生理学本科英文单词

一、绪论细胞英文单词要求：

生理学physiology

内环境internal environment

稳态homeostasis

负反馈negative feedback

正反馈positive feedback

单纯扩散simple diffusion

经通道易化扩散facilitated diffusion via ion channel 经载体易化扩散facilitated diffusion via carrier

原发性主动转运primary active transport

继发性主动转运secondary active transport

出胞exocytosis

入胞endocytosis

静息电位resting postential

超极化hyperpolarization

极化polarization

去极化depolarization

超射overshoot

复极化repolarization

锋电位spike potential

阈值threshold

跳跃式传导salutatory conduction

阈电位threshold potential

局部电位local potential

空间总和spatial summation

时间总和temporal summation

兴奋excitation

兴奋性excitability

兴奋－收缩耦联excitation－contraction coupling

绝对不应期absolute refractory period

相对不应期relative refractory period

超常期supranormal period

低常期subnormal period

终板电位end－plate potential

钙触发钙释放calcium induced Ca2+ release，CICR 收缩效能performance of contraction

等长收缩isometric contraction

等张收缩isotonic contraction

前负荷preload

初长度initial length

最适初长度optimal initial length

后负荷afterload

肌肉收缩能力contractility

强直收缩tetanus

二、血液循环英文词汇要求：

cardiac cycle 心动周期

period of isovolumic contraction 等容收缩期

end-diastolic volume 舒张末期容积ejection fraction 射血分数

cardiac output 心输出量

cardiac index 心指数

stroke work 每搏功heterometric regulation 异长调节ventricular compliance 心室顺应性homometric regulation 等长调节

cardiac reserve 心力储备autorhythmicity 自动节律性inward rectifier K+ channel 内向整流钾通道transient outward current 一过性外向电流plateau 平台期

delayed rectifier K+ current 延迟整流钾流myocardial contractility 心肌收缩能力maximal repolarization potential 最大复极电位pacemaker current 起搏电流

latent pacemaker 潜在起搏点conductivity 传导性preferential pathway 优势传导通路atrioventricular delay 房-室延搁electrocardiogram 心电图

mean circulatory filling pressure 循环系统平均充盈压peripheral resistance 外周阻力systolic pressure 收缩压

diastolic pressure 舒张压

central venous pressure 中心静脉压transmural pressure 跨壁压microcirculation 微循环effective filtration pressure 有效滤过压positive chronotropic action 正性变时作用negative dromotropic action 负性变传导作用positive inotropic action 正性变力作用cardiac vagal tone 心迷走紧张sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone 交感缩血管紧张cardiovascular center 心血管中枢baroreceptor reflex 压力感受性反射

buffer nerve 缓冲神经chemoreceptor 化学感受器

renin-angiotensin system 肾素-血管紧张素系统epinephrine, adrenaline 肾上腺素

interstitial fluid 组织液

coronary circulation 冠脉循环compensatory pause 代偿间歇

premature systole (extrasystole) 期前收缩

arterial pulse 动脉脉搏

overdrive suppression 超速驱动压抑hemodynamics 血流动力学arteriovenous shunt 短路血管（动-静脉短路）bradykinin 缓激肽

三、呼吸英文词汇要求：

respiration 呼吸

pulmonary ventilation 肺通气

inspiration 吸气

expiration 呼气

eupnea 平静呼吸

dyspnea 呼吸困难

abdominal breathing 腹式呼吸

thoracic breathing 胸式呼吸pneumothorax 气胸

specific compliance 比顺应性

intrapleural pressure 胸膜腔内压

elastic resistance 弹性阻力

surfactant 表面活性物质

alveolar ventilation 肺泡通气量intrapulmonary pressure 肺内压

tidal volume 潮气量

vital capacity 肺活量

minute ventilation volume 每分通气量

forced vital capacity 用力肺活量physiological dead space 生理无效腔

ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气/血流比值

oxygen capacity 氧容量

oxygen content 氧含量

oxygen dissociation curve 氧离曲线carbaminohemoglobin 氨基甲酸血红蛋白

Bohr effect 波尔效应

oxygen saturation 氧饱和度

carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶

respiratory center 呼吸中枢