。
理解和掌握虚拟语气对于准确、地道地使用英语至关重要。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用1、与现在事实相反条件从句：If ＋主语＋动词过去式（be 动词用 were）主句：主语＋ would/could/might ＋动词原形例如：If I were you, I would go to the party（如果我是你，我会去参加聚会。
）2、与过去事实相反条件从句：If ＋主语＋ had ＋过去分词主句：主语＋ would/could/might ＋ have ＋过去分词例如：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam（如果我学习更努力，我就会通过考试了。
）3、与将来事实相反条件从句：① If ＋主语＋动词过去式② If ＋主语＋ were to ＋动词原形③ If ＋主语＋ should ＋动词原形主句：主语＋ would/could/might ＋动词原形例如：If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home （如果明天下雨，我就待在家里。
）二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1、 wish 后的宾语从句与现在事实相反：从句用一般过去时例如：I wish I were as tall as you （我希望我和你一样高。
）与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时例如：I wish I had met you before （我希望我以前见过你。
）与将来事实相反：从句用 would/could ＋动词原形例如：I wish you would come tomorrow （我希望你明天能来。
）2、 would rather 后的宾语从句与现在或将来事实相反：从句用一般过去时例如：I would rather you came tomorrow （我宁愿你明天来。
虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟语气用法归纳1、在非真实条件句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。
非真实条件有以下三类：（1）与现在事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：从句：过去时主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形。
如If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice.如果我是你的话，我就请教老师。
（2）与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：从句：过去完成时主句：would/should/could/ might +have+动词过去分词。
如If I hadn’t taken the wrong bus, I wouldn’t have missed the contest.如果我没有搭错车，我就不会不参加竞赛。
（3）与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：从句：过去时/should /were to +动词原形主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形。
如If I had enough money next month, I would buy a copy of “The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English”.如果我下个月有足够的钱，我就会买一本《现代高级英语学习词典》。
（4）混合时间条件句：主句和从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。
如If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friend.假如我以前学过法语，现在就能给我们的法国朋友当翻译。
If you had not watched television so late last night,you would not be sleepy now. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion ,you would be fine now.（注：if从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；而主句与现在事实相反，用would+动词原形。
高考英语语法专项虚拟语气的用法
语法专项11——虚拟语气的用法【虚拟语气】英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气、疑问语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。
一、虚拟语气用于条件句中1．表示与现在事实相反：条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时(be的过去式用were)；主句中谓语动词用would(should，could，might)＋动词原形。
If I were you，I would study hard.2．表示与过去事实相反：条件状语从句中谓语动词用had＋过去分词；主句中谓语动词用would(should，could，might)＋have＋过去分词。
If he had taken my advice，he would have passed the test.3．表示与将来的事实相反：条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时或should ＋动词原形或were to＋动词原形；主句中谓语动词用would(should，could，might)＋动词原形。
If it were to rain tomorrow，they would not go to the cinema.【帮你归纳】【小叮咛】1)if条件句中只要用了过去的时态就说明该句要使用虚拟语气。
2)if条件句中只出现一个表示与将来事实相反的情态动词should。
3)含有if条件句的虚拟语气中，主句都要用情态动词，且都可理解为过去式。
二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法1. 在wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句中通常用虚拟语气。
从句中谓语动词的构成形式为：1）表示对现在情况的虚拟，从句中谓语动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)。
I wish it were spring now. 我希望现在是春天。
2）表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句中谓语动词常用had＋过去分词。
I wish he had come yesterday.我希望他昨天能来。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设和建议等。
有以下几种情况一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法如果现在离开，我们就会按时到达的。
If I were you, I would refuse the money.如果我是你，我会拒绝这笔钱的。
We would have dropped by if we had had time.假如当时我们有时间的话，我们就去拜访了。
If he should come/were to come/came, what should we say to him?假设他来了，我们该怎样对他说？（二）如果条件状语从句中含有were, had, should, 可将它们移在主语前，省去ifWere I you, I would refuse the money.如果我是你，我会拒绝这笔钱的。
We would have dropped by had we had time.假如当时我们有时间的话，我们就去拜访了。
Should he come, what should we say to him?=Were he to come, what should we say to him?假设他来了，我们该怎样对他说？（三）错综条件句当条件从句与主句所表示的时间不一致时，根据主从句的时间关系，将原来的句型拆开后组合If I had attended the meeting yesterday, I should know what to do now.假如你昨天参加了会议，你现在就知道怎么办了。
You would be much better now if you had taken the medicine yesterday.假如你昨天要是吃药的话，现在你就好多了。
（三）含蓄条件句条件从句不显现出来，而通过其他手段暗示，这叫含蓄条件句I would not have done anything without you没有你，我什么也做不了的。
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虚拟语气表示说话人所言内容不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令或猜测，有时只是说话者的主观愿望，或表达他/她的强烈情感，谓语动词用特殊形式。
一．虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法If从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
2. 条件中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。
如：如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，他会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well.如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
If I were you, I would never do that. 如果我是你,我决不做那件事。
If it weren’t for (=But for) your help, I would still be homeless. 若不是你帮忙，我现在还是无家可归。
If I had more money, I would buy a car. 我要是有再多一点钱，我就买汽车了。
If there were no subjective mood，English would be much easier. 要是没有虚拟语气，英语就会容易得多了。
If I knew his telephone number，I would ring him up. 我要是知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了。
If I were you, I would go there at once.If my classmates were here, they would help me.If I were you, I would accept the job.If classes were smaller, children would learn more.If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again.If I had enough money, I would buy a large house.If I had time, I would go shopping with you.If I knew all the answers to all your questions, I would be a genius.If he were here now, we would ask him about it.If I had time, I would study French.If I knew her number, I could ring her. (可惜我不知道)If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. (实际上地球引力始终存在。
)If I knew the answer, I would tell you. (实际上我确实不知道，所以肯定不能告诉你。
)If I had money on me, I would lend you some.We would not be able to walk if there were no friction.If you were in my position, what would you do?If they treated me as a slave, I had to resign.If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time.If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. (如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子们都有了坐骑。
)注：在口语中，在第一、三人称后，也有人用was。
如：If I was(were) rich, I would buy a car. 我要是有钱，我就买汽车了。
(2) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
若与过去事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。
如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li.如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
If I'd left sooner，I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。
(但我动身太迟了)If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。
(可惜我们找到他太晚了)If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake. 要是他当初听从我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。
If it hadn’t been for Margaret, I might not have understood.要不是有玛格丽特，我可能还不明白。
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examin ation. 如果你接受我的建议，在这次考试中你就不会失败。
If you have worked hard, you wouldn’t have failed in the exam. 如果你早用功，你就不至于考试不及格了。
If I had had much money at that time, I would have bought you what you want.If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided.If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake.We wouldn’t have succeeded if it had not been for their help.If you had been here yesterday, you would have met the film star.If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them.If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train.If we had had enough rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest.If you had worked a little harder, you could have passed the final examination.If they had invited her to the party, she would have attended it.(3)将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。
如：If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there. 要是明天下雨，我就不去那里。
If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去)If I asked him，I'm sure he'd help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。
(不过我不打算这样做)If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time.如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, we would have a rest.If the sun were to rise from the west, I would marry you.(注意：对将来虚拟的条件从句中，在实现的可能性方面过去式did最大，should do中等，were to do最小。
如本句太阳没有可能从西方升起，所以本句用were to最恰当。
)If I were to meet her tomorrow, I would ask her about it.If green plants should disappear some day, there would hardly be any life on the earth.If I were to do the work, I would do it in a different way.If it should(were to) rain this afternoon, the football match would be put off.If you missed the film this evening, you would be sorry for it. (如果今晚错过了这场电影，你会遗憾的。
实际上，你不会错过。
)If I were to see her tomorrow, I would invite her home.If you lived there for several months, you would change your mind about the place.If things were to be done twice, all would be wise. (如果事情能被做两次，人人都会变得明智。