高中化学各类有机物之间的相互转化关系
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各类有机物之间的相互转化关系
CH
CH3
323
高聚酯
CH3CH2ONa
CH32233
(1)CH3CH3+Br2光照CH3CH2Br+HBr
(2)CH2=CH2+H2催化剂
△
CH3CH3
(3)CH2=CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2Br (4)CH2=CH2+HBr CH3CH2Br (5)CH2=CH2+H2O浓H2SO4CH3CH2OH
(6)n CH2=CH2催化剂CH2CH2
n
(7)CH≡CH+H2催化剂
△
CH2=CH2
(8)CH≡CH+HCl 催化剂
△
CH2=CHCl
(9)CH2CH
Cl
2CH
Cl
n
n
(10)CaC2+2H2O CH≡CH↑+Ca(OH)
2
(11)+ Br2催化剂
Br+
HBr
(12)+ HO-NO22SO4
△NO2
+ H2O
(13)+3H2
催化剂
△
(14)
CH3
+ 3HO-NO22SO4
△
CH3
O2N
NO2
NO2
+3H2O
(15)
CH3
4
或酸性K2Cr2O7
COOH
(16)2OH+2Na2ONa+H2↑
OH+NaOH ONa+H2O
OH+Na2CO3ONa+NaHCO3
(17)ONa+HCl OH+NaCl
ONa+CO2+H2O OH+NaHCO3
(18)
OH
+3Br2
OH
Br Br
Br
↓+3HBr
(19)2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑
(20)CH3CH2OH浓H2SO4
0CH2=CH2↑+H2O
(21)C2H5-OH+HO-C2H52SO4
0C2H5-O-C2H5+H2O
(22)CH3CH2OH+HBr△CH3CH2Br+H2O
(23)2CH 3CH 2OH+O 2催化剂
△
2CH 3CHO+2H 2O CH 3CH 2OH+CuO
△CH 3CHO+Cu+H 2O
(24)2CH 3CHO+O 2
催化剂△
2CH 3COOH
(25)CH 3CHO+2Ag(NH 3)2OH △
CH 3COONH 4+2Ag ↓
+3NH 3+H 2O
(26)CH 3CHO+2Cu(OH)2
△
CH 3COOH+Cu 2O ↓+2H 2O
(27)CH 3CHO+H 2催化剂
△
CH 3CH 2OH
(28)CH 3COOH+HOC 2H 5浓H 2SO 4
△
CH 3COOC 2H 5+H 2O (29)CH 3COOC 2H 5+H 2O
CH 3COOH+C 2H 5OH
(30)2CH 3COOH+2Na
2CH 3COONa+H 2↑ 2CH 3COOH+Na 2O
2CH 3COONa+H 2O CH 3COOH+NaOH CH 3COONa+H 2O
2CH 3COOH+Na 2CO 32CH 3COONa+H 2O+CO 2↑ CH 3COOH+NaHCO 3
CH 3COONa+H 2O+CO 2↑
(31)CH 3COOC 2H 5+NaOH
△CH 3COONa+C 2H 5OH
(32)CH 3CH 2Br+NaOH △
水CH 3CH 2OH+NaBr (33)CH 3CH 2Br+NaOH
△
乙醇CH 2=CH 2↑+NaBr+H 2O
(34)CH 2Br
CH 2Br + 2NaOH
△
水CH 2OH CH 2OH
+2NaBr
(35)CH 2BrCH 2Br+2NaOH
△
乙醇CH ≡CH ↑+2NaBr+2H 2O
(36)CH 2OH
CH 2
OH +O 2催化剂
△
CHO CHO
+2H 2O
(37)CHO CHO +O 2催化剂
△
COOH
COOH (38)CHO
CHO
+2H 2催化剂
△CH 2OH CH 2OH
(39)COOH COOH +CH 2OH CH 2OH
2SO 4
△C O C O O
O CH 2CH 2
+2H 2O
(40)n COOH
COOH +n CH 2OH CH 2
OH 2SO 4
△
C HO O C O
O CH 2
CH 2
O H n
+(2n -1)H 2O