人大考博英语汉译英专项练习(1-10,含详解)
考博英语翻译练习题及答案
考博英语翻译练习题及答案考博英语翻译练习题及答案在学习、工作中，我们总免不了要接触或使用练习题，通过这些形形色色的习题，使得我们得以有机会认识事物的方方面面，认识概括化图式多样化的具体变式，从而使我们对原理和规律的认识更加的深入。
什么样的习题才是好习题呢？以下是小编精心整理的考博英语翻译练习题及答案，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
考博英语翻译练习题及答案1考博英语翻译练习：三峡考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多均有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整顿了某些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。
三峡，是万里长江一段风景壮丽的大峡谷，为中国十大风景名胜之一。
它西起四川省奉节县的白帝城，向东延伸至湖北省宜昌市的`南津关，由瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡构成，全长192公里。
长江三峡，无限风光。
瞿塘峡的雄伟，巫峡的秀丽，西陵峡的险峻，尚有三段峡谷的大宁河、香溪、神农溪的古朴，并伴伴随许多漂亮的神话和感人的传说，令人心驰神往。
译文参照：The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges is a great valley with the mostsplendid landscape on the Yangtze (Changjiang) River and also one of the ten most famous scenic sites of China.It extends from White King Town in Fengjie County,Sichuan Province,to Nanjin Pass in Yichang,Hubei Province, and consists of Qutang Gorge,Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge,with a full length of 192 kilometers.The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges presents a scene of boundless varieties with the magnificence of Qutang Gorge,the elegance of Wu Gorge,the perilousness of Xiling Gorgeas well as the primitive simplicity of Daning,Xiang and Shennong Rivers.And what’s more,each scene is related to a wonderful fairy tale or a moving legend which attract people.点拨：三峡 the Yangtze Rive r’s Three Gorges壮丽 splendid延伸 extend白帝城 White King Town由…构成 consist of瞿塘峡 Qutang Gorge巫峡 Wu Gorge西陵峡 Xiling Gorge险峻 perilousness 古朴 primitive simplicity神话 fairy tale感人的 moving考博英语翻译练习题及答案2考博英语翻译练习：思乡情考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多均有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整顿了某些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。
考博英语(语法)练习试卷10(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（语法）练习试卷10(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. GrammarGrammar1．Britain hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during preliminary session.A．a severe set-backB．sharp set-backC．a severe blown-upD．sharp blown-up正确答案：A解析：severe严峻的，严厉的，剧烈的；set—back阻碍，使挫折；sharp明显的，急剧的；blown—up放大的，膨胀的。
根据句意，应选择A。
知识模块：语法2．The concept of internet, ______ has intrigued scientists since the mid-20th century.A．the transmission of images, sounds and messages over distancesB．transmitting of images, sounds and messages along distancesC．to transmit images, sounds and messages on distanceD．the transmissibility of images, sounds and messages for distances正确答案：A解析：依据题干意思，the concept of internet与空缺处属于同位语，空缺处的意思是远距离传送图像、声音和信息，所以选A，over distance意思是“远距离地”。
知识模块：语法3．What______about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed all attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that tragedy.A．worked me outB．knocked me outC．brought me upD．put me forward正确答案：B解析：各选项的意思是：work out设计出，计算出，解决；knock sb．out 俚语，表示令人钦佩的；bring sb．up把某人抚养大；put forward提出。
中国人民大学考博英语真题
中国人民大学博士研究生入学考试试题Ⅰ LISTENING TEST (20 points)(略）客观题部分请用铅笔将此部分的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！Ⅱ Vocabulary (10 points)Part A (5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.Example:She prefers foreign wine to that produced ________.A. previouslyB. virtuallyC. primarilyD. domesticallyT he sentence should read, “She prefers foreign wine to that produced domestically.”Therefore, you should choose D.Sample Answer［A］［B］［C］［D］1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages ________patriotism.A. obsoleteB. aggressiveC. harmoniousD. amiable2. One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and ________ to expressed thoughts.A. dilemmasB. countenancesC. concessionsD. junctions3. People innately ________ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A. striveB. ascertainC. justifyD. adhere4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife ________ for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A. conservationB. maintenanceC. storageD. reserve5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence ________ a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated6. Melissa is a computer ________ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.A. geniusB. virusC. diseaseD. bacteria7. The ________ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form of competition in schools.A. negligentB. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate8. The boy seemed more ________ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.A. reconciledB. consolidatedC. deterioratedD. attributed9. During his two-month stay in China, Tom never ________ a chance to practice his Chinese.A. passed onB. passed upC. passed byD. passed out10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ________ can be distributed.A. paradoxesB. legaciesC. platitudesD. analogiesPart B (5 points )Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.Example:The secretary is very competent; she can finish all these letters within one hour.A. carefulB. industriousC. cleverD. capableIn this sentence, “competent” is closest in meaning to “capable”. Therefore you should choose D.Sample Answer［A］［B］［C］［D］11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A. depictB. advocateC. criticizeD. analyze12. They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A. confirmB. achieveC. matchD. exaggerate13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes. A. imminentB. recyclableC. smellyD. poisonous14. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N. sanction.A. alliesB. delegatesC. votersD. juries15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our children's college and our own retirement security is chilling.A. frighteningB. promisingC. freezingD. revealing16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A. secret planB. bold attackC. clever designD. joint effort17. Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.A. trustworthyB. intelligentC. diligentD. meticulous18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being raped orwanton violence against civilians in the region.A. intriguingB. exasperatingC. demonstrativeD. unprovoked19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest.A. illegalB. night-timeC. brutalD. abusive20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avidfondness for the limelight.A. mercurialB. gallantC. ardentD. frugalⅢCloze (10 points )Directions: Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, __21__ into a hobby and lately has __22__ into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates __23__ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep __24__ of their personal interest on the Internet. Before long they __25__ that their homebrewed lists were becoming too long and __26__. Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo.During 1994, they __27__ yahoo into a customized database designed to __28__ the needs of the thousands of users __29__ began to use the service through the closely __30__ Internet community. They developed customized software to help them __31__ locate, identify and edit material __32__ on the Internet. The name Yahoo is __33__ to stand for “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Ora le”, but Filo and Yang insist they selected the __34__ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first __35__ on Yang's workstation, “akebono”, while the search engine was __36__ on Filo's computer, “Konishiki”.In early 1995 Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files __37__ to larger computers __38__ at Netscape. As a result Stanford's computer network returned to __39__, and both parties benefited. Today, Yahoo __40__ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.21. A. became B. grew C. turn D. intend22. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned23. A. in B. on C. about D. for24. A. touch B. contact C. track D. record25. A. founded B. found C. argued D. reported26. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D. invaluable27. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted28. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate29. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly30. A. relative B. interactive C. bound D. contacted31. A. fluently B. efficiently C. exactly D. actually32. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. stored33. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed34. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand35. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched36. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked37. A. over B. away C. inside D. beneath38. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. hidden39. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal40. A. attains B. detains C. maintains D. containsⅣReading Comprehension (20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET I.Passage 1Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break habits.One application of the threshold method involves the time young children spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To apply Guthrie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gradually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' etters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger bordens, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell him to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask thestudents to find interesting books and read them while in the center. Assuming that the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, and debates, in an attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course.41. The purpose of this passage is to ________.A. informB. persuadeC. debateD. narrate42. Guthrie identified three methods for ________.A. educating studentsB. altering bad habitsC. avoiding undesired actionD. forming good hobbies43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food that the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over time, watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snacking. What method is used in this example?A. The threshold method.B. The fatigue method.C. The incompatible response method.D. The punishment method.45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that ________.A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhaustedB. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a response incompatible with the undesired response so they cannot be performed simultaneouslyC. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformed into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes a cue for not performing itD. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child make response incompatible with unwanted responsePassage 2The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped intoforeign markets with embarrassing results.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. “Nova” is Latin for “new(star)” and means “star” in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like “nova”, meaning “it doesn't go”. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales “picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food company's friendly “Jolly Green Giant” (for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German, Pepsi's popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”. No wond er customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good translations—other aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called “back translation” to re duce the possibility of blunders.The process used one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46. The best title of this passage might be ______.A. Culture Is Very Important in AdvertisingB. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between NationsC. Overcome Cultural Sock in Different CountriesD. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles47. What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage?A. hesitationB. mistakeC. stutterD. default48. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?A. Cultural shocksB. Faulty translationsC. Avoid cultural oversightsD. Prevent blunders49. We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “camellia” most probably mean ______.A. an animal used in perfume for its smellB. a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funeralsC. a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funeralsD. an ornament used in perfume and at funerals50. One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to ______. A. fire the translators who don't know the target languageB. use the technique called “literal translation” to reduce the possibility of blundersC. avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokesD. explain in details when designing advertisement for other countriesPassage 3It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxed in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top-and on the way up—executives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These day, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctor's admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search firms,” is a growing industr y. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.51. We can infer from the second paragraph that ______.A. promotion depends on amiabilityB. chief executives do not work hard enough at the to levelC. it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinatesD. a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry52. The term “aerobic exercise” (first line in second last paragraph) is a kind of ______.A. hallucination exerciseB. physical exerciseC. meditation exerciseD. entertainment53. From the last paragraph we can gather that ______.A. there are too many aggressive executivesB. individual talent is not essential for a companyC. the job of an “executive search firm” is corporate head-huntingD. it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial ranks54. For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a place where ______.A. they can conduct their businessB. they can indulge themselvesC. they can cultivate their mindD. they can exercise as well as socialize55. What is NOT true according to the article?A. Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.B. Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C. All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D. Executives are careful of what they eat.Passage 4In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together with some of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society which he had founded in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech. Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional government imposed by the United States that had, in his word s, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the traditional samurai ritual of seppuku. After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword. The aide likewise killed himself and was beheaded; the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive regime of General Tojo that was to stage the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. That earlier revolt is the one referred to in “Patriotism,” one of Mishima's most powerful stories. Here life and fiction become joined. The act of sepp uku was for Mishima a fulfillment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Born of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero's death in accordance with the ancient samurai code; but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building (he became expert at karate and kendo) and, most important, through the discipline of writing. In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays,many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage. His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask (1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japan's Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.56. The article implies that ______.A. Mishima refused to join the army when he was youngB. Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writerC. Mishima is a person who is hard to defineD. Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer57. The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was ______.A. to capture the commanding generalB. to urge the government to declare a war against AmericaC. to incite the soldiers to rebel against the constitutional governmentD. to force the Emperor to give up the throne58. In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima ______.A. was well received by the soldiersB. was laughed at by the soldiersC. impressed the commanding generalD. left a deep impression to the soldiers59. What is true according to articleA. The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.B. The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attempt.C. Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.D. One of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.60. Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ______.A. written “Patriotism,” one of hi s most powerful storiesB. written eighty short storiesC. published “A Forest in Flower”D. published “Confession of a Mask”主观题部分请用钢笔或圆珠将此部分的答案做在答题纸二上，否则无效！ⅤTranslation (20 points)Part A. (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply actioncould not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the surplus actually occurs. When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helping to conserve the present supply. As the price goes up, less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price encourages users to economize. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.Part B. (10 points)Directions: Translate the following into English on your ANSWER SHEET.中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。
人大考博英语历年真题
中国人民大学2001Ⅱ Vocabulary (10 points)Part A (5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET.1.And the topic “fat” is forbidden. Even the slightest paunch betrays thatone is losing the trim and of youth.A. vagueB. vigorC. vogueD. vulgar2.All specialists agree that the most important consideration with diet drugsis carefully the risks and benefits.A. valuingB. evaluatingC. estimatingD. weighing3.Chinese often shake my hand and don’t let go. They talk away contentedly, of my discomfort and struggle to disengage my hand.A. obliviousB. patentC. obviousD. pernicious4.The word “foolish” is too mild to describe your behavior, I would preferthe word .A. ideologicalB. idyllicC. idioticD. idiomatic5.Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car hasGermany’s Touring Car Championship.A. conqueredB. contestedC. dominatedD. determined6.What we consider a luxury at one time frequently becomes a , many familiesfind that ownership of two cars is indispensable.A. fashionB. necessityC. proclivityD. nuisance7.The chief editor thought he took some liberties with the original in translation. So it was necessary that he make the suggested.A. alterationsB. alternativesC. alternationsD. altercations8.Many well-educated people don’t believe that will endanger freedomof speech.A. censershipB. censureshipC. sensorshipD. censorship9.The of “snake” is simply this: a legless reptile with a long, thin body.A. connotationB. denominationC. donationD. denotation10.When the opposing player fouled John, John let his anger his good senseand hit the boy back.A. got the feel ofB. got the hang ofC. got the better ofD. got the worst ofPart B (5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEETⅠ.11.Although this book claims to be a biography of George Washington, many ofthe incidents are imaginary.A. fascinatingB. factitiousC. fastidiousD. fictitious12.The trade fair is designed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese auto industries and overseas auto industries.A. promoteB. protectC. preserveD. prolong13.He was concerned only with mundane matters, especially the daily stock market quotations.A. rationalB. obscureC. worldlyD. eminent14.The earthquake that occurred in India this year was a major calamity in whicha great many lives were lost.A. casualtyB. catastropheC. catalogueD. crusade15.The doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate as rapidly as they had expected.A. withdrawB. emergeC. recoverD. uncover16.The purchaser of this lorry is protected by the manufacturer’s warranty that he will re place any defective part for five years or 50,000 miles.A. prohibitionB. insuranceC. prophecyD. guarantee17.The boy could not reconcile himself to the failure, he did not believe that was his lot.A. submitB. commitC. transmitD. permit18.In some cities of North China, the noise pollution is as pronounced as that in Tokyo.A. contemptuousB. contagiousC. conspicuousD. contemplated19.Trivial breaches of regulations we can pass over, but more serious ones will have to be investigated.A. exceedB. witherC. overpassD. neglect20.We were discussing the housing problem when a middle-aged man cut in and said,“There’s no point in talking about impossibilities.”A. intersectB. interjectC. penetrateD. adulterateⅢ Cloze (10 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.Motorways are, no doubt the safest roads in Britain. Mile 21 mile, vehicle for vehicle, you are much 22 likely to be killed or seriously injured than on an ordinary road. On 23 hand, if you do have a serious accident on a motorway, fatalities are much more likely to 24 than in a comparable accident 25 on the roads.Motorways have no 26 bends, no roundabouts or traffic lights and 27 speeds are much greater than on other roads. Though the 70 mph limit is 28 in force, it is often treated with the contempt that most drivers have for the 30 mpb limit applying in built up areas in Britain. Added to this is the fact that motorway drivers seem to like traveling in groups with perhaps 29 ten metres between each vehicle. The resulting horrific pile-ups 30 vehicle stops for some reason, such asmechanical failure, driver error and so on, have become all 31 familiar through pictures in newspapers or on television. How 32 of these drivers realize that it takes a car about one hundred metres to brake to a stop 33 70 mph? Drivers also seem to think that motorway driving gives them complete protection from the changing weather. 34 wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, on they 35 at ridiculous speeds oblivious of police warnings or speed restrictions 36 their journey comes to a conclusion. Perhaps one remedy 37 this motorway madness would be better driver education. At present, learner drivers are bared 38 motorways and are thus as far as this kind of driving is 39 thrown in at the deep end. However, much more efficient policing is required, 40 it is the duty of the police not only to enforce the law but also to protect the general public from its own foolishness.B. afterC. toD. byB. farC. lessD. lesserB. otherC. oneD. the otherup B. occur C. be found D. ariseB. elsewhereC. anywhereD. somewhereB. steepC. verticalD. sharpB. thenC. soD. thereuponB. evenC. stillD. subsequentlyB. simplyC. barelyD. purelyB. sinceC. whenD. forB. alsoC. undulyD. unreasonablyB. muchC. deeplyD. profoundlyB. fromC. atD. forB. HoweverC. WhoeverD. HowB. rakeC. tillD. ploughB. beforeC. thusD. untilB. forC. ofD. onB. againstC. awayD. offB. consideredC. concernedD. touchedB. thenC. themD. forⅣ Reading Comprehension(20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B,C and D for each question or unfinished statement and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.Passage 1The next time the men were taken up onto the deck, Kunta made a point of looking at the man behind him in line, the one who lay beside him to the left when they were below. He was a Serere tribesman much older than Kunta, and his body, front and back, was creased with whip cuts, some of them so deep and festering that Kunta felt badly for having wished sometimes that he might strike the man in the darkness for moaning so steadily in his pain. Staring back at Kunta, the Serere’s dark eyes were full of fury and defiance. A whip lashed out even as they stood looking at each other—this time at Kunta, spurring him to move ahead. Trying to roll away, Kunta was kicked heavily in his ribs. But somehow he and the gasping Wolof managed to stagger back up among the other men from their shelf who were shambling toward their dousing with buckets of seawater.A moment later, the stinging saltiness of it was burning in Kunta’s wounds, and his screams joined those of others over the sound of the drum and the wheezing thing that had again begun marking time for the chained men to jump and dance for the toubob. Kunta and the Wolof were so weak from their new beating that twice they stumbled, but whip blows and kicks sent them hopping clumsily up and down in their chains. So great was his fury that Kunta was barely aware of the women singing “Toubob fa!” And when he had finally been chained back down in his place in the dark hold, his heart throbbed with a lust to murder toubob.Every few days the eight naked toubob would again come into the stinking darkness and scrape their tubs full of the excrement that had accumulated on the shelves where the chained men lay. Kunta would lie still with his eyes staring bale fully in hatred, following the bobbing orange lights, listening to the toubod cursing and sometimes slipping and tailing into the slickness underfoot—so plentiful now, because of the increasing looseness of the men’s bowels, that the filth had begun to drop off the edges of the shelves down into the aisleway.The last time they were on deck, Kunta had noticed a man limping on a badly infected leg. This time the man was kept up on deck when the rest were taken back below. A few days later, the women told the other prisoners in their singing that the man’s leg had been cut off and that one of the women had been brought to tend him, but that the man had died that night and been thrown over the side. Starting then, when the toubob came to clean the shelves, they also dropped red-hot pieces of metal into pails of strong vinegar. The clouds of acrid steam left the hold smelling better, but soon it would again be overwhelmed by the choking stink. It was a smell that Kunta felt would never leave his lungs and skin.The steady murmuring that went on in the hold whenever the toubob were gone kept growing in volume and intensity as the men began to communicate better and better with one another. Words not understood were whispered from mouth to ear along the shelves until someone who knew more than one tongue would send back their meanings. In the process, all of the men along each shelf learned new words in tongues they had not spoken before. Sometimes men jerked upward, bumping their heads, in the double excitement of communicating with each other and the fact that it was being done without the toubob’s knowledge. Muttering among themselves for hours, the men developed a deepening sense of intrigue and of brotherhood. Though they were of different villages and tribes, the feeling grew that they were not from different peoples or places.41.The living conditions for the Blacks in the hold of the slave ship were .A. adequate but primitiveB. inhumane and inadequateC. humane but crowdedD. similar to the crew’s quarters42.The prisoners had difficulty communicating with each other because .A. they were too sick to talkB. they distrusted one anotherC. no one felt like talkingD. they spoke different languages43.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to balefully as used in “Kunta would lie still with his eyes staring balefully in hatred”?A. IndulgentlyB. VacantlyC. ForlornlyD. Menacingly44.By constantly referring to such things as filth and choking stink, the author seeks to create a tone that arouses a feeling of .A. disgust with the dirtB. horror at the injusticeC. revolting at the foul odorD. relief that this happened long ago45.Despite their intense pain and suffering, the Black men found a small measure of comfort in .A. their exercise periods on deckB. the breathtaking ocean sceneryC. their conversations with the Black womenD. their conversations with one anotherPassage 2Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy’s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will o verestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least for a while, be bookkeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have disappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had workedwith the same product or service in their last jobs.Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm’s health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age. You must tenderly monitor its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small-business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitability. They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.Frequent checks of your firm’s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot ideA.46.According to the passage, a country’s economy is probably decided by .A. the prosperity and decline of the transnational corporationsB. the rise and fall of the markets and products as well as capitalC. the fate of the small businesses such as small plants and restaurantsD. the economic increase and decrease of the large companies47.In order to succeed in a business, the entrepreneur should .A. get very well prepared for his new businessB. choose a business he’s already familiar withC. examine the company’s crucial signs now and thenD. invest as much as possible into his enterprise48.Which of the following statements about small business is not true? .A. It helps effectively to fight unemployment.B. The earlier it starts, the sooner it collapses.C. There’s a good omen for small business according to a survey.D. Some small business owners are blind to early premonition of failure.49.What does the last sentence in the 3rd paragraph mean according to the passage?A. The patient is seriously ill because of lack of water in the well.B. The patient can be saved if he has enough money to solve the financial problem.C. It’s too late for small business owners to realize the gravity of the problem because they have used up their money.D. It’s urgent for small business owners to pour all their money into the enterprise to revitalize their business.50.What’s the main idea of this passage?A. How to become a winner in small business?B. How to be a successful boss in multinational corporation?C. How to deal with the ups and downs in small business?D. How to conquer new markets and gain the largest profit?Passage 3The blue, mystic Lake Elsinore lies in an inland California valley which is teeming and steaming with hot springs. Rimmed by shaggy mountains whose forestedcrests are reflected in its clear waters, Lake Elsinore is the very personification of peace—but on it rests the curse of Tondo.The lake has had a colorful history. Much of it lies buried in legend, and it is difficult to separate fact from fiction. There have been stories of underground volcanoes on the lake bottom, erupting, killing fish and discoloring the water. There have been stories of a playful sea serpent that lived in its depths.Long noted for its scenic beauty and health-giving waters, the lake was a famous resort in the Nineties. But long before the first white man had set foot along the shore of the lake, this part of California had been the home of the Soboba Indians. Their chief was Tondo, a stern and unforgiving man.He had a daughter, Morning Star, who was in love with Palo, son of the chief of the Palas, a neighboring tribe. The Sobobas and Palas were sworn enemies. For a time the lovers met secretly. Then one day they were discovered by Tondo. His rage was terrible to behold. He forbade the lovers ever to meet again.Morning Star tried in every way to appease her father’s anger, to soften his heart toward Palo. But in time she saw that it was useless; that he would never give his consent to their marriage. Vowing that they would never be separated, the Indian maid and her lover walked hand in hand into the lake, as the dreary November sun cast long shadows on the land. They were followed by a group of orphan children whom Morning Star had befriended. All walked into the lake, singing the mournful death song of their people, while Tondo stood on the shore and cursed the lovers, cursed the blue water into which they all walked to their death.Ever since that day it would seem that a jinx has been laid over Lake Elsinore. Oldtimers tell of a great upheaval in the lake which caused water to spout into the air like a geyser and turn blood-red. Later, it became known that three hundred springs of boiling mud and water were born in the valley during that upheaval. The springs reeked with sulphur.For many years after this phenomenon the lake remained peaceful. Then boats were overturned for no apparent reason, and few of their occupants ever returned to tell the story. This continued for several years. At the same time, strong swimmers dived into the lake never to reappear.In 1833 and again in 1846, fish in the lake suddenly died.In the spring of 1850 came the Battle of the Gnats. They bred in the water of the lake and swarmed over the land. They invaded the countryside until the harassed inhabitants called for help.And in July 1951, the sky-blue waters of the lake vanished like mist before a noonday sun. When the bottom was laid bare there was no trace of a volcano, the bottomless pits, or the other disturbances of legend or fact.The copious winter rains of 1951—52 have replenished the lake. But what menace does its haunting beauty hold today? For tomorrow?The once mighty Sobobas are few now. But the old men swear that their ancestors still haunt the lake. They nod grizzled head and murmur that the Great Tondo’s curse will forever remain upon the lake. Only time, the wise and silent one, can tell.51.Which of the following statements is true of Lake Elsinore?A. It is considered by legend to be rich in golb.B. It was once famous as a beautiful resort.C. It is located in a volcanic crater in California.D. It used to be the center of a mining village.52.Probably Tondo’s rage was due the fact that .A. Morning Star was too young to marryB. Tondo’s tribe and Palas’s tribe were enemiesC. Palo mistreated his Soboba girl friendD. Palas vowed meet Morning Star in secret53.According to the old-timers, on two occasions .A. the water of the lake turned redB. lake water sprouted into the airC. the Gnats invaded the countrysideD. fish in the lake suddenly died54.The word “jinx” (Line 1, Paragraph 6) probably means .A. spell of bad luckB. hot air currentC. strange tranquilityD. storm of unusual duration55.Which can be considered the best title for the passage?A. The Curse of Tondo.B. The Beautify Lake Elsinore.C. The Mysterious Indian Tribes.D. The Tragic Love of Morning Star.Passage 4The crucial years of the Depression, as they are brought into historical focus, in creasingly emerge as the decisive decade for American art, if not for American culture in general. For it was during this decade that many of the conflicts which had blocked the progress of American art in the past came to a head and sometimes boiled over. Janusfaced, the thirties look backward, sometimes as far as the Renaissance; and at the same time forward, as far as the present and beyond. It was the moment when artists, like Thomas Hart Benton, who wished to turn back the clock to regain the virtues of simpler times came into direct conflict with others, like Stuart Davis and Frank Lloyd Wright, who were ready to come to terms with the Machine Age and to deal with its consequences.America in the thirties was changing rapidly. In many areas the past was giving way to the present, although not without a struggle. A predominantly rural and small town society was being replaced by the giant complexes of the big cities; power was becoming increasingly centralized in the federal government and in large corporations. As a result, traditional American types such as the independent farmer and the small businessman were being replaced by the executive and the bureaucrat. Many Americans, deeply attached to the old way of life, felt disinhereited. At the same time, as immigration decreased and the population became more homogeneous, the need arose in art and literature to commemorate the ethnic and regional differences that were fast disappearing. Thus, paradoxically, the conviction that art, at least, should serve some purpose or carry some message of moral uplift grew stronger asthe Puritan ethos lost its contemporary reality. Often this elevating message was a sermon in favor of just those traditional American virtues which were now threatened with obsolescence in a changed social and political context.In this new context, the appeal of the paintings by the Regionalists and the American Scene painters often lay in their ability to recreate an atmosphere that glorified the traditional American values—self-reliance tempered with good-neighborliness, independence modified by a sense of community, hard work rewarded by a sense of order and purpose. Given the actual temper of the times, these themes were strangely anachronistic, just as the rhetoric supporting political isolationism was equally inappropriate in an international situation soon to involve America in a second world war. Such themes gained popularity because they filled a genuine need for a comfortable collective fantasy of a God-fearing, white-picket-fence America, which in retrospect took on the nostalgic appeal of a lost Golden Age.In this light, an autonomous art-for-art’s sake was viewed as a foreign invader liable to subvert the native American desire for a purposeful art. Abstract art was assigned the role of the villainous alien; realism was to personify the genuine American means of expression. The argument drew favor in many camps: among the artists, because most were realists; among the politically oriented intellectuals, because abstract art was apolitical; and among museum officials, because they were surfeited with mediocre imitations of European modernism and were convinced that American art must develop its own distinct identity. To help along this road to self-definition, the museums were prepared to set up an artificial double standard, one for American art, and another for European art. In 1934, Ralph Flint wrote in Art News, “We have today in our midst a greater array of what may be called second, third, and fourth-string artists than any other country. Our big annuals are marvelous outpourings of intelligence and skill; they have all the diversity and animation of a fine-ring circus.”56.According to the passage, in the 1930s, abstract art was seen as .A. uniquely AmericaB. uniquely EuropeanC. imitative of European modernismD. counter to American regionalism57.The second paragraph deals mainly with in America.A. the rapid growth of urban populationB. the impact of industrialization on rural lifeC. the disappearance of traditional valuesD. the changing scenes in religion and politics58.According to the passage, the best word to describe America in the 1930s would be .A. reactionaryB. consistentC. dynamicD. melancholic59. “The artificial standard” (Paragraph 4) refers to the difference between standards of judgement for .A. realism and abstract artB. politically oriented intellectuals and museum officialsC. European art and American artD. landscape painting and abstract painting60.The best choice for title of the passage would be .A. The Thirties in Art. Reaction and RebellionB. America in the Thirties: A Changing TimeC. Thomas Hart Benton and RegionalismⅤ Translation (20 points)Part A (10 points)Directions: Translate the following English into Chinese onto your ANSWER SHEET.This organization is also a manufacturing firm. Here, however, management encourages and rewards risk taking and change. Decisions based on intuition are valued as much as those that are well rationalized. Management prides itself on its history of experimenting with new technologies and its success in regularly introducing innovative products. Managers or employees who have a good idea are encouraged to “run with it”, and failures are treated as “learning experiences”. The company prides itself on being market driven and rapidly responsive to the changing needs of its customers.There are few rules and regulations for employees to follow, and supervision is loose because management believes that its employees are hardworking and trustworthy. Management is concerned with high productivity but believes that this comes through treating its people right. The company is proud of its reputation as being a good place to work.Part B (10 points)Directions: Translate the following Chinese into English onto your ANSWER SHEET.我在这风光奇异的地方所呆的时间不长，但我的心灵得到了升华。
中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)
中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to_____that it was a car.A．ensureB．examineC．verifyD．testify正确答案：C解析：各项的意思是：ensure“保证、担保”；examine“检查”；verify“(侧重于经过核查)证明、证实”；testify“作证、证明”。
根据句意判断，答案为C。
2．The encouraging factor is that the____majority of people find the idea of change acceptable.A．numerousB．vastC．mostD．massive正确答案：B解析：各项的意思是：numerous“许多的，很多的”；vast“广阔的；大量的；巨大的”；most“最多的，大多数的”：massive“大量的；厚重的；巨大的”，只有vast可以与majority搭配。
根据句意判断，答案为B。
3．The increase in student numbers____many problems for the universities.A．forcesB．pressesC．providesD．poses正确答案：D解析：各项的意思是：force“迫使，强迫；推动”；press“按，压；逼迫”；provide“提供；规定；准备”；pose“提出，陈述；造成，形成”，可与problem，argument和question等搭配，pose…problem表示“提出(或造成)问题”。
考博英语历年汉译英
1997年Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society’s power of choice. We can ch oose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.观看歌剧是件昂贵的事。
人大考博英语真题及详解
中国人民大学 2007 年博士研究生入学考试试题(非英语专业)Part I. V ocabulary (20 %)Directions: Choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Tom doesn’t think that the situation here is as good as his hometown' s.A. economicsB. economicC. economyD. economical2. the increase in the number of computers in our offices, the amount of paper hat we need has risen as well.A. Along withB. AltogetherC. AlthoughD. All along3. The food was divided according to the age and size of the child.A. equallyB. individuallyC. sufficientlyD. proportionally4. Our new firm for a credible, aggressive individual with great skills to fill this position.A. have lookedB. are lookingC. is lookingD. look5. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, their cleanness, toughness and low cost.A. by virtue ofB. in addition toC. for the sake ofD. as opposed to6. He himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A. repealedB. resentedC. replayedD. reproached7. Many of the fads of the 1970s as today' s latest fashions.A. are being revivedB. is revisedC. are revokedD. is being reviled8. All of the international delegates attending the conference to bring a souvenir from their own countries.A. has askedB. is askingC. were askedD. was asking9. Britain hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during preliminary session.A. a severe set-backB. sharp set-backC. a severe blown-upD. sharp blown-up10. If you want to do well on the exam, you on the directions that the professor gives and take exact notes.A. will have concentratedB. have to concentrateC. will be concentratedD. will be concentrating11. What about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that tragedy.A. worked me outB. knocked me outC. brought me upD. put me forward12. Since his injury was serious, the doctor suggested that he in the game.A. did not playB. must not playC. not playD. not to play13. According to the latest report, consumer confidence a breathtaking 15 points last month, to itslowest level in ten years.A. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated14. Our car trunk with suitcases and we could hardly make room for anything.A. went crammingB. was crammedC. is crammingD. was been crammed15. The secretary didn't know who he was, or she him more politely.A. will be treatingB. would have treatedC. was treatingD. would have been treated16. The instructions on how to use the new machine that nobody seemed to be able to understand.A. were very simplisticB. was very confusedC. were so confusingD. was so simplistic17. John played basketball in college and active ever since.A. have extremely beenB. has been extremelyC. will be extremelyD. should extremely be18. The of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from all over the country.A. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter19. the gift in beautiful green paper, Sarah departed for the party.A. Having wrappedB. To wrapC. WrapD. Wrapping20. The advertisement for Super Suds detergent that the sale has increased by 25% in the first quarter of the year.A. have been so successfulB. had been so successfulC. has been so successfulD. will be so successful21. Tom and Alice having a new car to replace their old one for years.A. has been dreaming ofB. have been dreaming ofC. has dreamedD. will have dreamed22. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be .A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated23. the heavy pollution, the city officials have decided to cancel school for the day.A. PriorB. By means ofC. Due toD. Through24. Our boss is taking everyone to the ballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dressfor the occasion.A. has been cleanedB. should have been cleanedC. is being cleanedD. has been cleaning25. Peter's mother kept telling him that in the street is dangerous, but he would not listen.A. playedB. will playC. playingD. been playing26. A knowledge of history us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.A. equipsB. providesC. offersD. satisfies27. He wouldn’t even think of wearing clothes; they make him look so old!A. sameB. despiteC. suchD. that28. Mary finally decided all the junk she had kept in the garage.A. get ridB. gotten rid ofC. getting rid ofD. to get rid of29. The team leader Of mountain climbers marked out .A. that seemed to be the best routeB. what seemed to be the best routeC. which seemed to be the best routeD. something that to be the best route30. Tom Jones, who around the world, will come to Asia next month.A. will be touringB. have touredC. had been touringD. has been touring31. The paint on the clown's face that it scared the children he was trying to entertain.A. was so exaggerationB. were an exaggerationC. was such an exaggerationD. was exaggerating32. Men often wait longer to get help for medical problems than women, and , women live about six years longer than men on an average.A. instead ofB. constantlyC. consequentlyD. because33. The emphasis on exams is by far the worst form of competition in schools.A. negligentB. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate34. There is conflicting information on how much iron women need in their diet.A. so muchB. so manyC. too fewD. a few35. It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A. propheciesB. transactionsC. argumentsD. hindrances36. Not until the 1980s in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A. some concerned citizensB. some concerning citizensC. did some concerning citizensD. did some concerned citizens37. After failing his mid-term exams, Jeremy was face his parents.A. too ashamed toB. too embarrassing toC. very ashamed ofD. very embarrassing to38. My grandmother has been going to a better dentist, so this problems she is having with her dentures.A. won' t eliminateB. will be eliminationC. should have been eliminatedD. should help eliminate39. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad when she was iii and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment40. During her two-week stay in Beijing, Elizabeth never a chrome(chance) to practice her Chinese.A. passed byB. passed onC. passed outD. passed up Part II. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions:Rend the following passages and then choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1British food has a good reputation, but English cooking has a bad one. It is difficult to explain the reason for this. Unfortunately, however, superb raw ingredients are often mined from the kitchen so that they come to the table without any of the natural flavor and goodness.This bad reputation discourages a lot of people from eating in an English restaurant. If they do go to one, they are usually full of prejudice against the food. It is a pity, because there are excellent cooks in England, excellent restaurants, and excellent home-cooking. How, then, has the bad reputation been built up?Perhaps one reason is that Britain' s Industrial Revolution occurred very early, in the middle of thenineteenth century. As a result, the quality of food changed too. This was because Britain stopped being a largely agricultural country. The population of the towns increased enormously between 1840 and 1870, and people could no longer grow their own food, or buy it fresh from a farm. Huge quantities of food had to be taken to the towns, and a lot of it lost its freshness on the way.This lack of freshness was disguised by "dressing up" the food. The rich middle classes ate long elaborate meals which were cooked for them by French chefs. French became, and has remained, the official language of the dining room. Out-of-season delicacies were served in spite of their expense, for there were a large number of extremely wealthy people who wanted to establish themselves socially. The "look" of the food was more important than its taste.In the 1930s, the supply of servant began to decrease. People still tried to produce complicated dishes, however, but they economized on the preparation time. The Second World War made things even worse by making raw ingredients extremely scarce. As a result, there were many women who never had the opportunity to choose a piece of meat from a well-stocked butcher' s shop, but were content and grateful to accept anything that was offered to them.Food rationing continued in Britain until the early 1950s. It was only after this had stopped, and butter, eggs and cream became more plentiful, and it was possible to travel abroad again and taste other ways of preparing food, that the English difference to eating became replaced by a new enthusiasm for it.41. According to the author, it is difficult to explain .A. why excellent ingredients are spoiled in the process of cookingB. why people do not like English cookingC. why British food often has a natural flavorD. why people prefer home-cooking to ready made food42. The negative effect of Britain' s Industrial Revolution on English cooking is that .A. the population in the countryside decreased dramaticallyB. people no longer grew their own food on their own farmsC. the freshness of food was lost on the way to the citiesD. Britain was no longer an agricultural country43. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, .A. more attention was given to the look of the foodB. French became the official language in English restaurantsC. a large number of extremely wealthy people ate in French restaurantsD. out-of-season delicacies became very expensive44. The Second World War worsened the problem because .A. there was an increasing demand for servantsB. there was a lack of raw ingredient supplyC. many women refused to choose meat from butcher' s shopsD. French chefs dominated English restaurants45. A new enthusiasm for eating emerged in Britain .A. when many women finally had the opportunity to purchase fresh meat from a well-stocked butcher's shopB. when butter, eggs and cream became availableC. when people started traveling to other citiesD. after the early 1950sPassage 2In his typically American open style of communication, Mr. Hayes confronted Isabeta about notlooking at him. Reluctantly, she explained why. As a newcomer from Mexico, she had been taught to avoid eye contact as a mark of respect to authority figures, teachers, employers, parents. Mr. Hayes did not know this. He then informed her that most Americans interpret lack of eye contact as disrespect and deviousness. Ultimately, he convinced Isabela to try and change her habit, which she slowly did.People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbean cultures also avoid eye contact as a sign of respect. Many African Americans, especially from the South, observe this custom, too. A master's thesis by Samuel Avoian, a graduate student at Central Missouri State University, tells how misinterpreting eye-contact customs can have a negative impact when white football coaches recruit African American players for the teams.He reports that, when speaking, white communicators usually look away from the listener, only periodically glancing at them. They do the opposite when listening they are expected to look at the speaker all the time.Many African Americans communicate in an opposite way. When speaking, they tend to constantly stare at the listener; when listening, they mostly look away. Therefore, if white sports recruiters are not informed about these significant differences, they can be misled about interest and attentiveness when interviewing prospective African American ball players.In multicultural America, issues of' Eye contact have brought about social conflicts of two different kinds in many urban centers, non-Korean customers became angry when Korean shopkeepers did not look at them directly. The customers translated the lack of eye contact as a sign of disrespect, a habit blamed for contributing to the open confrontation raking place between some Asians and African Americans in New York, Texas, and California. Many teachers too have provided stories about classroom conflicts based on their misunderstanding Asian and Latin American children lack of eye contact as being disrespectful.On the other hand, direct eye contact has now taken on a new meaning among the younger generation and across ethnic borders. Particularly in urban centers, when one teenager looks directly at another, this is considered a provocation, sometimes called mad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict.Mad-dogging has become the source of many campus conflicts. In one high school, it resulted in a fight between Cambodian newcomers and African-American students. The Cambodians had been staring at the other students merely to learn how Americans behave, yet the others misinterpreted the Cambodians' intentions and the fight began.Mad-dogging seems to be connected with the avoidance of eye contact as a sign of respect. Thus, in the urban contemporary youth scene, if one looks directly at another, this disrespects, or "disses," that person. Much like the archaic phrase "I demand satisfaction," which became the overture to a duel, mad-dogging may become a prelude to a physical encounter.At the entrances to Universal Studio's "City Walk" attraction in Los Angeles, they have posted Code of Conduct signs. The second rule warns against "physically over bally threatening any person, fighting, annoying others through noisy or boisterous activities or by unnecessary staring..."46. Many African Americans from the South .A. adopt a typically American open style of communicationB. often misinterpret the meaning of eye contactC. avoid eye contact as a sign of respectD. are taught to avoid eye contact whenever telling to the others47. When listening to the others, white communicators tend to .A. look at the speaker all the timeB. glance at the speaker periodicallyC. look away from the speakerD. stare at the speaker48. Many customers in American cities are angry with Korean shopkeepers because .A. Korean shopkeepers do not look at them directlyB. they expect a more enthusiastic reflection from the shopkeepersC. there are some social conflicts in many urban centersD. they are not informed about difference between cultures49. Mad-dogging refers to .A. a provocation from one teenager to another of a different ethnic backgroundB. physical conflict among the younger generation in urban centersC. a lack of eye contact as a sign of respectD. the source of many campus conflicts across ethnic borders in urban centers50. The archaic phrase, "I demand satisfaction" .A. was connected with the avoidance of eye contactB. often led to a fightC. was a sign of disrespectD. often resulted in some kind of misinterpretationPassage 3When television is good, nothing--not the theatre, not the magazines, or newspapers--nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence, audience participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western bad men, Western good men, private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials that scream and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if you think I exaggerate, try it.Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to stretch, to enlarge the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the children's understanding of children in other lands7 Is there no room for a children's news show explaining something about the world for them at their level of understanding? Is there no room for reading the great literature of the past, teaching them the great traditions of freedom? There are some fine children's shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see whether you cannot offer more to your young children whose future you guard so many hours each and every day.There are many people in this great country, and you must serve all of us. You will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice between a Western and a symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westerns and private eyes, too, but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest. We all know that people would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated or informed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you look only to popularity as a test of what to broadcast. You are not only in show business; you are free to communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nation's whims--you must also serve the nation' s needs. The people own the air. They own it as much in prime evening time as they do at six o' clock in the morning. For every hour that the people give you--you owe them something. I intend to see that your debt is paid with service.51. What the author advises us to-do is toA. read a book while watching television programs .B. observe a vast wasteland on televisionC. watch all the programs of our television stationD. find out why television is good52. What seems to have offended the author most on television is .A. violenceB. commercialsC. WesternsD. private eyes53. As far as children are concerned, the author's chief complaint is that .A. cartoons and violence have become trademarksB. there is no children's news show on televisionC. there is no reading of great literature for childrenD. there are not enough good television programs for children54. According to the author, it is in the public interest to .A. broadcast only popular television programsB. cater for the needs of all the peopleC. broadcast both Westerns and symphoniesD. entertain people only55. It is the obligation of television business to .A. cater to the nation's whimsB. provide best programs in prime evening freeC. broadcast news programs, at six in the morningD. serve the nation's needs all the timePassage 4Some of my classmates in the same dorm established a chatting group on the Net when broadband was available on campus. Then everyone faced their own laptops and talked to each other by sending messages in the chatting group in the same room. Their dorm was silent the whole night The only sound came from tapping the keyboard. Before they went to bed that night, all of them sighed and said, "that's ridiculous."Information Technology brings about revolutionary changes to human communication. The Internet makes the world global village; that is to say, we can get in touch with each other swiftly regardless of one's location. However, does the convenience in communication mean that we are actually getting closer?I don't think so. As the anecdote above shows, access to broadband made my fellow classmates fall in silence. The Cambridge International Dictionary defines "communication" as "various methods of sending information between people and places," while it defines "communicate" as "to be able to understand each other and have a satisfactory relationship." Therefore, the booming of IT in modem society is only the booming of communication. Exchanging ideas and mutual understanding between people do not base on such booming. On the contrary, due to the revolutionary changes, we're getting farther from each other to some extent.Mutual understanding is based on expression. However, expression doesn't necessarily lead to soul touching communication and understanding. When we waffle with a mere acquaintance, we normally conceal our true feelings. Thus, we don' t establish communication with him, because we do not need him to understand us. The era of cyberspace further demonstrates such separation of form and content The Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to speak and express ourselves. With the prosperity of blog, there are, according to recent statistics, about 400,000 bloggers in China today. Bloggers express themselves on the Net at their will, while others read their blog and give comments once for a while. It seems that blog can make us touch upon the bloggers' inside world, and make us know them better. However, things are not always that perfect.Many netizens are abusing their right of free expression. Once you open the Explorer and browse awebsite, trash information about sex and violence hits our eyes. People scold and flirt in the chatroom and Bulletin Board System (BBS). When blog comes into being, netizens even transfer such vulgarity into their personal spaces, and show it to the public.In the era of the Information Technology boom, the farthest distance on earth is no longer the polar distance. The negative impacts brought about by cyberspace have imposed an unfilled gulf between souls. Since we cannot communicate to each other like before, the distance between people's hearts has become the farthest distance on earth.56. The most ridiculous part of the anecdote is that .A. there was a dead silence in the dorm room the whole nightB. the only sound came from tapping the keyboardC. those living in the same room communicated by sending messages via the NetD. they all faced their own laptops57. According to the author, Information Technology .A. brings people closer to each otherB. results in silence among her fellow classmatesC. enables us to reach anyone swiftlyD. helps to make the world a global village58. The author believes that the booming of IT in modern society .A. encourages the exchange of ideas and the mutual understanding between peopleB. leads to soul touching communication and understandingC. helps to establish a satisfactory relationshipD. results in further separation between people59. The prosperity of blog does not help us to touch each other because .A. many people abuse their right of free expression on the NetB. vulgarity has been transferred into bloggers' personal spacesC. bloggers express themselves on the Net at their willD. anyone is able to read blog and give comments60. The author believes that in the era of the Information Technology boom the distance between people' s hearts has become the farthest distance on earth because .A. there is always a silenceB. people arc not able to communicate to each other tike beforeC. the Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to express can, selvesD. people can scold and flirt in the chat room at willPassage 5According to a recent publication of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, at the present rate of progress, it will take forty-three years to end job discrimination--hardly a reasonable timetable.If our goal is educational and economic equity and parity, it is then we need affirmative action to catch up. We are behind as a result of discrimination and denial of opportunity. There is one white attorney for every 680 whites, but only one black attorney for every 4,000 blacks; one white physician for every 659 whites, but only one black physician for every 5,000 blacks; and one white dentist for every 1,900 whites, but only one black dentist for every 8,400 blacks. Less than ! percent of all engineers or-of all practicing chemists is black. Cruel and uncompassionate injustice created gaps like these. We need creative justice and compassion to help us close them.Actually, in the U.S. context, "reverse discrimination" is illogical and a contradiction in terms. Never in the history of mankind has a majority, with power, engaged in programs and written laws thatdiscriminate against itself. The only thing whites are giving up because of affirmative action is unfair advantage something that was unnecessary in the first place.Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, as news accounts make it seem. There are 49 percent more whites in medical school today and 64 percent more whites in law school than there were when affirmative action programs began some eight years ago.In a recent column, William Raspberry raised an interesting question. Commenting on the Bakke case, he asked, "What if, instead of setting aside 16 of 100 slots, we added 16 slots to the 1007" That, he suggested, would not interfere with what whites already have. He then went on to point out that this, in fact, is exactly what has happened in law and medical schools. In 1968, the year before affirmative action programs began to get under way, 9, 571 whites and 282 members of minority groups entered U.S. medical schools. In 1976, the figures were 14,213 and 1,400 respectively. Thus, under affirmative action, the number of "white places" actually rose by 49 percent; white access to medical training was not diminished, but substantially increased. The trend was even more marked in Jaw schools. In 1969, the first year for which reliable figures are available, 2,933 minority-group members were enrolled; in 1976, the number was up to 8,484. But during the same period, law school enrollment for whites rose from 65,453 to 107,064 an increase of 64 percent. In short, it is a myth that blacks are making progress at white expense.Allan Bakke did not really challenge preferential treatment in general, for he made no challenge to the preferential treatment accorded to the children of the rich, the alumni and the faculty or to athletes or the very talented only to minorities.61. The author is for affirmative action .A. because there is discrimination and denial of opportunity in the U.S.B. if we aim at educational and economic equity and parityC. because it will take 43 years to end job discriminationD. when there is no reasonable timetable in the U.S.62. It requires to close the gaps between the whites and the blacks in the U.S.A. one black attorney for ever 4000 blacksB. a lot more black engineers and chemistsC. education and economic developmentD. creative justice and compassion63. Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, according to the author, because .A. what whites give up is only unfair advantageB. there are 49 percent more white in medical school today alreadyC. whites, the majority in the U.S., will never discriminate against themselvesD. there are 64 percent more whites in law schools today64. William Raspberry, while commenting on the Bakke case, suggests .A. to offer 100 slots to whites and 16 to blacksB. to offer 84 slots to whites and 16 to blacksC. to follow what has happened in law and medical schoolsD. to interfere with what whites already have65. What Allan Bakke challenged was .A. the myth that blacks are making progress at white expenseB. unfair treatment accorded to blacksC. preferential treatment in generalD. preferential treatment to minority-group membersPassage 6Globalization is a phenomenon and a revolution. It is sweeping the world with increasing speed and changing the global landscape into something new and different. Yet, like all such trends, its meaning,。
考博翻译
汉译英 (二)
1.一家网上赌博公司已经开始接受全球变暖赌 1.一家网上赌博公司已经开始接受全球变暖赌 注，下注的对象包括海水能否淹没美国东 海岸的一些顶级度假胜地。 海岸的一些顶级度假胜地。 An online gambling service has started taking bets on global warming, including whether it can submerge some of the East Coast’ Coast’s top vacation spots.
汉译英 (二)
2.别去下这样的注，原因在于美国东海岸的海平面 2.别去下这样的注， 别去下这样的注 虽然在上升， 虽然在上升，科学家们却从未预测过近似于赌博 公司提供的有关海水上涨的具体高度和日期。 公司提供的有关海水上涨的具体高度和日期。 Don’ Don’t bet on it, says Phil Roehrs, a coastal engineer for the city of Virginia Beach. Roehrs said although sea levels are rising along the East Coast, scientists are not predicting anywhere near the levels and dates provided by the gambling service.
汉译英 (三)
1.安大略的大型化学品公司宣称，一名工人无意中 1.安大略的大型化学品公司宣称， 安大略的大型化学品公司宣称 错按了该公司的“停工”开关， 错按了该公司的“停工”开关，这一无心大错将 使这家大型塑料厂无法履行一些合同， 使这家大型塑料厂无法履行一些合同，由此损失 的利润将达1,100万美元 万美元。 的利润将达1,100万美元。 A worker accidentally tripping a shutoff switch at a major Ontario plastics plant will cost Nova Chemicals Corp. $11 million in lost profit, the company said, because it won’t be able to fulfill won’ some contracts because of the blunder.
博士翻译考试题及答案
博士翻译考试题及答案一、单句翻译（共30分，每题3分）1. 请将下列中文句子翻译成英文：“随着全球化的推进，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。
”答案：With the advancement of globalization, cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly important.2. 请将下列英文句子翻译成中文：“Economic growth has been the primary focus of national development strategies.”答案：经济增长一直是国家发展战略的主要焦点。
3. 请将下列中文句子翻译成英文：“科技创新是推动社会进步的关键因素。
”答案：Technological innovation is a key factor in driving social progress.4. 请将下列英文句子翻译成中文：“The company has recently undergone a significant restructuring p rocess.”答案：该公司最近经历了一次重大的重组过程。
5. 请将下列中文句子翻译成英文：“环境保护是每个公民的责任。
”答案：Environmental protection is the responsibility of every citizen.6. 请将下列英文句子翻译成中文：“The research findings suggest that early intervention is crucial for the treatment of this disease.”答案：研究结果表明，早期干预对于这种疾病的治疗至关重要。
7. 请将下列中文句子翻译成英文：“教育对于培养下一代具有不可替代的作用。
”答案：Education plays an irreplaceable role in nurturing the next generation.8. 请将下列英文句子翻译成中文：“The government has implemented new policies to address the housing crisis.”答案：政府已经实施了新政策来解决住房危机。
育明考博-2015年人大考博复习资料考博英语翻译模拟预测题练习1
中国考博辅导第一品牌
相比，其生产效率要高得多。 48. 20 世纪 60 年代中期，两家最大的日本汽车制造商开始与美国的生产效率并驾
齐驱，而后来则为美国生产效率的两倍，而每位员工计算的资金投入却与美国不相上下。 49. 例如，美国汽车制造商的规模生产的经营方针鼓励第一品牌
人大考博英语汉译英专项练习(1-10,含详解)
人大考博英语汉译英专项练习（1-10，含详解）专项练习1科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。
古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。
今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。
科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。
【参考译文】Science and technology is the source power which can drive civilization of Human being. China, an old-line country, has had a high position in the world’s technology history. Today, Chinese people are not only sharing the harvest of technology and civilization with people from rest of the world, but promoting the science and technology in all kinds of field as well. High-tech Olympics means that we will closely follow the latest high-tech developments home and abroad and integrate the high-tech achievements nationwide so as to host a magnificent sports event in high-tech achievement. In doing so, Beijing’s capacity in high-tech innovation will be improved and the application of high-tech achievements in production and people’s life promoted. Beijing Olympic Games will be a window to showcase our high-tech achievements and innovative capacity.专项练习2去年，美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10磅。
人大考博英语大纲样题及答案
中国人民大学博士生（非英语专业）入学考试英语考试示例Part I Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: For each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best completing the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a singlebar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1．When I heard that Mrs. Thacher resigned, I called her. I wanted her to know that my heart was _____ her.A. forB. ofC. inD. with2. Gentleness has been considered a _____ trait.A. boyishB. delicateC. feminineD. male3. We know that this is ture, but _____ we recognize this truth only in our backward glance.A. all too oftenB. too oftenC. all too lateD. too late4. The retiring professor was _____ by his colleague.A. criticizedB. exaltedC. driven outD. examined5. He is honest. His actions are always _____ his words.A. contradictory toB. contradicted byC. agreed withD. consistent with6. Life is never just _____.A. livingB. beingC. existingD. going7. The lady _____ her skirt by sit on the seat while flying.A. disorderedB. disarrangedC. creasedD. crashed8. You must always be ready to sacrifice _____ to duty.A. inclinationB. tendencyC. interestD. career9. In many countries now, smoking is not _____ in public places.A. permissiveB. permissibleC. permutableD. pernicious10.His pleasant ways _____ me into thinking that he was my good friend.A. deprivedB. despisedC. divertedD. beguiled11._____ animals must be kept in cages in case they might hurt the tourists.A. LandB. DomesticC. ViciousD. Farm12. Almost overnight, Ames became a hero of environmentalists when his finding led to new ____and bans on certain chemicals.A. regulationsB. authoritiesC. ordersD. suggestions13.The ____ noise whistles kept me awake all night.A. incarnateB. incessantC. repetitiousD. rampant14. The baby seems content, he must have ____ his new nursemaid.A. taken toB. taken afterC. taken fromD. taken in15. He had either to leave the country immediately or to surrender himself to the Nazi authorities,and had no other _____.A. alternativeB. hopeC. resourceD. approach16. A good sense of rhythm is one of his natural ____ as a poet.A. endowmentsB. interestC. weaknessesD. accomplishments17. All his attempts to argue about the rightness were _____.A. futileB. not importantC. effective in caseD. without reason18.I ____ lowbrow, admire the highbrow all the more for his patronizing type.A. conceitingB. humbleC. overweeningD. poor19. Lowbrows are quite _____ for highbrows to have their symphonics and their Russion novels.A. contentB. containedC. capacityD. yearn20. As the speed of change brings design ____ fashion, then decisions about taste will have to bemade more and more regularly.A. near toB. nearer toC. next toD. close to21.The dark clouds suggest a(n) _____ storm.A. impendingB. surprisingC. fastD. enexpected22. To our grief, he became ______ to the drug.A. addictedB. interestedC. amusedD. disturbed23.Being a foreigner, Carl did not _____ to the joke.A. appreciateB. catch on toC. laughD. like24. Talks on climate change resulted in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to _____ globalwarming.A. focus onB. combatC. settle downD. sum up25. His parents _____ him to enlist when he was seventeen.A. permittedB. committedC. madeD. enabled26. _____ may think they are better than the facts would justify.A. OptimistsB. PessimistsC. CynicistsD. Humorists27. He quickly _____ behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his direction.A. duckedB. evadedC. escapedD. dodged28. By isolating negative words and phrases, you can _____ the damage you‟re doing to yourself.A. point outB. pointC. pinpointD. get29. It did the _____ service of freeing us from the dilemma.A. immenseB. muchC. lot ofD. innumerous30. Sports, and not learning, seem to _____ in that school.A. appearB. occupyC. dominateD. lead31. The local people could hardly think of any good way to _____ poverty they had endured.A. shake offB. ward offC. put offD. take off32. As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracleappears to depend on a seeming _____. The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.A. interruptionB. descriptionC. qualificationD. contradiction33. His meeting with Picasso was an important _____ in the artist‟s life.A. lessonB. episodeC. sceneD. chapter34. Borders these days have little meaning for Singapore- based regional _____ of electronics firmslike Sanyo and Philips.A. executivesB. officialsC. governorsD. servants35. Unfortunately, the woman‟s hat _____ my view of the stage.A. blocked upB. obstructedC. preventedD. interfered36. Meantime, road construction is _____ on the site of a proposed Tuman River Triangle.A. under wayB. in the wayC. of the wayD. by way37. Everyone knows that the firefly is a _____ insect.A. firingB. lightingC. luminiferousD. glowing38. Preferential policies and ready cooperation do play a role in _____ poverty.A. alleviatingB. activatingC. assaultingD. accustoming39. The fact that these regions are _____ in natural resources doesn‟t mean local people are well off.A. adorableB. accessibleC. abundantD. ambient40. In spite of a problem with the ____ equipment, some very useful work was accomplished.A. imperfectB. temporaryC. emergencyD. reinstalledPart II Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C and D for each question or unfinished statement and mark the corresponding letter with a singel bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1There is extraordinary exposure in the United States ot the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle acidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer that 4 percent of all dirvers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood.There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which intoxication plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a country‟s population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be penalized by this approach.To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at intoxicated drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers cited for any traffic offense and elevated BAC can be the basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this lever there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicatd. In Britain, motor vehicle fatalities fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. As the British increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the ensuing three years the fatality rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic beverage will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most fatalities is unclear. In part, the answer depends on the extent to which those with high BAC involved in crashes are capable of controlling their intake in response to economic or penal threat. Therapeutic programs which range from individual and group counseling and psychotherapy to chemotherapy constitute another approach, but they have not diminished the proportion of accidents in which alcohol was a factor. In the few controlled trials that have been reported, there is little evidence that rehabilitation programs of those repeatedly arrested for durnken behavior have reduced either the recidivism or crash involvement for clients exposed to them, although knowledge and attitudes have improved. One thing is clear, however, unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic intoxication plays a role, many will continue to die.41. The author is mainly concerned with _____.A.interpreting the results of surveys on traffic fatalitiesB.reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to curb drunk drivingC.suggesting reasons for the prevalence of drunk driving in the United StatesD.analyzing the causes of the large number of annual traffic fatalities42. It can be inferred that the 1967 Road Safety Act in Britain______.A.required drivers convicted under the law to undergo rehabilitation therapyB.make it illegal to drive while intoxicatedC.increased the number of drunk driving arrestsD.placed a tax on the sale of alcoholic drinks43. The author imples that a BAC of 0.1 percent _____.A.is unreasonalby high as a definition of intoxication for purposes of drivingB.penalizes the moderate drinker while allowing the heavy drinker to consume without limitC.is well below the BAC of most drivers who are involved in fatal collisionsD.proves that a driver has consumed five ounces of 80 proof spirits over a short time44. The author cites the British example in order to _____.A.demonstrate the need to lower BAC levels in states that have laws against drunk drivingB.prove that stricter enforcement of laws against intoxicated drivers would reduce trafficdeathsC.prove that a slight increase in the number of arrests of intoxicated drivers will not deterdrunk drivingD.suggest that taxation of alcohol consumption may be more effective than criminal laws45. The author‟s tone of then end of the article can best be described as _____.A. ironicB. indifferentC. admonitoryD. indecisivePassage 2No one can be greater thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who, with due study and preparation, thinks of himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. Not that it is solely, or chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. On the contrary, it is much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which whey are capable of. There have been, and may again be, great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any people has made a temporary approach to such a character, it has been because the dread of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended. Where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed; where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiansm was the mind of people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect ot something of the dignity of thinking beings.He who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that. His reasons may be good, and on one may have been able to refute them. But if he is equally unble to refute the reasons on the opposite side; if he does not so much as know what they are, he has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for him would be suspension of judgement, and unless he contents himself with that, he is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which he feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that he should hear the arguments of adversaries from his own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with his own mind. He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. He must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: he must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the s ubject has to encounter and dispose of else he will never really possess himself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in hundred of what are called educated men are inthis condition: even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be ture, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from and considered what such persons may have to say, and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. They do not know those parts of it which explain and justify the remainder; the considerations which show that a fact with seeminlgy conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.46. According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find ____.A.acceptance of truthB.enthusiasmC.controversy over principlesD. a suspension of judgement47. Which of the following statements is true, according to the author?A.Most education people study both sides of a questionB.Heterodox speculation will lead to many errors in thinking.C.The vast majority of people who argue fluently are acquainted with only one side of anissue.D.It is wise to get both sides of a debatable issue from one‟s teachers48. As it is used in line 4 of the passage, the word …suffer‟ most nearly means _____.A. endureB. undergoC. permitD. support49. It can be inferred from the passage that a person who knows only his own side of an issue isregarded by the author as ______.A. uniformedB. opinionatedC. ignorantD. rational50. Which of the following statements do you think the author would be most likely to agree with?A. A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.B.Periods of intellectual achievement are of heterodox speculation.C.In a period of mental slavery, no true intellectual thought is possilbeD.Excessive controversy prevents clear thinking.Passage 3Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy‟s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to generated half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.Too many of these pioneers, however, will balze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Mid-career executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also , at least for a while, be bookeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have disappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had workded with the same product or service in their last jobs.Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm‟s health in its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small –business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitabiliby. They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their ingenious service or product have evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.Frequent checks of your firm‟s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot idea.51.According to the passage, a country‟s economy is probably decided by ______.A.the prosperity and decline of the transnational corporationsB.the rise and fall of the markets and products as well as capitalC.the fate of the small businesses such as small plants and restaurantsD.the economic increase and decrease of the large companies52. In order to succeed in a business, the entrepreneur should _______.A.get very well prepared for his new busnissB.choose a business he‟s already familiar withC.examine the company‟s crucial signs now and thenD.invest as much as possible into his enterprise53. Which of the following statement about small business is not ture?A.It helps effectively to fight unemployment.B.The earlier it starts, the sooner it collapsesC.There‟s a good omen for small business according to a survey.54. What does the last sentence in the 3rd paragraph mean according to the passage?A.The patient is seriously ill because of lack of water in the well.B.The patient can be saved if he has enough money to solve the financial problem.C.It‟s too late for small business owners to realize the gravity of the problem because theyhave used up their money.D.I t‟s urgentfor small business owners to pour all their money into the enterprise to revitalizetheir business.55. What‟s the main idea of this passage?A.How to become a winner in small business.B.How to be a successful boss in multinational corporations.C.How to deal with ups and downs in small business.D.How to conquer new markets and gain the largest profit.Passage 4The World Health Organization (WTO) is in trouble. Its leader is accused of failing to lead, and as the roganization drifts, other bodies, particularly the World Bank, are setting the global health agenda . Western governments want the WHO to set realistic targets and focus its energy on tackling major killer such as childhood diseases and tobacco.The WHO clearly needs to set priorities. Its total budget of $0.9 billion – around 10 p for each man, woman and child in the world – cannot solve all the wolrd‟s health problems. Yet its senior management does not seem willing to narrow the organization‟s focus. Instead it is trying to be all things to all people and losing dependability.Unfortuanately, the arguments for priority- setting is being seriouisly undermined by the US, one of the chief advocators of change. The US is trying to reduce its contribution to the WHO‟s regular budget from a quarter of the total to a fifth. That would leave the organization $20 million short this year, on top of the substantial debts the US already owes.The WHO may need priorities, but it certainly doesn‟t need budget cuts. Thanks to ther US‟s failure to pay its bills, many of the poorer nations see priority-setting as merely a cover forcost-cutting that would hit their health programs hard.The WHO would not serve poorer countries any worse if it shaprened its focus. It would probably serve them better. In any case, a shaprer foucs should not mean that less money is needed. When the US demands cuts, it simply fuels disputes between the richer and poorer countires and gives the WHO‟s senior management more time to postpone.The American action is not confiend to the WHO. It wants eventually to cut its contributions to the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Labor Organization too. But it knows that dissatisfaction with the WHO and its leadersip made the organization vulneralbe. It if wins against the WHO, the rest will lose out in their turn.America‟s share of the budget is already a concession. Each nation‟s contribution to the UN agencies is calculated according to its wealth, and by that measuere the US should be paying about28 percent of the WHO budget. But over the past three decades the US has gradually reduced what it pays the organization. The US should not ask for future cuts. Until it pays its full share of money, it will hold back the organization‟s much needed reforms.The world needs the WHO. The World Bank may have a bigger budget, but it sees improved health as jost one part of economic and social development. The WHO remains the only organization committed to health for all, regradless of wealth.56. How much of the WHO‟s budget should the United States pay in terms of its wealth?A. A quarterB. 28%C. More than $ 20 milllionD. A fifth57. Which of the following can best characterize ther US?A.It has stopped demanding reforms.B.Its managemtnt is inefficient.C.It is trying to pay less to WHO.D.Its government is not responsive.58. What does the author mean when he interprets the urge for a sharper focus?A.The US will be justified in cutting its financial contribution.B.More heated argumenteds will be unavoidable between richer and poorer countries.C.There should be better service for poor countries but no cost-cutting.D.The poorer countries will not receive more benefits.59. What is the United State‟s strategy to fight all those organizations according to the author?A.To defeat them all one by one.B.To defeat the WHO first and the others will give up.C.To exclusive cut contributions to the WHO.D.To cut contributions to all the organizations.60. Which of the following world organizations has the weakest leadership according to the passage?A.The International Labor OrganizationB.The Food and Agriculture Organization.C.The Wolrd Health OrganizationD.The World BankPassage 5The practice of capital punishement is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted exectutions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and dabate over whether governments should utilize the death penalty continue today.The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign against capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions during this period include French authors Voltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terribe crimes. Those who advocate the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effictive punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as human rights sissue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoints, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.61. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times _____.A.death penalty had been carried out before government came into beingB.people thought it was right for the government to conduct exectionsC.death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countriesD.many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel62. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?A.People began to criticize their government.B.The government was unjust in this period.C.People began to realize the value of life.D.Social critics were very active at that time.63. Critics of capital punishment insist that it _____.A.violate human rights regulationsB.is an ineffective punishment of the criminalsC.is just the revenge for terrible crimesD.involves killing without mercy64. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty_____.A.agree that it is a human rights issueB.agree that it can prevent crimesC.explain its statistical analyses differentlyD.think that they are asked different types of questions65. The author‟s attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as ______.A. supportiveB. criticalC. neutralD. contradictoryPassage 6The sound of gunshots has become an all too familiar and unwelcome occurrence in many communities across the nation. When shots ring out, 911 calls from worried citizens may come from a large area. Unfortuately, even with numerous reports, police are ofter frustrated in their efforts to silence this gunfire because they cannot pinpoint the location of gunshots rapidly. A U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientist recognized that sound waves traveling through the air away from a gunshot are basically similar to the sound waves traveling through the ground away from an earthquake. Scientist then have adapted their methods for quickly finding the exacty source of an earthquake to the problem of locating gunshots.Field testing of a gunshot-locating system inspired by earthquake technology began in 1995. After only a few weeks of testing and improving the software, the system was locating many signals that were clearly associated with gunfire. Automatic weapons fire was the easiest to identify because of the regular time interval between individual shots. The system was more sensive during the night, when there was less background noise from traffic and other urban activity. By the last spring , the system was undergoing final acceptance trials. Captian Jim Granucci of the Redwood City Police Department stated that “ even before the system was in use, the number of illegal gunshots declined as word of its existence speread. “In this test the gunshot-locating system worked remarkable well, and according to Commander Dominick Peloso of Menlo Park Police Department, “This system, when fully developed, holds great promise for assisting police in controlling and reducing violent crime.”When the results of the test were made public, there was an enthusiastic response from San Francisco Bay area residents, who asked local government officials to impletment such systems in their cmmunities. Interest was also expressed by private firms and law enforcement agencies both in California and elsewhere in the nation. Robert Showen, founder of a company that is now marketing a gunshot-locating system, said, “The USGS test demonstrated beyond a doubt that the concept was feasible and could be implemented quickly. Without this test, I would have been hisitant to invest in the development of my product.”66. The problem of gunfire is difficult to solve because _______.A.few people would like to report gunshots to the policeB.few policemen are available to capture the criminalsC.people are indifferent to the familiar sound of gunshotsD.the police cannot immediately rush to the scene of gunshots67. It can be learned that the gunshot-locating system _______.A.is more effective within a short distanceB.is proved to be more reliable at nightC.is not affected by background noiseD.is not sensitive to automatic weapons。
人大考博英语翻译真题模拟练习资料-育明考博-育明考博
人大考博英语翻译真题模拟练习资料-育明考博对于每一个英语句子的翻译, 并不只是使用一种翻译方法, 而是多种翻译方法的综合运用, 这在英语长句的翻译中表现得尤为突出。
长句在科技性的文体中的出现极为频繁, 因此也就成为研究生入学考试的重点, 通过对近年来试题的分析我们可以看出, 所考查的绝大多数划线的部分都是长句。
无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。
其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。
一、英语长句的分析一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。
在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
人民大学考博英语真题翻译精练
人民大学考博英语真题翻译精练Overseas students shun UK and US universities The market share of international students enjoyed by British and US universities has dropped sharply as Australia，Japan and New Zealand become increasingly popular destinations，according to an international comparison of education systems published yesterday.The latest edition of Education at a Glance，an annual audit published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development，showed that although foreign students continue to be attracted to the two countries because of the English language teaching and perceived quality of education，in relative terms their position is weakening.The Paris-based organisation reported that US market share fell 2per cent from2002-3，while the UK suffered the fastest decline among OECD members，falling from16.2per cent in1998to13.5percent in 2003.The most recent year used by the report is2003so the percentages did not include a21.3per cent fall in the number of Chinese students accepted for university courses in Britain this year.Britain is increasingly reliant on the higher fees paid by students from outside the European Union to help sustain its universities for domestic students.The overall number of students studying outside their own countries stood at2.1m in2003，an8.3percent annual average increasesince1998.According to the report the international complexion of US campuses has changed strikingly since September112001.The country''s universities have seen decreases of10-37per cent in students from the Gulf states，northern Africa and some south-east Asian countries.The report also concluded that despite continued，if uneven，growth in the number of graduates churned out by the rich world''s universities，the monetary value of a degree showed no sign of having been tarnished.Andreas Schleicher，head of the Indicators and Analysis Division of the OECD''s Directorate of Education，said there was no evidence of inflation of the labour-market value of qualifications and that graduates could expect to continue to earn considerably more than those without a degree.Assessing the performance of the world''s schools，Mr Schleicher said Asia was soaring while Europe remained level and South America had slipped into relative decline.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l iu jiu qi ba QQ:si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu）一、全文翻译英美大学留学生人数骤跌据昨天公布的一项国际教育体系比较研究称，英美大学的留学生市场份额急剧下降，而澳大利亚、日本和新西兰日益成为受欢迎的留学目的地。
中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷11(题后含答案及解析)
中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷11(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Although he refused to act on my suggestion, he had to admit that ______ what I said.A．it was something inB．there was something asC．it was something asD．there was something in正确答案：D解析：there is something in：……有些道理。
2．On behalf of my company, I am ______ to you and your colleagues for your generous help.A．subjectedB．inclinedC．availableD．obliged正确答案：D解析：obliged与to构成固定搭配，意思是感激。
如：I’m much obliged to you．(我非常感谢你的帮忙)，所以D项正确。
而“subjected to的意思是屈从于，隶属于；inclined to的意思是倾向于；available to的意思是供给，有用”，都不符合句意。
3．(Track lighting) is one of the most popular types, (if not) the most popular type, (of) lighting (on market) today.A．Track lightingB．if notC．ofD．on market正确答案：D4．His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in_____to his income.A．comparisonB．proportionC．association正确答案：B解析：in proportion to是固定搭配，表示“依照比例，和……相比”。
中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ______ attitude toward customers.A．straightforwardB．partialC．favourableD．hostile正确答案：D解析：本题是说经理责备地看了一眼其中一名女售货员，因为她对顾客的态度不友善。
D项“hostile (to)adj．敌对的，不友善的”，符合题意。
其他三项中，straightforward adj．“坦率的，正直的；明确的，简单的”；partial(to)adj．“偏袒的，偏心的；部分的，不完全的”；favourable (to/for) adj．“有利的，顺利的；赞成的”，都不符合题意。
2．With the joint effort of everyone, the plan is ______ to succeed; I’m sure of that.A．obviousB．boundC．doubtlessD．necessary正确答案：B解析：本题是说在大家的共同努力下，这项计划一定会成功；对此我可以肯定。
B项“be bound(to do)一定的，必然的；be bound to/for a place准备到……去；开往”，与题意相符。
其他三项中，obvious adj．“显然的，明显的”；doubtless adv．“无疑地，肯定地”(副词一般不作表语)；necessary adj．“必要的，必须的；必然的，势必的”，都不符合题意。
四川大学历年考博英语翻译题答案.doc
1. 英译汉第一次世界大战和经济大萧条迫使人们不得不重新冷静地评价來势迅猛的技术大爆炸。
一种思想派别——技术决定主义认为，现代社会再也不是19世纪及20世纪初期的工业年代了。
他们说，后工业时代社会已经成为一种现实。
先进电子技术所带来的复杂的社会技术网络已经使国家的政府机构，资木主义性质的公司和人口拥挤的城市失去原有的作用。
2. 汉译英Moon gazing is an ancient art. To prehistoric hunters their understanding of the moon overhead was a unerring as heartbeat. They knew that every 29 days it became full-bellied and brilliant, then sickened and died, and then was the reborn. They knew that the waxing moon appeared larger and higher overhead after each succeeding sunset while the waning moon rose later each night until it vanished in the sunrise.2003答案1. 英译汉：现在，城市化比以前任何时候都更有影响。
它是世界性的，到处都可以感受到它的影响。
联合国的统计数字表明，在约30年的时间里，全世界过半的人口将住在城市里。
这是个具有深远意义的转变，也许是人类史的一个重要里程碑并将以现在无法想象的方式去影响着人类和大自然。
整个人类的定居史都与地形学和资源有着密切的联系。
直到几个世纪之前，人类定居模式还是主要巾农业、渔业、采矿业、水利和国防而定。
城镇和村落相继发展成了商业和市场中心，服务于落后地区。
在欧洲，从文艺复兴起，有钱人就在乡T修建了大型的住宅，然后往返于城乡之间。
人大考博英语真题分析功课翻译试题
例如，汉语说“他不来，我不走”。这句话包含了两层意思，完全通过意义联系起来，
中国考博辅导第一品牌
两分句之间不用任何连词。而如果翻译成英文则必须用连接词语，即：I won’t go unless he comes. 或者我们说：I will stay until he comes.
1 英语形合，汉语意合 2 英语多长句，汉语多短句 3 英语多被动，汉语多主动 4 英语多替代，汉语多重复 5 英语重省略，汉语重补充 6 英语重心在前,汉语重心在后 一、形合和意合 不同的语言中句子内部或外部连接几乎都使用句法、词汇、词义这三种手段。用前 两种手段连接称为形合，用后一种手段连接称为意合。就英语和汉语来说，英语是强调 形式上紧密结合，汉语是强调意义上结合紧密。具体来讲，英语的句子是通过一整套完 整系统的语法结构和连接词将单词和词组组合在一起，强调结构上正确，逻辑上严密， 思维上严谨。而汉语则不然，就是说一个汉语句子的分句与分句之间，或是短语与短语 之间，在意思上有联系，但很少用关联词。使用每一个分句或是短语的意思组合成一个 完整的句子的。大家在从高中考大学的时候也一定做过语文中有一种题让我们根据意思 来为一篇文言文断句，那么断句的基础是什么呢?是不是通过每个文字的意思以及整个文 章的意思来断句的，那么就是说汉语是通过意义来紧密结合起来的，表面上可以看起来 是一些毫不相干的汉子，但是组合在一起却意义深刻。 比如我们看下面这个句子。这个句子是美国林肯总统《盖茨堡演讲》结尾的一句。 We here highly resolve that these dead should not die in vain-that this nation, under god, shall have new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the world. (参考译文：我 们在此立志誓愿，不能让他们白白死去--要使这个国家在上帝庇佑之下，得到新生的自 由--要使那民有、民治、民享的政府不致从地球上消失。)
考博英语英译汉、汉译英专项练习(含详解)
人大考博英语英译汉专项练习（1-6，含详解）专项练习1Top colleges and universities are rushing into online education, but the big news is the proliferation of a new breed of for-profit online institutions bringing Internet education to the masses. “The Internet will probably be the single most democratizing force in education,”says Columbia Business School Dean Meyer Feldberg, who envisions educational programs being routed through the Net to hundreds of millions of people. The largest online institution is the University of Phoenix (/), with some 6, 000 students today and hopes of reaching 200, 000 students in 10 years. The University offers bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees in business management, technology, education and nursing. The institution boasts that if you’re a student “you can earn your degree via the Internet whenever and wherever you want.”The University notes that its degree programs cost far less and may take some students far less time to complete. On the other hand, a Business Week survey of 247 companies found that only a handful would consider hiring applicants who earned their MBA degrees online. Whether that will change as for-profit online universities improve their offerings—and graduates prove their worth —is anyone’s guess.【参考译文】目前一些顶尖高等院校正仓促进行在线教育，但是传出的一条重要消息却是一种新的旨在盈利的在线机构的激增，这些机构正在把因特网网上教育带给广大民众。
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人大考博英语汉译英专项练习（1-10，含详解）专项练习1科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。
古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。
今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。
科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。
【参考译文】Science and technology is the source power which can drive civilization of Human being. China, an old-line country, has had a high position in the world’s technology history. Today, Chinese people are not only sharing the harvest of technology and civilization with people from rest of the world, but promoting the science and technology in all kinds of field as well. High-tech Olympics means that we will closely follow the latest high-tech developments home and abroad and integrate the high-tech achievements nationwide so as to host a magnificent sports event in high-tech achievement. In doing so, Beijing’s capacity in high-tech innovation will be improved and the application of high-tech achievements in production and people’s life promoted. Beijing Olympic Games will be a window to showcase our high-tech achievements and innovative capacity.专项练习2去年，美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10磅。
因为当时原油价格创下了历史新记录，作为应对措施，很多公司不得不提高机票价格中的燃料费用。
美国人和欧洲人不断发胖的趋势促使政府发动健康运动，同时人们严厉谴责许多食品公司。
麦当劳连锁店在谴责声中受到冲击，因而不得不在最近几个月里修改菜单，增加了一些更有利于健康的食物。
这一举动促使麦当劳的盈利增加。
然而，据专家预测，人类注定会越来越胖，会对航空公司的利润空间形成不断增加的压力。
【参考译文】Last year, the Federal Aviation Administration increased by ten pounds the average passenger weight they use to calculate aircraft loads. Since then crude oil prices have hit record levels, with many firms responding by raising the fuel surcharge they add to ticket prices.The rising level of obesity in the US and in Europe has prompted government health campaigns and harsh criticism of a number of food firms. Restaurant chain McDonald’s has taken the brunt of the attack and has in recent months reworked its menu to include healthier options. The move has helped lift profits. The prediction by experts, however, is that humans are set to become bigger, putting increasing pressure on airline profit.专项练习3据最新估计，雅典奥运会的开支已达到100亿美元，这对于希腊这样的小国来说可是一笔不小的数目，何况它曾经是欧盟中最贫穷的国家。
希腊对这次奥运会可能带来的美好前景寄予厚望，并想借此机会（向世界）展示一个“焕然一新”的希腊，以吸引新的投资者和游客。
但是，本国运动员的兴奋剂丑闻和旅游业的低靡破坏了希腊的形象，这使希腊政府十分恼火。
希腊财政部的一位重要官员告诉记者，希腊只有正确处理好公众关系，才能使雅典奥运会的开销变成投资。
【参考译文】Latest estimates of the costs of hosting the Athens Olympics put them at up to $10 billion huge amount for a small country like Greece, once the poorest in the EU.The nation has pinned hopes of a successful future on the events being a showcase for a “transformed” country, attracting new investors and tourists alike. But there is anger in government that the home team’s doping scandals and a tourism slump are ruining Greece’s image. A key treasury aide told reporters that Games spending would become an investment only if Greece got the right public relations message across.专项练习4正在意大利进行国事访问的中国国家主席江泽民22日在总统府与意大利总统举行了会谈。
江泽民主席说，中意两国虽然相距遥远，社会制度、文化传统、经济发展程度也存在差异，但两国关系很好。
现在两国合作的深度与广度不断扩大，意大利是中国在欧洲的重要贸易伙伴。
两国经济互补性强，双方开展经贸合作潜力很大。
中国政府支持和鼓励中国企业界同意大利同行多往来，使两国经贸合作更富有成果。
【参考译文】Chinese president Jiang Zeming who is currently on a state visit to Italy held a formal talk with Italian president on 22nd at the presidential palace. President Jiang pointed out that although Italy and China are geographically far away from each other and important differences exist in their respective social systems, cultural traditions, and the levels of economic development, the two countries have so far maintained a very friendly bilateral relationship. At present, the cooperation between the two countries has been expanding in terms of both the depth and the width, Italy being an important trade partner of China in Europe. The economies of both countries are characterized by strong complementarity and there is tremendous potential for both countries to undertake economic and trade cooperation. The Chinese government will support and encourage Chinese business communities to conduct more contacts with their Italian counterparts so as to make the economic and commercial cooperation between the two countries more constructive and fruitful.专项练习5徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。
他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。
他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。
为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人烟稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。
【参考译文】During his lifetime, Xu Xiake traveled around and conducted surveys in 16 provinces. He left his footsteps in virtually every part of the country. In the process of conducting his surveys and investigations, he would never blindly embrace the conclusions recorded in previous documents. Instead, he discovered that the documentations made by his predecessors in their geographical studies were not quite reliable in many aspects. In order to ensure that his reconnaissance were real and detailed, he seldom traveled by ship or by wagon. He climbed over mountains and hills and traveled long distances almost entirely on foot. In order to develop a true picture of the natural world, he made it a point of undertaking his expeditions in those mountain areas where roads weredifficult to travel and in those woods that were sparsely populated. In this way he discovered many marvelous mountains and beautiful scenes. He frequently chose different times and seasons of the year to make repeated visits to the famous mountains across the country so that he could make repeated observations of their wonderful scenery that kept changing all year round.专项练习6在过去几十年里,大多数发展中国家的人民文化水平得到了提高,寿命大大延长;几乎在所有地方，妇女的地位在逐步提高。