首字母填空答题技巧

综合填空答题技巧

一、题型介绍

综合填空，即首字母填空，是近年来天津中考常用题型之一，每空1分，共10分。采用一篇短文，空出十个空，给出首字母提示，让考生根据内容填出所空缺的单词。这种题型属于能力测试的范畴，它所考查的内容范围很广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还会涉及其他方面的知识和生活常识等问题。它往往有一定难度，能拉开考生间的分差、提高区分度。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。这种试题的首字母已给出，这既是一种限制，又是一种提示。要做好此类题目，考生不但要有较强的语感，而且要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量。

二、知识与技能

1. 积累词汇

要掌握好所学的单词和短语及一些固定搭配，并且掌握它们的常用法，这是答题的基础知识储备。你心里没有装着足够的词汇，做起题来就会有困难。

2. 分析语境

很多情况下，你要填的单词与上下文有紧密的联系，这也就是语境。这时一定要分析上下文才能想出来，有可能在上下文还会出现该词或者相关的词，所以你要具有善于分析的能力和一双善于发现的眼睛。

3. 词性词形

我们可以根据上下文及本句判断所要填的单词的词性，这需要我们有一定的语法知识，要懂词法，懂句法，并且会带着空去分析。词性判断准确有利于更快地想出答案，并正确使用单词的各种形式。

4. 逻辑推理

文章总是有一定逻辑的，除了时间、地点、人物等关系，还要学会看出列举、原因、结果、让步、目的、条件等关系。

5. 翻译技巧

翻译是理解和填空的必要条件，尤其是一些复合句和带生词的句子，翻译准确才能促使你想出答案。

三、答题技巧

1. 通读短文

第一遍通读，看懂文章大意，同时看你能填上几个词，这取决于你平时的语言理解能力和词汇量。

2. 细读分析

第二遍细读，要翻译，要分析句式，要分析词性，要看上下文。有的根据一句话就可以想出答案，有的要根据上下文才能想出。

（1）依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：如：They are l forward to visiting the factory. 我们知道look forward to是“盼望……”的意思，所以答案是l ；

（2）依据语法知识进行填词：如：It was a l earlier. 从句中的earlier 可以看出它是比较级，我们应该会想到修饰形容词比较级有哪些词，那此题答案就是l ；

（3）依据常识的积累进行填词：如：But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr White said nothing but only one word “S .” Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S .”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以填S ；

（4）依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：如：One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friend’s house happily. He wanted to p his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. 根据句意，Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填p 。

3. 认真检查

检查填写的单词形式和意思是否合理，是否与文章要求相符，有无句型结构及语法错误，比如第三人称单数、过去式等变化及非谓语动词变化、名词单复数等等。

如：They used to play games together h .此处应填h ，是副词，你要填了形容词happy就只能得0.5分。

练习一

On July2, 1937, Amelia Earhart( an American pilot) and Fred Noonan left New Guinea for Howland Island in the Pacific. This was the longest and most dangerous part of their t 1 around the world. Earhart had trouble soon after the plane took off. The weather was very bad, so she had to f 2 at 3,000 metres. Going this high, the plane used fuel quickly.

After about 20 h 3 , Earhart and Noonan got close to Howland Island. The island was o 4 about 65 miles (英里) away, but the bright sun was shining in their faces so they couldn’t see it. Near Howland, a ship was w 5 for the plane. Earhart contacted the ship: “We don’t have enough fuel.” she said. The ship tried to stay in touch with her b 6 got no answer. Finally, the ship called for help. People looked for Earhart and Noonan for days. However, they found nothing.

What happened to Amelia Earhart? No one knows for sure. D 7 the flight, she probably moved in the wrong direction(方向) because the sun was bright and it was d 8 to see. So she got lost; soon after, her plane ran out of fuel, and she died at sea. Another idea is that she survived(幸存) the plane crash(飞机失事), s 9 to a lonely island, and later died there.