英美文化 (英国部分答案)

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英美文化概况10套试题与答

英美文化概况10套试题与答第一套：Ⅰ.1. Sinn Fein is not a legal political party in Northern Ireland. F2. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quitewell-known: in the world for its endless political problems. T3. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children withliteracy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children. T4. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T5. Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6. In the seventeenth century, the English government encouraged peoplefrom Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because they wanted to increase its control over Ireland. T7. When George W. Bush became president, his foreign strategy has twoprominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. F8. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which mostcountries have. F9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is theDemocratic Party and the other is the Republican Party. T10. The oldest institution of government in Britain is the Monarchy. T11. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. F12. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be acandidate for public office.F13. The Servicemen's Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights, gave veteranspriority in finding better jobs. F14. Pax Americana indicates American policy to create a world order dominatedby the United States. T15. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celti c language, called “Gaelic”F16. The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council in recognition ofits continuing importance in world politics. F17. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F18. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that ofRepublic of Ireland and that of Great Britain. F19. It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing. F20. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. FⅡ.21. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? AA. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Normans.C. The Vikings.D. The Romans.22. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe? D A. The growth of capitalism. B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.23. Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? CA. France, China, Germany, Russia and Britain.B. The United States, France, Britain, Germany and Russia.C. China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States.D. China, Britain, France, the United States and Japan.24. What did the US mean by Containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breakingout of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reachedparity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by itsparticipation in CA. the CommonwealthB. the European Economic CommunityC. the United Nations, the EU, NATO, etcD. a European federal government26. Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? CA. Football.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. Cricket.27. After the WWII, the United States became a stronger country, proved by the following facts except A.A. the US suffered no losses in the war.B. the US was the sole possessor of atomic bombs.C. the US had over 70% of the gold reserve of the world in its coffers.D. the US had over 50% of industrial production of the world in its hand.28. Lord Baltimore’s fe udal p lan failed NOT because D.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.29. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people30. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? BA. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president31. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? cA. There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C. Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.D. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.32. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in C.A. 1035B. 1042C. 1066D. 160633. Which of the following can not be found in London? AA. teahousesB. art galleriesC. museumsD. theatres34. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of D.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution35. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? BA. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland36. Which of t he following was not an activity inShakespeare’s time? AA. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football37. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role?AA. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. The Queen symbolizes the tradition and unity of the British state.C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.38. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of AA. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Day39. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham40. Where is the international tennis championship held? BA. WembleyB. WimbledonC. LondonD. EdinburghⅢ. 41. The Functions of Parliament42. Puritanism43. Grammar School44. The declaration of Independence45. The strategy of PreemptionⅣ. Answer one of the following two questions. （本大题任选一题，20分）46. What are the purposes of the British education system? Please commenton these purposes.47. What are the foundations of Britain’s foreign policy?第二套：Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California.F2. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britainsometimes. t3. By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were readyto separate themselves from Europe. T4. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T5. Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T7. When George W. Bush became president, his foreign strategy has twoprominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength.8. American foreign policy has been swinging betweenisolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is theDemocratic Party and the other is the Republican Party.10. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F11. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by theancient warriors. t12. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be acandidate for public office. F13. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authorityfrom his subjects. F14. The British host a large American military presence and there are 63American military bases in the UK. T15. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic”. F16. British universities are public bodies which receive funds from centralgovernment. T17. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unifiednation as it is today. F18. One of the things that decide whether an applicant can be accepted bya college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests. t19. It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves thesport of boxing. F20. Wales is rich in coal deposits. TⅡ. Choose the answer that best com pletes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to themodern development of Europe? DA. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.22. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education23. Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreignpolicy? AA. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.24. What did the US mean by containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breakingout of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reachedparity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisionsis true? CA. Elementary school, grammar school.B. Elementary school, junior high school.C. Elementary school, secondary school.D. Junior high school, senior high school.26. Which of the following is NOT true of London? DA. the cultural centerB. the business centerC. The financial centerD. the sports center27. Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare’s time? AA. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football28. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention? BA. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland29. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptB.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ.30. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? DA. cricketB. skiingC. golfingD. horse racing31. In Britain, ___ formally appoints important government ministers, judges, etc. bA. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the Lord President of the CouncilD. the Speaker of the House of Commons32. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of A.A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Day33. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham34. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 B.A. can legally receive partly free education.B. can legally receive completely free education.C. can not receive free education at all.D. can not receive free education if their parents are rich.35. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? AA. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written form of Constitution.36. Lord Baltimore’s feudal plan failed because D.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.37. In order to go to university in the US, secondary school students mustmeet the following requirements except that D.A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examinations38. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people39. Why did the government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with“direct rule” from London? DA. the power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B. the Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C. the power-sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. all the above40. Which of the following schools would admit children without referenceto their academic abilities? AA. Comprehensive schoolsB. Secondary schoolsC. Independent schoolsD. Grammar schoolsⅢ.Tell what you know about the following in your own words. （本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. Comprehensive schools42. The Bill of Rights43. The making of Britain’s foreign policy44. The functions of Parliament45. The strategy of PreemptionⅣ. Answer one of the following questions. （本大题任选一题，20分）46. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?47. How do you understand that Britain has a “special relationship” with th第三套：Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.T2. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. F3. Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland andWales. F4. Most people in Scotland speak the o ld Celtic language, called “Gaelic”F5. Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children withliteracy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children.T7. Sinn Fein is not a legal political party in Northern Ireland.F8. Christmas Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that areparticularly British. T9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is theDemocratic Party, formed before 1800. The other is the Republican Party,formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West. T10. The game of golf was invented by the Scottish. T11. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unifiednation as it is today. F12. Grammar schools selects children at the age of 11 and provide them witha general education. F13. American foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F14. Pax Americana indicates American policy to create a world order dominatedby the United States. T15.Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials.F16. The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council in recognition ofits contribution in setting up the United Nations. F17. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F18. American foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F19. One of the things that decide whether an applicant can be accepted bya college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests. t20. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regardedas the founding fathers of the United States of America. FⅡ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreignpolicy? AA. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.22. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to themodern development of Europe? DA. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.23. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education24. What did the US mean by containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breakingout of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reachedparity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. Which of the following sports was not invented in Britain?CA. footballB. tennisC. basketballD. cricket26. Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday?CA. BonfiresB. The Orange MarchC. Trooping the ColorD. Masquerades27. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of British government? AA. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written form of Constitution.28. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention? BA. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland29. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptB.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ.30. Which of the following is the only branch that can makefederal laws, andlevy federal taxes? BA. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president31. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? CA. They are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C. Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.D. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.32. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? DA. cricketB. skiingC. golfingD. horse racing33. Which of the following is NOT true of London? DA. the cultural centerB. the business centerC. The financial centerD. the sports center34. Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare’s time? AA. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football35. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? BA. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland36. Which of the following is true about the British Commonwealth? dA. Members of nations are joined together politically.B. The Commonwealth has special powers.C. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is made by Britain.D. It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.37. In Britain, ___ formally appoints important government ministers, judges, etc. BA. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the Lord President of the CouncilD. the Speaker of the House of Commons38. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of A.A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Day39. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham40. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 B.A. can legally receive partly free education.B. can legally receive completely free education.C. can not receive free education at all.D. can not receive free education if their parents are rich.Ⅲ.Tell what you know about the following in your own words. （本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. Comprehensive schools42. The Bill of Rights43. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act44. The functions of the British Parliament.45. George WashingtonⅣ. Answer one of the following two questions. （本大题任选一题，20分）46. Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain and the Unite concerningthe goal of education47.what is the US containment policy? Is it successful? Illustrate your point wi第四套：Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F2. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regardedas the founding fathers of the United States of America. F3. The Scots and the Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F4. The most important single factor which influences Britishpolicy-makersis its history. t5. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people areCatholics.F6. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that ofRepublic of Ireland and that of Great Britain. F7. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unifiednation as it is today. F8. Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector andtuition rates, with some government support. T9. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. F10. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which mostcountries have. F11. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights, gave veteranspriority in finding better jobs. F12. British universities are public bodies which receive funds fromcentral government. T13. In 1948 President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine, which isgenerally regarded as the formal declaration of the implementation of the US containment foreign policy. T14. The biggest Bonfire Night celebration is held in London.F15. When Ronald Reagan became president in 1982, he wanted to beat the SovietUnion in the space technology race and so he initiated the Star Wars project. T16. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction on Britain’s foreign policy. T17. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. F18. The British host a large American military presence and there are 63 American military bases in the UK. T19. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T20. Christmas Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularly British. TⅡ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people22. Lord Baltimore’s feu dal plan failed because D.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.23. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in C.A. 1035B. 1042C. 1066D. 160624. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? BA. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president25. What did the US mean by containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breaking outof its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reached parity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror26. Easter commemorates D.A. the birth of Jesus ChristB. the Crucifixion of Jesus ChristC. the coming of springD. the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ27. In order to go to university in the US, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that DA. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examinations28. Which of the following is NOT a true description of theQueen’s role? AA. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. The Queen symbolizes the tradition and the Cabinet.C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.29. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education30. When was the NATO founded? DA. In 1945.B. in 1955C. In 1948D. in 194931. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in C.A. the CommonwealthB. the European Economic CommunityC. the United Nations, the EU, NATO, etc.D. a European federal government32. Who are the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? AA. the Anglo-SaxonsB. the NormansC. the VikingsD. the Romans33. When did President Nixon make a trip to China to improve relations with the People’s Republic of China? AA. In 1972B. In 1973C. In 1970D. In 197134. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of D.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution35. The New Deal was started by A.A. Franklin RooseveltB. J. F. KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson36. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptB.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ37. Which of the following can not be found in London? AA. teahousesB. art galleriesC. museumsD. theatres38. Why did the government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct rule” from London? DA. the power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majorityof Protestants.B. the Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C. the power-sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. all the above39. Which of the following is Not a feature of the House of Lords? CA. Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.B. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.C. The Lords are expected to present the interests of the public.D. Most of the Lords in the House of Lords are male.40. Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? CA. Football.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. Cricket.Ⅲ.Tell what you know about the following in your own words. （本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. The Open University42. The three traditions of Christmas in Britain43. The strategy of preemption 44. The functions of Parliament45. The Bill of RightsⅣ. Answer one of the following two questions. （本大题共任选一题， 20分）46. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?47. What are some of the major powers of each of the three。

英美文化课后答案 Chapter 6 Social Life and Customs

英美文化课后答案6Lecture 6 Social Life and CustomsT ell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1-10: FFFTT/FFTFT 11-20: FFFFF/TTTTT 21-29: FTFFF/FTFTFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. the public opinion; people’s morals, rule2. The Times; The Guardian; The Daily Telegraph; The Observer3. The Guardian; the Labor Party; the Conservative4. Football Association5. flat racing; hurdle racing6. American Football Conference, National Football Conference7. The New York Times; The Washington post; The Wall Street Journal; The Los Angeles Times8.2.25 million 9. candy 10. bonfires; jack-o’-lanterns 11. Football Association 12. steeplechase 13. 16 or 17 14. during the July to September quarter 15. The British LibraryChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: BBDAC/DDCCA11-20: BDBCD/CCADC 21-30: DABDC/ DACBDExplain the following terms.1. TabloidTabloids always deal in some scandals and gossip of the famous people in politic s, sports or entertainment.2. BBCFor a long period, the only television programs in Britain were produced by the BBC, the British Broadcasting Company, which was funded by the sale of TV licenses. The BBC was sponsored by the national government, which broadcasts radio and television programs for domestic and foreign markets.3. WimbledonWimbledon is the place now where the best tennis players gather to compete for a championship. It is a suburb of London. The Wimbledon Cup is one of the major sports events in Britain and probably the most famous tennis event in the world.4. Horse racingHorse racing is the true sport of British Kings and Queens. The two types of horse racing are flat racing and hurdle racing. Flat racing is racing where horse riders compete on a flat track. Hurdle racing is racing across the countryside or around the obstacles encountered.5. ChristmasChristmas is celebrated on December 25 and is the greatest of the Christian festivals. Christmas is a religious holiday during which Christians commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ. There are three traditions for Christmas Day in Britain. The first is Christmas Pantomime, which is a comical musical play. Another tradition on Christmas is to hear the Queen of Britain give her Christmas message through television and radio. The third British tradition is Boxing Day whichis the day after Christmas.6. USA TodayOf all the newspapers, the most widely circulated paper in the United States is USA Today averaging over 2.25 million copies every weekday.7. All-Star GameIt is the game in which the best players from basketball teams from the eastern and western divisions display their skills. It begins in mid-February.8. ThanksgivingThanksgiving always occurs on the fourth Thursday in November at the end of the harvest season. It is a festival to express thanks for the year’s harvest. On Thanksgiving Day family members always gather for a rich dinner of roast turkey with stuffing, sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie, which are traditional foods eaten on the first Thanksgiving.9. HalloweenHalloween is celebrated on October 31st, shortened from All-Hallows-Eve, the night when the ghosts of the dead walked around. Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, bonfires, costume parties, carving jack-o'-lanterns, haunted houses, reading scary stories and watching horror movies.10. Trick-or-treatingOn this day the children will dress like the character of a book or movie and go “trick-or-treating”. Children knock on neighbors’ doors asking for candy as a treat.Short Answer Questions1.These magazines often contain short stories and serials of strong romantic interest, as well aspractical advice and hints for housewives.2.These are terms which refer to the size of the paper: broadsheet being double the size tabloid.However, the term “tabloid” is traditionally associated with the popular press and concentrates on entertainment; broadsheet is associated with the quality press and places its emphasis on information and analysis.3.In the nineteenth century, students at Oxford and Cambridge, Britain’s two oldest universities,were huge fans of rowing. In 1829, the two schools agreed to hold a race against each other for the first time on the Thames River. The oxford boat won and a tradition was born.4.Shakespeare’s famous plays include tragedies, such as Hamlet (1603), Othello(1604), andKing Lear (1605); comedies, such as A midsummer Night’s Dream(1594-96) and Twelfth Night (1602); and history plays, such as Henry IV, part 1 – 2.5.Rugby League is played mainly in the north of England, and Rugby Union is played in therest of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. The main difference between the two is that the former (which used to be strictly amateur) is played with teams of 15 players, and the latter (which is played by amateurs and professionals) has 13 players to a team.。

英美文化课后答案 Chapter 2 History

英美文化课后答案2Lecture 2 HistoryTell wheher each of the following statements is true or false1-10: FTTFT/TFTFF 11-20: FTTTF/FTTFFFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Celt2. Romans3.5th4. Viking; 10665. Hundred Years’ War6. York7. divorce8.11 9. Elizabeth I; Queen Victoria 10. America 11. 1492 12. Virginia; 1607 13. Thanksgiving Day 14. 13 15. Declaration of Independence 16. 4th of July 17. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 18. 1865 19. World War I 20. World War II 21. Puritans, religious, Mayflower 22. Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, National Day 23. Monroe Doctrine, colonize, interfere 24. agrarian, industrial, Andrew Jackson 25. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, slavery 26. 1932, recovery, New DealChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in text.1-10: ABDCD/CBDAB 11-20: CBDCB/DCADD 21-30: BDABA/DCBCBExplain the following terms.1. The Anglo-SaxonsIn the 5th century, the tribes called the Angles and Saxons invaded Britain, coming from northern Europe. By the end of the 5th century, the Anglo-Saxons ruled most of Britain. Their language was called Old English. From them comes the name of “England” and “English”; England came from “Angle-land” meaning the land of the Anglo-Saxons.2. Norman ConquestAfter King Edward died, Duke William of Normandy, from northern France, declared that Edward had promised to let him become the king. On October 14, 1066, William and his army invaded England and defeated the English army. He was made king and crowned in Westminster Abby on Christmas Day, 1066. William is often referred to as William the Conqueror in English history.3. Robin HoodEngland's best-loved legend of Robin Hood is an outlawed Saxon nobleman oppressed by the Normans. He hid i n the forest near Sherwood with his band of followers, called “merry men”. From this secret wood, they went out to rob from the rich to give to the poor with their longbows. Robin Hood has been a popular subject of numerous films, television series, books, comics and plays.4. The Hundred Years’ WarAt the beginning of the 14th century, England developed into a stronger state in Europe. Consequently, the rich wanted to control more markets and the nobles wanted to regain their lost land. When King Edward III of England declared that he should become the French king, the French rejected his claim so he declared war on France in 1337. The war lasted intermittently for116 years, hence being known as the Hundred Years’ War.5. The Civil WarIn January 1642 the Civil War broke out between the Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) and the Cavaliers (supporters of the King). The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory and it led to the execution of Charles I, and his son Charles II was driven out of the country in 1649. In addition to that, Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the Roundheads,formed republican England, known as the Commonwealth of England and the English monarchy was abolished.6. American IndiansThe American Indians were the descendants of t he Mongoloid. The name “Indians” was given by Columbus when he mistook them for the people of India. It is believed that about 25,000 years ago the Indians crossed the Bering Strait land bridge to Alaska. The American Indians developed the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas.7. Columbus’ “discovery ” of AmericaIn 1492, Columbus persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance his voyage. He believed that by sailing west from Europe, he could reach India. Columbus failed to reach India but landed at one of the Caribbean islands instead. He mistook these islands for part of India and called the local people Indians.8. The MayflowerThe Mayflower has a famous position in American history as a symbol of early European colonization. With their religion oppressed by the Church of England, in the autumn of 1620, 102 people sailed to the New World in a ship named the “Mayflower”. Late in December, the Mayflower finally landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.9. Declaration of IndependenceOn July 2, 1776, the Congress finally determined that these United Colonies ought to be free and independent states. Thomas Jefferson, assisted by Benjamin Franklin, drafted the Declaration of Independence, which the Congress adopted on July 4, 1776. It announced the independence of 13 North American colonies and the birth of a new nation.10. Abraham LincolnIn March 1861 Abraham Lincoln took the office of president. He realized that by making the war a battle against slavery, he could win support for the Union at home and abroad. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which granted freedom to all slaves.11. William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare (1564-1616): English playwright and poet, whose body of works is considered as the greatest in English literature. His plays, many of which were performed at the Globe Theater in London, include historical works, comedies and tragedies. He also composed 154 sonnets and 36 plays.12. Sir Francis BaconSir Francis Bacon (1561-1626): English philosopher, essayist, courtier, jurist, and statesman. His writings include The Advancement of Learning (1605) and The Novum Organum (1620), in which he proposed a theory of scientific knowledge based on observation and experimentation that came to be known as the inductive method.13. Gunpowder PlotGunpowder Plot: Conspiracy of a group of English Catholics to blow up the Houses of parliament where King James I was present on 5 November, 1605. The plan was discovered and Guy Fawkes was caught and burnt alive. In England, 5 November is celebrated with bonfires, fireworks and the burning of the effigies.14. Great Fire of LondonGreat Fire of London (2-5 September, 1666): Worst fire in London’s history. It destroyed a large part of the city, including most of the civic buildings, St. Paul’s Cathedral, 87 parish churches, and about 13,000 houses. It began accidentally at the house of the king’s baker in Pudding Lane near London Bridge.15. Suez Canal CrisisSuez Canal Crisis: A major international incident that arose in 1956 from the decision by Gamal A. Nasser, President of Egypt, to nationalize the Suez Canal, which long had been controlled by Great Britain. After Nasser took over the canal, Britain and France induced Israel to provoke a conflict with Egypt that would serve as a pretext for an Anglo-French invasion of Egypt. The United States, which had been excluded from the planned invasion, denounced it. The incident severely damaged Anglo-American relations.16. John MajorJohn Major (1943- ): British banker and conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister from 1990 to 1997. during this administration, he advocated privatization, anti-inflationary budget discipline, and negotiations for peace in Northern Ireland.17. the First Continental CongressIn September 1774, 55 representatives from all the colonies except Georgia held a meeting in Philadelphia to talk about their troubles with their mother country. The meeting was called the First Continental Congress. At the meeting the majority of representatives still thought they could settle their quarrel with the British by peaceful means. They agreed to refuse to buy British goods, hoping in this way to force the British Government to give in to their demands. They also agreed to raise a volunteer army to protect the colonies if Britain used force to break the boycott.18. Louisiana PurchaseThe most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase, in 1803, gave Western farmer use of the important Mississippi River waterway, removed the French presence from the western border of US, provided US farmers with vast expanses of land, and furthered American leaders’ vision of creating a “Great Nation”.19. US-Spanish WarThe US-Spanish War broke out in April, 1898, lasted for only 70 days and ended with US as the victor. A peace treaty was signed in December 1898 in Paris. As a result of the war, Spain was forced to cede her former colonies Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines to US; US agreed to pay 20 million dollars for them in an attempt to put a good face on its foreign expansion. Cuba remained a US “protectorate”for some years, while the Philippines were not granted its independence until after the end of WW I. US seized Hawaii from Spain after the US-Spanish War. The US-Spanish War was the first imperialist war for re-dividing the world. It marked a new stage in which US transformed into an imperialist power. From that time the US began its modern history.20. roaring twentiesThe expression of “roaring twenties” is often used to describe the period of American life. The roaring twenties ushered in an exciting time of social change and economic prosperity, as the recession at the end of WW II was quickly replaced by an unprecedented period of financial growth. The stock market soared to unimaginable heights because of the so-called Second Industrial Revolution at the turn of the 20th century, which saw the development of new inventions and machines that changed American society drastically.21. Wathergate ScandalIn the presidential election year 1972, five men of the Committee for the Reelection of the President broke into the Democratic national headquarters at the Water Hotel, Washington, D.C., where they planted bugs in order to get information for the Committee. But unfortunately they were arrested. Although it was never approved that Nixon planned the Watergate break-in or that he ever knew about it beforehand, he was eventually forced out of office because he was found guilty for his effort to avoid the investigation and disclosures.。

焦英版《英美文化与习俗》重点部分课后答案

第一章社会风俗习惯如何使用头衔，举止随意的原因，隐私的概念，感谢与道歉，被邀请时做什么，女士优先，闲谈，英国的“三三”习俗◆What titles do you use to show your respect for people?“Sir” and “madam” show respect for position and seniority.◆What suggestion does the author give to the Chinese who are in need of help in the United States?If you go to the United States and are in need of help, do not hesitate to ask for it.◆How do Americans get familiar with one another?They ask some questions about personal subjects (such as his family, job, or home) to learn what they may have in common with you or just in order to begin a conversation.◆What will happen if a person ethers a private house without permission in the United States?He is likely to be accused of trespassing or even burglary.◆What do you avoid asking when you meet a lady?Her age.◆What do the Westerners think of the Chinese students’ excessive expression of gratitude and what is overdoing apology actually considered in the Western world?Empty thanks and insincerity, an awkward behavior.◆What will an American teacher get annoyed when a Chinese student makes excessive expressions of gratitude?Because excessive expressions of gratitude gives American teacher the sense of empty thanks and insincerity, and makes him feel uncomfortable.◆What is considered an awkward behavior in the American society?Overdoing apology actually is an awkward behavior in the American society.◆What is the proper time that you should get to the place where you are invited?We should get to the place at the fixed time, or ten minutes after that.◆What do you have to do if you are likely to be 15 minutes late?We should make a telephone call to your hostess, and have a proper reason for being late.◆What is a proper gift that you should take to the hostess?Some flowers at the party. And if you are going to stay overnight or over the weekend, a book, a box of candy, a bottle of wine, or some other similar gift are proper.◆What are men expected to do when a woman guest comes into the sitting room?Men in the room are expected to stand up when she comes in.◆Where should the guest sit if the host or hostess or both of them come in a car to fetch him/her for dinner?The guest should squeeze into and sit at the front seat and leave the rear seat vacant, as the host or hostess is also the driver.◆What are the general rules that you have to follow when people speak to you?People in the States expect those whom they speak to put aside whatever they are doing and listen, and the conversation distance between two people is at least two or three feet.◆Why don’t the British try to bargain when they do shopping?Because sometimes they consider it losing face. And they just buy what they want at what they think a reasonable price, and take such a practice for granted.◆What do the three “ings” refer to?Three “ings ” refer to betting, drinking and tipping, the ending for each of which is “ing”.第二章社交礼仪与礼节表达礼貌的方式，携带礼物，公共场合的举止行为，餐桌礼仪，校园内的社会交往◆What is the common way for Americans to entertain a guest?Americans warmly welcome visitors into their homes, and try to do as many special things for a guest as time permits.◆What is a suitable gift that you should bring to a hostess if you are going to stay overnight or fora weekend?It’s customary to bring the hostess a small present—often a book, a box of candy, a bottle of wine, or some similar gift.◆Which flowers are not suitable ones as gifts according to the usual European caveat?Red roses, white lilies, or chrysanthemums.◆Why is pushing one’s way through a crowd considered quite rude in the U.S.?Because physical contact make them extremely anxious. And visitors who violate Americans’ notions concerning touching are likely to be regard as “pushy” or “aggressive”.◆What does the notion “Line up, and wait your turn.” reflect?It reflects all people are equal, in the sense that no one has the privilege of going directly to the front of a line. It also reflects their aversion to touching, which is much less likely to happen in a line than in a crowd jostling to get service.◆How do you define the notion “Don’t block the traffic”?Americans give priority to people who are moving rather than to those who are stationary.◆What should foreign smokers do before they start smoking?Asking those around them, “Do you mind if I smoke?” is a good idea, and so is acceding to the wishes of those who say they mind.◆How do you use the set of silverware at a classy dinner?Use it from the outside in.◆What is the definition of “Dutch treat”?Split the check.◆Why do Americans prefer to split the check?Because they are fond of the ideas of self-reliance and fairness. If you don’t owe me and I don’t owe you we have a nice even relationship.◆Who is usually responsible for the expenses on a date?When a man invites a woman for a date, he generally assumes responsibility for all expenses on the date. If the man continues to date the same woman, she may offer to pay part of the expenses.◆What does dating a variety of people indicate in the U.S.?It does not indicate frivolity on the part of a man or promiscuity on the part of a woman, but on reasonable accord.第三章生活方式与风格生活节奏，友谊模式，住房，开车，住在郊区的美国人，英国人的闲暇时光和私生活◆Why is American society said to “be ruled by the clock”?Everything is done in orderly fashion or by means of schedule.◆What do most Americans do when they find that you are a stranger?Most Americans become quite kindly and will take great care to help you.◆What is the most outstanding characteristic of the contemporary United States society? Perhaps the most outstanding characteristic of the contemporary United States society is its diversity.◆What is the foreigners’ comment on the Americans’ materialism?Some foreigners view this as a “lack of appreciation for the spiritual or human aspects of life”, while others see it as a way of assuring the continuation of comparatively high standard of living in the country.◆Where can a foreign student gain the detailed information on local housing options?The foreign student adviser, the housing office of the institution, bulletin boards located in dormitories, cafeterias, libraries, etc.◆What does a foreign student have to do before signing a contract?He should study it carefully or ask a lawyer or some other knowledgeable person to read it, and examine the apartment carefully.◆What is the common form of paying the rent of an apartment or a house?Rents are normally payable one month in advice, usually on the first day of each month.◆Why does a foreign student have to pay a deposit before moving into an apartment or a house? For the damages during one’s occupancy.◆What do American traffic laws generally cover?American traffic laws cover the same subjects that traffic laws elsewhere cover: who can legally drive, minimum and maximum speeds, turning, parking, entering moving traffic, responding to emergency vehicles, vehicle maintenance, and so on.◆What are American people’s attitudes toward traffic laws?Generally, Americans expect traffic laws to be enforced.◆What does an American do once he has reached home?He is interested in working to improve it—making things, mending things, and work on the car —to make it as pleasant as possible.◆What does the American new suburb recreate?The new suburb recreates the sense of community of the old country village.◆Why do the British often visit the fish—and—chip shop?Because it’s possible to buy over the counter a piece of fried fish and potatoes.◆Which place is as British as pubs in Great Britain?The teashop is almost as British as the pub.◆Where do middle class people in Britain prefer to go to spend their leisure hours and why?To saloon bars, which are more comfortable and less crowded.第四章食品与饮食习惯饮食习俗，传统的英国食品，与美国人共餐◆What is America described as? And why?America is describe d as a “melting pot”. Because of its diversity.◆What is the warning to a diner before he/she enters a restaurant in a city?Never judge by appearance, which may be misleading. Those that look small and informal may really be very expensive; and those that look large and expensive may just be ordinary.◆Where can a person get a quick and inexpensive meal?A variety of informal eating places, such as snack bars, coffee shops, cafeteria, drugstore restaurants, and so on.◆What is American food like in general?In general, American food is mild tasting; most Americans do not season their food to any great degree.◆What does a main course include?The main course served in American meals is usually meat, fish, or poultry, but rarely is more than one of these served at the same meal.◆What are the other popular drinks apart from coffee and tea?Besides tea and coffee, other drinks popular in America are cola, milk and milk drinks called milkshakes, fruit juices, and other mild drinks.◆What are the most popular fast food in the U.S.?Hot dogs and hamburgers are the most popular fast food in the U.S.◆What helped the English to add a number of colorful foreign words to the vocabulary and foreign dishes to the table in the Victorian time?The Victorian tendency to send splendidly choleric officials to war and rule over far-flung corners of the empire, and then later to retire them to the home countries, add a number of colorful foreign words to the vocabulary and foreign dishes to the table.◆Why do the English tend to underrate their own food and slight their cookery?Because it is homely and familiar.◆What are the traditional English food that may impress foreigners?The puddings and cakes are the things that a foreigner will remember the most.◆What are the three ways that the American people prepare their food?Boiled in water, grilled, and deep-fried.◆What are usually served as the main course?Usually a piece of chicken or steak or a slice of ham, with a few fried potatoes and some peas, or whatever, boiled to a pulp.◆What do American people usually do after dinner?Invite you to the living room to talk for two or three hours.第五章传统节日及其历史新年，四月愚人节，复活节的象征物，传统万圣节和万圣节的变化，感恩节的历史和现代感恩节，圣诞节◆Who was Janus? Did it have anything to do with January?Janus was the Roman god of beginnings and endings. The month January was named for Janus.◆How did the custom of the Tournament of Roses Parade get started?In 1890, some people living in sunny and warm Pasadena, California picked flowers from their gardens and put them on their horses and buggies, and on New Year’s Day drove through their small town of Pasadena.◆What do the majority of Americans and New Yorker do on New Year’s Eve?It was a time to think back over the past year, and especially of your sins and failures.◆How did April Fools’ Day develop into an international fun feast?The tradition eventually spread to England and Scotland in the eighteenth century, and it was later introduced to the American colonies of both the England and French.◆What do people usually do on April Fool’s Day?They play practical jokes on other people.◆What rules should we obey when we play tricks on April Fools’ Day?An April Fools’ joke must always be done in kindness, and only to a fr iend. It should be what is called “good clean fun.”◆Why is there such a symbol as the Easter Bunny?The symbol originated with the pagan festival of Easter.◆Why is the egg used as the Easter symbol?Because from the earliest times, the egg was a symbol of rebirth in most cultures.◆What do adults often do for Halloween?They take part in Halloween costume party at hotel or home.◆What are American people supposed to do on Thank-giving Day?Americans give thanks to God for the grace and mercy He has granted, acknowledging His blessings toward us throughout the year.◆What are the Four F’s concerning the modern Thanks-giving Day?Food, family, football and friends.◆What does it mean by a white Christmas?What we mean by a white Christmas is an old-fashioned Christmas or a traditional New England Christmas. There will be snow, and there will be a traditional white New England church.◆Why do American people have a tree at Christmas?Because one thing that most homes in America have at Christmas time is a Christmas tree.◆Why is it said that sports business is a big business in America?Sports games require clothing, supplies, equipments that can be quite costly experience, and some companies make big profits by advertising their products on TV, newspapers, magazines, etc.◆Americans’ casual wear and behavior in routine life best display their characteristic of informality. (T)◆You’d better not to ask people in the Western countries such questions as marriage ,status ,income ,religious belief ,or choice of voting ,etc. (T)◆The British do not expect or welcome bargaining because they consider it insensitive and offensive. (F)◆Americans do not expect you to show your courtesy in return, for they are understanding and enjoy welcoming you and feel pleased if you accept their friendship easily. (T)◆A host/hostess usually offers additional serving to the guests by passing the dish containing food from one person to another. (F)◆Americans’ preference to splitting the check fully in dicates their stinginess. (F)◆The relationship of the individuals of the opposite sex may lead to casual acquaintance, a type of friendship or a passionate involvement or even marriage. (T)◆Both of the boy (man) and the girl (woman) in American have the responsibility for the expenses on the date. (F)◆You may miss smiles and brief conversations with people in the American cities where everyone appears in a hurry. (T)◆As Americans live in a mobile and ever-changing society in which people tend to avoid deep involvements with others, they tend to have casual friendship. (T)◆When struggling for their status and wealth, Americans usually ignore the spiritual or human aspect of life. (F)◆Driving in the US entails not only mechanical manipulations of an automobile, but customary styles of driving. (T)◆People of all classes in Britain prefer to go to pub, in which they will have great fun and free talk in their private hours. (F)◆Restaurants on campus and on the outskirts of towns attract students, drivers and motorists because they are convenient and serve large portion of good and filling food at low prices. (T)◆The English people tend to underrate their own food and slight their cookery because their national cuisine is simple and awful. (F)◆The English enthusiastic adoption of foreign food has enriched their cuisine, and they have almost made some foreign food national dishes. (T)◆The tradition of holding an “Open House” on New Year’s Day was brought into America by Dutch immigrants and the customs of d ressing up in special costumes for New Year’s Day parade and eating baked ham were brought by Swedish immigrants. (T)◆The rules for the game of Easter Egg Roll are:a) To see who can roll an egg the longest time.b) To see who can make the egg roll without breaking in on a rough and windy road. (F)◆Americans’ interest in spectator sports seems really excessive and even obsessive to many foreign visitors. (T)◆The American government is not allowed to operate a radio or TV station to reach American people, because American people fear that the government might take the advantage of media to influence voters in elections. (T)◆A person’s privacy is viewed as an individual territory or private property that no one can share without permission in the US.◆“Avoiding excess at the dinner table” is viewed as “modesty”, which is the hallmark of the common people in the Western world.◆In the United States, there is a widespread practice of making “small talk” in certain social situations. Small talk deals with various topics superficially, simple for the sake of keeping a conversation going.◆Americans do not show visitors great quantity of special courtesy if doing so requires much of their time.◆In American, dating a variety of members of opposite sex does not indicate frivolity on part ofa man or promiscuity on part of a woman.◆City people in America always appear in a hurry and tend to be impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment. They lead a fast paced life.◆The notable characteristics: Individualism, Informality, Casual Friendship, Time Consciousness, and Materialism best describe attitudes and practices that common among the American people.◆On the arrival in the US, a foreign student should gain further information on local housing options, and some knowledge of types of housing, rent, utilities, facilities, transit service, etc. before signing a contract.◆Traffic accidents in the US are usually considered to result from carelessness, or mechanical failures, and not from “fate”, “God’s will”, or other forces beyond human control.◆A great number of colorful foreign words have been brought into the English language, and many foreign dishes have gradually been adopted and anglicized since the Great Britain’s colonial time.◆The Chinese woman found that eating American meals most troublesome. She could neither appreciate the food prepared by the Americans nor understand Americans’ talk and laugh after the dinner.◆A New Year’s resolution is a determination to yourself to improve in some way in the coming new year.◆Easter is now a festival less religious and people in the Western countries celebrate it just for fun and enjoy it with the Easter Symbols-Easter Bunny, Easter Egg, and Easter flowers.◆On Halloween night, people dress up in different costumes, wear masks, and yell “trick or treat!” at the doors of their neighbors’ houses.◆Sports and recreation absorb a huge amount of Americans’ emotion, as well as their time, and in some cases, money.◆Marking noise while eating is considered as ill-bred, and a person who does so may offend those who are having dinner with him/her.◆When invited to a dinner, you should not express your disapproval or dislike of certain foods. Either eat it or pass it over quietly. Eat it if you like and set it aside if you dislike it.◆When purchasing a car, it is advisable for the foreign student to be accompanied by an American who is familiar with the procedures involved, price ranges, and so forth.◆The most refined action of “please pass me the salt/pepper.” is not about the efficiency but requires the greatest number of steps to carry it out.◆President Nixon had to resign mainly because reporters for Washington Post newspaper revealed that the president had lied when he was asked about the Watergate burglary.。

英美文化英语简答

1、What was the British Empire?What do you know about it?In what way is the Empire still felt in British and in the international field?and how are the old colonies connected at present?（大英帝国是什么?你知道些什么呢?以何种方式是帝国还觉得在英国和在国际领域吗?目前,旧殖民地是如何连接的?）1)The British Empire comprised the dominions,colonies,protectora tes,mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the Uni ted kingdom.大英帝国的领土组成,殖民地,保护国、授权和其他领土或由英国统治。

2)The effect of the old imperial role loes in 4 aspects.First,Britain still have a close relationship with the countries which uesd to be a part of empire in a organization called Commonwealth of Nations.Second,Britain had been a member of European Union since 1973,which is more important today in Britain's international relationship.Third,Britain is still a relatively wealthy country and member of the Group of Seven large developed economies.Fourth,the obvious effect lies in the make-up population.Immigration from some of those Commonwealth countries has produced a population which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.旧帝国的影响作用卫矛在4个方面。

英美文化答案二

各位同学：问答题第2题What are the elements and functions of British government? Discuss the role of each element and explain chiefly.这道题去掉.改为学习手册英国文化第一章的问答题Why is it not easy to talk about a typical Englishman? State the reasons from the historical points of view.It’s not easy to talk about a typical Englishman, because, from the historical point of view, the English are descended from so many different peoples who all came and settled in England at some time or other.The Celts came from central and north-western Europe between 700 and 200 BC. Then the Romans invaded England in 55 BC. The Celtic-Roman culture had been well-established when the Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes came. From AD 450 to 600 they gradually took control of most of the country, became Christians and settled down as farmers and came to be the basis of modern English race.Next, came the invasion of the Viking Danes from Scandinavia. They too settled, intermarried and fused with the local population.In AD 1066, William of Normandy invaded England from France. The French-speaking conquerors intermarried with the ruling Saxon families. At that time, French influence grew so strong that many aspects of England’s social and cultural life became totally French.After England became a Protestant country in the 16th century, it became a refuge for other Protestants from Catholic States who were being persecuted for their faith.Over the centuries, many other refugees suffering from political and religious persecution have found a home in England and their specific skills, as well as their languages, have enriched the English economy and culture. Great migrations also occurred in this century until the Commonwealth Immigrants Acts came into effect in 1962.英国文化课后题答案Unit one1.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the NorthernIreland2.55BC3. inventive, hard-working , serious-minded andcautious with money4.love of music and poetry, a great feeling for the music ofwords5.10,0006. Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, Dylan Thomas ,Gwyn Thomas, Jonathan Swift , Oscar Wilde6.Angles, Saxons , JutesIII. DDBABUnit Two1.The Crusades2. Columbus , Vasco d a·Gama2.Hundred Years’ War3.Parliament, the king 5. Charles Darwin7.the great slump 7. the League of Nations, the New UnitedNations OrganizationIII. BDACDUnit Three1.AD 587 10662. latin, Germanic3. Norman French4.Anglo-saxon, Latin, French5. Middle, Modern5.AD 1500 7. BBC annoucersIII. DACCUnit Four1.Elizabeth the Second2. On her majesty’s service3.the Most Noble Order of the Garter4.the head of the Church of England5.Acts of Parliament, the prerogative of the Crown, Coventions of the Constitution, common law, Parliamentary Privilege6. 5, 6357.the Crown, the House of Lords, the House of Commons8. the Queen in Parliament 9. the final appeal court in civil cases and criminal cases except criminal cases in Scotland10. make laws, to control and criticize the executive government, control the raising and spending of money11. the Lord Chancellor 12. The Prime Minister13. the Queen in Parliament, cabinet, the House of Commons, ParliamentIII. BCADCAUnit five1.coal, water power2. the Second World War , the Bank ofEngland, coal, civil aviation 3. Labour 4. a nation of shopkeepers 5. the discovery and exploitation of oil and gas in the North SeaIII. ADDAAUnit Six1.the Anglo-Saxon, epic of Beowulf, 6th2.P114 4段3.P114 6段4. Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton6.Thomas More , Utopia 6. Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, The Taming of the Shrew, A Mid Summer Nights’Dream, As you like it, Richard II, Richard III, Henry IV parts I and II7.Essays 8. Paradise Lost , Paradise Regained, SamsonAgonistes 9. Pilgrim’s Progress 10. Jonathan Swift11. London and the Vanity of Human Wishes 12. Robert Burns 13.Robinson Crusoe 14. Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats 15. Jane Auston, Charlotte Bronte ,Emily Bronte16. Robert Louis Stevenson, Lewis Carroll, William Makepeace Thackeray, David Copperfield, Pockwich Papers, George Eliot, Oscar Wilde, the Return of the Native, Tess of the D’urbervilles 17. James Joyce , Ulysses, George Bernard ShawIII. DACAA DAADDUnit Seven1.Roman Catholic Church, Protestant Church2.the Old Testament , the New Testament3.the Queen , the Archbishop of Canterbury4.God, Jesus, Holy Spirit5.presbyterian6.the Pope in Rome7.the Methodist Church, Congregational Church, the BaptistChurch, the Presbyterian, Quakers8.humbler of lifeunit 81.ill-bred2.modesty, conceit3.a sense of humor4.sportsmanshipunit 91.5, 152.Christmas, Easter, summer3.the selective, the comprehensive4.Eton, Harrow, Rugby5.freedom6.Oxford, Cambridge7.Glasgow Aberdeen8.London University9.Leeds, Lancaster10.e xclusiveness11.A CDDUnit 101.the insurance fund2.the first3.P188 第二段倒数第六行4.14 Regions ，a university medical school, 72 areas5.has made its weekly contributions to the fund6.5, 19 monthsIII. CABA美国文化Unit 41.Irving and Cooper2.Poe , The Fall of the House of Usher3.a small town 20 miles northwest of Boston ,Ralph WaldoEmerson, Henry David Thoreau ,Nathaniel Hawthorne4.Nature, The American Scholar, Self-Reliance5.Walden6.Scarlet Letter7.Melville8.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn9.Theodore Dreiser10.T he Great Gatesby , a man at the end of his youth ,striving torecapture a beautiful dream he once believed in11.D os Passos12.T he Sound and the Fury, Light in August, Absalom, Absalom13.The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom theBell Tolls14.John Steinbeck, Ralph Ellison15.E ugene O’Neill Long Day’s Journey into Night III. CADBD BCCA D BC。

英美文化课后答案Chapter7

英美文化课后答案Chapter7英美文化课后答案7Lecture 7T ell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1-10: FTFTT/FTTFT 11-20: TFTFT/TFTTTFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Old English2. The Canterbury Tales3. The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus4. William Shakespeare5. historical plays; comedies6. P. B. Shelley; William Wordsworth7. Sense and Sensibility8. Oliver Twist9. The Heart of Darkness 10. stream of consciousness 11. the Transcendentalist Club 12. Natty Bumpoo 13. Moby Dick 14. Walt Whitman 15. The Red Badge of Courage 16. King of the English 17. Lord Protector 18. Princess Diana 19. Alchemist 20. calculus, gravitation 21. religious, interpretation 22. Boz 23. clerk, potential 24. florid, poetic 25. Locomotive 26. instructor 27. James Bond Series 28. satirist, boom, 1960s 29. Julie Andrews 30. big, gigantic 31. John Peel 32. The Lady with the Lamp 33. land, water 34. George Washington 35. New Deal 36. John Fitzgerald Kennedy 37. George Walker Bush 38. Barack Hussein Obama 39. Martin Luther King 40. Ray Kroc 41. Disneyland Park 42. William Henry Bill Gates 43. The Sketch BookChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: BACCA/DABDB 11-20: CABBA/CDCAD 21-30:CBADC/BACBA31-32: CDExplain the following terms.1. The Canterbury TalesChaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is made up of a series of stories. These stories are told by pilgrims who were on their way to the important Christian church at Canterbury. Although these tales are incomplete, they cover all major types of medieval literature. It contains almost all the typical medieval figures. It isa miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time.2.William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare is probably the best known literary figure in the world. His many plays include tragedies, comedies and history plays. Shakespeare created four great tragedies. Hamlet is the most performed play in the world. Shakespeare is regarded as one of the founders of realism in the world literature.3. Jane EyreJane Eyre tells the story of an orphan, who has a loveless childhood at a terrible boarding school. When she grows up, she goes to work for Mr. Rochester as a governess to his child. Mr. Rochester becomes attracted to her because of her independence and free spirit.4. Tess of the D’UrbervillesThis story tells the tragic fate of Tess, a beautiful country girl. Tess is seduced by Alec D’urbervilles and has an illegitimate baby. She meets Angel Clare and they fall in love with each other. However, she is abandoned by Angel when he knows her past story. Tess has no choice butto live with Alec because her father dies and the family is starving. Later Angel regrets how he abandoned Tess and comes back to find her. Tess kills Alec in strong despair and greatmadness.5. Stream of consciousnessIn literary critic ism, “stream of consciousness” is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an individual's point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions.6. TranscendentalismTranscendentalism was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century. Among transcendentalists' core beliefs was an ideal spiritual state that “transcends” the physical and empirical and is only realized through the individual's intuition, rather than through the doctrines of established religions. Prominent transcendentalists included Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.7. The lost generationThis is a term coined by author and poet, Gertrude Stein. Often it is used to refer to a group of American writers who lived in Paris and other parts of Europe, some after military service in the First World War. Figures identified with the "Lost Generation" include authors and poets Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Ezra Pound. The Lost Generation captures the zeitgeist of the time period: disillusionment.8. Moby DickIt is considered one of the world’s greatest masterpieces. This is a story about a whaling voyage. The hero Ishmael went out to sea on the whaling ship, Pequod. The captain, Ahab, lost one leg on a previous voyage when he met the white whale Moby Dick, so he was determined to kill the white whale. At last MobyDick appeared and Captain Ahab ordered his ship to fight with it. All the crew were drowned except Ishmael, who survived to tell the story.9. Mark TwainMark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Twain had an American sense of humor; he dealt with the lower strata of society. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was an immediate success and its sequel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, became his masterwork. Mark Twain made colloquial speech a literary medium. This is his great contribution to American literature. His style influenced writers who followed, like Sherwood Anderson and Ernest Hemmingway.10. The Great GatsbyF. Scott Fitzgerald’s masterpiece is The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald created a myth out of American life from his personal experience. Gatsby falls in love with Daisy, but he is too poor to marry her. Daisy married Tom Buchanan. In order to win his love back, Gatsby began bootlegging and other activities to make a big fortune. But finally he found Daisy was not the ideal love of his dreams. He had a strong sense of loss and disillusionment.11. Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor and film director of the silent film era. He became one of the best-known film stars in the world before the end of the First World War. Chaplin used mime, slapstick and other visual comedy routines, and continued well into the era of the talkies, though his films decreased in frequency from the end of the 1920s. His most famous role was that of The Tramp, which he first played in the Keystone comedy Kid Auto Races at Venice in 1914. From the April 1914 one-reeler Twenty Minutes of Loveonwards he was writing and directing most of his films, by 1916 he was also producing, and from 1918 composing the music. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, he co-founded United Artists in 1919.12. John LennonJohn Lennon (9 October 1940 – 8 December 1980) was an English singer-songwriter who rose to worldwide fame as one of the founding members of The Beatles, and together with Paul McCartney formed one of the most successful songwriting partnerships of the 20th century. Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, his writing, on film, and in interviews, and became controversial through his work as a peace activist. He moved to New Y ork City in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by Richard Nixon's administration to deport him, while his songs were adapted as anthems by the anti-war movement. Disengaging himself from the music business in 1975 to devote time to his family, Lennon reemerged in 1980 with a comeback album, Double Fantasy, but was murdered three weeks after its release.13. David BeckhamDavid Beckham (born 2 May 1975) is an English footballer who currently plays in midfield for Los Angeles Galaxy in Major League Soccer, having previously played for Manchester United, Preston North End, Real Madrid, and Milan, as well as the England national team, for whom he holds the all-time appearance record for an outfield player.Beckham has twice been runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Y ear and in 2004 was the world's highest-paid footballer when taking into account salary and advertising deals. Beckham was the first British footballer to play 100Champions League matches. He was Google's most searched of all sports topics in both 2003 and 2004. With such global recognition he has become an elite advertising brand and a top fashion icon. When joining the MLS in 2007 he was given the highest player salary in the league's history, with his playing contract with the Galaxy over the next three years being worth $6.5m per year.14. James WattJames Watt (19 January 1736 –25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both the Kingdom of Great Britain and the world.15. Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910) was a celebrated English nurse, writer and statistician. A Christian universalist, Nightingale believed that God had called her to be a nurse. She came to prominence for her pioneering work in nursing during the Crimean War, where shetended to wounded soldiers. She was dubbed "The Lady with the Lamp" after her habit of making rounds at night. Nightingale laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment, in 1860, of her nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London, the first secular nursing school in the world. The Nightingale Pledge taken by new nurses was named in her honour, and the annual International Nurses Day is celebrated around the world on her birthday.Translation1. 值得怀疑的是在人们最需要开心、快乐与放松的时候，是否能有人比卓别林带给人们更多的欢乐。

英美文化课后答案 Chapter 1 Geography

英美文化课后答案1Lecture 1 GeographyTell whether each of the following statement is true or false.1-10: TTTFF/FTFTT11-20: FTFFF/TFFFTFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. the North Sea, the English Channel2. Great Britain, Ireland3. the highland zone, the lowland zone4. the Republic of Ireland5. London6. Buckingham Palace7. the Royal Standard8. Edinburgh9. the British Isles 10. Scotch whiskey 11. fourth 12. Canada, Mexico 13. Pacific Ocean 14. the Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains 15. cold, mild 16. Christopher Columbus, George Washington 17. Wall Street 18. San Francisco 19. the Oscars 20. Walk of Fame 21. English Channel 22. North Sea, Atlantic Ocean 23. cooler, rainfall, sunlight 24. Highlands 25. 11.8 26. 58.4, 239 27. Anglo-Saxons, Celts 28. English, Gaelic, Welsh 29. established 30. free, Baptist, the United Reformed Church, Methodists, Quaker 31. Reformation 32. Christians 33. Sabbath 34. metric, monetary 35. Canada; Mexico; Russia 36. 1783 37. Russia; Canada; China 38. north-central; four 39. tropical; volcanic islands 40. “Father of Waters”; “Old Man River”, the Rockies; the Gulf of Mexico 41. the Mississippi River; the Columbia River 42. the Great Lakes, lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Lake Michigan, Canada 43. the west, the USA, Mexico, Canada 44. hurricanesChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stted in the text.1-10: BDBDC/ADCAA 11-20: ABDBA/CCBAB 21-30: ABDDA/BCCDA 31-40: CADAA/BCBABExplain the following terms.1.The British IslesThe British Isles is the name of some islands in Western Europe, separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. Among the islands, Great Britain and Ireland are the two main ones. The country of the U.K. mainly consists of these two islands.2.LondonLondon is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the world’s ninth largest city. As one of the world's most important business, financial and cultural centers, it carries a lot of influence in aspect of politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion and the arts. The city is also a major tourist destination for both domestic and overseas visitors.3.Edinburgh FestivalEdinburg h is well known for the annual Edinburgh Festival, the world’s largest arts festival. Established in 1947, it takes place in the city during three weeks every August alongside severalother arts and cultural festivals, collectively known as the Edinburgh Festival.4. New York CityThe city of New York, the largest city in the United States, is known for its status as a financial, cultural, transportation, and manufacturing center. The city consists of five boroughs: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Among American cities, New York is unique for its 24-hour mass transit, so the city is sometimes referred to as "The City that Never Sleeps". New York City is the most populous city in the United States, and it is unique for the density and diversity of its population.5. White HouseThe White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. It was built between 1792 and 1800 in the late Georgian style and has been the executive residence of every U.S. President since John Adams, the 2nd president of the U.S.6.HollywoodHollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California. Because it is well known as the historical center of movie studios and stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a symbol for the American film and television industry. Many historic Hollywood theaters are used as venues to premiere major theatrical releases and host the Academy Awards. Hollywood is a popular destination for nightlife and tourism and home to the Walk of Fame.7. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is that part of the British Isles ruled over by the Queen. It consists of Scotland, Wales and England, and also the Northern part of Ireland. The full title of the United Kingdom is therefore “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.8. The highland zoneThe highland zone is an area of high hills and mountains in the north and west. And the highest elevations in the Britain Isles are in the highland zone. The highland zone is cooler than the lowland zone, and receives more rainfall and less sunlight.9. The lowland zoneThe lowland zone in the south and east of Britain consists mostly of rolling plains with a gentle, undulating surface and extensive areas of almost-level ground. It receives less rain and more sunshine than the highland zone and much of the soil in the zone is fertile. Most of Britain’s population lives densely packed into the lowland zone, which covers most of England. The metropolis of London and most of Britain’s large cities are located in the lowland zone.10. The Pennine ChainThe Pennine Chain is the backbone of England. It is a massive upland area extending 260km north to south, starting at the Cheviot Hills on England’s border with Scotland and ending in the Midlands of central England. It is made up of several broad, rolling, windswept moorlandsseparated by deep river valleys. Many of England’s major industrial areas lie on the flanks of the Pennie Chain, where there are many coalfields.11. ThamesThe Thames is the second longest river in Britain. It is 338km long, and flows eastward out of the Cotswold Hills and weaves through the metropolis of London. The Thames provides water to the city of London and is used to carry commercial freight.12. The Church of EnglandIt is the established church of the English nation, with the king or queen as the head of the Church and being crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury in Westminster.13. Free ChurchesThey are Protestant churches outside the Church of England, including Baptists, the United Reformed Church, Quakers and Methodists. They suffered religious and political persecution in the 17th century, and were excluded from many offices and places, until the early 19th century. They were once called “dissenters” and “non-conformists”, now they are called members of Free Churches.14. EasterIt is a Christian festival, kept on the first Sunday after the first full moon of the vernal equinox, commemorating Christ’s resurrection. Parents usually color hard-boiled eggs before Easter. Late Saturday night or early Sunday morning the eggs are hidden, and the children have an Easter egg. Little children believe the Easter rabbit comes and leaves the eggs for them.15. Westminster AbbeyIt is an ancient church where kings and queens are crowned and where, particularly in Poets’Corner, many famous men and women are buried.16. ReformationIt began as a political movement as much as a religious one: when the Pope would not let Henry VIII divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, Henry declared himself head of the English Church and dissolved the monasteries. Protestantism, of a Calvinist type, was introduced under Edward VI, Mary I brought a catholic reaction, but with Elizabeth I the Church of England was established on a moderate protestant basis.。

朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》课后习题详解(1-12章)【圣才出品】

第1部分英国文化第1章谁是英国人I.Explain each of the following in English1.The Scottish Highlanders【答案】The Scottish Highlander consider himself the’true’Scot and he wears his national dress,the kilt,with pride.They are a proud,independent and hardy people who mainly live by farming sheep in the mountain areas.2.The British Isles【答案】The British Isles are a group of islands off the northwest coast of continental Europe that include the islands of Great Britain,Ireland and over six thousand smaller isles.There are two sovereign states located on the islands:the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.The National Eisteddfod【答案】The National Eisteddfod takes place each August and lasts for about a week. The highlight of the Eisteddfod is a competition for the best epic poem about Wales written and read in Welsh;the winner is crowned Bard,considered the supreme honor in Wales.4.Bard【答案】In medieval Gaelic and British culture,a bard was a professional poet, employed by a patron,such as a monarch or nobleman,to commemorate the patron’s ancestors and to praise the patron’s own activities.5.Northern Ireland(Ulster)【答案】In1922,Ireland was partitioned.The26countries of southern Ireland became the Irish Free State,later re-named the Republic of Eire.The six countries of Ulster,in the north,remained part of the United Kingdom with their own parliament, Stormont,responsible for internal affairs.6.Oliver Cromwell【答案】He was an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England,Scotland and Ireland.7.William III【答案】William III was a sovereign Prince of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau by birth.From1672he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland,Utrecht,Gelderland,and Over Ijssel of the Dutch Republic.From1689he reigned as William III over England and Ireland;it is a coincidence that his regna number(III)was the same for both Orange and England.As King of Scotland,he is known as William II.He is informally known by sections of the population inNorthern Ireland and Scotland as“King Billy”.In what became known as the “Glorious Revolution”,on5November1688William invaded England in an action that ultimately deposed King James II&VII and won him the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland.In the British Isles,William ruled jointly with his wife,Mary II, until her death on28December1694.The period of their joint reign is often referred to as“William and Mary”.8.The Orange Day celebrations【答案】(1)Celebrations held by Protestants on12August each year in Northern Ireland to commemorate the battle of the Royne in1690when the Protestant King William III(William of Orange)crushed a Catholic rebellion in Londonderry.(2)The celebrations were always aggressively provocative and fightings often broke out between Protestant marchers and Catholic bystanders.9.The Provisional IRA【答案】(1)IRA,the Irish Republican Army,is a nationalist organization dedicated to the unification of Ireland.(2)It was organized in1919.(3)In1969it split into an“official”majority,which disclaimed violence,and a terrorist”provisional”wing,whose attacks on British troops in Northern Ireland, random bombings,and others acts of terror in England kept tensions high.10.The Peace People【答案】(1)In the summer of1976Betty Williams,a Protestant house-wife,was so horrified at the killing of two children by a running IRA car that she decided to organize the women of Ulster,both Protestant and Catholic,into a pressure group.(2)It is a pressure group working for peace and reconciliation in Ireland. Williams and her catholic partner,Corrigan,soon gathered thousands of followers despite threats and intimidation from both sides.(3)They continued to pursue their aims and at the end of1976the two leaders were awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.11.William the Conqueror【答案】In AD1066William of Normandy(William the conqueror)landed with a large armed force on the south coast and won a great victory over the Saxons.He and his French-speaking followers set up a strong central government which brought a new unified discipline and control to the country.II.Fill in the blanks.1.The full name of the United Kingdom is_____.【答案】the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.【解析】根据英美文化常识可知，英国的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

英美文化概况考研真题答案

英美文化概况考研真题答案一、选择题1. 英国的国教是：A. 天主教B. 东正教C. 新教D. 伊斯兰教答案：C2. 美国的独立日是每年的哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 4月4日D. 4月16日答案：A3. 英国文学史上最著名的戏剧家是：A. 乔治·奥威尔B. 威廉·莎士比亚C. 查尔斯·狄更斯D. 托马斯·哈代答案：B4. 美国的首都是：A. 纽约B. 华盛顿特区C. 洛杉矶D. 芝加哥答案：B5. 英国的君主立宪制开始于：A. 光荣革命B. 工业革命C. 法国大革命D. 美国独立战争答案：A二、填空题1. 英国的全称是_________。

答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. 美国的宪法制定于_________年。

答案：17873. 英国的第二大城市是_________。

答案：曼彻斯特4. 美国的国花是_________。

答案：玫瑰5. 英国的议会分为_________和_________。

答案：上议院下议院三、简答题1. 简述英国的工业革命对世界的影响。

答案：英国的工业革命是18世纪末至19世纪初的一场重大经济和社会变革，它极大地提高了生产效率，促进了城市化进程，改变了人类的工作和生活方式。

工业革命还推动了全球贸易的发展，加速了资本主义经济体系的形成，并对全球的政治、经济格局产生了深远的影响。

2. 描述美国的文化多元性。

答案：美国是一个文化多元的国家，其文化多元性主要体现在种族、宗教、语言和社会习俗等方面。

美国汇聚了来自世界各地的移民，形成了一个包容各种文化和价值观的社会。

这种多元性不仅丰富了美国的文化生活，也促进了创新和社会进步。

四、论述题1. 论述英美两国在教育体系上的差异。

答案：英国和美国在教育体系上存在一些显著的差异。

英国的教育体系较为传统和统一，强调学术性和等级制度，而美国的教育体系则更为灵活和多样化，强调创新和实践能力。

英国的大学教育通常为期三年，而美国的大学教育则为四年。

英美社会与文化试题参考答案(仅供参考)

An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding, predominantly in the form of school fees. In England and Wales the term public school is often used to refer to what is normally called in other countries a "private" school, a term which originally referred to those schools named in the Public Schools Act 1868. These schools themselves tend to prefer the term "independent school".The melting pot is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States; the melting-together metaphor was in use by the 1780s.After 1970 the desirability of assimilation and the melting pot model was challenged by proponents of multiculturalism, who assert that cultural differences within society are valuable and should be preserved, proposing the alternative metaphor of the salad bowl – different cultures mix, but remain distinct.Because the Great Depression lead a worldwide warfare crisis . But in the face of the Warfare crisis，the thinking of isolationism and anthropocentrism filled the society of America,most of American pay no attention on the war of other countries. It was until March of 1941 when the warfare fo west Europe is become incandescent the Capitol Hill adopt the Act of Lease. This marked US was no longer neutral state but a member of Allies. Than the Pearl Harbor incident finally made the United States enter The World War II on the side of the Allies.Nixon is noted for his diplomatic foreign policy, especially with the Soviet Union and China,and his efforts to end the Vietnam War.He is also noted for hismiddle-of-the-road domestic policy that combined conservative rhetoric and, in many cases, liberal action, as in his environmental policy.As president, Nixon imposed wage and price controls, indexed Social Security for inflation, and created Supplemental Security Income. The number of pages added to the Federal Register each year doubled under Nixon. He advocated gun control, reduced speed limits, and eradicated the last remnants of the gold standard. Nixon createdthe Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration and implemented the Philadelphia Plan, the first significant federal affirmative action program.1. Economic and social differences between the North and the South.2. States versus federal rights3. The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents.4. Growth of the Abolition Movement.5. The election of Abraham Lincoln.the Statue of Liberty The CapitolSenator:1) each senator must be at least 30 years old, 2) must have been a citizen of the United States for at least the past nine years, and 3) must be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state he or she seeks to represent.Each representative must: (1) be at least twenty-five years old; (2) have been a citizen of the United States for the past seven years; and (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state they represent.The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States, and leads the federal judiciary. It consists of the Chief Justice of theUnited States and eight Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President and confirmed with the "advice and consent" of the Senate. Justices serve "during good Behaviour," which terminates at death, resignation, retirement, or conviction on impeachment. The Court meets in Washington, . in the United States Supreme Court building. The Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court, but has original jurisdiction in a small number of cases.It will through some aspects：transcript，academic performance，extra-curricular achievements，personnel，inherence，artistic skillsThanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. The date and whereabouts of the first Thanksgiving celebration is a topic of modest contention,though the earliest attested Thanksgiving celebration was on September 8, 1565 in what is now Saint Augustine, Florida. Despite any scholarly research to the contrary, however, the traditional "first Thanksgiving" presented by Chief Massasoit is venerated as having occurred at the site of Plymouth Plantation, in 1621.1，puritanism is a strict religious doctrine.2, puritanism also has practical aspects. Puritans have to work hard, and prepare for the obstacles they will meet in their life.American puritanism contains origional sin, predestination,total depravity，limited atonement of God's graceThe Lost Generation is a term used to refer to a collective group of artists and writers who settled in Europe in the wake of the First World War. Members of the Lost Generation lived in Europe in the 1920s and early 1930s, and they had a profoundimpact on society and the arts. This generation is referred to as “lost” not becauseit has fadedfrom memory, but because theindividuals in theLost Generation often expressed a sense of emotional confusion, feeling lost in their own society.reaction against logic and reason; antiscientific in its bent; faith in something inherently good and transcendent in the human spirit in no need of salvation, but rather in need of awakening..."In this romantic period, writers put more emphasis on moral enthusiasm, and their masterpieces were full of passion, emotion, fancy and imagination. They also hada faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, they displayed personalities, express feelings and ideas, emphasize men’s rights for freedom and happiness.For their part human nature is of good will. Men can learn the world through their own ability, conscience and intuition. The romantic showed a deep admiration and love for nature. They praised America’s landscape of its primitive forests, meadows, vast plains, seas and blue oceans. The beauty and perfection of nature could enable them to have unutterable joy and exuberance. And nature was regarded as a source of goodness while man’s societies a source of corruption. Writers like Freneau, Cooper and Bryant took a great interest in external nature in their respective works.The Civil Rights Movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to primarily African American citizens of United States. There have been many movements on behalf of other groups in the . over time, but the term is often used to refer to the struggles between 1955 and 1968 to end discrimination against African-Americans and to end racial segregation, especially in the . South. See African American for information on how various terms have been used at that time period for African Americans.The changes women worked for included changes in economic practices, such as not only asking equal work, but also equal opportunity for jobs in fields such as science and technology, management and politics.They wanted changes in social practices and attitudes which would acknowledge that women were not inferior to men in intelligence or abilityLegal segregation ended in the South as a result of the civil rights women's movement continues to gain more rights and opportunities for women.The social movements of the 1960s had a strong effect on the way people think and caused changes in many laws.The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The term is most commonly usedto refer to those eight schools considered as a group. The term also has connotationsof academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and a reputation for social elitism.Brown UniversityHarvard UniversityYale UniversityColumbia University。

英美文化试题.doc

复习范围单选题（100道:部分答案在书后练习，部分答案需要自己查找）：1.Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders ofEngland?A.The Anglo-Saxons.B.The Normans.C.The Vikings.D.The Romans.2.Which is the largest city in Scotland?A.CardiffB.EdinburghC.GlasgowD.Manchester3.Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants anindependent Scotland?A.The Labour PartyB.The Liberal PartyC.The Scottish Nationalist PartyD.The Conservative Party4.Which of the following statement is NOT true?A.Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland.B.Those who want to unite Northern Island with Britain are called Unionists.C.The Social Democratic and Labour Party is very importantpolitical party in Britain.D.Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown arecalled loyalists.5.Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A.James II.B.William of Orange.C.Oliver Cromwell.D.George I6.Which of the following is NOT related to the Constitution?A.It is a written document which lists out the basic principlesfor government.B.It is the foundation of the British governance today.C.Convention and Laws passed by Parliament are part of theConstitution.D.The common laws are part of the Constitution.7.Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen'srole?A.The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B.The Queen symbolized the tradition and unity if the Britishstate.C.The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D.The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.8.Which of the following description about the Conservative partyis NOT true?A.It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.B.It prefers policies that protect individual5s rights.C.It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.D.It is known as a party of high taxation levels.9.Which of the following is NOT true about life peers?A.They are not from the aristocratic families.B.They cannot sit in the House of Lords.C.They earned their titles through their outstandingachievement.D.The titles cannot be inherited by their children.10.Which of the following is NOT true about class system in theUK?A.Peoples of different classes tend to read different kinds ofnewspapers.B.Class division is only decided by people's income.C.Though social advancement is possible, class affects aperson's life chances.D.The way people speak may identify them as belonging to particular class.11.Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer?A.The Canterbury Tales.B.BeowulfC.King LearD.Morte D5 Arthur12.Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism?A.KeatsB.ShelleyC.WordsworthD.Defoe13.Which of the following is generally considered to be themasterpiece by Joseph Conrad?A.Oliver TwistB.The Heart of DarknessC.Howard's EndD.Wuthering Heights14.Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?A.The University of Cambridge.B.The University of Oxford.C.The University of Edinburgh.D.The University of Buckingham.15.Which of the following is the world's oldest national newspaper?A.The TimesB.The GuardianC.The ObserverD.The Financial Times16.How many newspapers are there in Britain?A.About 100B.About 1400C.About 150D.14017.Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family?A.CricketB.SkiingC.GolfingD.Horse racing18.Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen's birthday?A.Bonfires.B.The Orange March.C.Trooping the Colour.D.Masquerades.19.In 1541,declared to be the king of Ireland, the firstA. the British monarchB. the OmbudsmanEnglish monarch to do so.20.The word "Ireland" is used ambiguously to meanA.Republic of IrelandB.Northern IslandC.both the Republic and Northern IrelandD.the 26 countries which gained independence in 192121.Which is the flag of New Zealand?22.Which is New Zealand's biggest city?A.CanterburyB. WellingtonC. AucklandD. Tasman23.New Zealand is mainly constituted by how many islands?A.2B.3C.4 D524.The three levels of local government of New Zealand areA.regional councils ,District Courts and community boardsB.regional councils, territorial authorities and community boardsC.regional councils, city councils and community boardsD.the High Court,District Courts and Dispute Tribunals25.New Zealand's trade has ------- of exports going to Pacific Rim members of the APEC grouping.A.30%B.50%C.70%D.90%26.The head of State of New Zealand isCC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-General27.New Zealand now has four major markets:A.Australia, the European Union, Japan, and the United StatesB.Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European UnionC.Australia, the United Kingdom, Japan, and ChinaD.Australia, China, United Arab Emirate and the United States28.In New Zealand, under MMPR, each voter has -------- votes.A.lB.2C.3D.429.In the Maori language the word “Aotearoa" meansA.holy land of beautyB.the land of thick green forestC.the land of long white cloudD.the fairest maid30.In the Maori culture, which is the name of the earth Mother?A.PapatuanukuB. RanginuiC. TaneD. Maui31.Who first came and settled in Canada?A.British colonistsB.French colonistsC.American colonistsD.Spanish colonists32.Who is the most influential person in the Canadian government?A.The QueenB.The Cabinet MinsterC.The Prime MinisterD.The Governor General33.Which of the following about the Queen is true?A.She is the official head of state.B.She is a member of the Cabinet.C.She is a symbol of parliamentary democracy.D.She is a symbol of Canada.34.Which of the following is NOT correct?A.The Senate is controlled by the House of Commons.B.The Senate is not elected by Canadian people.C.The Senate is recommended by the Prime Minister.D.The Senate is appointed by the Governor General.35.Which of the following industries account for more than half ofthe GDP in Canada?A.Primary industriesB.Secondary industriesC.Tertiary industriesD.None of them36.Which of the following provinces in the manufacturing heartlandof Canada?A.AlbertaB.OntarioC.British ColumbiaD.Nova Scotia37.Cultural survival is shown in the following ways except.A.the attempt to maintain a Canadian identityB.persistence of native Canadian people to maintain theirdistinctive culturesC.dealing with the harsh natural environmentD.the survival of a French-Canadian identity in Quebec afterthe English had conquered the French in Quebec38.In which period have Canada's most famous and successfulwriters appeared?A.Post-war periodB.Period of nation-buildingC.Early colonial periodD.Pre-European period39.During whose administration did Canada recognize the People'sRepublic of China?A.Wilfred Laurier'sB.Pierre Trudeau'sC.Mackinzie King'sD.Brian Mulroney's40.In 1917, the Canadian government introduced conscription, whichresulted in bitter resentment in the French-speaking province.A.British ColumbiaB.Nova ScotiaC.OntarioD.Quebec41.Which of the following statement is NOT true?A.Great Britain and England are geographical names.B.The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones.C.At present there are 50 member countries within the Commonwealth (1991).D.Wales is in the west of Great Britain.42.built the Hadrian's Wall and the Antonine Wall to keep out of the area they had conquered.A.The Romans; the PictsB.The Beaker Folk; the PictsC.The Anglo-Saxons; the RomansD.The Danes; the Anglo-Saxons43.Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A.The Anglo-SaxonsB.The NormansC.The VikingsD.The Romans44.The spirit of was the limitation of the powers of the king, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.A.the Provision of OxfordB.the Constitutions of ClarendonC.Domesday BookD.Magna Carta45.When Mary Tudor became Queen, at least 300 were burntas heretics.A. ProtestantsB. CatholicsC. PuritansD. Muslims46.The chief demand of the peasants during the Peasant Uprising of 1381 was.A.the abolition of villeinageB.the punishment of the King's ministersC.the increase of wagesD.the reform of the church47.The significance of the Wars of the Roses was all the following EXCEPT that.A.feudalism received its death blowB.the great medieval nobility was much weakenedC.the king's power now became supremeD.it dealt a death blow to villeinage48.is one of the comedies of Shakespeare.A.OthelloB. Richard IIIC. The TempestD. Julius Caesar49. In the Glorious Revolution the Catholic king,was driven out of England.A. James IB. James IIC. Charles ID. Charles II50., excluding any Roman Catholic from the succession, confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lords and the House of Commons.A. The Bill of RightsB. The Disabling ActC. The Test ActD. Instrument of Government51.As a result of the Industrial Revolution, Britain became theA, “ shop of the world"B, "workshop of theworld,,C. “centre of the world,,D. “leader of the world,,52.Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of farming in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries?A.Cultivation of fodder cropsB.Invention of seed drillC.Selective breeding of domestic animalsD.“Open-field" system53.In Britain,abolished “rotten boroughs,^.A.the People's CharterB. the Combination ActsC. the New Power LawD. the Reform Act of 183254.The present British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II was crowned inA.1926B. 1947C. 1952D. 195355.has the ultimate authority for law-making in Britain.A. The MonarchB. The ParliamentC. The Prime MinisterD. The Cabinet56.In the House of Commons, all speeches are addressed towho is elected at the beginning of each new Parliament to preside over the House and enforce the rules of order.A. the Prime MinisterB. the MonarchC. the SpeakerD. the Lord Chancellor57.About daily and Sunday newspapers are published nationwide in Britain.A.100B. 110C. 120D. 13058.In Britain,is directly responsible for the NHS.A. a local governmentB. the central governmentC. a voluntary organizationD. a certain society59.The day following Christmas Day is known as, for on this day gifts are given to servants and tradesmen.A. New Year's DayB. Easter DayC. Labor DayD. Boxing Day60.Of the following four sports,has the longest history in Britain.A. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby61.The three states that have seen the fastest growth in population in the past 20 years are.A.California, Arizona and New MexicoB.California, Florida and NevadaC.New York, Texas and FloridaD.Arizona, Nevada and Florida62.In American history,refer to those who came to Plymouth onboard of Mayflower.A.the English noblesB. the PuritansC. the PilgrimsD. the English adventurers63.After President Jefferson bought the Territory from France,the territory owned by the United States almost doubled.A.ArizonaB. TexasC. LouisianaD. California64.President Abraham Lincoln issued the, because he realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery.A.Bill of RightsB. Emancipation of ProclamationC. Declaration of IndependenceD. Civil Right Act65.The features of the early colonists which have strong influence on the formation of American character are all the following EXCEPT.A.religious intoleranceB.respect of individual rightsC.representative form of governmentD. a strong spirit of individual enterprise66.Rushed by the Progressive Movement,put forward his program of New Freedom.Woodrow Wilson Theodore Roosevelt C.Franklin D.Roosevelt D. George Washington67.The Paris Conference which began on Jan 18, 1919 wasdominated by the Big Four including.A.the United States, the Soviet Union, China and BritainB.the United States, Britain, France, and ItalyC.the United States, Britain, Germany, and JapanD.the United States, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union68.In his inaugural speech,said that “the only thing we have to fearis fear itself."A.Abraham LincolnB. Theodore RooseveltC. FranklinD.Roosevelt D. George Washington69.As a result of American economic aid under the Marshall Plan,recovered and began to show signs of development.A. TurkeyB. GreeceC. Western EuropeD. Eastern Europe70.During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the two superpowers stared ateach other, with the possibility of looming large.A. a nuclear warB. a chemical warC. the Vietnam WarD. the Korean War71.visit to China ended twenty-three years of hostility and ledto the establishment of diplomatic relations in January.A. the Democratic Party the Republican PartyA.President Nixon's; 1972B. Jimmy Carter's; 1978C. President Nixon's; 1979D. George Bush's; 198972.After long and difficult negotiations in Paris, the U. S. and signed a cease-fire agreement on January 27, 1973.A.South VietnamB. North VietnamC. the Soviet UnionD. Korea73.Which of the following is NOT true of U.S. foreign trade?A.Canada is the largest single source of goods imported by the United States.B.Outside of North America, Asia is the largest source of imports.C.The U.S. share of world trade has decreased in recent years.D.Whenever the American economy is in trouble, the economy of other countries is affected.74.When the delegates met at Philadelphia in 1787, their task wasA.to write a new constitutionB.to adopt the Articles of ConfederationC.to establish a new form of governmentD.to revise the Articles of Confederation75.Abraham Lincoln was elected President as the candidate ofin 1860.C.the Whig PartyD. the Conservative Party76.According to the U.S. Constitution, education is mainly a function of.A.the federal governmentB. the city governmentC. the county governmentD. the state government77.Which of the following is NOT true about the reasons for the rapid growth of community colleges?A.Their open admission policiesB. Their cheap tuition and feesC. Their fixed curriculum structuresD. Their convenient locations 78.The Waste Land, written by, is considered the manifesto of the "Lost Generation,^.A.T. S. EliotB. Walt WhitmanC. Emily DickinsonD. Theodore Dreiser79.In the 1920s, Black literature developed into an upsurge, which has come to be known as.A.the Literature RenaissanceB.the Harlem RenaissanceC.the Literature RevivalD.the "knickerbockers era" of American literature80.Easter Sunday is the most important religious holiday for commemorating.A. the death of Jesus ChristB.the birth of Jesus ChristC.the crucifixion of Jesus ChristD.the resurrection of Jesus Christ81.The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except.A.George WashingtonB.Thomas JeffersonC.William PennD.Benjamin Franklin82.The Bill of Rights consists of.A.10 very short paragraphs in a amendmentB.10 amendments adopted in 1787C.10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791D.the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, thefreedom of the press and the freedom of religion83.The New Deal was started by.A.Franklin RooseveltB.J. F. KennedyC.George WashingtonD.Thomas Jefferson84.The United States was rated in the world in terms ofland area and the size of population.A.secondB.thirdC.fourthD.fifth85.Which of the following features is NOT distinctively American?A.Various religious groups have coexisted in the US moreharmoniously than Europe.B.Scientific and economic advance and material prosperity havenot been accompanied by a decline in religious faith.C.There has been little concentration on doctrine or religionargument in the US.D.There has been very much concentration on doctrine orreligious argument in the US.86.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American highereducation?A.Universities and collegesB.Research institutionsC.Technical institutionsmunity colleges87.Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishingof large universities in America, which is the exception?rge universities offer the best libraries and facilities forscientific research.rge universities provide students with “mainframe"computer.rge universities offer scholarships to all students.rge universities attract students with modern laboratories.88.In the 1960s, feminism was reborn. Many women weredissatisfied with their lives, and in 1963, with the publication of by, they found a voice.A.The Feminine Mystique, Betty FriedanB.Profiles in Courage, John F. KennedyC.The Other America, Michael HarringtonD.Catcher in the Rye, J. D. Salinger89.What was the major historical event that resulted in the separation of the Protestants from the Roman Catholic Church?A.The 16th-century ReformationB.The American RevolutionC.The French RevolutionD.The 1917 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.90.During the arms race between the Soviet Union and the US,what caused fear and anxiety on the part of the United States?A. In 1949, the Soviet Union detonated its first atomic device.B.The Warsaw Pact was founded in 1955.C.The Soviet Union had its first test of the bomb in 1953.D.In 1957, the Soviet Union launched two Sputniks into the orbit.91.When did President Nixon make a trip to China to improverelations with the People's Republic of China?A.In 1972B.In 1973C.In 1970D.In 197192.Which of the following is NOT a native Australian animal?A.SheepB.WombatC.KoalaD.Kangaroo93.Which is now the fastest growing non-Christian belief system inAustralia?A.IslamB.JudaismC.BuddhismD.Hinduism94.Which game is the most popular in Australia in terms of thenumbers who play the game?A.HockeyB.CricketC.Beach Volleyballball95.Which of the following has happened in Australian economy?A.Tariff rates have lowered.B.The centralized wage system has been abolished.C.The foreign exchange markets have been brought under statecontrol.D.Work migration to Australia has been made easier.96.What unpopular policy became one of the major factors leading to a negative reaction to Australia's relationship with the USA?A.withdrawal of troops from VietnamB.anti-communismC."crusade against communism,,D.conscription-by-ballot97.Which country has become Australia's largest trading partner?A.JapanB.BritainC.The USD.China98.Which of the following is NOT a form of renewable energy?A.Wind farmB.Fossil fuelsC.BiofuelsD.Solar panels99.Mark Twain's works are characterized by the following exceptA.sense of humorB.egotismC.jokesD.tall tales100.Three of the following authors are Nobel Prize winners. Which one is NOT?A.Ernest HemingwayB.Eugene O'NeillC.William FaulknerD. F. Scott Fitzgerald问答题（答案基本都在书上，也可以在网上查找）：1.What are the three big parties in the UK? What are some ofthe similarities and dissimilarities between the three parties? 2.Please define “absolute decline and relative decline,, in the UK economy after WWII. What are the reasons for the absolute decline and relative decline?3.What are some of the peculiar features of New Zealand'sgovernment system compared to Australia or Britain ?4.What is w The Canadian Mosaic w ?5.Could you please compare the British education system withthe Chinese education system?6.What are the major differences between the Catholics and theProtestants?7.Could you please introduce at least 3 famous touristdestinations in Australia?8.Did movies originate in America? How did American Filmevolve from 1896 to 1916?9.What is so unique about Canadian-American relations?10.Could you please introduce the Maori culture in NewZealand?。

英美文化课后答案Chapter3Politics

英美文化课后答案Chapter3Politics英美文化课后答案3Lecture 3 PoliticsTell whether each of the following statement is true or false.1-10: FTTFF/FTTTF 11-20: TTFTF/FFTFT 21-30: TFTFF/TFFTT Fill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Lords; Commons2. the Prime Minister; the Sovereign/Queen3. the Queen; the House of Commons4. Conservative Party; Labour Party5. Conservative6. a federal system7. executive; judicial8. one; eight9. Senate; Representatives; two 10. the Democratic Party; the Republican Party 11. Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her Other Realms and Territories, Queen, Head of Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. 12. legislature, monarch 13. the Queen 14. Commons, resigns, dissolve 15. not, most, majority, Prime Minister, Opposition, frontbenches, Shadow 16. supreme law 17. the Articles of Confederation18. republic, state, president 19. ratification 20. Bill of Rights, amendments 21. executive, checks and balances 22. bicameral, the Senate, the House of Representatives 23. President, Constitutional Amendment, two 24. Supreme Court 25. Democratic, Republican 26. the Electoral CollegeChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: CDAAC/ADDAD 11-20: DCDBC/ADDAC 21-28: BCDAB/BDBExplain the following terms.1. British ParliamentThe British Parliament today consists of three parts: the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Parliament has a number of different functions. First and foremost, it passes laws. Another role of the Parliament is to scrutinize, or examine the government.2. Life peerLife peers receive their noble titles from the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister. However, a life peer cannot pass the title on to his or her children. These appointments are usually made for people’s outstanding careers or contributions to society. Famous people who have been made peers are former British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher.3. British ConstitutionThe U.K. does not have a written constitution, which most countries have. While much of the constitution is written down, it is not systematically written into a single document. The British Constitution is made up of three main parts: Statutes, Common Laws and Conventions.4. The Labour PartyThe Labour Party was developed by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century. It quickly replaced the Liberal Party as one of the two largest political parties in the U.K. The Labour Party supported state control of important industries and a more equal distribution of wealth. It has drawn financial support from the trade unions.5. The U.S. ConstitutionThe Constitution of the United States was written as a single political document in 1787. There were only 7 articles in it. The Constitution demands the election of the president, and provides that federal laws would only be made by a Congress. It also provides for a national court system headed by a Supreme Court. The Constitution follows these principles: federal system, “checks and balances” of the powers and respect for the Constitution.6. A federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between the central government and the state government. Therefore, each of the Americans is under the two governments--the federal government and the state government. The federal government has the right to declare war, to tax, to borrow or coin money and to regulate business and trade. Generally speaking, the federal government deals with foreign affairs and matters of general concern to all the states.7. Checks and balancesWhen Americans talk about the system of “checks and balances”, they often refer to the three-part government. The system limits the powers of the three branches. Each branch has powers that the others do not have, and each branch is given power to check the operations of the others, so that no one branch can become too powerful.8. The CongressThe Congress is the supreme legislative branch of the U.S. government. Under the Constitution, it is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes, and declare war upon other countries. The American Congress is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. BothSenators and Representatives of the House are chosen by a direct election from all of the states.9. Bill of RightsMany of the recommendations of the states ratifying conventions were considered later by James Madison as he drafted what became the Bill of The Rights. It is commonly viewed as consisting of the first 10 articles of Amendments to the Constitution. These amendments give all Americans rights to believe in any religion; to speak, write and publish as they like; to gather together peaceably and to petition the government; to be secure in their homes without fear of unreasonable searches and seizure of persons and property; and to receive fair and just treatment in courts of law. The Bill of Rights was added in 1791.10. jurisdictionJurisdiction is the authority to hear and decide cases. According to the Constitution, the federal courts exercise jurisdiction over cases in which the subject involves either the U.S. Constitution, statutes, or treaties; maritime law; or cases in which the litigants include either the U.S. government, more than one state government, one state government and a citizen of another state, citizens of more than one state, or a foreign government or citizen. The state courts exercise jurisdiction over the remaining cases. These include most criminal cases.11. Electoral CollegeIt is a body that elects the president and vice president. Each state is represented by the same number of members as in its congressional delegation. In another word, each has as many electors as the total representation in Congress (House plus Senate). The voters vote for electors who will cast their ballots in the Electoral College. Because of the winner-take-all feature ofthe Electoral College, the system gives an advantage to large states and their urban populations.12. Manifest DestinyThe 19th century journalist John O’Sullivan coined the phrase “manifest destiny”in an 1839 article. It conveyed the belief in the divinely conferred right of the republic to expand westward and bring more of the continent into “the great experiment of Liberty and Federated self-government”.Questions for Discussion1.The Articles of Confederation was the first governing Constitution of the United States ofAmerica. Although serving a crucial role in the victory in the American Revolutionary War, a group of reformers felt that the Articles lacked the necessary provisions for a sufficiently effective government. Another problem is that the government lacked taxing authority; it had to request funds from the states. Another criticism of the Articles was that they did not strike the right balance between large and small states in the legislative decision making process. 2.Legislature is a type of representative assembly with the power to create and change laws.The President has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur. Under the Constitution, the President is responsible for foreign relations with other nations. He also has the right to veto or sign any bills passed by Congress. He can call into service of the National Guard. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the only court specifically created by the Constitution. The Supreme Court is the ultimate appellate court in the United States. It usually hears cases on appeal. If Congress proposes a law that the President thinks is unwise, the President can veto it. That means the proposal does not becomelaw. If Congress passes a law which is then challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and therefore no longer in effect.。

英美文化课本习题答案

英美文化教材习题答案Britain1. Who are the British ?Ⅰ1.the Scottish Highlanders: They are the Scots who live in the mountain areas of the Highlands in Northern Scotland. They are a proud, ind ependent and hardy peopl e who maintain their strong cultural id entity.2.the British Isles: The British Isl es lie northern of Europe in the Atlantic Ocean. They consist of two large islands-Britain and Ireland and several small islands.3.the National Eisted dfod: Eisted dfod is the Welsh word for “sitting”. National Eisted dfod is t he most famous festival of music and verse in Wales. It takes place each August and lasts for about a week. The highlight of the Eisted dfod is a competition for the best epic poem about Wales written and read in Welsh. The winner is crowned Bard, consid ered the supreme honor in Wales.4.Bard: “Bard”originally d enoted the grouping epic poem to the Celtic l ead ers or warriors for their great achievement. Now, it roughly means the respected poetry.5.Northern Ireland (Ulster): A section of the United Kingd om of Great Britain and the Northern Ireland, l ocated in the northeast of the Ireland, the capital of which is Belfast.6.Oliver Cromwell: Oliver Cromwell was the Roundhead l ead er during the English Civil War. Hed efeated King Charl es Ⅰ and cond emned him to d eath. The monarchy was overthrown, and the country became for more than ten years a republic.7.William Ⅲ: the protestant King (参见P10-11)8.The Orange Day celebrations: cel ebrations hel d by Protestants on 12 August each year in North Ireland to commemorate the Battle of the Royne in 1690 when the Protestant King William of Orange crushed a Catholic rebellion in Lond ond erry. The celebrations were always aggressively provocative and fightings often broke out between Protestant marches and Catholic bystand ers.9.The Provisional IRA: IRA, the Irish Reputation Army, is a nationalist organization d edicated to the unification of Ireland. It was organized in1919. The IRA refused to accept a separate Northern Ireland und er British rul e. In 1969 it split into an “official” majorit y, which disclaimed violence, and a terrorist “provisional” wing, whose attacks on British troops in Northern Ireland, rand om bombings, and others acts of terror in England kept tensions high.10. The Peace People: In the summer of 1976 Betty Williams, a Protestant housewife, was so horrified at the killing fo two children by a running IRA car that she decid ed to organize the women of Ulster, both Protestant and Catholic, into a pressure group. It is a pressure group working for peace and reconciliation in Ireland. Williams and her Catholic partner, Corrigan, soon gathered thousands of foll owers d espite threats and intimidation from both sid es. They continued to pursue their aims and at the end of 1976 the two l ead ers were award ed the Nobel Prize for Peace.Ⅱ1.The full name of the United Kingd om is the United Kingd om of Great Britain and the Northern Ireland.2.The Romans first land ed in Britain in the year of 55BC.3.The Scots are well-known for being inventive, hard-working, serious mind ed and cautious with money.4.Two of the Welsh characteristics are cultural prid e and their l ove of music and poetry.5.Peopl e began to settle in about 10,000 years ago. two famous Scottish writers: Robert Burns and Sir Walter Scottor, two Welsh writers: Dylan Thomas and Gwyn Thomas; and two Irish writers: Jonathan Swift and Oscar Wild e.7.Angl es, Saxons and Jutes were the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basis of mod ern English race.ⅢDDBAB2. English HistoryⅠ1.Exercise book Page29 12.Page29 23.Page29 34.Page29 65.Page30 96.Henry ⅧTextbook P28 2nd para.7.Elizabeth Ⅰ Textbook P29 1st para.8.Divine Right Textbook P30 2nd para. (可忽略)9.Page33 2210.VictorianismⅡ1.The Crusad es2.Columbus, Vasco da Gama3.the Mid dl e ages4.the Parliament, the King Charl es Ⅰ5. Charl es Darwin6. the Great Depression7. the League of Nations, United NationsⅢDBBCD4.British Government SystemI.1.学习手册63页III.12.学习手册65页III.93.学习手册65页III.104.学习手册64页III.35.学习手册64页III.46.学习手册64页III.77.学习手册64页III.5II.1. Elizabeth the Second2. On Her Majesty’s Service3. the Most Ord er of the Garter4. In her rol e as head of the Church of England5. Acts of Parliament; the Prerogative of the Crown;Conventions of the Constitution; Common law; Parliamentary Privilege6. Five, 6357. The Crown; the House of Lords; the House of Commons8. Parliament9. The final court of appeal in civil cases and criminal cases, except criminal cases in Scotland.10. To make laws;to control and criticize the executive government;to control the raising and the spending of money11. The Lord Chancellor12. Her ministers13. Parliament; Cabinet; the House of Commons; Parliament III. BCADCAIV.1.课本P68 第二段2.课本P75 第二，四段P74 第三段3.课本P764.课本P78 第一段5.课本P81 第三段6.课本P737.课本P78 第一，二段5.Industry, Agriculture and BusinessⅠ1.Exercise book Page80 12.P80 23.P81 64.P82 85.Special d evelopment area: Textbook P101 2nd para.6.P81 37.P81 48.P81 7Ⅱ1. coal, water power2. the Second Worl d War, the Bank of England, coal, civil aviation3. the Second Worl d War, Labour4. a nation of shop-keepers5. the discovery and exploitation of oil and gas in the North Sea.ⅢADCAA6.English LiteratureI.1.学习手册96页. III.22.学习手册96页. III.33.学习手册96页. III.44.学习手册97页. III.55.课本124页. 第二，三段6.学习手册96页. III.77.学习手册96页. III.8II.1. Beowulf;the 6th2.their Viking raid ers swept into Britain3.the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle;The Roman invasion of Britain in 54B.C.The mid dl e of the 12th century4.Chaucer; Shakespeare; Milton5.Thomas More; Utopia6.Romeo and Juliet; Hamlet; Othello; The Tempest; Twelfth Nights; As You Like It; Richard III; Richard II; Julius Caesar7.The Essays8.Paradise Lost; Paradise Regained; Samson Agonistes9.Pilgrim’s Progress10.Jonathan Swift11.His poems London and The Vanity of Human Wishes12.Robert Burns13.Robinson Cruise14.William Wordsworth; Samuel Tayl or Col eridge; Lord Byron; John Keats; Percy Bysshe Shell ey15.Jane Austen; Anne Bronte; Emily Bronte16.Louis Stevenson; Lewis Carroll; William Makepeace Thackeray;David Copper field; Oliver Twist;George Eliot; Oscar Wilde;The Return of the Nation; Jude the Obscure17.James Joyce; Ulysses18.George Bernard ShawIII. DBCAADAADDIV.1.课本P115-1162.课本P122-1233.课本P1334.课本P135 第二，三段8.Religion and BeliefsExplain the foll owing in English: 全部在学习手册P109.Fill the blanks:1)Roman Catholic; Protestant2)The Old Testament; the New Testament.3)Queen; the Archbishop of Canterbury.4)God; Jesus; the Holy Spirit.5)Presbyterian6)The Pope in Rome and the church or priesthood.7)The Presbyterian; the Methodist Church; the Congregational Church; the Baptist Church; theQuakers.8)Humbl er forms of life.Answer the questions:1)学习手册P106 13、14题2)P146 第三段3)P148 第二段4)P150 第一段cationExplain the foll owing in English:1) 2) 3) 6) 7) 8)是学习手册P140、P141和P142的1.3.4.7.8.11题4) 5)在书本P171 第二段Fill the blanks:1) 5;15.2)Christmas; Easter; summer.3)The sel ective; the comprehensive4)Eton; Harrow; Rugby.5)About three-quarters of income of Britain University.6)Oxford; Cambridge.7)St Andrews; Glasgow (or Aberd een; Edinburgh)8)Oxford.9)Leeds; Lancaster (any acceptabl e answers are correct)10)Exclusiveness.Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:A C D DAnswer the questions:1)Both educational and social grounds2)P171第二段3)学习手册P148或P137 的24题4)书本P174最后一段和P175最开头一段5)课本P175-1776)The coll ege system and the tutorial system.7)P178最后一段11.The press, Radio and TelevisionExplain the foll owing in English:1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 在学习手册P1666)书本P198 第二段的7)书本P204 第三段Fill the blanks:1)the smallness of the country2)Quality paper; popular paper.3)The Times; The Guardian; the Daily Telegraph; Daily Mail; Daily Mirror; Sun.4)Thomson5)The Conservative Party; the Liberal Party6)Daily Telegraph7)The Sunday Times; Observer.8)Daily Mirror; The Sun.Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:D B C B AAnswer the questions:1) 学习手册P1742) 书本P201最后一段书本P206 最后一段America1.Atlantic to PacificⅠ.1.学习手册第196 页2.课本第237页2nd para.3.学习手册第197 页4.课本第237页1st para & 第246页注释175.学习手册第196 页6.学习手册第197 页7.课本第239页最后一段& 第240页第一、二段8.课本第242页最后一段& 第247页注释26Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks1. 50, 13, 35, Hawaii, Alaska2.Alaska, California3.Eastern standard time, central standard time, mountain standard time, pacific standard time4.Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhod e Island5.West Virginia, New York State, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland6.The Potomac, Washington D.C7.The Appalachian, Vermont, Canada8.The Appalachian, Rocky9.Washington State, Oregon, California10.New England, the Mid-Atlantic area, the South, the Mid-West, the Great Plains states, the Western and the Pacific coast statesⅢ. Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:C AD D C CⅣ. Answer the questions:1.学习手册第191, 196 页2.学习手册第196 页3.学习手册第196 页4.课本第237 页5.课本第239 页6.学习手册第198 页，课本241 页2. AMERICAN HISTORYExplain the foll owing in English:（其余未注明的页码是学习手册页码）1.P218.5（学习手册218页第五条）2.P280.9 (课本280页第九个注释)3.P221.154.P222.175.P221.146.P222.167.P222.188.P223.209.P224.2610.P225.2811.P226.3312.P227.3513.P228.3814.P228.4015.P223.22Fill in the blanks:1.Icelandic Vikings, Columbus2.Jamestown Virginia, 16073.English Puritans, Roman Catholics, The Quaker l ead er William Penn4.1775, 17835.a second continental Congress6.July 4th7.the Fed eralists, the Republicans, classes, ideological lines8.Thomas Jefferson9.John Marshall10.Uncl e Tom’s Cabin11.put an end to slavery, d ecid ed that America is a singl e indivisibl e nation12.he introduced the assembly line into automobil e production, Manufacturing the Mod el T13.the New York Stock Exchangeissez-faire, the government shoul d interfere with business as little as possibl e, government action15.Eugene V. DebsTick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:1-10:BAAADADADBAnswer the questions:(课本页码)1.P2522.P2533.P2544.P2575.P2586.P264-p2657.P266-p2678.P268-p2699.P270-p27110.P27311.P27512.P276-p2773.THE FORMS OF GOVERNMENTExplain the foll owing in English:（未标注页码为学习手册页码）1.P245.52.P245.63.P246.74.P246.95.P247.116.P247.127.P247.138.P311.3(课本)9.P246.810.P240.1211.P314.23（课本）Fill in the blanks:1.fed eralism, the separation of powers, respect for the Constitution and the rul e of law2.foreign affairs, matters of general concern to all the states3.the Democrats, the Republicans4.executive, l egislature, judicial5.Ford, Rockefell er, the Presid ent Nixon resigned when he was in power6.Vice-Presid ent7.four, four, John Kenedy8.two terms(eight years)9.435, 2, 100, 610.the Congress(both the Senate and the House of Representatives), the Senate, a two-thirds majority in both Houses11.Confed eration12.192213.The Supreme Court14.life, Presid ent, the Senate15.The Fed eral Bureau of InvestigationTick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:1-8: ACDCADCBAnswer the questions:(课本页码)1.P2882.P2883.P2914.P294&(p314.29)5.P3026.P3037.P290, p297, p3078.P302-p3034. American LiteratureⅠ. Explain the foll owing in English:1.学习手册第268 页2.学习手册第268 页3.学习手册第268 页4.学习手册第269 页5.学习手册第270 页6.学习手册第273 页7.学习手册第274 页Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks1. Washington Irving, Fennimore Cooper2.Edgar Allan Poe, The Fall of the house of Usher3.(Concord, Massachusetts), Ralph Wald o Emerson,Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne4.Nature, The American Scholar, Self-Reliance, Experience5.Walden6.The Scarlet Letter7.Herman Melville8.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn9.Theodore Dreiser10.The Great Gatsby, what had happened to American life11.John Dos Passos12.A Fable, Light in August, The Hamlet13.The Sun Also Rise, A farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls14.John Steinbeck, Ralph Ellison15.Eugene O’Neill, Long Day’s Journey into NightⅢ. Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:CADBD DCCAD BCⅣ. Answer the questions:1.学习手册第258,267(explanation 1) 页2.Both are 19th-century writer. Both are also a poet and journal keeper.3.学习手册第269(2) 页4.课本第2326 页5.5. ReligionⅠ. Explain the foll owing in English:1.学习手册第293 页2.学习手册第293 页3.学习手册第294 页4.学习手册第294 页5.学习手册第291 页Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks1.four-fifths, majority hardly, half2.U.S3.Against the Constitution4.The Baptists, the Methodists5.Roman Catholics, the Baptists, The Methodists, Presbyterians6.John F. KennedyⅢ. Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:ACDCAⅣ. Answer the questions:1.课本第345 页（4-9行）2.课本第345（最后一段）页3.课本第346（第二段）页4.可参阅课本359页Notes6、7、8、9所对应的句子。

英美文化考试试题附答案

1.What are the differences in political system between the UK and the USA? DifferencesF irst the political party system .Britain appears the earliest bourgeois partyin the world and it is the first country to establish and implement two-party system: two-party system combined with the British cabinet system. The cabinet consists of the political party which gains the majority at a general election. The largest opposition party is the House of Commons which can establish a shadow cabinet. The organization of British Party is strict and there are many party members. Britain's two political parties are two different political factions in the parliament at first. On the contrary, the internal organization of American political party is very loose. The ruling par ty masters executive power, but doesn’t master the legislative power. American's two political parties aim at supporting and opposing federalism. The party's main activity is the presidential campaign. The two-party system is stable. This kind of system will cause the United States parties which are in the middle of the internal organization is very weak.S econd comparison is the Constitution. Up until now, t the Britain does not havea single document called the Constitution but its constitutional provisions are scattered over various Acts of Parliament. The British constitution is the product of a long-term historical evolution. It is the sum total of the common law over the years. The basic principle of the British Constitution is obscure. However, the United States has a written constitution which is very difficult to change. The United States Constitution is the fundamental law of America, which establishes the legal basis for the American political system.The US Constitution has four major principles: separation of powers, federal system, doctrine of constitutional supremacy and equality. The two purposes of the United States constitution are limiting the power of the government and protecting people's freedom.T hird is the legal system. American and British legislative systems have the sameprinciples in general Parliament is the center of the British political stage and is Britain's top legislative branch. The government is elected from the parliament and it should be responsible for the parliament. Parliament is a bicameral legislature. The House of Commons and the House of Lords constitute the British Parliament. In the meantime, the U.S. congress is the highest legislative branch, which consists of the senate and the House of Representatives. The main powers of congress are legislative power, supervisory power of judicial administration, examination and approval authority and amending power. In addition, congress can pass the resolution which does not need the president to sign.2.What is the role of the Monarch in the UK?Monarchy is the oldest form of government in the United Kingdom.In a monarchy, a king or queen is Head of State. The British monarchy is known as a constitutional monarchy. This means that, while The Sovereign is Head of State, the ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament.Although the British Sovereign no longer has a political or executive role, he or she continues to play an important part in the life of the nation.As Head of State, The Monarch undertakes constitutional and representational duties which have developed over one thousand years of history. In addition to these State duties, The Monarch has a less formal role as 'Head of Nation'. The Sovereign acts as a focus for national identity, unity and pride; gives a sense of stability and continuity; officially recognises success and excellence; and supports the ideal of voluntary service.3.How do you comment on the British education system?课本66页简述+First，these deucation can develop their creativity and imagination maybe that is why there are so mang Nobel Prize's winners and plenty of inventions.Second,these education can give them a chance to enter a famous college like Oxford and Cambridge which is the best single way to guarantee them a successful career.Third these education can develop their patriotism which is important to a country.Of course ,this will lead to a peaceful society.These education can also inspire their passion to make countribution to their society to make a more prosperoty country. These education make a fully developed person who always knows what he wants to do and how to do it well,and then he can live a happy life.4. What do you think of the Open University in Britain?5. How do you comment on the American education system?7题补充：18. How do people celebrate Halloween?P277Every October 31, both children and adults slip into the night as ghosts, princesses and pirates, and tell tales of witches and ghosts. Pumpkins are carved into glowering (怒视的) jack-o'-lanterns (a kind of lantern南瓜做的杰克灯笼). Children parade from house to house, knocking on doors and calling out "Trick or treat!" hoping to have their bags filled with candy. It can be a night of fun for those who participate.17. What does Guy Fawkes’ Day celebrate? P26316.Discuss the development in the US magazine industry and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the magazine medium.P24915.Discuss the main services of the British national public broadcaster the BBC.P23014.List the famous broadcasters in the UK and the USA and try to make a comparison between the broadcasting systems in the two countries.Media of the United Kingdom consist of several different types of communications media: television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and Web sites. The country also has a strong music industry. The United Kingdom has a diverse range of providers, the most prominent being the state-owned public service broadcaster, the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation). Regional media is covered by local radio, television and print newspapers.USA Broadcasting was an American media company owned by veteran entertainment industry executive Barry Diller. This network was the over-the-air broadcasting arm of USA Network.。

英美文化课后答案 Chapter 5 Education

英美文化课后答案5Lecture 5 EducationTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1-10: FFTFF/FTFTT 11-20: TFFFF/FFTFF 20-26: FTFFF/TFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. an infant section; a junior section2. the state schools; independent schools3. Grammarschools 4. public schools 5. General National V ocational Qualifications 6. Oxford University; Cambridge University 7. Oxford 8. 1836 9. Open University 10.B achelor’s degree; M aster’s degree; D octor’s degree.11. elementary 12. kindergarten13. elementary education; secondary education 14. home schooling 15. critical-thinking16. Harvard University 17. Harvard University 18. Yale University 19. PrincetonUniversity 20. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: BBCBB/BCABD 11-20: BABBC/DBABA 21-25: CCDDASentence Completion1. Oxford, Cambridge2. Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester3. 5, 164. independent5. academic, practicalExplain the following terms.prehensive schoolComprehensive schools were established before 1960, when pupils were not separated by the criterion of academic ability. Such schools provide general education. The pupils study a wide variety of subjects at first and after two or three years they may give up some of them and only study the subject they like.2.Grammar schoolGrammar schools are the oldest schools in the U.K. Grammar schools select children; the children who get high marks in the“Eleven Plus” examination can attend them. The students who show academic potential can attend grammar schools in which the emphasis is advanced academic work rather than the more general curriculum of comprehensive schools.3.Independent schoolIndependent schools are also confusingly called public schools. Independent schools are funded through the private sector, tuition fees and minimal government assistance. Independent schools generally recruit the best teachers and provide advanced facilities. As a result, graduates of independent schools are more likely than those of state schools to be accepted by famous universities.4.OxbridgeThe term Oxbridge is used to refer both Oxford University and Cambridge University as asingle entity.5.Open UniversityThe Open University （OU）is the U.K.’s largest university for part-time higher education. It was founded in 1969 and began its first courses in 1970. It is open to everybody and doesn’t require the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. University courses are taught through TV, radio, videos and a network of study centers.6.creditCredit is used to measure an undergraduate in academic progress. A credit equals to one hour of classroom lecture, or two or three hours of experiments per week in a semester.7.higher educationHigher education in the United Stated began with the founding of Harvard College in 1636. When the students have finished high school (twelfth grade), they may go on to a college or a university. College or university study is kno wn as “higher education”.8.Harvard UniversityHarvard University, the oldest institution of higher education in the United States, was established in l636, and named for its first benefactor，John Harvard. Harvard University is known around the world for its outstanding academic achievements. It has produced more than 40 Nobel laureates.Short Answer Questions1. The traditional “three R’s” are: reading, writing and arithmetics.2. After the Second World War a new educational system emphasizing equality was constructed with the assistance of church and trade unions. The Education Act in 1944 made entry to secondary schools and universities meritocratic. In other words, more children had access to a good education not because of their social class or their parents’ possession, but for the abilities they display. All children were given the right to a free secondary education.3. British high education is world renowned for two reasons: history and research output.4. Most universities in the United Kingdom can be classified into six main categories:1) Ancient universities – universities founded before the 19th century.2) London universities – universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuries.3) Red Brick universities –universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The term “redbrick” is not used much today, but it is a useful way of describing this group of universities, many of which were built in the favorable building material of the time – red brick.4) Plate Glass Universities – founded in the 1960s which were known as “New Universities” when first created, but which are now more commonly considered a sub-section of the “Old Universities” which existed prior to the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 which allowed Polytechnics to become Universities.5) The Open University – founded in 1968, Britain’s sole mainly distance-learning University.6) New Universities –created in or after 1992 often called post-1992 universities, from polytechnics and colleges of Higher Education.5. The Open University is a degree-granting institution that provides courses of study for adults of all ages through television, radio, produced books, audio/video cassettes, correspondence courses and local study programs.6 .No Child Left Behind Act was passed to mandate Adequate Yearly Progress, which helped, to some extent, set some national learning standards.7. Because the individual state has the law-endowed rights to make its own educational decisions.8. American universities select their students up to their GPA and SAT mainly, at the same time, they may also take into consideration some subjective factors such as a commitment to extracurricular activities, a personal essay, and possibly an interview.9. GPA stands for Grade Point Average; SAT stands for School Aptitude Test.10. Charter schools receive public money but have been freed from some of the rules, regulations, and statutes that apply to other public schools in exchange for some type of accountability for producing certain results, which are set forth in each school’s charter.School vouchers, or education vouchers are a certificate issued by the government by which parents can pay for the education of their children at a school of their choice, rather tahtn the public school to which they are assigned.。

英美社会与文化试题参考答案(仅供参考)教学内容

1.what are the general features of Britain`s independent schools？An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding, predominantly in the form of school fees. In England and Wales the term public school is often used to refer to what is normally called in other countries a "private" school, a term which originally referred to those schools named in the Public Schools Act 1868. These schools themselves tend to prefer the term "independent school".2.why is the United States regarded as a "melting pot" and a "salad"？The melting pot is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States; the melting-together metaphor was in use by the 1780s.After 1970 the desirability of assimilation and the melting pot model was challenged by proponents of multiculturalism, who assert that cultural differences within society are valuable and should be preserved, proposing the alternative metaphor of the salad bowl –different cultures mix, but remain distinct.3.why did America change its policy and enter world war two?Because the Great Depression lead a worldwide warfare crisis . But in the face of the Warfare crisis，the thinking of isolationism and anthropocentrism filled the society of America,most of American pay no attention on the war of other countries. It was until March of 1941 when the warfare fo west Europe is become incandescent the Capitol Hill adopt the Act of Lease. This marked US was no longer neutral state but a member of Allies. Than the Pearl Harbor incident finally made the United States enter The World War II on the side of the Allies.4.what were Nixon's well-known contributions during his presidency?Nixon is noted for his diplomatic foreign policy, especially with the Soviet Union and China, and his efforts to end the Vietnam War. He is also noted for his middle-of-the-road domestic policy that combined conservative rhetoric and, in many cases, liberal action, as in his environmental policy.As president, Nixon imposed wage and price controls, indexed Social Security for inflation, and created Supplemental Security Income. The number of pages added to the Federal Register each year doubled under Nixon. He advocated gun control, reduced speed limits, and eradicated the last remnants of the gold standard. Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration and implemented the Philadelphia Plan, the first significant federal affirmative action program.5.what was the cause of the American civil war?1. Economic and social differences between the North and the South.2. States versus federal rights3. The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents.4. Growth of the Abolition Movement.5. The election of Abraham Lincoln.6.what are the two characteristics of the U.S construction?the Statue of Liberty The Capitol7.what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively? Senator:1) each senator must be at least 30 years old, 2) must have been a citizen of the United States for at least the past nine years, and 3) must be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant ofthe state he or she seeks to represent.Each representative must: (1) be at least twenty-five years old; (2) have been a citizen of the United States for the past seven years; and (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state they represent.8.what are the Major powers of the supreme court?The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States, and leads the federal judiciary. It consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President and confirmed with the "advice and consent" of the Senate. Justices serve "during good Behaviour," which terminates at death, resignation, retirement, or conviction on impeachment. The Court meets in Washington, D.C. in the United States Supreme Court building. The Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court, but has original jurisdiction in a small number of cases.9.how does an American university choose its applicants?It will through some aspects：transcript，academic performance，extra-curricular achievements，personnel，inherence，artistic skills10.what are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. The date and whereabouts of the first Thanksgiving celebration is a topic of modest contention, though the earliest attested Thanksgiving celebration was on September 8, 1565 in what is now Saint Augustine, Florida. Despite any scholarly research to the contrary, however, the traditional "first Thanksgiving" presented by Chief Massasoit is venerated as having occurred at the site of Plymouth Plantation, in 1621.11.what is the essence of American puritanism?1，puritanism is a strict religious doctrine.2, puritanism also has practical aspects. Puritans have to work hard, and prepare for the obstacles they will meet in their life.American puritanism contains origional sin, predestination,total depravity，limited atonement of God's grace12.what is the lost generation?The Lost Generation is a term used to refer to a collective group of artists and writers who settled in Europe in the wake of the First World War. Members of the Lost Generation lived in Europe in the 1920s and early 1930s, and they had a profound impact on society and the arts. This generation is referred to as “lost” not because it has faded from memory, but because the individuals in the Lost Generation often expressed a sense of emotional confusion, feeling lost in their own society.13.what are the characteristics of American writing during the romantic period? reaction against logic and reason; antiscientific in its bent; faith in something inherently good and transcendent in the human spirit in no need of salvation, but rather in need of awakening..."In this romantic period, writers put more emphasis on moral enthusiasm, and their masterpieces were full of passion, emotion, fancy and imagination. They also had a faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, they displayed personalities, express feelings and ideas, emphasize men’s rights for freedom and happiness.For their part human nature is of good will. Men can learn the world through their own ability, conscience and intuition. The romantic showed a deep admiration and love for nature. Theypraised America’s landscape of its primitive forests, meadows, vast plains, seas and blue oceans. The beauty and perfection of nature could enable them to have unutterable joy and exuberance. And nature was regarded as a source of goodness while man’s societies a source o f corruption. Writers like Freneau, Cooper and Bryant took a great interest in external nature in their respective works.14.state the background for the American civil rights movement.The Civil Rights Movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to primarily African American citizens of United States. There have been many movements on behalf of other groups in the U.S. over time, but the term is often used to refer to the struggles between 1955 and 1968 to end discrimination against African-Americans and to end racial segregation, especially in the U.S. South. See African American for information on how various terms have been used at that time period for African Americans.15.make comments on women's liberation movement.The changes women worked for included changes in economic practices, such as not only asking equal work, but also equal opportunity for jobs in fields such as science and technology, management and politics.They wanted changes in social practices and attitudes which would acknowledge that women were not inferior to men in intelligence or abilityLegal segregation ended in the South as a result of the civil rights movement.The women's movement continues to gain more rights and opportunities for women.The social movements of the 1960s had a strong effect on the way people think and caused changes in many laws.16.what is the lvy league?name at least 4 of its members.The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The term is most commonly used to refer to those eight schools considered as a group. The term also has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and a reputation for social elitism.Brown UniversityHarvard UniversityYale UniversityColumbia University。

英美文化-英国部分

英美⽂化-英国部分英国部分HistoryIberiansCelts, Gaels, Britons - Irish, Scottish, Welsh culture and language Romans - Alphabet, Roman civilization, Christianity Anglo-Saxons - English race and languageVikings & Danes - New dialectsNormans (France) - French language2.2 The Magna Carta/The Great Charter (1215)The Great Council of barons(贵族) forced King John to sign the Magna Carta limiting his powerThe King could not levy extra taxes without people' s consentKing could not change lawsIf King refused to obey laws, the vassals could resort to civil war Freedom of trade and self-government to townspeople Beginning of civil rightsNo imprisonment unless convicted by a juryLife and property protectedFirst step towards constitutional government2.3 The Hundred Years War with France (1337-1453)Reasons: Territorial and economicEnglish kings possession of land in France; t he cloth manufacturing towns in Flanders were importers of English wool, but owed political allegiance to the French king; France gave support to the Scots; a growing sense of national consciousnessEdward III claimed the French crown in 1337.By 1453, France had won back their land (with gunpowder) except for city of Calais.2.4 Richard II (1377-1399): The cause of the War of the Roses(1455-1485) (Lancastrian and Yorkist Houses) Lancastrians: Red rose as the symbolYorkists: White rose as the symbolFighting for the throne in EnglandMany nobles killedHenry VII strengthened his claim to the throne by marrying Elizabeth, a daughter of Yorkist Edward IV. The union of the two houses ended the war.The Tudors (1485-1603): sea power and ProtestantismThe Tudor dynasty saw the transition of England from a feudal countr y to modern state. Capitalism replaced feudalism Textile industryEnclosure Movement –cheap laborHenry VIII (1509-1547)The Tudor era in England started from the reign of King Henry VIII. Sho rtly after becoming king, Henry VIII took Catherine of Aragon as his brid e on 11 June 1509. He inherited ￡1.5 million pounds from his father and succeeded in the first peaceful transition of power after the Wars of the Roses.The Reformation: the Church of England 1534He divorced his wife, Catherine, on the grounds that their marriage w as invalid.He married Anne Boleyn.Pope excommunicated Henry, who replied with the Act of Supremacy, which recognized the king as the supreme head of the Church of England.Elizabeth I ( Anne's daughter) becomes Queen1558-1603" Virgin queen"Seen by many as the" Illegitimate Queen"King Philip of Spain said Mary Queen of Scots ( Mary' s cousin) was r eal QueenPhilip sent Spanish Armada(⽆敌舰队) to attackSpanish Armada destroyed in North Sea (1588) and England became master of the seas海上霸主4.1 The Civil War(Stuart House)4.1.1James I: rising dissentionElizabeth I died childless, the throne passed to her distant Stuart rela tive, James VI.Major problemsLack of moneyBitter religious dissension4.1.2 Charles I (1625-1649)Successful rebellionInvolved in the wars against Spain, France and ScotlandParliament passed resolutions against illegal taxes and his religious po licyCharles I dissolved Parliament and imprisoned the leaders.4.1.3 The Civil War (1642-1649)War broke out in 1642Cavaliers for KingRoundheads for the ParliamentRadicals: Puritans for the ParliamentModerates: presbyters and Anglicans for the ParliamentOn January 30 1649, Charles I was beheadedOliver Cromwell(1649-1660)England now a republic called CommonwealthA dictatorship of a radical minorityTitled Lord Protector (of the Commonweath)The Glorious Revolution (1688-1689)Charles II : The Restoration (1660-1688): the monarchy returnsThe Bill of Rights 1689William and Mary: King and Queen of EnglandParliamentary supremacyThe Industrial Revolution 18th-19thCThe Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and culturalconditions starting in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spreading throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world. The use of steam-powered machines, led to a massive increase in the number offactories. The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in human history; almost every aspect of daily life was eventually influenced in some way.Three arms of the StateHead of State the Monarch (non-political)Legislative Branch (political))Executive Branch (political)Judiciary Branch (non-political)Structure of the central government659 elected MPs ( Member of Parliament)⽬前全国共设659个选区（constituency, MP?s seat）；每5年⼀次普选（general elections）；Electoral system:First-past-the-post (abbreviated FPTP or FPP) system1;主要两党为Conservative & Labor;Voting:100% along party lines mostly●House of LordsHereditary peer/peeress 世袭贵族+ Life peer/peeress 终⾝贵族Executive Branch1An election won by the candidate(s) with the most votes. The winning candidate does not necessarily receive an absolute majority of all votes cast.Section: The individual parts of an Act are known as sections.Inside the court●Judges: Appointed by her majesty the Queen, on the advice of the Prime Minister.●Lay peopleMagistrates：No jury in a magistrate?s court JP：Justice of the Peace治安官Jury:12 lay people Decides guilty or innocentOutside the court●Barristers（England & Wales）; Advocates (Scotland)Plead the case in court有资格出庭辩护的律师●SolicitorsPrepare the case for the barrister before the court hearing主要负责整理法律⽂件，提供法律咨询的律师EducationSystem:From Tripartite System: It was not until the Education Act in 1944 that all children were given the right to free secondary (middle school) education.A “tripartite” system of secondary modern, technical and grammar schools selected11-year-old children at the end of their primary education by means of an exam called the eleven plus.To Comprehensive System: In the 1950s, the tripartite system: Not ensure equal educational opportunities or a meritocracy. In the 1960s, Comprehensive schools were introduced with the idea that pupils should not be selected & streamed at such an early age.Types of schools:State schools: Operated by public funds, totally funded by the government and are free to all British children. Independent (Private) schools: Privately financed, funded by the fees charged to the parents. They are both more expensive and more exclusive, and tend to give their students a better-quality education overall.Britain has more than 100 universities, which can be categorized into four types:1. The ancient universities: existed for centuries, and for a long time the only universities, all of them restricted to men. (E.g. Oxford, Cambridge, St Andrew?s苏格兰, Glasgow苏格兰, Edinburgh苏格兰)2. The redbrick universities: founded mainly in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century (E.g. Birmingham, Leicester, Liverpool, Sheffield)3. The universities founded in the 1960s: often in rural areas (e.g. Bath, Essex Surrey, Sussex, East Anglia)4. The …new universities?: once vocational polytechnics but were given university status in 1992 (e.g. Greenwich, Thames Valley, Manchester Metropolitan, West of England)The less happy trends British universities are faced with:1. A reduction in staff numbers2. A reduction in research funding from the government3. A declining share of top-level research output4. The use of a Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) by which the work of every university researcher is assessed in order to decide how much government funding universities will receive5. A deterioration in the quality of buildings and other facilities6. A brain drain as academics have left to work overseasThe Welfare StateThere have been elements of a welfare system in place since the 16th century.1942 comprehensive welfare systemA welfare state is a system of government-run organizations that help everyone to have a good quality of life by providing a safety net of provisions to ensure people?s welfare (well-being).Welfare state aims to offer its citizens: A life with certain specified standards of living which it considers reasonable and possible for all, and protection against the unexpected hazards of life.HealthThe NHS Act (NHS, National Health Service) became law in 1946 but did not come into effect until 1948. There existed great opposition from doctors who feared the loss of their private practices. The government compromised and allowed consultants to continue their practices on a part-time basis.The two health trends which are causes for increased concern:1. Britain has one of the most serious drug problems in Europe.2. Britain is witnessing the emergence of a public health problem that until recently has mainly been associated with the United States: The rising incidence of obesity.NHS: The core of British …welfare state?: All services are free of charge;Services are provided on the basis of need instead of the ability to pay;General Practitioner (GP); …waiting list?.MediaBasic Principles for Broadcasting: Impartial and neutral in dealing with social and political affairs; Entertaining, informing and educating the nation.The five so-called “quality papers”: The Times, Telegraph, Independent, Guardian, Financial Times (all read predominantly by higher socio-economic class)The “qualities” provide a broader range of news and comments, several with a particular political or social bias.The five mass circulation tabloids: The Daily Mail, the Daily Express (read mainl y by the middle class), the Sun, the Daily Mirror, the Daily Star (read mainly by th e working class)The tabloids tend to be more openly partisan and to offer an often simplified and exaggerated picture of politics.。

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(判断题)Chapter 11. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F)2. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England.(T)3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F)4. In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F)5. Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F)6. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T)7. The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F)Chapter 21. British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2. The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T)3. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)4. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)7. The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F)8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen ElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T)Chapter 31. Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the British government.(T)2. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)6. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)7. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)8. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T)Chapter 41. British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T)3. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)4. Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be a great success i n dealing with all the British economic and social problems.(F)5. The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the old Labor Party and the Conservative Party.(T)6. Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics from economic policy.(T)7. Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)8. Nuclear power is one of the major energy source in Britain.(T)Chapter 51. The British government has been responsible for education since the early1800s.(F)2. Education in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and15.(F)3. The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and theindependent system.(F)4. When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a nationalGCSE examination.(T)5. Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enterfamous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6. The Times is the world’s oldest Sunday newspapers.(F)7. The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)(选择题)Chapter 11. The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2. is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. NorthernIreland4. English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element ofwords to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD.pronunciation8. At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifthChapter 21. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2. By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3. The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church6. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7. was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three ofthe following branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4. is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 41. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2. Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3. The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4. Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5. Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland6. Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37. The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned8. Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since the end of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industryChapter 51. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools wereended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.Over of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4. To be admitted to the Open University, one needA. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with the exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6. Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7. is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime(简答题)Chapter 11. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?A: because they like to enjoy the beautiful Scottishscenery, to drink the scotchwhisky and to see the Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?A:the development of English language be divided into three period :old English , middle English ,modern English .3. Why did English become more important after the Black Death?A: the laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social important after the Black Death. So English also grew in importance compared to French .Chapter 21. What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?A:the Queen Victoria’s major achievements in alm ost every aspect : she promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign , British had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.2. What were the two camps in Europe in world war I?A: The central powers which included Germany ,Austria-Hungary , the ottoman empire and Bulgaria and allied powers which were mainly comprised of France , the Russian empire ,and British empire , Italy and the united states.3. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the united states after world war II?A: because they were allied during the war and share the same worries about the former soviet union.Chapter 31. What the three functions of the house of commons?A: the three functionsare : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the governmentpolicy.2. What kind of public image dose liberal democrats have in Britain?A:the liberal democrats is perceived as “middle” between the conservation and the labor party . it is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social . it emphasizes the need for a change in Britain’sconstitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.3. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election ?A; Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in parliament. Therefore , it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.Chapter 41. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s?A: its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment .in 1982,the unemployment rate reached the level of the great depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain’s agriculture?A:britain’s agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agriculture activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country’s labor force , it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain’s beef industry in the mid-1990s?A: Britain’s beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.Chapter 51. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university , whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?Britain comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britishuniversities enjoy complete academic freedom? Britishuniversities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. What role dose the media play in British leisure culture?The media play an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule or a government.。