高中英语语法总结大全之情态动词
高中英语语法系列情态动词
高中英语语法系列情态动词定义:情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。
特点:有一定词义;不受主语人称和数的变化影响;与主要动词的原形一起构成谓语。
情态动词:can/could ; may/might; must ;need ;will/would ; shall /should ; dare / dared ;used to ; ought to etc情态动词的基本用法1. can/coulda. 表能力,could 主要指过去时间1) Two eyes can see more than one .2) The girl could read before she went to school .* be able to do 意思同can/could ,但有较多时态表达形式;在表达过去某个事件有能力干什么时,could 表虽有能力,但不一定做了;was able to 指“不但有能力,而且实际做了”。
3) He _______ escape from the fire , but he went to save the girl .( could /was able to )4) Though the fire spread quickly , everyone ________ escape . ( could /was able to )b. 表可能5) The man there can’t be Mr. Zhang . He has gone to Nanjing .6) Look ! Someone is coming ! Who can it be ?7) * The temperature can fall to – 60 °C8) * He can make mistakes sometimes though he is clever .c. 表允许9) ---Can / Could I use your pen ?--- Yes , you can ./ Sure , go ahead . ( Yes , you could 错误 )d . 表惊异,怀疑,不相信等态度(用于否定句,疑问句或感叹句中)10) Can this be an excuse for being late ?11) No , no , this can’t be true .12) How can you be so careless!2. may / mighta. 表允许13) --- May / Might I ask you for a photo of your baby ?--- Yes , please . / Certainly ./ Please don’t ./ You’d better not ./ No , you mustn’t.b. 表可能,might 语气更加不肯定14) She may be at home .15) She might come to the party , but I am not sure .c .祝愿16) May you succeed !3 . musta . 表义务,意为“必须”,主观意志;而have to 为“不得不”,客观要求。
情态动词主要用法总结
情态动词主要用法总结情态动词是用来表示说话人的态度、情感或意愿的动词。
情态动词有can、could、may、might、shall、should、will、would、must、need 等。
以下是情态动词的主要用法总结:1.表示能力:- Can:表示一般的能力或技能,意为“能够”。
- Could:表示过去的能力或技能,意为“能够”。
2.表示许可或允许:- Can:表示一般的许可或允许,意为“可以”。
- May:表示正式的或礼貌的许可,意为“可以”。
3.表示可能性:- May:表示可能性较大,意为“可能”。
- Might:表示可能性较小,意为“可能”。
4.表示意愿或请求:- Shall:用于第一人称中,表示提议、请求或建议,意为“将”。
- Should:用于第一人称或第三人称中,表示忠告、建议或期望,意为“应该”。
- Will:用于第一人称和第三人称中,表示意愿、决心或承诺,意为“将”。
- Would:用于第一人称和第三人称中,表示客气的请求、建议或愿望,意为“将”。
5.表示必要性或推测:- Must:表示必须性或应该性,意为“必须”。
- Should:表示推测、猜测或可能性较大的必要性,意为“应该”。
6.表示时间或条件:- Will/Would:表示未来时间或条件,意为“将/将会”。
7.表示推测或假设:- Must:表示肯定的推测,意为“一定”。
- May/Might:表示可能的推测,意为“可能”。
需要注意的是,情态动词本身没有人称和数的变化,后面的动词应为原形。
另外,他们常常与动词的原形连用构成谓语,可以用于各种句型,例如肯定句、否定句、疑问句等。
高中英语语法讲义-情态动词
He may [might] be writing a letter. 他可能在写信。
They may [might] be going abroad next month. 他们可能在下个月出国。
③ 后接动词完成式,表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测:
另外,could还可与表示感知的动词(如see, hear, smell, taste, feel, understand等)连用表示的特定能力:
Looking down from the plane, we could see lights on the runway. 从飞机上向下看,我们可以看见机场跑道上的点点灯火。
2) 表示委婉的批评或责备:
You might have made greater progress. 你的进步本来可更大一些的。
You might at least have answered my letter. 你至少可以回我一封信嘛。
③ 表示“差点儿就要”:
I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。
二、may与might的用法
1. 表示允许
注意以下两种情况:
(1) 表示请求允许(即请求别人允许自己做某事),两者都可用,只是 might 表示的语气较委婉(但并不表示过去):
May [Might] I sit here? 我可以坐在这里吗?
1) 表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生:
A lot of men died who might have been saved.很多人本来可以获救的却死了。
It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真的是太危险了,我差点没命了。
情态动词用法归纳总结
情态动词用法辨析情态动词用法can could may might will would be able to shall should ought to must have to had better need dare表能力表请求表许可表意愿表建议表义务表推测表需求表敢不敢一、情态动词表能力时:1、can 和could二者的相似之处在于:二者皆可指因本身的特质或客观条件的存在,主语可能能够完成某事,强调的是主语具备某种能力,而非真实去执行某个动作。
二者的不同之处在于:can 对应现在或将来,而could 对应过去。
2、be able to 和couldcould 表示过去具备某种能力,强调再过去有完成某件事的可能性,而不一定真正去实行。
当be able to 应用于过去时,was/were able to 表示过去某次具体的行为,强调在过去成功完成了某事。
二、情态动词表请求时:1、此时could ,might ,would 并不表示过去,而是在语气上比原型更加委婉客气。
2、当用第一人称提出请求时,常用can/could 和may/might 。
相较而言,could 与may在表请求的问句中出现的频率最高;might表发请求的语气最为委婉客气,因此反而很少见;而can则常用于熟人间的对话中。
语气强度:can>could/might>might3、当用第二人称提出请求时,常用can/could和will/would。
其中could和would 表达请求的语气更委婉客气;而can与will则常用于熟人对话中。
语气强度:can/will>could/would三、情态动词表许可时:1、与表请求不同,will/would不论前接第几人称,都表示主语本身的意愿,无需得到他人的“许可”,所以will/would不可以用于表请求的句中。
2、can和may二者都可以表示对现在或将来动作的许可,其中can的使用频率更高。
高中英语知识点归纳情态动词的情态和语气
高中英语知识点归纳情态动词的情态和语气高中英语知识点归纳:情态动词的情态和语气情态动词是英语中常见的一类动词,用来表示说话人的某种态度、意愿、能力等。
它们在句中通常与其他动词搭配使用,帮助表达某种含义。
本文将对情态动词的情态和语气进行归纳。
一、情态动词的情态含义1. Can“Can”表示某种能力或可能性。
当用于陈述句时,表示某人具备某种能力。
例如:- I can swim.(我会游泳。
)- He can speak three languages.(他会说三种语言。
)2. Could“Could”是“can”的过去式,表示过去具备的能力或某种可能性。
它也可以用来表示礼貌地表达请求。
例如:- I could run very fast when I was young.(我小时候跑得非常快。
)- Could you please pass me the salt?(你能请递给我盐吗?)3. May“May”用于表示允许、请求或推测。
例如:- You may go now.(你现在可以走了。
)- May I borrow your pen?(我可以借用你的钢笔吗?)- She may be at home.(她可能在家。
)4. Might“Might”是“may”的过去式,表示过去某种猜测、推测或可能性。
例如:- He might have forgotten the appointment.(他可能忘记了约定。
)- It might rain later.(说不定一会儿会下雨。
)5. Must“Must”表示一种推测或强烈的命令。
例如:- It must be cold outside.(外面肯定很冷。
)- You must finish your homework before going out.(出去之前你必须完成作业。
)6. Shall“Shall”常用于疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见或提出建议。
情态动词高中知识点高三
情态动词高中知识点高三情态动词是一类具有特殊意义和用法的动词,它们在句子中一般与实义动词连用,表示说话人的推测、命令、请求、建议等情态。
在高中英语学习中,掌握情态动词的正确用法至关重要。
本文将介绍情态动词的相关知识点,帮助高三学生更好地运用这一语法现象。
一、情态动词的定义情态动词,又称情态助动词,是用来表示说话人对某种动作或状态的态度、推测、可能性、能力、意愿、义务等情态的一类特殊动词。
常见的情态动词包括can、could、may、might、must、shall、should、will、would等。
二、情态动词的用法1. 表示能力情态动词can表示某人具有能力或可能做某事,could用于过去说法。
例如:- She can speak three languages fluently.(她能说流利的三种语言)- He could lift the heavy boxes when he was younger.(他年轻时能搬起这些沉重的箱子)2. 表示推测和可能性情态动词may、might、could用于表示推测和可能性。
may用于表示较为肯定的推测,might和could表示推测的可能性较小。
例如:- The weather is cloudy, it may rain later.(天气多云,可能会下雨)- He might be late for the meeting.(他可能会迟到会议)3. 表示义务和建议情态动词must表示说话人对某种行为具有强烈的责任感或坚决要求,should表示建议。
例如:- We must obey the laws of the country.(我们必须遵守国家的法律)- You should apologize to your friend for your mistake.(你应该为你的错误向朋友道歉)4. 表示许可和请求情态动词can、may、could用于表示允许和请求。
高中英语知识点归纳情态动词的用法与义项
高中英语知识点归纳情态动词的用法与义项情态动词是英语中一个重要的语法现象,是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人的态度、意愿、可能性、能力、推断等。
情态动词一般不能单独使用,而是与其他动词连用,构成动词词组来表示各种意义。
下面是对高中英语知识点归纳情态动词的用法与义项的总结。
一、情态动词的意义划分:1. 可能性(Possibility)情态动词:may, might, could, can用法:- may, might, could用于表示事情有可能发生或存在;- can主要用于表示某人具备某种能力。
示例:- It may rain tomorrow. (明天可能会下雨)- He might be at home. (他可能在家)- The key could be in the drawer. (钥匙可能在抽屉里)- I can speak Spanish. (我会说西班牙语)2. 动作愿望(Desire)情态动词:would like, want, wish用法:- would like用于表示客气地提出请求或愿望;- want用于表示强烈的需求或欲望;- wish用于表示遗憾或对现在情况的不满或希望。
示例:- I would like to have a cup of coffee. (我想来一杯咖啡)- She wants to go shopping. (她想去购物)- I wish I had more free time. (我希望我有更多的空闲时间) 3. 推测与推断(Speculation)情态动词:must, may, might用法:- must用于表示说话人根据某种依据做出肯定的推测; - may, might用于表示可能性的推测。
示例:- It must be raining outside. (外面肯定在下雨)- He may/might be busy right now. (他可能正忙)4. 动作能力(Ability)情态动词:can, could用法:- can表示某人具备某种能力;- could表示过去的能力或给予请求、许可的非正式方式。
高中英语语法总结大全之情态动词
高中英语语法总结大全之情态动词情态动词的语法特征1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2)情态动词除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
比较can 和be able to1)cancould 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could),只用于现在式和过去式(could)。
be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2)只用be able toa. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意:could不表示时态1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
--- Could I have the television on?--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。
比较may和might1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you!He might be at home.注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。
只是可能性比may 小。
2)成语: may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。
高中英语知识点归纳情态动词和实义动词的用法
高中英语知识点归纳情态动词和实义动词的用法情态动词和实义动词是高中英语中常见的两类动词,它们具有不同的用法和含义。
下面将对情态动词和实义动词的用法进行归纳总结。
一、情态动词的用法情态动词是表示说话人的语气、态度、情感等方面的动词,常用的情态动词有can,could,may,might,must,shall,should,will,would等。
情态动词的用法如下:1. 表示能力和技能:- can 和 could 表示能力,主要用于肯定句和疑问句中。
- can 用于现在和将来时,could 用于过去时。
- She can swim.(她会游泳。
)- Could you play the guitar?(你会弹吉他吗?)2. 表示许可和禁止:- can 和 may 表示许可,可以用于肯定和疑问句中。
- cannot 和 must not 表示禁止。
- You can go now.(你现在可以走了。
)- May I use your phone?(我可以用一下你的手机吗?)- You must not smoke here.(你不能在这里抽烟。
)3. 表示推测和可能性:- may,might 和 could 表示可能性,可用于肯定和疑问句中。
- may 和 might 可用于现在和将来时,could 可用于过去时。
- He may come tomorrow.(他明天可能来。
)- Could it be true?(这可能是真的吗?)4. 表示义务和建议:- must 和 have to 表示义务,表示说话人的主观意愿。
- should 和 ought to 表示建议或期望。
- We must finish our homework.(我们必须完成作业。
)- You should see a doctor.(你应该去看医生。
)二、实义动词的用法实义动词是指具有实际意义的动词,用来表示具体的动作、状态或变化。
高中英语语法讲解情态动词
高中英语语法讲解情态动词概述1. 共有10个情态动词:can/could, may/might, will/would, shall, should, ought to, must;2个半情态动词need,dare2. 特点:(1)情态动词后加动词原形(即不带to的不定式)一起构成谓语;(2)没有人称和数的变化;(3)多数情态动词有过去式,但其过去式有时并不表示时态,而只起“委婉或不确定语气”的作用。
Would you do me a favour?She may/might be watering the flowers now.3. 情态动词在句子中可发挥不同作用,如表能力,表责任与义务,表推测,表征求允许,表请求,表建议,表语气态度等等● He can/could run 100 meters in 11 seconds.● You should/ought to/must work hard to win a gold medal.● Can/Could/May/Might I watch the Olympics tonight?● Will/Can/Could/Would you help me with my training?● He might/may/could/should/ought to/will/must watch the football match tonight.● I suggest that you should watch the opening ceremony.● Can this be true?4. (1)情态动词+do 表对一般现在或将来情况的推测(2)情态动词+ be doing 表对正在发生的事情的推测(3)情态动词+have done 表对过去已经发生的事情的推测● 常见“情态动词+have done”归纳1. could have done 过去本有能力做某事但没做(虚拟)2. may/might have done ①过去可能已经做了某事(推测)②过去本可能做某事但没做(虚拟)(责备)3. must have done过去一定已经做了某事(推测)4. can't/couldn't have done过去不可能已经做了某事(推测)5. should/ ought to have done ①过去应该已经做了某事(推测)②过去本应该做某事但没做(虚拟)(责备)6. shouldn't/ oughtn't to have done 过去本不应该做某事但做了(虚拟)(责备)7. needn't have done 过去本不必做某事但做了(虚拟)例句1) You could have got a full mark, but you were to careless.2) She may have missed the first train in the morning.3) You may have hurt yourself when climbing the tree.4) You must have stayed up late last night.5) It can't/couldn't have rained last night, for the streets are dry.6) They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.7) You should have e to the meeting earlier.8) You shouldn't have told Mary the sad truth.9) You needn't have taken a taxi here, for it was near my house.一、can/could 的用法3. 固定用法:(1) can not/never…too/enough “再怎么…也不过分,越…越好”● I can never thank you enough.● You can't be too careful.● You can never remember too many words.(2) can't + 比较级“不能更...,非常...”● I can't agree more.● The film couldn't be more boring(3) cannot but do sth. 不得不,只好● I cannot but admire your bravery.(4) can't help doing sth 情不自禁做; can't help (to) do sth 不能帮忙做二、may/might的用法3.may表示祝愿或希望。
情态动词全部知识点总结
情态动词全部知识点总结一、情态动词的基本概念及用法1. 情态动词的定义和特点情态动词是一种特殊的助动词,用来表示说话人对某种情态或可能性的态度。
情态动词具有一定的情态意义,表示说话人的态度、愿望、命令、建议、可能性等。
2. 情态动词的基本特点(1)情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即其形式不受主语的变化而变化;(2)情态动词后面通常接动词原形,构成情态动词的基本结构;(3)情态动词后面一般不加不定式的to,除了ought to外,其他情态动词后面不接to形式的动词。
二、情态动词的用法1. 表示能力、许可和请求(1)can和coulda. 表示能力,用于表达某人有能力做某事;例如:She can speak Chinese.(她会说中文。
)b. 表示请求,用于表示请求或允许;例如:Can I borrow your pen?(我能借你的笔吗?)(2)may和mighta. 表示许可,用于请求许可或征求对方的意见;例如:May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)b. 表示可能性,用于表示可能的情况;例如:It may rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。
)2. 表示建议、命令和义务(1)shoulda. 表示建议,用于给出建议或提出主张;例如:You should see a doctor.(你应该去看医生。
)b. 表示义务,用于表示责任或义务;例如:We should obey the law.(我们应该遵守法律。
)(2)ought toa. 表示责任或义务,用于表示应该做的事情;例如:You ought to apologize to her.(你应该向她道歉。
)3. 表示可能性和必然性(1)musta. 表示必然性,用于表示肯定的推断或必然的结论;例如:He must be at home now.(他现在一定在家。
)b. 表示义务,用于表示应遵守的规定或责任;例如:Students must wear school uniforms.(学生必须穿校服。
情态动词知识点大总结
情态动词知识点大总结一、情态动词的概念和特点情态动词(modal verb)是一类专门用来表示说话者对事物的看法、态度或推测的动词。
常见的情态动词包括 can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to, dare和need等。
与一般动词不同的是,情态动词具有以下几个特点:1. 没有人称和数的变化。
情态动词在句子中不受主语的人称和数的变化而变化,例如,can的第三人称单数形式依然是can,不需要添加-s或-es。
2. 没有时态的变化。
情态动词本身不具备时态的变化,它们不像一般动词那样有过去式和过去分词的变化形式。
3. 没有非谓语形式。
情态动词没有不定式、动名词和非谓语形式,也不能在句子中独立使用,必须与其他动词搭配使用。
4. 没有被动语态。
情态动词不能与被动语态一起使用,也就是说没有情态动词的被动语态形式,只能使用其它动词的被动语态。
二、情态动词的用法情态动词在句子中主要用来表示一种语气、情态或推测,它们有不同的用法和含义,下面将针对每个情态动词的用法进行详细介绍:1. cancan表示能力或可能性,用于表示能力时常用于肯定句中,表达“能够、会”之意,例如,“I can speak English.”而用于表示可能性时则用于疑问句或否定句中,表示“可能、或许”之意,例如,“Can you help me?”。
2. couldcould是can的过去式,用法与can类似,用于表示能力或可能性,也可以表示客气或恳求的语气,例如,“Could you pass me the salt?”。
3. maymay表示允许、请求或推测,用于表示允许时常用于疑问句或否定句中,表示“可能、或许”的意思,例如,“May I borrow your pen?”4. mightmight用法与may类似,表示可能性或意愿,但语气更加委婉,有时也用于表示过去的推测,例如,“It might rain tomorrow.”。
高中英语语法总结:情态动词和虚拟语气
高中英语语法总结:情态动词和虚拟语气考向1 情态动词一、 can, could与be able to1. 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
☞Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)☞Mary can speak three languages.(知识)☞Can you skate?(技能)此时可用be able to代替。
can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。
☞I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.当表示"经过努力才得以做成功某事"时应用be able to,不能用can。
如:☞He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2. 表示请求和允许。
☞—Can I go now?—Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。
在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
☞—Could I come to see you tomorrow?—Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not.)3. 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
☞They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least.4. 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
☞Can this be true?☞This can’t be done by him. How can this be true?二、 may, might1. 表示请求和允许。
might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。
高中英语语法——情态动词总结(附带练习)
情态动词总结I 情态动词的特征:1.本身有词义。
2.不能独立作谓语。
2. 后接动词原形一起构成谓语。
3. 不随人称和数的变化。
II 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法:1.大多数情态动词(除表‘能力、许可、意志’外),都可以表示推测,其程度有差异。
按可能性程度的高低排列为:must﹥will ﹥would ﹥ought to ﹥should完全肯定完全可能很可能﹥can ﹥could﹥may ﹥might可能有可能2. 区分情态动词的否定含义:may not或许不、可能不might not可能不can’t 不可能mustn’t不许、禁止shouldn’t不应该needn’t 不必1.情态动词表推测的反意疑问句,简单来说,就是以情态动词后的时态为淮,如句子里有明确的时间状语,则以其为准。
2.以must 为例:E.g. 1. You must be hungry now, aren’t you?2. He must be watching TV , isn’t he ?3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasn’t he ?4. She must have arrived yesterday, didn’t she?注:如选择题中(以She must have arrived yesterday, didn’t she?为例)既有didn’t she又有hasn’t she则以didn’t she?为最佳答案。
IV 情态动词专项练习与解析一( ) 1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. may not( ) 2. Where is my pen? I _____ it.A. might loseB. would have lostC. should have lostD. must have lost( ) 3. I wish I _____ you yesterday.A. seenB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see( ) 4. I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.A. must beB. must have beenC. should beD. should have been( ) 5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented( ) 6. He _____ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might haveC. may have givenD. may give( ) 7. If it _____ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbedB. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbedD. had not been; could climb( ) 8. Without electricity human life _____ quite difficult today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be( ) 9. A computer _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. can’tB. couldn’tC. may notD. might not( ) 10. Jenny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.A. mustB. shouldC. needD. would( )11. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study( ) 12. — Could I borrow your dictionary?— Yes, of course you _____.A. mightB. willC. canD. should( ) 13. Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have toldB. tellC. be tellingD. having told ( ) 14. — If he _____, he _____ that food.— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken ( ) 15. Peter _____ come with us tonig ht, but he isn’t very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will( ) 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.A. had to write it outB. must have written it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it out( ) 17. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come ( ) 18. — Shall I tell John about it?—No, you _____. I’ve told him already.A. needn’tB. wouldn’tC. mustn’tD. shouldn’t ( ) 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken( ) 20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.A. mustB. needC. shouldD. can( ) 21.— There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.— It _____ a comfortable journey.A. can’t beB. shouldn’t beC. mustn’t have beenD. couldn’t have been ( ) 22. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.A. won’t; can’tB. mustn’t; mayC. shouldn’t; mustD. can’t; shouldn’t ( ) 23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to ( ) 24. — When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.— They _____ be ready by 12:00.A. canB. shouldC. mightD. need( ) 25. — I stayed at a hotel while in New York.— Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.A. could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayed ( ) 26. — Will you stay for lunch?— Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.A. I mustn’tB. I can’tC. I needn’tD. I won’t( ) 27. — Are you coming to Jeff’s party?—I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might( ) 28. — Write to me when you get home.— _____.A. I mustB. I shouldC. I willD. I can( ) 29. I was really anxious about you, you _____ home without a word.A. mustn’t leaveB. shouldn’t have leftC. couldn’t have leftD. needn’t leave( ) 30. — Is John coming by train?— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.A. mustB. canC. needD. may专项练习(二)1. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.A. mustn’t have spokenB. shouldn’t have spokenC. needn’t have spokenD. couldn’t have spoken2. One ought _____ for what one hasn’t done.A. not to be punishedB. to not be punishedC. to not punishedD. not be punished3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must ___ always ___ so much.A. not; be smokingB. not; have smokedC. not; to smokeD. be not; smoking4. With so much work on hand, you _____ to see the game last night.A. mustn’t goB. shouldn’t goC. couldn’t have goneD. shouldn’t have gone5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it ______ better organized.A. had beenB. had to beC. must have beenD. could have been6. I’m surprised that he _____ in the exam.A. should failB. would have failedC. may have failedD. should have failed7. The little girl _____ there alone.A. not dare goB. dares not goC. dare not goD. dare not to go8. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _____.”A. won’tB. needn’tC. can’tD. don’t9. He said he would rather not _____ it right now.A. doingB. to doC. doD. to be doing10. You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A. needn’t to comeB. don’t need comeC. don’t need comingD. needn’t come11. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.A. canB. couldC. wouldD. must12. I _____ play football than baseball.A. would ratherB. had betterC. like betterD. prefer13. I thought you _____ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.A. mayB. mightC. couldD. must14. There was plenty of times. She _____.A. mustn’t have hurriedB. couldn’t have hurriedC. must not hurryD. needn’t have hurried15. The plant is dead. I _____ it more water.A. will giveB. would have givenC. must giveD. should have given16. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. may not17. It’s still early, you _____.A. mustn’t hurryB. wouldn’t hurryC. may not hurryD. don’t have to hurry18. Please open the window, _____?A. can’t youB. aren’t youC. do youD. will you19. We _____ for her because she never came.A. mustn’t have waitedB. shouldn’t have waitedC. mustn’t waitD. needn’t wait20. — May I stop here? — No, you _____.A. mustn’tB. might notC. needn’tD. won’t21. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, _____.A. won’t weB. will weC. don’t weD. shall we22. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.A. mustn’t have spokenB. shouldn’t have spokenC. needn’t have spokenD. couldn’t have spoken23. — Please don’t make a noise. — _____. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I won’tB. No, I won’tC. No, I willD. Yes, I will24. The young man has made so much noise that he _____ not have been allowed to attend the concert.A. couldB. mustC. wouldD. should25. — Where is John? — He _____ in the library.A. should beB. must beC. can beD. must have been26. Since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.A. it must rainB. it must be rainingC. it must have rainedD. it must have been rain27. — Will your brother stay home tonight?— I’m not quite sure. He _____ to the cinema tonight.A. must goB. can goC. may goD. may be going28. She’s already two hours late. What ______ to her?A. can have happenedB. may have happenedC. should have happenedD. must happen29. You must be a writer, _____?A. mustn’t youB. are youC. must youD. aren’t you30. I got up early that morning, but I _____ so because I had no work to do.A. mustn’t have doneB. didn’t need to doC. needn’t have doneD. can’t have done31. He _____ have come here yesterday, but he didn’t.A. couldB. shouldC. ought toD. all the above32. I missed the last bus, so I _____ go home on foot.A. mustB. have toC. mayD. had to33. He ought to win the first prize, _____ he?A. oughtn’tB. shouldn’tC. mustn’tD. both A and B34. Everyone _____ do his best for the modernizations of our country.A. canB. mayC. shouldD. might35. Let’s clean our classroom, _____?A. will youB. don’t weC. shall weD. do you36. Let us play basketball, ______?A. will youB. don’t weC. shall weD. do you37. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that he _____ have it tomorrow.A. mustB. mayC. shallD. both B and C38. “Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 9568442.”A. didn’tB. couldn’tC. don’tD. can’t39. Mother _____ us stories when we were children.A. was used to tellB. is used to tellingC. used to tellD. used to telling40. She would rather _____ more money on books _____ on clothes.A. cos t … notB. to spare … don’tC. pay … thanD. spend … than专项练习(三)1. — Has Li Lin started? He said he would join in the party.— He ______. He is a man of keeping his word.A. could have leftB. must have leftC. can’t comeD. won’t be c oming2. — May I park my car here?— No, you ______. No car is allowed to park here.A. may notB. needn’tC. mustn’tD. daren’t3. — Excuse me, could you tell me where the Yajia Supermarket is?—It’s two blocks straight ahead. You ______ miss it.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. needn’tD. shouldn’t4. — I saw Mr. Sun at Tongyu Station this morning.—You ______. He’s still on holiday in Hawaii.A. couldn’t haveB. mustn’t haveC. shouldn’tD. needn’t5. — How about paying a visit to Dr. Wang, our former Chinese teacher?— Good idea. I will e-mail him today so that he ______ know ______ to expect us.A. shall; whyB. could; whenC. would; whatD. will; how6. Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, ______ be just noise to others.A. mustB. mayC. shouldD. could7. Someone ______ my umbrella. I found it wet yesterday.A. must be usingB. must have usedC. must useD. must have been using8. — How dangerous it was!— Yes, but for the passer-by’s quick action, th e girl ______.A. was drownedB. could have been drownedC. had drownedD. should be drowned9. You ______ scold such a pupil who always keeps silent so seriously that you ______ hurt him.A. should; canB. may; willC. mustn’t; mayD. can’t; must10. — Why does Alice know so much about Angkor Wat?— She ______ have been there, or ...A. mustB. oughtn’t toC. mayD. can’t11. —You may laugh, but I’ve been thinking of becoming a vegetarian.— Oh, you ______ be crazy. You will be hungry all the time.A. mustB. mayC. willD. need12. —What’s the matter with you?—Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried fish just now.A. shouldn’t eatB. mustn’t have eatenC. shouldn’t have eatenD. mus tn’t eat13. — ______ he have been chosen as captain of the football team?— Yes, he ______.A. Can; must haveB. Must; must haveC. Can; mustD. Must; must14. Mr. Zhang ______ in Shanghai tomorrow morning.A. can have arrivedB. will have arrivedC. may have arrivedD. must have arrived15. Miss Wang started at 8 o’clock, and she ______ be there now.A. shouldB. canC. can’tD. need16. — It must be Mr. Li who did it. — No, it ______ be Mr. Li.A. mustn’tB. wouldn’tC. can’tD. may17. You ______ finish reading the book as soon as possible.A. mayB. canC. needD. should18. — Need you go to work now? — Yes, I ______.A. mustB. needC. canD. dare19. Your trousers are dirty. ______ them for you?A. Shall I washB. Will I washC. Am I going to washD. Am I washing情态动词专项练习与解析一【练习解析】1.C 从原题中You can keep it till next week if you like这一信息句可知,“你不必现在还”。
高中英语语法:情态动词的详解大总结
高中英语语法:情态动词的详解大总结一、can和could1、can的用法(1)表示体力和脑力方面的能力。
(2)表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测,主要用在否定句和疑问句中。
(3)表示可能性,理论上的可能性,意为“有时候可能会”,可用于肯定句。
(4)表示允许,意思与may接近。
(5)表示说话人的推测、怀疑、惊异、猜测或不肯定等,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
(6)can的特殊句型cannot…too / enough表示“无论怎么...也不过分”“越...越好”cannot but+ do sth.表示“不得不,只好”2、could的用法(1)表示能力,指的是过去时间。
(2)表示允许,指的是过去时间。
(3)表示可能,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,表示语气缓和。
(4)委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间。
主要用于疑问句,回答时用can。
3、can与could的区别can表推测时只用于否定句和疑问句(could无此限制)。
couldn’t的可能性比can’t小。
4、can与be able to的区别(1)现在时:无区别,但后者不常用。
(2)完成时;can没有完成时,此时要用have (has,had)been able to。
(3)将来时:can没有将来时,要用will be able to。
(4)过去时:could表示一般能力,was/were able to 表示在具体场合通过努力成功做成某事的能力。
二、may 和might1、may的用法(1)表示询问或说明一件事可不可以做。
(2)表示一件事或许会发生或某种情况可能会存在,通常用在肯定句和否定句中。
注意:表示可能性时,can’t语气强,表示“不可能”,may not语气弱,表示“可能不”。
2、might的用法(1)表示询问或允许,指的是过去时间。
(2)表示可能发生的事,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,语气更加不肯定,可能性比may小一些。
情态动词用法归纳总结
情态动词用法归纳总结情态动词(Modal Verbs)是用来表示说话人态度、意愿、能力、可能性、推测等语气的动词。
情态动词在句子中没有人称和数的变化,并且后面接动词原形。
下面是情态动词的用法归纳总结:1. Can-表示能力或许可,意为“能够,可以”-可以用于一般疑问句、否定句和陈述句-不能用于过去的能力或许可2. Could-表示过去的能力、可能性或请求,意为“能够,可以,可能”-可以用于一般疑问句、否定句和陈述句- Used to后面的动词原形(Used to do)表示过去的习惯,与could表示过去的能力有区别3. May-表示允许、可能性或请求,意为“可以,可能”-可以用于一般疑问句、否定句和陈述句4. Might-表示可能性或请求,意为“可能”-可以用于一般疑问句、否定句和陈述句5. Must-表示必须、推测或强烈的可能性,意为“必须,一定”-可以用于一般疑问句、否定句和陈述句6. Shall-表示将来的意愿或决定,意为“将,会”- 一般只用于第一人称(I和we)-可以用于一般疑问句、否定句和陈述句7. Should-表示应该、可能性或建议,意为“应该”-可以用于一般疑问句、否定句和陈述句8. Will-表示将来的意愿或决定,意为“将,会”-可以用于一般疑问句、否定句和陈述句9. Would-表示过去的习惯、虚拟语气或请求,意为“将,会,愿意”-可以用于一般疑问句、否定句和陈述句-用于主动语态时表示客气的请求或意愿,用于被动语态时表示过去的习惯10. ought to-表示应该,意为“应该”-用于一般疑问句、否定句和陈述句需要注意的是,情态动词后面的动词一般是不带to的原形形式。
有些情态动词的意思可能会根据上下文有所变化,所以具体使用时还需根据具体情况来判断。
高中英语知识点归纳情态动词与情态副词的区别与用法
高中英语知识点归纳情态动词与情态副词的区别与用法情态动词和情态副词是英语语法中的两个重要概念,尽管它们在形式上相似,但在用法和含义上有一些区别。
本文将详细介绍情态动词和情态副词的区别和用法。
一、情态动词的定义和用法情态动词是一类特殊的助动词,用于表示说话人的态度、情感或推测。
常见的情态动词有can、could、may、might、shall、should、will、would、must等。
1. 表示能力和才能:- Can:表示能力、许可或请求,用于肯定句和疑问句中。
- He can swim.(他会游泳。
)- Can I borrow your pen?(我能借用你的笔吗?)- Could:过去式,表示过去的能力或请求。
- I could run faster when I was young.(我小时候跑得更快。
)- Could you open the window, please?(请你开下窗户好吗?)2. 表示推测和建议:- May:表示可能性、允许性或请求。
- It may rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。
)- May I use your phone?(我可以用一下你的手机吗?)- Might:表示较小的可能性或社交礼貌。
- He might be at home.(他可能在家。
)- Might I have a glass of water, please?(我可以请你倒杯水吗?)3. 表示义务和建议:- Shall:主要用于疑问句或表示请求或建议。
- Shall we go now?(我们现在走吗?)- You shall do your homework.(你必须完成作业。
)- Should:表示应该、建议或责任。
- You should apologize.(你应该道歉。
)- She should study harder.(她应该更加努力学习。
)4. 表示必须和命令:- Must:表示必须、必要或断定。
高中英语语法之情态动词
高中英语语法之情态动词一、概念情态动词是表示能力,义务,必须,猜测等说话人的语气或情态的动词。
二、相关知识点精讲1.can1)表能力can 表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。
I can climb this pole.我能爬这根杆子。
He is only four , but he can read.他只有4岁,但已认得字了。
Fir e can’t destroy gold.火烧不毁金子。
因为 can 不能和其他助动词连用,所以表示将来式时用will be able to。
You will be able to skate after you have practiced it two or three times.你练习两三次后就会溜冰了。
2)表可能性多用于否定与疑问结构中,但也可用在肯定句中。
Can the news be true?这消息可能是真的吗?It can’t be true.它不可能是真的。
What can he possibly mean?他可能是什么意思?can 用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性(一时的可能)。
Attending the ball can be very exciting.The road can be blocked.这条路可能会不通的。
may 在肯定句中表示现实的可能性。
The road may be blocked.这条路可能不通了。
3)表示允许(和 may 意思相近)常见于口语。
Can (May) I come in ?我能进来吗?Can I smoke here ?我可以在这里抽烟吗?2.could 的用法1)表过去的可能和许可,(多用于间接引语中)At that time we thought the story could not be true.那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。
Father said I could swim in the river.爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。
高中英语知识点归纳情态动词的用法和辨析
高中英语知识点归纳情态动词的用法和辨析情态动词是英语中的一类特殊动词,它们用来表示说话者对某种行为、能力、必要性等方面的态度或推测。
情态动词包括can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would等。
它们在句子中有一定的用法和辨析。
一、can与could1. 表示能力与可能can用于一般现在时和一般未来时,表示肯定的能力或可能性;e.g. He can swim.(他会游泳。
)I can solve this problem.(我能解决这个问题。
)could则用于过去时,表示过去某一时间的能力或可能性。
e.g. When I was young, I could run very fast.(当我年轻的时候,我跑得很快。
)2. 请求与许可can用于一般现在时,表示请求或征询许可;e.g. Can I borrow your pen?(我可以借用你的笔吗?)Could则更加委婉,用于礼貌地请求或征询许可。
e.g. Could you please help me with the homework?(你能帮我做作业吗?)二、may与mightmay用于一般现在时和一般未来时,表示较正式的许可或征求对方意见。
e.g. May I use your phone?(我可以用你的电话吗?)might则表示过去或将来的一种可能性,常用于虚拟语气中。
e.g. If it rains tomorrow, we might stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们可能会呆在家里。
)三、must1. 表示推测或推理must用于一般现在时和一般过去时,表示根据已有的客观事实或推理得出的合理推测。
e.g. He has been studying hard, so he must pass the exam.(他一直在努力学习,所以他一定会通过考试。
)2. 表示义务或必要性must用于一般现在时和一般过去时,表示说话者的主观认识或认为事物具有必然性或必要性。
高中英语情态动词详细讲解及例句
一、情态动词无人称和数的变化,不能单独做谓语,只能和行为动词或状态动词构成谓语二、情态动词分为:情态助动词:can(could)、may(might)、must、have to (had to )、ought to 、shall(should)、will(would) 12个半情态助动词:dare、need、used to、had better、would better(5个)三、情态助动词1.can and could1)ability:be able to do /manage to do/succeed in doing sth.eg.The army can defeat their enemy.eg.The army is able to defeat their enemy.eg.The army succeed in defeating their enemy.2)permission:eg.Can I smoke here?eg.You can’t smoke here.3)possibility:用在否定句、疑问句、感叹句中-eg.This can’t be done by him.当被用在肯定句中时,表达的是理论上的可能性,不涉及是否真的会发生eg.even expert drives can make mistakes.要表达现在或者将来的可能性,用may /might或could.eg.I may leave for Beijing next month.但在特殊疑问句中,或与副词hardly、only等连用的陈述句中表达可能性只用can/couldEg.where can the noise be coming from?eg.It can hardly be the postman,he comes only in the morning.4)有时会:the road can be blocked.5)could 表示轻微的怀疑或委婉的看法I’m sorry I couldn’t lend you the book now.His story could be true,but I hardly think it is.6)could 表示委婉的请求,主要用于疑问句,不用于肯定句Could you lend me some money?Yes,I can /No,I am afraid not.7)could 的常用结构:could+动词+比较级“非常,再.....不过了”It couldn’t be better.Couldn’t +过去分词+比较级“非常,再.....不过了”They couldn’t have tried harder to make me eel welcome.Can’t..too..=can never too“无论怎样...也不为过,越...越好”I can’t thank you too much.I owe my progress to you.Can’t (help/choose) but do/can but +动词原形“不得不,只好”We can but agree with him.Can’t help doing 忍不住,不得不I can’t help laughingCan’t be (it) 控制不住,没有办法It can’t be helpedCan’t....without 没有...就不能One can’t succeed without perseverance.2.may and might1)permission:May I use your pen?Yes,you may./No,you may not.2)Possibility:用于推测,表示不确定,不用于疑问句中She may know Tom’s address.出现I’m afraid.I’m not sure等表示不确定时,常用may/might.I’m afraid he might not come to attend the meeting today.从语气上判断,may表示的可能性比might 大,might更多的表示怀疑He may be very busy now.He might be very busy now.3)用于让步状语从句中However hard you may study,you cannot master English in a month.4)用于祈使句,表示祝愿May you succeed!5)might 常用于表示轻微的责备和委婉的请求You might post the letter for me if you are going near a post box.You might have let me know before!6)习惯用法:may as well do”理所当然,有足够的理由”She may be proud of her sonMay /might (just) as well do=had better do(最好)You might as well stay at home tonight.May/might as well+do A+as+do+B”与其做B不如做A”You might as well throw the money away as lend it to him.One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly3.must and have to1)表示义务,一定要,必须You must arrive in good time.The meeting is very important.2)表示肯定性或难以避免,必然会,肯定会All men must die.3)must 表示有把握的推测,一定是,准时Must do/must be doing/must have doneThe tall fellow must be a basketball player.Let’s have something.You must be starving.He must have received mu letter which has mailed last week.4)must 表示非要,偏要,常以第二人称为主语,意指不耐或令人不愉快的事情,用于其他人称,表示主语固执,意为偏偏Why must you buy that car?Jane was never a pleasant young girl.After you gave her your advice,she must goand do the opposite.5)must 的三种否定形式表示不可能must be --can’t be must have done--can’t have doneYou must have met him before.You can’t have met him before.表示不必must do--need not to/don’t have toWe must get up at six tomorrow morning.We don’t have to get up at six tomorrow morning.表示决不能,严禁must--mustn’tYou mustn’t park your car here.6)回答以must提问的句子Must we clean all the rooms?Yes ,you must/No ,you don’t have to/No ,you needn’t7)must 可做名词,表示必须有的东西,必须做的事Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.8)must和have to 表示必须时,有一下差别Must 表示的是说话人主观的看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要The play is not interesting ,I really must go now.I have to work when I was your age.Must 一般只表现在,have to 则有更多的时态。
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高中英语语法总结大全之情态动词情态动词的语法特征1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2)情态动词除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
比较can 和be able to1)can,could 表示能力;可能(过去时用could),只用于现在式和过去式(could)。
be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2)只用be able toa. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意:could不表示时态1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
--- Could I have the television on?--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。
比较may和might1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you!He might be at home.注意:might 表示推测时,不表示时态。
只是可能性比may 小。
2)成语:may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。
If that is the case, we may as well try.典型例题Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will答案B. 表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。
比较have to和must1)两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。
(客观上需要做这件事) He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。
(主观上要做这件事)2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。
但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.3)在否定结构中:don't have to表示"不必"mustn't表示"禁止",You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
must表示推测1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为"一定"。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。
(对现在情况的推测判断)He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较:He must be staying there. 他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.5) 否定推测用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。
表示推测的用法can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:1)情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3)情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。
情态动词+have+过去分词1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2)must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有"肯定","谅必"的意思。
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.---She must have gone by bus.3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。
否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。
)ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn't have done sth本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.5) would like to have done sth本打算做某事I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.should和ought toshould 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思,可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?---Yes. I think he ought to.表示要求,命令时,语气由should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。
had better表示最好had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sthhad better not do sthIt is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为"本来最好"。
You had better have come earlier.would rather表示"宁愿"would rather dowould rather not dowould rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.典型例题----Shall we go skating or stay at home?----Which ___ do?A. do you ratherB. would you ratherC. will you ratherD. should you rather答案B。