Of Studies 王佐良先生译文
培根“Of Studies”的两个译本赏析
JIAN NAN WEN XUE臣下百吏莫不宿道乡方而务,是夫人主之职也。
若是,则一天下,名配尧、禹。
”从另一方面阐明了依法执政实为“人主之职”,也是“一天下”的必由之路。
因此,虞舜之道有关“求中”与“得中”的实践,可以概括为三个方面:首先注重的是家庭生活中的和睦之道,其次是社会生活中人与人的平等互助,再次是在对外关系中和平共处。
特别是在对三苗的关系处理上,虞舜不仅主张义征三苗,施大德于三苗,以“仁义”取胜,而且把自己的遗体埋在南方,以保证民族和解,不起战事,最终解决了长期以来南北对立的局面,最终实现了华夏、东夷、三苗三大部族的统一,为夏王朝的建立奠定了坚实的基础。
《吕氏春秋·尚德》:“三苗不服,禹请攻之。
舜曰:‘以德可也。
’行德三年,而三苗服。
孔子闻之曰:‘通乎德之情,则孟门、太行不为险矣。
故曰德之速,疾乎以邮传命。
’周明堂,金在其后,有以见先德后武也。
舜其犹此乎?其臧武通于周矣。
”《盐铁论·论功》也说:““有虞氏之时,三苗不服,禹欲伐之,舜曰:‘是吾德未喻也。
’退而修政,而三苗服。
”这些论述说明,虞舜在处理内外关系与民族矛盾时,秉持“以和为贵”与“以德服人”的方针,取得了较好效果。
三尧历史意义及其现代启示中华文明从一开始就把和谐作为价值观的最高准则。
追求和谐,是中华文化精神和民族精神的一个显著特点。
中国人以和为贵、以和为善、以和为美。
和谐文化造就了中国人崇尚和谐、爱好和平,主张多民族和睦共存,多元文化融合共生,重视人自身、人与人、人与社会、人与自然统一性的文化传统。
而造就这一文化传统的最早源头,应该就是虞舜文化。
虞舜文化是中华传统文化的重要母源,且对历代执政者的治民理念及其具体措施均有深远影响。
纵观历史,中国古代凡是长治久安的时期,执政者都高度重视依法施政。
立法历来为执政者所重视,早在神农炎帝时期就出现了《政典》、《黄帝四经》等法律文献。
自尧舜至夏商,在不同历史时期的发展过程中一直不断出现一些具有重要意义的文件,其中如《尧典》、《舜典》、《大禹》、《皋陶谟》等,有学者认为都是具有“宪法性意义”的法律文献。
FrancisBacon--ofstudy中英文
Of marriage and single life夫人之有妻儿也不啻已向命运典质，从此难成大事，无论善恶。
兴大业，立大功，往往系未婚无儿者所为，彼辈似已与公众结亲，故爱情产业并以付之。
按理而论，有子女者应对未来岁月最为关切，因已将至亲骨肉托付之矣。
独身者往往思虑仅及己身，以为未来与己无关。
有人则视妻儿为负债。
更有贪而愚者，以无儿女为荣，以为如此更可夸其富足。
此辈或曾闻人议论，一云此人为大富，另一则云否也，其人有多子负担，其财必损。
然独身之原因，最常见者为喜自由，尤其自娱任性之人不耐任何束缚，身上褡带亦视为桎梏。
未婚者为最好之友、最好之主、最好之仆，然非最好之臣，因其身轻易遁也，故亡命徒几全未婚。
未婚适合教会中人，因如先须注水于家池则无余泽以惠人矣。
然对法官行政官等则无足轻重，彼辈如收礼贪财，劣仆之害五倍于妻。
至于士兵，余尝见将军以渠等妻儿所望激励之，而土耳其人鄙视婚姻，故其士兵更为卑劣。
妻儿对人确为一种锻炼。
单身者本可心慈过人，因其资财少耗也，实则由于不常触其心肠，反而更为严酷(因而适为审判异端之官)。
庄重之人守规不渝，为夫常能爱妻，是故人云优利息斯“爱老妻胜过不朽也”。
贞节之妇自恃节操，不免骄纵。
欲使妻子守贞从夫，夫须有智；如妻疑夫猜忌，则断难听命矣。
妻子者，青年之情妇，中年之伴侣，老年之护士也，故如决心结婚，须善择时。
昔有智者答人问何时可婚，曾云：“青年未到时，老年不必矣。
”常见恶夫有良妻，是否由于此辈丈夫偶尔和善，更见其可贵，抑或此类妻子以忍耐为美德欤？可确言者，如妻子不顾友朋劝告而自择恶夫，则必尽力弥补前失。
Of studySTUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
（王佐良译《论读书》）读书为学的用途是娱乐、装饰和增长才识。
（水译）Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business.其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
OF STUDIES Francis Bacon 论读书--培根 王佐良译
Nay there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.
They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.
Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts;
Of_Studies_(英汉对照)PDF.pdf
Of Studies （英汉对照）Francis Bacon王佐良先生译文➢Studies serve for delight1, for ornament2, and for ability3.读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
Their chief4 use for delight, is in privateness5 and retiring6;其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；for ornament, is in discourse;其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；and for ability, is in the judgment7, and disposition8 of business.其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
For expert9 men can execute10, and perhaps11 judge ofparticulars12, one by one;练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，but the general13 counsels14, and the plots15 and marshalling16 of affairs17, come best, from those that are learned.然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
To spend too much time in studies is sloth;读书费时过多易惰，to use them too much for ornament, is affectation18;文采藻饰太盛则矫，to make judgment wholly19 by their rules, is the humor of ascholar20.全凭条文断事乃学究故态。
They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience:读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning21, by study;盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；and studies themselves, do give forth directions22 too much atlarge, except they be bounded23 in by experience.而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
OfStudies(译文对照)
对照Of Studies的四种译文。
哪一种译文在风格上与原文更“切近”？你最喜爱哪一种？为何？OF STUDIESFrancis BaconStudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be, only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a greatmemory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing, to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases; so every defect of the mind may have a special receip t.谈念书（译文1）念书能够怡情养性，能够摭拾文采，能够增加才华。
弗朗西斯.培根《论读书》Of-Studies(译文对比)
对比Of Studies的四种译文。
哪种译文在风格上与原文更“切近”？你最喜欢哪一种？为什么？OF STUDIESFrancis BaconStudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be, only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing, to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases; so every d efect of the mind may have a special receipt.谈读书（译文1）读书可以怡情养性，可以摭拾文采，可以增长才干。
培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文鉴赏
培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文鉴赏阅读是我们获取知识的重要手段，下面是培根着名的关于读书的一篇美文——论读书，并奉上另外两个版本的译文。
对于好的书，可以多加研读，对于普通书籍，知其大意即可，就像在中，阅读是弹性的，你可以选择对内容把握程度的深浅。
“有些书可以浅尝辄止，有些书可以生吞，而有少数书应该细嚼慢咽，融会贯通”——谈读书——王佐良译读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。
书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。
书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。
人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。
滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。
Of Studies(王佐良译)
培根论读书STUDIESserve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief usefor delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business.读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
serve for:被用于serve the devil助纣为虐serve two masters一仆二主/墙头草serve as a foil to sb.某人的陪衬、配角ornament：装饰chief：主要的discourse：对话，篇章disposition：处理For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar.练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。
Of Studies 论读书 By Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根著 (十种译本比较)
OF STUDIES 论读书By Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根著（十种译本比较）作者：张晨路1．Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.东旭译文：读书是为了娱乐、装饰和增长才能。
水天同译文：读书为学底用途是娱乐、装饰和增长才识。
王楫译文：读书可以怡情养性，可以摭拾文采，可以增长才干。
王佐良译文：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
何新译文：读书可以作为消遗，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。
陈才宇译文：读书可以作为娱乐，作为装饰，作为能力的培养。
姚宗立译文：学习以获乐趣，以装饰门面，以求才能。
廖运范译文：读书能给人乐趣、文雅和能力。
曹明伦译文：读书之用有三：一为怡神旷心，二为增趣添雅，三为长才益智。
陈毅平译文：读书可以娱乐，可以装饰，可以增长才干。
2．Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.东旭译文：其娱乐方面的主要用途在于独处和隐退之时；其装饰方面的主要用途在于言谈之中；其增长才能方面的主要用途在于对事务的判断和处理。
水天同译文：在娱乐上学问底主要的用处是幽居养静；在装饰上学问底用处是辞令；在长才上学问底用处是对于事务的判断和处理。
王楫译文：在幽居独处时，最能体现其怡情养性的作用；在友朋交谈中，最能体现其摭拾文采的作用；在处世论事之际，最能体现其增长才干的作用。
王佐良译文：其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
何新译文：孤独寂寞时，阅读可以消遣。
高谈阔论时，知识可供装饰。
处世行事时，正确运用知识意味着才干。
培根的两种译文比较分析
Francis Bacon's "Of Studies" 王佐良和廖运范两种译本分析比较：1）Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.王佐良译文：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
廖运范译文：读书能给人乐趣、文雅和能力。
分析：王的译文准确的再现了原文的排比句式，廖的译文虽然也把原作的意思表达了出来，但缺少了原文的气势，这一点上王的稍好。
2）Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.王佐良译文：其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中，其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
廖运范译文：人们独居或退隐的时候，最能体会到读书的乐趣；谈话的时候，最能表现出读书的文雅；判断和处理事物的时候，最能发挥由读书而获得的能力。
分析：两者都传达了原作的意思，而王的译文用句型：“其...也，最见于...”和三个四字成语简单而有力的传达的原作的思想，更忠实于原作，读起来琅琅上口；廖的译文有点白话文的感觉，虽然也是使用的排比，但排比不如王的气势和对称，有点冗长，这一点王略胜一筹。
3) For expert men can execute（实施,实行;执行;履行）, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots, and marshalling（1.封送处理2.砌体 3.编组）of affairs, come best from those that are learned.王佐良译文：练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
Of Studies译文对比赏析
Of Studies译文对比赏析【摘要】of studies《论读书》是弗兰西斯培根（1561－1626）的一篇非常著名的随笔，它分析了读书的目的、读书的益处、不同的读书方法以及各类书籍对人类的特殊功用，提出读书对人的性情品格产生潜移默化的影响。
笔者对比两个译本，提出翻译应当发挥译语优势。
【关键词】信达雅翻译对等【中图分类号】h315.9 【文献标识码】a 【文章编号】1006－9682（2011）10－0040－02一、原作写作风格of studies的语言风格和现代英语颇为不同。
与时文相比，它显得有点像古文。
全文以读书（study）为中心展开讨论，环环相扣，意思逐层递进。
文字精炼，语言简约、潇洒、比喻恰当，富于想象力，处处透露出美感与智慧，说服力十足，论断分明，尤以富含哲理的名言警句见长，字里行间饱含自信。
不时结合使用拉丁文，使文章带有古香古色的韵味，书卷气十足。
二、对比分析严复提出翻译要做到信、达、雅，对于散文，我认为译者在做到信、达的同时，更要注重雅。
在通篇的行文上，要追求风格的一致性。
如前文所言，该散文语言精炼，文章短小精悍，所以翻译的难处在于再现语言简约优美风格的同时又不失其说服力，实现刚和柔的完美结合。
在此，我将挑选王佐良和廖运范的译文（以下简称为王译和廖译）来作比较分析。
1．对比一下两篇译文的风格王译采用半文半白的语言形式，四字词的使用频率高，语言简洁，与原文的风格十分接近，而廖译则用现代汉语的形式，使文章显得十分通俗易懂。
如果按照奈达所提倡的意义的对应必须优先于文体上的对应这一言论来分析这两篇译文，那么这两篇译文都忠实于原文，在读者中产生的效应是相当的。
但是，若按照科勒提出的对等观点来研究翻译对等和等效的问题，那么王译就脱颖而出了。
科勒所提出的除了外延对等（denotative equivalence），主要研究词汇方面；还包括内涵对等（connotative equivalence），即文体对等，关注文体效果，古体的或是平实的；语篇规约对等（text －normative equivalence），关注不同交际场景的用法；语用对等（pragmatic equivalence），指为特定的读者群进行翻译和形式对等（formal equivalence），针对的是韵律、隐喻和其他修辞手法的对等。
on study十种译本比较
OF STUDIES 论读书By Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根著（十种译本比较）1．Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.东旭译文：读书是为了娱乐、装饰和增长才能。
水天同译文：读书为学底用途是娱乐、装饰和增长才识。
王楫译文：读书可以怡情养性，可以摭拾文采，可以增长才干。
王佐良译文：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
何新译文：读书可以作为消遗，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。
陈才宇译文：读书可以作为娱乐，作为装饰，作为能力的培养。
姚宗立译文：学习以获乐趣，以装饰门面，以求才能。
廖运范译文：读书能给人乐趣、文雅和能力。
曹明伦译文：读书之用有三：一为怡神旷心，二为增趣添雅，三为长才益智。
陈毅平译文：读书可以娱乐，可以装饰，可以增长才干。
2．Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.东旭译文：其娱乐方面的主要用途在于独处和隐退之时；其装饰方面的主要用途在于言谈之中；其增长才能方面的主要用途在于对事务的判断和处理。
水天同译文：在娱乐上学问底主要的用处是幽居养静；在装饰上学问底用处是辞令；在长才上学问底用处是对于事务的判断和处理。
王楫译文：在幽居独处时，最能体现其怡情养性的作用；在友朋交谈中，最能体现其摭拾文采的作用；在处世论事之际，最能体现其增长才干的作用。
王佐良译文：其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
何新译文：孤独寂寞时，阅读可以消遣。
高谈阔论时，知识可供装饰。
处世行事时，正确运用知识意味着才干。
Of Studies
• 以《论读书》为例看王 佐良先生的翻译风格
1. 从修辞角度来看
•
原文多用排比，比喻，重复等修辞手法达到 增强气势且语言简练的目的，这样作为一篇 说理性的文章更容易说服读者以达到传递信 息的作用。而王佐良先生的译文刚好也依照 原文工整的做出了翻译。他主张“尊重原作， 雅俗如之，口气如之，文体如之”。这就是 他的翻译出发点，所以在原文有排比的地方， 他也均采用排比，没有丝毫省略。语言清新 流畅，对仗工整。这些短小精悍的句子都使 文章更加耐人寻味，发人深省，增强气势。 这样的均衡美，匀称美充分体现了汉语言的 文化特色。
• Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in morse. Studeis go to make up a man’s character. • 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人 周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重， 逻辑修辞之学使人善辩；凡有所学，皆成 性格。
3. 从整体意境来看
• 原文旨在说明读书的意义、态度以及方法， 王佐良先生同样在自己深刻领会之后向读 者传达了这样原文的信息以及美学价值。 翻译不仅是要翻译出原文的意思，更重要 的就是这个意境，因此这个韵味一定要有， 而本文章巧妙布局且措辞得当，他在传达 原文意境的过程中忠实原文，且同时又展 现了独特的中国韵味，并且注意了节奏美 与意境美的结合，这与译者本身的水平是 分不开的。
• Studies serve for delight， for ornament， and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring； for ornament， is in discourse； and for ability， is in the judgement and that are learned. 译文：读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其 怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时，其博采也，最见 于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之 际。 • 原文中的名词全部译为动词，读起来很有动感， 这是汉语的一大特色，此外，汉语中还有大量对 偶的动词词组，这些词的使用使汉语的动态意味 更加明显。英汉互译的过程往往是静态与动态互 相转换的过程，这是着两种语言一个很显著的差 异。
(完整版)培根的《论读书》OfStudies(原文和译文)
Of StudiesSTUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men canexecute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affa irs,come best, from those that are learned. To spend too muc h timein studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study; and studies themselves, do gi veforth directions too much at large, except they be bounded inby experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men ad mirethem, and wise men use them; for they teach not their ownbut that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won b yobservation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to beli eveand take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others t o beswallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that i s,some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read,but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and wit hdiligence and attention. Some books also may be read by d eputy,and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only inthe less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book s,else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashyReading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writ ingan exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Historie smake men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; nat uralphilosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to co ntend.Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impedim ent inthe wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as disea sesof the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is go od forthe stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and ***; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. Soif a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics ; forin demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are Cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and t ocall up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him st udythe lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.论读书王佐良译读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文鉴赏
培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文鉴赏阅读是我们获取知识的重要手段，下面是培根著名的关于读书的一篇美文——论读书，并奉上另外两个版本的译文。
对于好的书，可以多加研读，对于普通书籍，知其大意即可，就像在快速阅读中，阅读是弹性的，你可以选择对内容把握程度的深浅。
“有些书可以浅尝辄止，有些书可以生吞，而有少数书应该细嚼慢咽，融会贯通”——谈读书——王佐良译读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。
书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。
书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。
人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。
滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。
从美学角度比较ofstudies的三种译本
从美学角度比较ofstudies的三种译本从美学角度比较of studies的三种译本摘要：《培根论说文集》是少数“世界书”中的一部，对后世文学创作产生了极其深远的影响，引起各翻译家的广泛兴趣。
本文从美学角度出发，对王佐良、曹明伦、水天同三位译者的译文进行比较研究。
通过比较，展现王佐良先生在对原著充分理解的基础上，对作品加以修饰，使其译文再现原著之美，也表露出他的翻译美学思想。
关键词：Of Studies；翻译美学；王佐良；曹明伦；水天同Abstract：Bacon’s Essa ys is one of the minor Word Books. It has profound effects on the creation of later literature .And countless translators has risen highly interested in it. From the aesthetic point of view, this papper studies on the comparation of the three Chinese versions of Wangzuoliang’s , Caominglun’s,Shuitiantong’s . According this,it w ill show that Mr.Wang has a fully understanding about the original prose and then develop it so that the essences of the origin can be presented in his Chinese version. Also the papper can show his thoughts about aesthetics.Key words: Of Studies; translation aesthetics ;Wangzuoliang; Caominglun; Shuitiantong翻译是用一种语言形式把另一种语言形式里的内容重新表现出来的语言实践（1）。
从OfStudies的汉译本再议王佐良的翻译
第19卷第2期2017年3月安徽理工大学学报(社会科学版）Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology( Social Science)Vol.19 No.2Mar.2017从Of S tu d ie s的汉译本再议王佐良的翻译孙艳(淮南师范学院外国语学院，安徽淮南232038)摘要:Of Studies做为《培根随笔》中最有影响力的一篇随笔，其译作有十几种，而最为学界津津乐道、传颂久远的当属王佐良版的《谈读书》。
王佐良在Of Studies中译文中归化与异化的翻译策略、直译与意译的翻译方法和转换译、增补译与删减译的翻译技巧的有机结合使得其译文长盛不衰。
对于其译文的再次探讨，有助于译界提高散文翻译的水准。
关键词：Of Studles;翻译策略;翻译方法;翻译技巧中图分类号：H159 文献标识码:A文章编号= 1672-1101 (2017) 024052-04On Wang Zuoliang, s Translation of Bacon5 s Of StudiesSUN Yan(School of Foreign Languages, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui232038, China) Abstract ：There are over ten Chinese versions of the most effective essay Of Studies in Essays written by Francis Bacon.Why can the version of Wang Zuoliang be the most popular one? The flexible application of translation strategies like “domestication”and “fbreignization”，translation methods like“literal translation”and“liberal translation”，and translation techniques like “addition”，“omission”and “shift”makes the Chinese version of Wang Zuoliang achieve lasting fame.The analysis of Wang Zuoliang^s translation strategies,translation methods and translation techniques applied to the Chinese version of Of Studies can help translators improve translation skills in essays.Key words ：Of Studies；translation strategies；translation methods；translation techniquesThe Essays,英国十七世纪著名的思想家、哲 学家和散文家弗兰西斯•培根的第一部重要著作，属于古典文论的范畴，也可以说是说理性散文的范 畴。
王佐良译培根《论读书》
王佐良译培根《论读书》关于翻译，严复先生提出了“信达雅”的三个简单而又难以实现的标准。
已故北京外国语大学王佐良教授对培根（Francis Bacon）的名篇Of Study的翻译，实现了与原文在“形”和“神”上的传递。
培根（1561-1626）所处时代与中国当时的明朝（1368-1644）对应，英语应该是“文言”的英语，王佐良先生的翻译，采用半文言的形式，可谓对“信达雅”标准的最佳逼近！特转载于此！Of studyby Francis BaconSTUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can exe-cute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is,some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.论读书王佐良读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
英汉互译 对比赏析 Of Study
小结： • 词类转移法 Conversion 1：“for"在这里的意思是“可以带来”而王译为足以虽然句式与原文 排比相一致，但是表达的意思有所误差。足以是足够可以的意思。 在翻译时，由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异，在 2：廖译较好，但是把ornament翻译为文雅又有所不足。 保证原文意思不变的情况下，译文必须改变词类，这就叫做 词类转换法。
二：（1）作家简介
弗朗西斯·培根是英 国唯物主义哲学家、思 想家和科学家，英国文 艺复兴时期最重要的散 作家。被马克思称为 “英国唯物主义和整个 现代实验科学的真正始 祖”。生于贵族家庭。 后于1618也成为了大法 官，晚年脱离政治活动， 专门从事科学和哲学研 究。代表作是《论说文 集》
二：（2）译者简介
Read not to contradict and confuse;nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.
v. 1.反驳，辩驳2.相矛盾. 一、王译： 廖译与孙译都是直接对单 相反 读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应 词talkand discourse的解释。 但这里没有与谁想辩驳， 推敲细思。 而王佐良先生在翻译这篇 争论，有的只是对作者的 二、廖译 散文时，采用的是“浅近 某些观点不满意，不理解， 读书不是为着要辩驳，也不是要盲目信从，更不是去寻找谈话的资料，而是 的文言文”， 从作者的历 不赞同。 要去权衡和思考。 史背景契合的角度上来讲， 三、孙译 选用文言文与原作的艺术 读书不为争论长短，不为轻信盲从，也不为高谈阔论，而旨在衡情度理。 风格最为接近。
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Of Studies 王佐良先生译文（英汉对照）STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; (a retiring room 休息室) 其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；for ornament, is in discourse;其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition部署of business.其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one;练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned.然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
To spend too much time in studies is sloth;读书费时过多易惰，to use them too much for ornament, is affectation;文采藻饰太盛则矫，to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor怪僻的行为of a scholar.全凭条文断事乃学究故态。
They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience:读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study;盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they bebounded in by experience.而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them;有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above th em, won by observation.然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
Read not to contradict and confute驳斥; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewedand digested;书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiou sly （carefully）; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。
Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; bu t that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book s, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。
Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory;因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，if he confer little, he had need have a present wit;不常讨论者须天生聪颖，and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he d oth not.不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。
Nay, there is no stand or impediment结巴, 妨碍in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises.人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。
Bowling is good for the stone and reins肾; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentl e walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like.滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstratio ns, if his wit be called away never so极其, 非常little, he must begin again.如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are Cymini sectors.如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；If he be not apt to beat over追究matters, and to call up one thing to prove and il lustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases.如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。
So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。
Of Studies何新先生译文（英汉对照）STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.读书可以作为消遣，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。
Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring;孤独寂寞时，阅读可以消遣。
for ornament, is in discourse;高谈阔论时，知识可供装饰。
and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business.处世行事时，知识意味着才干。
For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one;有实际经验的人虽能够处理个别性的事务，but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned.但若要综观整体，运筹全局，却唯有学识方能办到。
To spend too much time in studies is sloth;读书太慢的人驰惰，to use them too much for ornament, is affectation;为装潢而读书是欺人，to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar.完全按照书本做事就是呆子。
They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience:求知可以改进人性，而经验又可以改进知识本身。
for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study;人的天性犹如野生的花草，求知学习好比修剪移栽。