哥特式教堂的一些术语和词汇

最近在构建一个分类资料夹，为了得到详实全面的图片信息，我了解这些名词和术语的英文就十分重要。以下没有逐字翻译，释义方面看中文书籍就可以了，我也找了一些配图，便于感性认识。把部分成果弄出来，与我的网友们一起分享一下。

The Vocabulary of Gothic Architecture

1. Pinnacle: A sharply pointed ornament capping the piers墩；支柱 or flying buttresses飞扶壁; also used on cathedral facades.

1.房顶尖塔，支墩或飞扶壁顶上的尖尖的装饰物；也用于大教堂的外墙。

2. Flying buttresses:Masonry struts that transfer the thrust of the nave殿堂 vaults拱顶 across the roofs of the side aisles and ambulatory to a tall pier rising above the church's exterior wall. Compare the cross-section of Beauvais Cathedral.

2.飞扶壁：也称扶拱垛

3. Vaulting web:The masonry blocks that fill the area between the ribs of a groin vault.

4. Diagonal rib:In plan, one of the ribs that form the X of

a groin vault.

对角拱柱（十字肋）（A diagonal rib of a Gothic vault. 哥特式穹顶的对角拱柱）

5. Transverse rib: A rib that crosses the nave（教堂）殿堂；中殿 or aisle走廊 at a 90-degree angle.

横肋，rib拱肋

6. Springing:The lowest stone of an arch; in Gothic vaulting, the lowest

a diagonal or transverse rib.

拱底石。拱的最底下的石头。在哥特式的穹顶中，指十字肋或者横肋的最底的石头。

7. Clerestory:The windows below the vaults that form the nave elevation's level. By using flying buttresses and rib vaults on pointed arches, Gothic a

could build huge clerestory windows and fill them with

stained glass held in place by ornamental stonework called tracery.

8. Oculus: A small round window.

9. Lancet: A tall, narrow window crowned by a pointed arch.

又窄又高有个尖拱的窗。细长的窗户被称为“柳叶窗”，圆形的则被称为“玫瑰窗”

10. Triforium:The story in the nave elevation consisting of arcades, usuall but occasionally filled with stained glass).

11. Nave arcade:The series of arches supported by piers separating the nave side aisles.

中殿连拱，一组由支柱支撑的拱，分开了中殿和侧廊。

12. Compound pier with shafts (responds):Also called the cluster pier, a

a group, or cluster, of attached shafts, or

responds,extending to the springing of the vaults（composite pier）pier 墩

附加

Four common types of vault. A barrel vault (also called a cradle vault, tunn or wagon vault) has a semicircular cross section. A groin (or cross) vault

by the perpendicular intersection of two barrel vaults. A rib (or ribbed) v supported by a series of arched diagonal ribs that divide the vault’s surf panels. A fan vault is composed of concave sections with ribs spreading out li

Pointed arch尖拱

groin vault 交叉拱

norman arch 诺曼式拱券molding 线脚装饰线

rib 拱肋

facade正面外墙

ambulatory半圆回廊

apse(尤指)教堂半圆形的后殿chapel礼拜堂

cathedral 天主教堂，大教堂church （泛指）教堂

altar 圣坛祭坛

capital柱头

arcade 联拱

abacus(圆柱)顶板